Piranha yodziwika bwino (lat. Pygocentrus natterera, komanso Nutterera piranha, wokhala ndi malaya ofiira, ofiira) ndi nsomba yomwe imakhala ndi mbiri yakale, chifukwa yakhala ikusungidwa m'mizinda yoposa 60 zaka.

Mtundu wa piranha wofala kwambiri, womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe, makamaka ku Amazon ndi Orinoco.

Piranha yokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira imawoneka yapamwamba ikakhala yogonana. Msana wake ndi utoto wachitsulo, thupi lonse ndi siliva, ndipo m'mimba mwake, pakhosi, ndi ma anal fin ndi ofiira owala.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamipando yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imafika mpaka masentimita 33, ngakhale imakhala yaying'ono mu aquarium. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'matumba a anthu 20, motero nkosavuta kwa iwo kusaka, koma osadzizunza.

Piranha wokhala ndi mikanda m'maso amadziwika kuti ndi woipa kwambiri kuposa onse oimira chilengedwechi omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe.

Ngakhale sizokongola pankhani yodyetsa komanso yolimba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izingokhala kwa akatswiri okhazikika pamadzi okhaokha. Ndiwotchena nsomba yokhala ndi mano akuthwa.

Kulumwa kwamadzi ambiri kumachitika chifukwa chosasamala, komabe ndibwino kuti musatulutsenso manja anu mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wamadzi.

Nsombazo zimakonda kudya ndipo sizigwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'madzi ambiri. Amatha kukhala m'madzi okha, koma ndi bwino kuwasunga onse chimodzimodzi.

Komabe, ngakhale mu gulu lopangidwa, milandu yaukali ndi kubala cannibalism siachilendo. Monga lamulo, nsomba yayikulu komanso yayikulu kwambiri imakwera pasukulu. Amatenga malo abwino kwambiri ndipo ndi woyamba kudya. Kuyesa kulikonse kutsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano kumatha ndewu kapena ngakhale kuvulaza wotsutsa.

Mutha kuyesa zomwe zilipo ndi mitundu yayikulu kuchokera kwa achibale ake, mwachitsanzo, ndi paketi yakuda akadali wachinyamata.

Kwa nsomba imodzi, m'madzi okwanira malita 150 ndi okwanira, koma kwa sukuluyo mumafunikira ina yowala. Amadya kwambiri komanso mwachidwi, kusiya katundu wowononga, ndipo amafunikira chosefera chakunja champhamvu.

Habitat

Imagawidwa mokwanira kumadera otentha a South America, kumakhala chigwa chonse cha Amazon ndi malo ake, komanso m'madziwe am'madzi am'madzi am'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Brazil. Zamoyo zouluka, zimakonda kukhala m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu makumi angapo, kudya nyama zonse zakufa ndi kudya nyama.

Kufotokozera

Thupi lalitali lamphamvu lopindika pambuyo pake, mutu waukulu wokhala ndi nsagwada ya convex, yokhala ndi mizere yamano akuthwa. Mchira waukulu komanso wolimba womwe umakuthandizani kuti muzithamangira komanso kugwira chidutswa chanu kuti muthane ndi achibale. Mtundu wautoto umakhala wonyezimira, wachitsulo wowoneka ndi siliva, ngati kuti nsombayo yasokonekera ndi madontho owoneka bwino, pamimba pake ndi ofiira.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mitundu yacarnivorous, mu aquarium yakunyumba mutha kudyetsa osati nsomba zam'madzi zokha, komanso zakudya za nyama, malembe, nsomba za mumtsinje, tizilombo, ma finya. Palibe chakudya chouma chamakampani chololedwa; Piranhas sangadye.

Njira yazakudya imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwakukulu pazinthu zam'madzi za aquarium, chifukwa chake, zosefera zothandiza komanso kusintha kwa madzi ndi 30-50% pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse ndizofunikira. Osadumphira pazosefera, muyenera kugula zosefera zingapo, kuposerapo, imodzi mwa iyo iyenera kugwira ntchito mwamtima, imagwira ntchito ngati ikusunga chimodzi mwa zosefera. Zida zina zofunika: aerator, chotenthetsera, zida zamagetsi zochepa.
M'mapangidwewo, perekani malo ambiri osambira pakatikati ndi malo owaza azomera mbali zokhala pansi pa nyanja, komanso malo othawirako angapo ochokera ku zigwiriro, mizu kapena zinthu zosafunikira (zombo, nyumba zachifumu, ndi zina). Dothi lopangidwa ndi mchenga kapena miyala yabwino.

Khalidwe pamagulu

Maonekedwe ankhanza komanso owopsa amakhala amanyazi nthawi imodzi, makamaka akakhala payekha kapena atapakika, ndi kugogoda kulikonse kapena phokoso lalikulu, Piranha akuyesera kubisala, kubisala. Sizigwirizana ndi nsomba zina, motero ndi mtundu umodzi wamadzi okha omwe ndi woyenera kutero. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusungitsa osachepera anthu 10 m'gululo, kuyambira 20 mpaka 30. Gulu lomwe limayang'anira, nsomba yayikulu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri imatenga zakudya zabwino ndikuyendetsa yochepera. Cannibalism ndi yofalikira, nsomba zofooka komanso zodwala zimadyedwa ndi achibale, chifukwa chake ingopeza nsomba zamtundu wathanzi, popanda chizindikiro chakunja.

Piranha pacu

Paku - awa ndi ma piranhas, omwe, ngakhale amawoneka owoneka mwamphamvu komanso zida zapamwamba za chibwano, sizowopsa konse, chifukwa piranha zamasamba . Pazina ili, asayansi amagwirizanitsa mitundu ingapo ya ma piranhas am'madzi amchere ku South America, ndipo amakonda chakudya chomera makamaka pamakina awo.

Amakhala ndi mano apadera, pang'ono ngati mano a anthu. Mano oterewa amakhala ngati thumba la kufinya mtedza ndi njere, kudya zakudya zina zamtundu wolimba.

Komabe, ngati mungasunge paca mu aquarium, mukufunikabe kusamala kwambiri kuti nsombazo zisakulume mwangozi dzanja lanu, mwachitsanzo, mukatsuka aquarium.

Mileus Redfin Kapena Mileus Mwezi

Mileus - m'malo mwake nsomba zazikulu, zamtendere, zosungidwa m'masukulu. Dera lomwe amagawirako ndi Amazon Basin, malo osiyanasiyana osungirako a Guiana ndi Suriname. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mileus imatha kukula mpaka 35 cm, m'malo opanga - mpaka 15 cm. Kutalika kwa moyo - mpaka zaka 10. Mileus amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba zopanda umboni, motero ndi zabwino kwa oyambira m'madzi oyambira. M'mikhalidwe yokumba, amakula mpaka 15 cm.

Mileus mosavuta kukhala mu aquarium ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Popeza mbewu zimapanga chakudya chawo chachilengedwe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomerazi panthawi yokongoletsa. Zinthu zopanda moyo ndizoyenera, ngakhale mitundu ina ya mbewu ndi yoyenera, mwachitsanzo, Thai fern kapena Javanese moss, chifukwa nsomba zambirimbiri sizimadya. Ngakhale amadya zakudya zokhazokha, mileusamu komabe, gawo la mapuloteni muzakudya ndilofunikanso, chifukwa chake ayenera kupatsidwanso chakudya chamoyo, mwachitsanzo, ma cellworm.

Phukusi lofiira

Phukusi lofiiraColossomabidens (onaninso). Habitat - South America, makamaka ku Amazon ndi m'milandu yake, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nsomba zamalonda (ndipo ndani, pamenepa, amadya ndani?).

Ngakhale ikufanana kwambiri ndi piranha, pacu yofiyira nthawi zambiri siphatikiza chakudya chama nyama muzakudya zake (mwina mano ochepa amakhudza?). Mwachilengedwe, chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi abwino. Nsomba zazing'ono zimamera mwachangu mokwanira: mchaka choyamba, pacu yofiyira imatha kukhala masentimita 30. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa akuluakulu kumafika masentimita 80 ndi kulemera kwa 25 kg, mu aquarium zizindikiro zotere ndizovuta kwambiri kuzikwaniritsa. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi moyo m'mbiri ndi zaka 28.

Piranha wofiyira

Red Piranha (Rooseveltiellanatt audi ) ali ndi utoto wofiira mu utoto wam'mimba pokhapokha ali mwana. Mu chilengedwe, imakula mpaka 30 cm (mu aquarium - osaposa 20 cm ndi kulemera kwa 1.5 makilogalamu) - nsomba yayikulu bwino, siliva wa azitona wokhala ndi thunzi lofiirira kapena lilac, kunyezimira kowoneka bwino kumbuyo, mchira wosaswa wokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wokhala m'mphepete, m'mimba ndimtundu wamtundu wa lalanje (mwachangu ali ndi malo akuda omwe amatha ndi zaka). Thupi limakhala lokwera kwambiri, lokakamizidwa pambuyo pake, mutu umakhala ndi nsagwada, "ngati bulldog." Ili ndi kamwa yayikuru yokhala ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri a bevel, yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva, omwe ali kumtunda amakwanira bwino m'galo ndi otsika.Chifuwa, komanso maziko a zipsepse zamatumbo ndi ma anal, zimapakidwa utoto wowala, mbali zake zili ndi madontho okongola. Mwambiri, mtundu wa piranha wofiira umawoneka bwino kwambiri! Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma piranhas ofiira am'madzi kuchokera zaka 6 mpaka 15.

Piranhas Amakhala a nsomba kusukulu ndipo amafunikira malo akuluakulu owerengera kuti asunge. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mu aquarium ya 500 l. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi nsomba 7. Piranhas amakonda madzi oyeretsedwa bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kachitidwe kosefera kayenera kusankhidwa poganizira kuchuluka kwa katunduyo pa biofilter, ndibwino kukhazikitsa fyuluta yakunja ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komwe akupanga opanga. Kutentha kwamadzi 25 - 27 ° C, pH 5.8 - 7. Kuuma: 2 - 12 dHG. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kamodzi pa sabata, kusintha kwa madzi kumafunika, osachepera 20%. Popeza piranhas ndi nsomba zamanyazi (ndani angaganize!), malo okhala m'madzi amayenera kukhala ndi malo okhalamo achilengedwe: miyala, grottoes, bunts zamasamba.

Kudyetsa ma piranha kumatha kuchitika ndi nsomba zam'madzi zopanda nsomba zopanda mafuta, popeza ndimazisungunula ndikuzithira madzi ndi shirimpu wosenda bwino, squid, mtima ndi chiwindi. Piranhas amasangalala kudzula nyemba, kudya nyongolotsi kapena mphutsi. Ndi nthawi ya chakudya pomwe umunthu wawo wosadziwika wosavomerezeka uwululidwa!

Piranha wamba (lat. Pygocentrus natterera, komanso Nutterera piranha, piranha wofiira, piranha) ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi mbiri yake, chifukwa imasungidwa m'malo osungirako zinyama kwa zaka zopitilira 60. Mtundu wa piranha wofala kwambiri, womwe umapezeka mwachilengedwe, makamaka ku Amazon ndi Orinoco.

Piranha yokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira imawoneka yapamwamba ikakhala yogonana. Msana wake ndi utoto wachitsulo, thupi lonse ndi siliva, ndipo m'mimba mwake, pakhosi, ndi ma anal fin ndi ofiira owala. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamipando yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imafika mpaka masentimita 33, ngakhale imakhala yaying'ono mu aquarium. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'matumba a anthu 20, motero ndizosavuta kuti alenje, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti asadzitengere okha. Piranha wofiira amaonedwa kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri mwa mitundu yonse ya ma Piriran omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe.

Ngakhale sizokongola pankhani yodyetsa komanso yolimba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izingokhala kwa akatswiri okhazikika pamadzi okhaokha. Ndiwotchena nsomba yokhala ndi mano akuthwa. Kuluma kwamadzi ambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza, komabe ndibwino kuti musatulutsenso manja anu m'misiliyinso. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wamadzi.

Nsomba za Piranha aquarium ndizachinyama ndipo sizoyenera kugwira nawo gawo limodzi mu aquarium. Amatha kukhala m'madzi okha, koma ndi bwino kuwasunga onse chimodzimodzi. Komabe, ngakhale mu gulu lopangidwa, milandu yaukali ndi kubala cannibalism siachilendo. Monga lamulo, nsomba yayikulu komanso yayikulu kwambiri imakwera pasukulu. Amatenga malo abwino kwambiri ndipo ndi woyamba kudya. Kuyesa kulikonse kutsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano kumatha ndewu kapena ngakhale kuvulaza wotsutsa. Mutha kuyesa zomwe zili ndi mitundu ina yayikulu yokhudzana ndi iye, mwachitsanzo, akadali wachinyamata.
Pa piranha imodzi, malo am'madzi okwanira malita 150 ndi okwanira, koma kwa gulu, lofunikira kwambiri ndilofunikira. Amadya kwambiri komanso mwachidwi, kusiya katundu wowononga, ndipo amafunikira chosefera chakunja champhamvu.

Piranha wamba kapena Nutterera piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri kale, Serrasalmus nattereri ndi Rooseveltiella nattereri) adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1858 ndi Kner. Pali mkangano waukulu chifukwa cha dzina lasayansi piranha, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zisintha, koma pakadali pano takhazikika pa P. natt audi.
Piranha amakhala ku South America konse: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador ndi Uruguay. Miyoyo ku Amazon, Orinoco, Parana ndi mitsinje ina yaying'ono.

Amakhala m'mitsinje, m'misasa, m'mitsinje yaying'ono. Komanso m'madziwe akuluakulu, m'madziwe, m'nkhalango mudadzaza ndi zigwa. Amasaka m'matumba a anthu 20 mpaka 30.Amadya chilichonse chomwe chimatha kudya: nsomba, nkhono, mbewu, ma invertebrates, amphibians.

Kuswana

Choyamba, nsomba zam'madzi zizikhala pamalo opanda phokoso pomwe palibe amene angasokoneze nsomba. Komanso, nsomba zimayenera kukhala zogwirizana (gulu lokhazikika, lokhala ndi utsogoleri wokhazikika). Kuti muthe kuwaza bwino, madzi oyera ndi ofunikira - ammonia ndi nitrate ochepa, ph 6.5-7.5, kutentha 28 C, ndi aquarium volumetric momwe nthunzi imatha kugawa gawo lawolawo.

Wokonzekera kufalikira, banjali limasankha malo ochezera, omwe amasamala mokhazikika. Mtundu wa ma piranus umatha, ndipo amayamba kupanga chisa pansi, ndikugwetsa mbewu ndi miyala yosuntha. Apa, chachikazi chimayikira mazira, omwe amphawo amadzaza manyowa. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, yaimuna imasamalira mazira ndikuwukira aliyense amene adzafike kwa iye.

Caviar ndi lalanje mu mtundu, adzagwedezeka m'masiku atatu. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mphutsi zimatha kudya chifukwa cha yolk sac, pambuyo pake imayandama. Kuyambira pano, mwachangu wabzalidwa mu aquarium wokula. Samalani, yamphongo imathanso kuukira chinthucho, kuteteza mwachangu.

Pokhala kale mwachangu, ma piranas amakhala osilira kwambiri chakudya. Afunika kudyetsedwa naupileia brine shrimp, masiku oyamba, kenako ndikuwonjezera phala, nsungu zamagazi, daphnia, ndi zina zambiri. Muyenera kudyetsa mwachangu kawiri, katatu kapena katatu patsiku. Kukula kwachinyamata kumathamanga kwambiri, ndikufika sentimita imodzi.

Meyi 29, 2014 admin

Mbiri ya nsomba iyi imasokonezeka popanda chiyembekezo. Nkhani zowopsa zimanena za kukongola kwake kwamagazi. Mphekesera zakuti gulu la nsomba izi limatha kuwombera nyama yaku njati posakhalitsa. Kodi tinganene chiyani za bamboyo. Koma ndi chibadwa cha munthu kuti aziluma misempha. Sawopa kuti, pachilankhulo chamderali, "piranha" amatanthauza "nsomba zokwiya". Ndipo tsopano munthu akuweta kale munthu wokhala mu Amazon mnyumba yakwawo.

Piranha adalowa m'gulu la nsomba zam'madzi pakati pa zaka za zana la 20. Ndipo kukhazikika mwa iwo. Palibe amene adasokoneza nsomba zam'madzi abwino kwambiri.

Khalidwe Piranha

Piranha ndi wa banja la a Characion, dongosolo la cyprinids. Amakhala m'madzi abwino aku South America . Ili ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yocheperako, yomwe imakonda kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ndi piranha yodziwika bwino, ndipo ndi yofiyira.

Piranha ndi nsomba wamba komanso yotsika mtengo yam'madzi, chifukwa chake, akatswiri samalangiza kuti agule zodutsa zapamsewu. Makonda ndi ogulitsa mwapadera komanso asodzi odalirika am'madzi.

Pogula ngakhale munthu wowoneka bwino wathanzi, iyenera kuyikidwa mu malo okhala pansi pa mlungu kwa sabata limodzi. Pambuyo pokhapokha ngati nsomba sizinazindikire zosokoneza chilichonse, zitha kusamutsidwa kumalo okhalamo.

Zofunika! Mukamasankha nsomba kuti mugule, muyenera kuwonetsetsa momwe amagwirira ntchito, yang'anani mawonekedwe omwe kulibe mabumphu osakhala achizolowezi komanso zilonda zolimbitsa thupi, zilonda, zokutira, zokutira kumitambo, kuwonongeka pamakala. Nsombazo zimayenera kukhala ndi chilakolako cha chakudya, makamaka champhamvu kwambiri ngati piranha. Khalani achangu koma osasokoneza mgwirizano.

Chifukwa chake, kuti tiwone bwino momwe zinthu zilili ndi boma logula, njira yolandirayo iyenera kutsagana ndi kudzipereka. Mukaperekedwa ndi mauthenga, sizingatheke kuwerengera chiweto, kapena kuwona momwe chimasungidwira pamtengo.

Mtengo wa piranha umatengera mtundu ndi zaka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu m'modzi amatenga ma ruble 1,500 - 3,000. Zowerengeka zochepa kwambiri zomwe ndizodula. Muzochitika izi, mtengo umatha kufikira ma ruble masauzande angapo a nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri.

Chipangizo cha Aquarium, zida

Kuti piranha isungike bwino, ndikofunikira kulingalira za chikhalidwe chake ndipo, malinga ndi iwo, imapereka malo abwino okhala.

1. Sparium yayikulu.
   Voliyumu imawerengeredwa potengera zikhalidwe - 10 malita a madzi kwa masentimita atatu aliwonse a thupi lonse la nsomba. Zapezeka kuti kwa anthu awiri pamafunika madzi okwanira ma lita 150, gulu la ana asanu a 5-8 a ma piran amafunika 200 lita imodzi. Kwa kampani yopanga akuluakulu, aquarium ya malita 300-500 ndi yofunika kale.
   Izi sizabwino kapena zapamwamba, koma chosowa chofunikira chifukwa chaukali wa nsomba. Zocheperako piranha malo, momwe zimakhalira.
2. Chiwerengero chochulukirapo.
   Pakukwiya kwake konse, piranha ndi nsomba yamanyazi. Amasowa malo obisika - mitengo yotsekera, nyumba, mapanga, miyala, komwe angabisike pangozi yowopsa kapena yeniyeni.
   Zomera, zokhalamo kapena zokumba, zimafunikanso mu aquarium. Nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwe pang'ono komanso kuzungulira gawo lonse.
   Malo okhala ndi mbewu zimakhala 2/3 za voliyumu yonse ya piranha aquarium.
3. Zosefera zamphamvu.
   Chifukwa chacacity, piranha imatulutsa zinyalala zambiri. Kuti asadziunjikire mumadzi ndipo asauphe poizoni, mufunika chida choyeretsa champhamvu.
4. Wabwino compressor.
   Kuti Piranha akhale bwino, amafunika madzi oyera okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Makina othandizira odalirika ndiofunikira.
5. Magetsi chotenthetsera ndi thermometer.
   Piranha ndiam'mayiko otentha ndi madzi ofunda. Amakhala bwino pokhapokha ngati madzi atentha kwambiri madigiri 23. Ngati mukufuna nsomba iyi kuti iganizire za kubereka, ndiye kuti kutentha kuyenera kutenthedwanso - madigiri 26.

Momwe mungadyetse piranha

Piranha samasamala chakudya, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti amatha kudyetsedwa kuposa chilichonse. Pali malamulo ndi malire. Pongoyambira, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa piranha wamtundu wanji - wachilengedwe kapena wamasamba.

Pakudyetsa, muyenera kusankha malo ochepa otseguka mu aquarium. Ndipo mosamalitsa kudya regimen - 1 nthawi patsiku, kwa mphindi ziwiri. Ngati panthawiyi chakudya sichinatenge, zotsalira ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera kumadzi. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuthana ndi kuipitsa kwa madzi, chifukwa kudziwika kwa piranha ndikudziwika: samatenga chakudya kuchokera pansi pamadzi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Piranha amanyalanyaza chakudya chochepa kwambiri. Kukula kwake kukhale kolingana ndi nsagwada zawo.

Piranhas amakonda zosiyanasiyana . Kuti muwapatse, muyenera kupeza zakudya zam'mitundu yosiyanasiyana: nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, zazing'ono zazing'ono, nyama ya squid, zonyansa, nyongolotsi zam'mimba, achule, achule, masamba atsopano - zukini, mbatata, sipinachi, kaloti.

Ponena za nyama ya nyama zomwe zimayamwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, ma piranha azidya, koma akatswiri salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtunduwu pazifukwa zitatu.

1. Kuchuluka kwa nyama m'zakudya kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri mu nsomba.
2. Chimbudzi chimasweka ndipo mtundu wa nsomba watayika.
3. Madzi owonongeka mu aquarium.

Piranha wathanzi amakhala ndi chakudya chabwino . Pa tsiku lomwe amadya chakudya chochuluka mofanana ndi kulemera kwake.

Nthawi ndi nthawi - 2-4 kawiri pamwezi, ma piranha okongoletsa amafunika kukonza masiku osala - masamba kuti asanenepe.

Ndizosangalatsa! Amasunga nthawi ndipo adziwonetsa kuti ndi chakudya chabwino chouma cha piranha. Ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino, pali mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira nsomba.

Kusamalira ndi ukhondo, njira zopewera

Piranha ndiosavuta kuwasamalira. Koma pali zinthu zitatu zomwe munthu wam'madzi azitha kuchita mokhazikika komanso pafupipafupi ngati akufuna kuti om'tsatira akhale athanzi komanso osangalala.

1. Sungani madziwo.
   • Kuti muchite izi, kamodzi pa sabata, 10% ya madzi onse am'madzi amaloledwa. Kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika bwino pofuna kupewa kusintha kwakuthwa m'mikhalidwe ya nsomba. Kupanda kutero, olimbana ndi magazi amatha kupanikizika.
2. Yang'anirani kapangidwe ka madzi.
   • Kuyesa kwamadzi nthawi zonse kumafunika. Nthawi 1-2 pa sabata amayeza madzi ammonia. Acidity iyenera kukhala 6 - 7, kuwuma - 6-15.
3. Yang'anirani kutentha kwa madzi.
   • Kukhazikika m'madzi ozizira kumatha kupha piranha. Kutentha kwake kwamadzi ndi madigiri 25-27.

Palinso chinthu china chomwe piranha ndichofunikira kwambiri - kampani. Ili ndi sukulu ya nsomba. Amakhala wosungulumwa. Popanda paketi, amakhala wamanyazi kwambiri ndipo amakula bwino.

Zofunika! Akatswiri amalangiza kuti ayambe kudzaza nsomba m'madzi am'madzi atatu amodzi komanso kukula kwake - kuti zazikulu zisadye zazing'ono, kuzilakwitsa pazakudya.

Ngakhale malamulo osavuta osamalira ndi kukonza piranhas, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti awa ndi adani. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zonyansa komanso zamagazi zamadzi abwino kwambiri okhala padziko lapansi.

Pali njira zinayi zofunika kusamalirira piranhas kunyumba.

1. Simungathe kuyika malo okhala ndi ma piranhas otsika, makamaka ngati m'nyumba mwanu muli ana ang'ono.
2. Mukamasewera ma aquarium ndi manja opanda, ndikofunikira kuti palibe mabala kapena mabala pakhungu.
3. Simungayendetse gulu la ma piran ku ngodya. Izi zimawakwiyitsa.
4. Piranhas zoopsa kwambiri komanso zoopsa panthawi ya kubala. Chitani kanthu panthawiyi mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde ofewa a m'manja okhala ndi mautali autali.

Piranha wamba ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamatchulidwe - ofiira, ofiira kapena a Nutterera. Mukayika amodzi mwa mayina awa kunyumba ya piranha, simudzakhala olakwika. Zoyambazo zimapezeka m'malo azisamba okonda zachilendo zaka 65 zapitazo. Anabweretsa dziko lathu mkati mwa zaka zapitazi kuchokera kumadzi a Amazon ndi Orinoco.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a piranha wamadzi amakhala nthawi yakutha msinkhu. Mu chithunzichi, maluwa ochulukira amawonekera bwino kuyambira kuchitsulo kupita ku torso siliva ndi m'mimba ofiira, pakhosi ndi kumat. Nsomba zokhala ndi ubweya wofiyira zimafikira pafupifupi masentimita 30 kuthengo ndi 25 mu aquarium. M'chilengedwe amakhala m'gulu la ziweto. Chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha gulu limodzi ndi michira 20. Zimaphatikizidwa kuti zithandizire kusaka chakudya. Piranhas ndi olusa mwankhanza, motero amasankha wozunza ndikuwukira ndi paketi. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri mwa anthu am'madzi a padziko lapansi.

Ngakhale kuti ma piranasi siovuta kuwasamalira komanso olimba, ndibwino kuwasunga kuti akhale wodziwa ntchito zamasamba. Osanyalanyaza zonena zake zakuthwa komanso kufa kwake. Abwana osadziwa zambiri amatha kumugulira dzino chifukwa chosadziwa komanso osasamala. Palibe chifukwa choti muziika pansi madzi am'madzi ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono.

Piranhas sioyenera malo okhala m'madzi okhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Amakonda kampani yokhala ndi "yawo", koma milandu yomvetsa chisoni siyimachotsedwa pamenepo. Ngati mungayang'ane machitidwe anu, mutha kupeza mtsogoleriyo. Nthawi zonse amakhala woyamba kudya, amatenga malo abwino kwambiri, akuwonetsa kuti ndi ndani yemwe ali ndi malo osungirako nyumba, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, wamkulu koposa. Sizachilendo kuti ziphuphu zichitike pomveka. Zokhumudwitsa ndi cannibalism siziperekedwa. Njira yokhayo yomwe mungayesere kuwononga piranha ndi chipika chakuda, bola ngati izi sizinafike kutha msinkhu ndipo amawonedwa ngati wachinyamata.

Piranha imodzi imakhala m'madzimo, koma ndibwino kuyambitsa anthu angapo nthawi imodzi. Kwa nsomba yayikulu, muyenera kusankha kusamutsidwa koyenera kwa aquarium. Munthu m'modzi amatenga madzi okwanira malita pafupifupi 150, gawo lomweli liyenera kuganiziridwa ngati mungaganize zokhazikitsa nsomba zingapo zosungira. Piranhas ndiwowonekera bwino, ndipo, chifukwa chake, amatulutsa zinyalala zambiri, kotero samalirani chisankho cha fyuluta ndi mphamvu yake. Ophawo achangu akhala akukakhala m'madzi kwa zaka zosachepera 10, izi ziyenera kulingaliridwa musanapange gulu lankhondo.

Zofunika pa madzi:

• 150 malita pa munthu aliyense
• Chifuwa chambiri,
• Madzi oyera ndi zotengera zina tsiku ndi tsiku,
• Fayilo yamphamvu yokhala ndi gawo laosefa.

Yang'anirani mosamala momwe ziweto zimakhalira ndikuchita mayeso pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe zamadzimadzi zamadzi.

Zosiyanitsa

Mawonekedwe a nsomba zamitundu yonseyi ndi ofanana: thupi lokhala ndi disk yayitali, yokhazikika mbali zonse, maso atakhala pansi komanso pamphumi. Mano ake ndi akuthwa, a lamellar, opindika patatu, okonzedwa mwanjira yoti pasapezeke mpata pakati pa mano pamene pakanikizidwa. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 30. Aquarium piranhas zimatha kukhala zamtunduwu kuyambira zaka 4 mpaka 15.

Khalidwe

Mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe odekha kuposa malo achilengedwe, koma musaiwale kuti awa ndi omwe amadyera masukulu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti gulu la ma piranhas omwe akukhala m'madzi anu, okhala ndi anthu osachepera 8-10. Osungulumwa amamva kukhala omasuka, amanyazi, otsekeka komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Ma Aquarium piranhas amakhudzanso phokoso lalikuru, zinthu zazikulu zatsopano m'madzi, kuwala kowala kwambiri, nthawi zina zinthu izi zimayambitsa mantha a nsomba omwe amatha kuluma.

Kudyetsa

Nsomba za Aquarium piranha ndizodzikongoletsa pachakudya. Amakondwera kwambiri kudya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Lamulo lalikulu sikuti muziwonjezera zakumwa ndikuchotsa zotsalazo nthawi yomweyo kuti madzi akhale oyera. Kudyetsa piranhas ndikofunikira kuchita kamodzi patsiku, akatswiri ena amalangiza kuti achepetse nthawi yodyetsa mpaka mphindi 2, izi ndizokwanira. Ndi nthawi yayitali yodyetsa, madziwo amathanso kusokonezeka ndipo zimatha kudwala.
Imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo imathandizira kuti chiweto chanu chizikhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo shirimpu, ma tadpole, chidutswa chansomba Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nsomba ndi nyama imodzi, chifukwa mtundu wa nsomba umasamba. Sitikulimbikitsidwanso kudyetsa ziweto zatsopano za nsomba, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana komanso majeremusi. Piranhas yaying'ono amadya nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi tubule bwino. Kenako muyenera kuyambitsa nyama ndi nsomba pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha miyezi itatu, nsomba imasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chamagulu.
Ndikovuta kwambiri kubereka ana kunyumba. Kuti nsomba imere, muyenera malo ofewa komanso acidic, ofanana ndi zachilengedwe. Piranha mwachangu amakula msanga ndipo ndimatenda oyenera kumapeto kwa mweziwo adzafika 2-2,5 cm. Kuti mukulitse ana amodzi mwa nsomba imodzi, mumafunika malo oyambira okwanira malita 3,000.

Maonekedwe a nsomba

Thupi la piranha ndi lathyathyathya, lozungulira, loponderezedwa pambuyo pake. Zipsepse zamkati ndi ma anal zimadutsa, mchira wake ndi wokulirapo, Maso ndi opepuka komanso akulu . Kupaka utoto kumatengera mtundu wake, komanso zakudya. Mitundu ya maolivi yobiriwira ndi yobiriwira yakuda imapezeka kwambiri kumtunda; kuwala piranha kumbali ndi siliva imvi.

Zipsepse ndi m'mimba zake zimakhala zambiri zofiira. Msonga wa mchira ulili ndi chingwe chakuda. Kukula kwachinyamata kuchokera ku nsomba zazikulu kumatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawanga amdima kumbali zomwe zimatha nthawi.

Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu ndi nsagwada zake. Mwachilengedwe, sizipezekanso mwa aliyense.

1. Kutalika kwa mano opindika atatu kumafika pa 5 mm. Amakhala owongoka, owongoka pang'ono mkati, wowukitsa modabwitsa. Chifukwa chake, amalimbana mosavuta ndi wozunzidwayo, akumang'amba mzidutswa kapena kudula mnofu wake. Palinso timitengo tingapo ndi mafupa.
2. Nsagwada ndizapadera. Ikakanikizidwa, mano okwera ndi otsika amalowa m'machimo, ndikupanga kupanikizika kwambiri. Zochita zake zitha kufananizidwa ndi msampha.
3. Mphamvu yakukula imayezedwa ndi 320 Newwords, omwe alibe fanizo mu nyama yanyama. Kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi nsagwada zakutseka kumakulitsa kulemera kwake katatu.
4. Wachikulire angathe kuletsa munthu chala. Omwe amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi ma piranhas adasinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito nsagwada zawo ndi mano onga lumo, ndipo amameta mano.

Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro la mawonekedwe a piranha. Kuswana kwa nsomba kumachitika pakuikira mazira . Nthawi imeneyi imatenga mwezi wa March mpaka August. Pakufalikira, zazikazi zimayikira mazira masauzande, kenako zazimuna zimazisunga.

Zinthu za Piranha

Nsombazi, kuphatikiza pakupanga chidwi ndi nsagwada, ndizosiyana kutulutsa mawu . Mwachitsanzo, atakhala pamtunda, amalira ngati galu, nthawi yamadzulo amatha kuwonetsa "kusewera ng'oma", kuwopsyeza ake omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "zokhotakhota", ndikuyandikira munthu wina, mbedza zam'madzi.

Asayansi apeza kuti mitundu yonse ya zinthu imamveka kuchokera kwa iye chifukwa cha chikhodzodzo, chomwe amapanga ndi minofu yake. Phokoso lomwe limatulutsidwa limatengera kuthamanga kwawo.

Piranha kumva bwino komanso kumva kununkhira . Wovutitsidwa, atapezeka kuti wapezeka patali kopitilira 6 km, samapulumutsidwa, popeza anali wonunkhira ndi dontho la magazi.

Adani piranha

Palibe munthu aliyense amene amochulukitsa kukula motere, kapena zilombo zazikulu, zomwe, komabe, zomwezo, adazipanga, sizingawope nsomba yaying'onoyi. Koma nsomba izi zidakali ndi adani:

M'madzi a ku Europe ndi Russia, piranha amapezeka kwambiri. Uku sikuchita nthabwala zachilengedwe, koma vuto la asamadzi osadziwa zambiri omwe, atalephera kusamalira nsomba, asankha kuti atuluke.

Azungu ndi Russia alibe chochita ndi mantha, chifukwa nsomba sakhala m'madzi ozizira nyengo yozizira ikadzafika, iwo onse adzawonongeka. Ndimalimbikitsa kukhala kwawo, matenthedwe amachokera ku 24 mpaka 27 degrees.

Piranha ndi nsomba yomwe imatha kuzolowera moyo watsopano. Mu aquarium, akumva bwino, ndichifukwa chake ambiri amayesa kumubala. Nthawi yomweyo, musaiwale zokonda zamkati, chifukwa nsomba ndizodyera.

Kusowa kwake kudyetsa kumanja , nsomba zazing'ono, monga sprat, capelin, ndizambiri pazakudya. Musaiwale za chitetezo.

Kodi nsomba zodyerazi ndizothandiza?

Izi nsomba ndizokoma kwambiri. Pali nkhani zambiri zomwe zimafotokoza za izi. Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani ina ya nkhumba yomwe imagwera m'madzi pamene gulu lowerengera limatha kumeza m'mafupa. Nthawi zambiri ozunzidwawo amakhala asodzi omwe amafuna kudya piranhas.

Amagwidwa chifukwa nyama yodyedwa chimafanana ndi nsomba. Gwiritsani ntchito pafupipafupi mawonekedwe okazinga. Usodzi umachitika pa ndodo yosodza, koma msodzi ayenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kugwira chala.

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti piranha ndi nyama yofunika kuti ikhale ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe, chiwonongeko chake zimatsogolera ku kusalinganika Padzakhala mwayi wabwino kwambiri wamatenda obwera komanso kupezeka kwa matenda m'matupi amadzi.

Piranhas amakhala m'mitsinje ya South America. Malo awo amakhalako mpaka mamiliyoni mamiliyoni a kilomita lalikulu - kuchokera kumalire akum'mawa kwa mapiri a Andes kupita pagombe lomwe la Atlantic. Piranhas amakhala m'madzi am'madzi a Paraguay, Uruguay ndi Argentina. Pali mitundu yopitilira 20 ya ma piranhas. Mitundu ina imakula mpaka theka la mita kutalika, pomwe ina imakhala yochepa kwambiri masentimita angapo.

Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zofala, mitundu yambiri ya ma piran alibe. Pali mitundu inayi yokha ya nsomba zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala zankhanza ndipo zitha kukhala zowopsa. Pali umboni wokwanira wowukira kwa ma piranhas, koma palibe ndi umodzi mwa milandu iyi yomwe yadzetsa zotsatira zakupha.

Mawu akuti "" amodzi mwa mafuko aku South America a amwenye amatanthauza "dzino lansomba." Uwu ndi mtundu wamphamvu wa nsomba, mano amatuluka chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka nsagwada yam'munsi. Kuyendetsa kolimba kwa minofu ya nsagwada kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ma piranas samadula nyama, koma kudula nyama yaying'ono. Mano a piranas ndi akuthwa kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuwononga ngakhale zitsulo.

Piranhas ndi ziphuphu. Amatha kuthamangitsa abale awo ovulala.

Nthano wamba za piranha

Sizikudziwika ndendende momwe ma piran amathandizira kuti agwire. Mwinanso amatsogozedwa ndi mayendedwe omwe owazunzawo amapanga. Asayansi ati piranhas imatha kuyankha kusintha kwamadzi.

Piranhas ndi otchuka ku kuswana kwa m'madzi am'madzi. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri awo

Piranha wamtundu wocheperako pang'ono umatha kukhala chokongoletsera chokongola komanso choyambirira cha aquarium. Komabe, musanakhale wankhanza chotere, koma nthawi yomweyo nsomba zamanyazi, muyenera kuzipatsa nthawi yokhazikika.Musaiwale kuti nsomba zokhala m'madzi ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kuluma mosazindikira mwininyumba kapena kuthana ndi mnansi wawo wam'madzi momwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti nsomba izi zizisungidwa kokha ndi akatswiri komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi.

Kudumphira mwachangu pa nkhaniyi

Zofunika kusamalira

Ma Aquarium piranhas ndi magulu aku sukulu, ndichifukwa chake ndibwino kuzisunga m'gulu, za anthu 10, koma ngati mungathe zingakhale zambiri. Ngati sangathe kupanga zoweta zawo, amawopa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zopanda vuto ndipo nthawi ya moyo imachepetsedwa. Akuluakulu amatha kukhala mwamtendere ndekha, pomwe ali ndi chidaliro. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ali okha amatha kugwirira mosavuta osati nsomba zina zazikulu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, komanso anthu amtundu wawo.

Mu aquarium, madzi ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, ndichifukwa chake kusefa ndi kupha nsomba ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza nsomba zamtunduwu. Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse pafupifupi 10-15% ndiyofunikanso pakupanga nsomba kwabwino. M'pofunikanso kukhazikitsa kutentha kwakukulu mu aquarium, pafupifupi 26.5 ° C. Ngati madzi mu aquarium amakhala ozizira kapena mosinthasintha, izi zimatha kufooketsa kusadwala kwa nsomba komanso kupezeka kwa matenda.

Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyeneranso kuperekedwa pakukongoletsa malo omwe anthuwa amakhala. Popeza ndi omasuka komanso odalirika, nsomba zimamva m'madzimo okhala ndi masamba owuma. Ndiye chifukwa chake malo opitilira 50% amadzi ayenera kukhala ndi zikhomo mwapadera monga m'mapanga, nyumba, mabatani komanso kubzala mbewu zokumba. Inde, zonenepa zachilengedwe sizingasokoneze piranhas, koma ndi zotsekemera zoterezi zimatha kukhazikika, chifukwa mtunduwu umadya chilichonse chomwe mungadye.

Chakudya choyambirira

Ma Piranhas omwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi samakhala ndi chakudya, koma ndikofunikira kuti musamalowetse zakudya zanu zodyedwa, ngati zingatheke, musinthe zakudya zanu tsiku lililonse ndikutsuka zakudya zotsalazo mukangotsitsa. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma piranhas ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi ndikuti, pomwe zadzaza, zimasiya chakudya, osatenga chakudyacho. Chifukwa chake, popewa kuwola ndi kuwonongeka kwamadzi mwachangu, ndibwino kuti muchepetse chakudya cha rhinestone.

Akukhulupirira kuti nyama zam'madzi zomwe zili ndi njala m'madzi ndizofala kwambiri mu cinema kuposa zenizeni, wokhala kale wamtundu wakale adataya mwayi wokhala nyama yolusa. Koma ngati mukubweretsedwa ku South America, muyenera kukhala okonzekera chilichonse.

Piranha wokhala ndi mivi yakuthwa amalimbana bwino ndi anaconda ndi chupacabra pamutu wolemekezeka wa zolengedwa zoopsa kwambiri ku South America. Pali chowonadi china mu nkhani zabwino kwambiri, koma m'moyo weniweni nsomba zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi Hollywood (ngakhale James Cameron, wolemba "Wosasinthika" ndi "Avatar" wosaiwalika) yemwe ali ndi malo ofunika kwambiri munkhani zoyipa za anthu akumaloko, amakhala osiyana kwambiri. Tidzayesa kuthamangitsa mabodza ofala kwambiri onena za nkhwangwa izi ndikupereka malangizo othandiza kwa iwo omwe adagula matikiti opita ku Brazil kapena ku Mexico.

Aliyense amadziwa kuti ma piranhas amakhala m'madzi amatope a Amazon. Ndipo izi ndi zowona, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yomwe imakhala mumtsinje waukuluwu ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti malo okhala ma piranas ndi ochulukirapo, amatha kupezeka pafupifupi mumtsinje uliwonse ku South America. Nthawi yomweyo, kwa okonda mafilimu ambiri owopsa adzayamba kumva kuti mitundu ina ya ma piranhas ndi herbivores. Ndipo mwa mitundu yakudya ya nsomba zamtunduwu, zitatu zokha kapena zinayi zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa anthu.

Chakudya chachikulu cha ma piranhas ndi zovunda, ndipo sikuti ndizovunda zilizonse mu bikini. Ngati mimbulu imatchedwa kuti nkhondoyi, ndiye kuti nsomba zomwe zimachita bwino ndi nsomba zomwe zimatchedwa kuti "mitsinje". Chilichonse chakufa chimatsukidwa ndi iwo ndipo sichimasokoneza madzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa cadaveric. Ngakhale ma piranhas oopsa kwambiri amasankha mtembo, osasala nyama yamoyo.Ndipo munthu "wokonda kudya" akayamba kuyendayenda pagulu la ankhola ankhondowo, osaka mchenga amakonda kusaka nyama yaying'ono. Nthawi zambiri nthumwi zaufumu wa nsomba zimavutika ndi mano, ngakhale madzi am'madzi ngakhale mbalame zomwe zimakhala pamadzi zimapezekanso.

Sikuti mitundu yonse ya ma piranama ndi "trifles" kukula kwa kanjedza. Ena amakula mpaka theka la mita kukula. Mbali yodziwika bwino ku banja lonse la piranha ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka nsagwada ndi malo amano. Mano owongoka kwambiri a nsomba'zi, akakuluma, amakwana bwino kwambiri kuti mdaniyo asamalume nyama ya wozunzidwayo, koma amawudula. Chofanizira kwambiri ndi lumo kapena zipper zovomerezeka pazovala. Komanso, ma piran onse amadziwika ndi "ntchito" yogwirizanitsidwa mwachilengedwe. Pakakhala kuukira, nsomba iliyonse imaluma ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayambiranso "mnzake". Zotsatira zake, ngakhale nyama zazikulu, monga tapir, amazidulira mafupa m'nthawi yake.

Chodabwitsa chachikulu kwa mafani a nkhani zowopsa chidzakhala chakuti m'mbiri yonse yamakono ku South America, palibe mlandu umodzi wokhudza kufa kwa anthu kuchokera mano a piranha womwe udalembedwa. Nkhani zambiri zachinyengo za m'magazi am'madzi zimatha kumveka kuchokera kwa asodzi akumaloko. Ndipo asodzi, mukudziwa, amakonda kukokomeza pang'ono ndikuchita pang'ono mdziko lililonse komanso ku kontinenti iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, titayang'anitsitsa zavuto lalikulu la 1976, zofunikira zinavumbulutsidwa ku Brazil: kenako basi yodzadza ndi anthu idagwera mumtsinje wakuya, pafupifupi anthu makumi anayi adamwalira. Mitembo yawo idadyedwa ndi ma piranhas, ndipo ma ambulansi adalimbikitsa anthu omwe amadana nawo. Koma kufufuzira kwa omwe adapulumuka ochepa adawonetsa kuti kutuluka mu basi, sanawone ma piranhas ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, sanawukire. Ndipo basi idakwezedwa pamwamba patangopita maola ochepa ngozi itachitika, mokulira mwanjira inayake kuthekera kwa kulumidwa kwa ma piranhas komwe adapeza kunali kotsala pamitembo.

Koma osanyalanyaza sewero la mano akuthwa. Kuukira kwa Piranha kwa anthu osaphedwa kumachitika ndi chiwopsezo chowopsa. Nthawi zambiri, ovutikawa amatha ndi kuluma kawiri kawiri, koma pali milandu yambiri yodziwika ya piranha, yomwe idapangitsa kuvulala kwakukulu. Mu 2013, anthu opitilira 60, kuphatikiza ana asanu ndi awiri, adavulala pagombe lamtsinje ku Argentina chifukwa cha zipolopolo za anthu ambiri zomwe zidawawonongera. Ambiri adagonekedwa m'chipatala, ena mwa omwe adazunzidwawo adalumidwa ndi phalanges zala zawo m'manja kapena pamapazi. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe amati kuwukira kumeneku kunali kutentha kwambiri. Kuti mudziteteze ku ma piranhas, kwenikweni, muyenera kuwunika nyengo ndi nyengo zosintha. Pakutha kwa Amazon ndi mitsinje ina yayikulu, malo osakira a piranaka amakula kwambiri. Nsombazo zimalandira chakudya chochuluka, makamaka chifukwa cha mitembo ya nyama zapamtunda zomwe zagwidwa munyengo yomweyo. Ndipo munthawi yakutentha ndi chilala, pomwe ma piranamu ambiri agwidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe ikuwonongeka, palibe amunawo omwe angayende mwachisawawa m'madzi amatope.

Malinga ndi ovomerezeka a mtundu wapaulendo, ma piranhas amawoneka magazi. Moyo wokhala m'matope a Amazon amaphunzitsa mtunduwu kudalira makamaka kununkhira, chifukwa chake amatha kununkhira magazi m'madzi m'chiyerekezo cha miliyoni ndi theka. Ndipo chakuti piranhas imakhala yolusa nthawi yomweyo sizodabwitsa: nyama zonse zimagwirizana ndi magazi, ngakhale ng'ombe yovulala imatha kuchita zosayenera pakuwona magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, omwe amadyera ma piranas amadwala. Ndi za asodzi. Ayi, ma piranas asabwezere mwadala anthu okhala ndi ndodo za usodzi. Koma pochotsa piranha yolowetsedwa mu mbedza, mutha kutaya chala chanu mosavuta. Ngakhale nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndikuponyedwa kumtunda zimatha kutsamira mano kwa wolakwayo pang'onopang'ono. Koma nyama yawo imawonedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, ndipo daredevils, atakana kukayikira, amathamangira ndi magiya kumapiri a mitsinje yaku South America.Pecanha yosayenda ya piranha pafupi ndi mbedza yopanda kanthu, mumangoyikoka m'madzi, yoyendetsa kayendedwe.

Piranhas ndi zimphona zochokera m'mafilimu owopsa komanso nkhani zowopsa, okhala ochepa amwazi wamadzi a Amazon ndi mitsinje ina ku South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za iwo? Mwina palibe. Kupatula apo, kudziwa zonse kumangokhala mtundu umodzi wokha - piranha yokhazikika, yomwe idadzipangira mbiri yabwino.

Banja la Piranha lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 60 ya nsomba. Ndipo, chodabwitsa kwambiri, ambiri a iwo ndi mankhwala azitsamba, iwo samadya chakudya chanyama. Kukula kwa piranhas kutengera mitundu, zipatso za carnivores nthawi zambiri zimafika 30 cm, ndipo anzawo omwe amapanga masamba amatha kulemera kwambiri ndikukula kupitirira mita imodzi kutalika. Colouring chimatanthauzanso zamtunduwu, koma zochulukirapo zasiliva, ndipo zimayamba kuda ndi zaka. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi maamondi komanso okwera, kukakamizidwa pambuyo pake. Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zodya nyama ndi mitundu yambiri ya piranhas yomwe imatha kudya nyama kapena mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'njira. Zomera zamtchire, Amazon ndi amtundu wake ochulukirapo azomera zosiyanasiyana, samanyoza nsomba ndi mtedza, mbewu zomwe zimagwera m'madzi.

Mapangidwe a chibwano

Piranha imadziwika ndi zida zodabwitsa za nsagwada, zomwe, mwina, sizimafanana ndi chilengedwe. Chilichonse chimaperekedwa mmenemo zazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri. Mano okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika atatu ndi kukula kwake kwa 4-5 mm, lamellar ndi lakuthwa, ngati lumo, amapindika pang'ono. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azitha kusiyanitsa mnofu wa womenyedwayo, ndikung'amba nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, mano kumtunda ndi m'munsi amatha kulowa muzoyipa mukatseka nsagwada, ndikupanga kupanikizika kwambiri. Ichi chimalola ma piranhas kuluma mafupa. Ikatsekedwa, nsagwayo imatseka ngati msampha. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi asayansi, mphamvu yakuluma ndi 320 Newtons ndipo ilibe fanizo mu nyama. Nsagwada za piranha zimapanikizika pafupifupi 30 kulemera kwake zikalemedwa.

Kodi piranhas mumakhala kuti?

Awa ndi anthu okhala m'madzi oyera ku South America. Chigwa cha Amazon chili ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu amadzi onse abwino, mtsinjewu uli ndi nsomba zamitundumitundu. Piranhas amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo ndipo ndi nkhani zambiri za nthano zambiri za anthu akumaloko. imagwira madera ambiri, ambiri amakhala a Brazil, koma kupatula izi, Ecuador, Colombia Bolivia ndi Peru. Piranhas amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi mitsinje ina, malo omwe amakhala kudera la South America ndi akulu kwambiri.

Posachedwa, nsomba iyi yatchuka kwambiri pakusunga ndi kuswana kwanyumba. Piranha mu aquarium imakula pang'ono kuposa kukula komwe kumadziwika mwa chilengedwe, ndipo imataya pang'ono ukali. Chodabwitsa, ndi mawonekedwe owopsa ngati amenewa, amakhala amantha m'malo osungika ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisala m'malo obisalamo.

Nsomba zonse za piranha zimalumikizana mu banja limodzi ndipo zimagawika, malinga ndi gulu la zoological, m'mabanja atatu apansi.

Myelina Subfamily

A Myelins ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri, amagwirizanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu 32. Awa ndi ma piranhas (chithunzi) chopanda mankhwala. Nsomba zimadya zakudya zam'mera. Kupaka utoto ndizosiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kakhalidwe, pambuyo pake kakanikizidwa komanso kukwera. Mwa achichepere, mtunduwu ndi wachitsulo siliva, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amachititsa kuti mtundu wamtundu wa chokoleti uzikula. Masikelo kuyambira 10 mpaka 20 sentimita. Oimira ambiri amtunduwu amaŵetedwa m'malo osambira nyama. Afunika madzi ambiri ndi malo okwanira pogona, popeza ndi nsomba yamanyazi. Aquarium piranha kuchokera ku myelin subfamily amamva bwino pa kutentha kwa madigiri 23-28, ndipo zakudya za tsiku lililonse ziyenera kuphatikizapo saladi, kabichi, sipinachi, nandolo ndi masamba ena.Mitundu ina imadyanso mtedza mwachilengedwe, ikuphwanya chipolopolo cholimba ndi nsagwada zawo zamphamvu.

Subfamily Catoprionins

Nsomba izi, zofanana ndi piranha wamba komanso kukhala m'bale wake wapamtima, mu chakudya chake chachikulu (60%) zimakhala ndi zakudya zam'mera, ndipo 40% okha ndi nsomba zochepa. Koma mukufunikirabe kukhala osiyana ndi nsomba zina, apo ayi zing'onozing'onozi zidzadyedwa, ndipo zazikuluzo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chotsala ndi zipsepse zowonongeka komanso zopanda mamba. Monga chakudya chamagulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito shrimp kapena nsomba, mawwwins, ndi ndiwo zamasamba - sipinachi, letesi, nettle ndi zina zamasamba.

Subfamily Serrasalmins

Awa ndi omwe amadyera mwankhanza kwambiri, nyama zamtunduwu zimayimiriridwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha ndi mitundu 25. Onsewa amadya nyama: nsomba, nyama, mbalame. Kukula kwa ma piranhas a Serrasalmin subfamily kumatha kukula mpaka 80 masentimita, mpaka kufika kulemera mpaka 1 kg. Izi ndizowopsa kwa nyama (osatchula nsomba), zomwe kukula kwake kungathe kupitilirapo kangapo, koma izi sizimayima piranha. Maonekedwe a nyama zolusa zazing'onozi ndizowopsa: zimawonekera kwambiri ndipo ndizowongoka pang'ono, maso ndi otseguka, mawonekedwe ozungulira owoneka ndi mawonekedwe. M'madziwe, amakonda kusunga m'matumba, koma akaukira mnzake, amadziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake sitinganene kuti awa ndi nsomba zogwirizana kwambiri. Piranhas amatenga kayendedwe m'madzi, izi zimawakopa chidwi. Wina akapeza wovutitsidwa, ena onse amathawira pamalowo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali malingaliro a akatswiri a zoology kuti piranhas amatha kupanga mawu, potumizirana chidziwitso. Paketi ya ma piranha imatha kusiya mafupa okha kuchokera ku nyama mphindi zochepa.

Zambiri zomwe zimatha kumva magazi ali kutali ndi wolakwiridwayo ndizowona. Nsomba za Piranha zimakhala m'madzi amatope a Amazon, ndipo ndizachilengedwe kuti adayenera kuzolowera kukhala malo osawoneka bwino, chifukwa chake - fungo lokhala bwino. Piranha amatulutsa magazi, ichi ndi chisonyezo cha mawonekedwe a womenyedwayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, samanyoza mitembo ngakhale abale awo odwala kapena ofooka. Kwa nyama ndi anthu, ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe imakhala pachiwopsezo chenicheni.

Piranha wamba

Woimira wodziwika kwambiri yemwe kucheza kwawo sikumatha ndi Piranha wamba. Kutalika kwa mtundu wamtunduwu kumatha kufika masentimita 30, koma kwenikweni ndi kukula kwa kanjedza la munthu. Ma piranhas wamba (chithunzi cha nsomba pansipa) ali ndi siliva wobiriwira ndipo amakhala ndi malo ambiri akuda thupi lonse, pamimba pamiyeso ali ndi mawonekedwe apinki. Amakhala m'matumba a anthu pafupifupi zana limodzi.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma piranhas wamba adadziwika kwambiri pakusamalira nyumba. Mikhalidwe ya Aquarium imathandizira kuchepetsa mkwiyo. Koma aquarium imafunikirabe ina yosiyana.

Piranha wakuda

Ichi ndi mtundu wina wochokera ku Serrasalmina subfamily, wodziwika kwambiri mwachilengedwe komanso wotchuka pakubereka kunyumba. Habitat - ndi Orinoco. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mawonekedwe a diamondi, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wakuda, wakuda ndi siliva. Mu nsomba zazing'ono, pamimba pamakhala utoto wachikasu. Piranha yakuda ndi mdani wopatsa chidwi, chilichonse chimakwanira chakudyacho: nsomba, arthropods, mbalame kapena nyama zogwidwa mwangozi m'madzi. Zakudya zopanda pake zoterezi zidawapangitsa kuti azikula kwambiri ku Amazon. Ngakhale kupsa mtima kwamtunduwu ndi kotsika kuposa piranha yofanana. Aquarium ya nsomba zotere imafunika lalikulu, lopitilira 300 malita. Chovuta kuswana ndikuvutitsa kwa ma piranhas poyanjana. Kubelekanso ndikotheka ngati oyimira m'madzi am'banja akudya moyenera, ndi chakudya chochuluka cha nyama, amakhala onenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kukhala cholepheretsa mawonekedwe a ana. Mu chithunzi - piranha wakuda.

Bodza loyamba: ma piranhas amawukira munthu

Ndizovuta kwambiri kuweruza izi, chifukwa zomwe amatsutsazi ndizotsutsana kwambiri.Asayansi ambiri ndi akatswiri odziwa zinyama omwe anatha chaka chimodzi ku Amazon sanawonepo vuto, kuwonjezeranso iwowo, podziika pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kuyeserera, adasamba m'madzi amatope a mtsinje, pomwe adakumana ndi mphindi zingapo m'mbuyomu, koma sanatero kutsatira.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, panali mphekesera za basi yokhala ndi anthu am'deralo omwe adakwera mgalimoto imodzi ya Amazon, ndipo onse omwe adakwera amadyedwa ndi ma piranhas. Nkhaniyi idachitikadi mu 70s ya zaka zapitazi, okwera 39 adamwalira, koma m'modzi adatha kuthawa. Malinga ndi mboni zowona, matupi a omwe adachitidwawo adawonongeka ndi ma piranhas. Koma kuweruza ngati kuwukira kumeneku komanso ngati kuyambitsa kufa sikungatheke.

Pali magwero odalirika amaluma pagombe la Argentina pomwe woyamba kuukira nsomba. Koma izi zinali zochitika zapadera. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama akuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti piranhas, yomwe imayamba kutuluka nyengo yotentha, imamanga zisa m'madzi osaya. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe a nsomba awa ndi achirengedwe: adateteza ana awo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma piran ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama pakagwa chilala, pomwe madzi am'mitsinje afika ochepa, omwe amakhudza chakudya chawo: chakudya chochepa. Okhala m'deralo amadziwa za izi ndipo salowa mumtsinje panthawiyi. Nyengo yabwino kwambiri ndiyo nthawi yamvula pomwe mitsinje ikusefukira.

Bodza lachiwiri: kuukira kwa piranhas m'matumba

Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudzana ndikuvutitsa koopsa kwa gulu lonse, zonsezi zimatulutsidwa ndi mafilimu ambiri. M'malo mwake, anthu akuluakulu samayenda posaka nyama mumtsinje, amaima malo amodzi, nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya. Nsombayo ikudikirira nyama yake, ndipo nyamayo ikangoonekera, piranha imapita kumalo oyenera. Atakopeka ndi phokoso komanso fungo la magazi, ena onse amathamangira komweko. Piranhas amasonkhana m'mathumba osakira nyama, koma kuti adziteteze kwa mdani - monga asayansi ambiri akukhulupirira. Zingawonekere, ndani angawavulaze? Komabe, ngakhale nsomba yolusa imeneyi imakhala ndi adani. Piranha, akusanyika m'magulu, amadziteteza ku ma dolphin amtsinje omwe amadya, ndipo kwa anthu ndi osavulaza komanso ochezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa adani achilengedwe a piranhas ndi arapaim ndi caimans. Yoyamba ndi nsomba yayikulu, yomwe imayesedwa ngati chinthu chamoyo. Ndi masikelo ake odabwitsa, olemetsa, amaopseza piranha. Nsomba zomwe zimachitika zokhazokha, nthawi yomweyo zimagwidwa ndi arapaima. Caimans ndi oimira ochepa a gulu la Crocodile. Akatswiri a zaumoyo adazindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'madzi izi kumatsika, kuchuluka kwa ma piranizi mumtsinjewo kumawonjezeka.

Bodza lachitatu: ma piranhas amapezeka m'malo osungira ku Russia

Zomwe zidachitika zidachitikadi, koma izi ndi chifukwa cha kukonda kwa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi, kapena kuyambitsa dziwe. Mulimonsemo, kuda nkhawa pachabe. Ngakhale ma piranhas amatha kusinthana ndi mikhalidwe ili yonse, chofunikira kwambiri pakupezeka kwawo bwino chimakhalabe chofanana - nyengo yotentha ndi madzi (mkati mwa madigiri 24-27), zomwe sizingatheke m'dziko lathu.

Zachidziwikire, ma Piranawo ndi owopsa komanso owopsa, komabe nkhani zokhudza iwo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonjezereka komanso zachidziwikire. Nzika zaku South America zidaphunzira kukhala moyandikana ndi ma piranhas ndipo mpaka adawapangira chinthu chodziwedza. Zachilengedwe sizinapangire chilichonse chopanda ntchito: ngati mimbulu, ndiye kuti piranhas imagwiranso ntchito m'matupi amadzi.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Piranha wa red-bellies (lat. Pygocentrus natt audi kale, Serrasalmus nattereri ndi Rooseveltiella natt audi) adafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1858 ndi Kner.

Pali mkangano wambiri pazina lachi Chilatini ndipo zikuwoneka kuti lisintha, koma pakadali pano takhazikika pa P. nattereri.

Amakhala ku South America: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador ndi Uruguay.Miyoyo ku Amazon, Orinoco, Parana ndi mitsinje ina yaying'ono.

Amakhala m'mitsinje, m'misasa, m'mitsinje yaying'ono. Komanso m'madziwe akuluakulu, m'madziwe, m'nkhalango mudadzaza ndi zigwa. Amasaka m'matumba a anthu 20 mpaka 30.

Amadya chilichonse chomwe chimatha kudya: nsomba, nkhono, mbewu, ma invertebrates, amphibians.

Kugwirizana

Funso ndiloti ngati piranha imatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, mwinanso wotsutsana kwambiri. Ena amati izi nzosatheka, ena amazipeza ndi nsomba zochepa kwambiri.

Mwachidziwikire, zonse zimatengera zinthu zambiri: momwe madzi am'madzi ndi okulirapo, mbewu zingati, magawo am'madzi, kuchuluka kwa anthu, chikhalidwe chawo, momwe amadyetsa ndi ena ambiri.

Ndikosavuta kusunga ndi mitundu yayikulu: paketi yakuda, kuyimba catfish, plecostomy, pterygoplychitis. Awiri omaliza amakhala bwino ndi iwo, popeza amakhala m'munsi, komanso otetezedwa ndi mafupa.

Mutha kuyesa nsomba zina, koma nayi mwayi. Ma piran ena samakhudza aliyense kwa zaka, ena ....

Imachitika m'magawo onse amadzi. M'madzi okwanira malita 150, palibe nsomba imodzi yokha yomwe ikhoza kusungidwa. Poganizira kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge ma piranamu m'matumba a anthu 4, kuchuluka kwa paketi kotere ndikofunikira kuchokera ku malita 300 kapena kupitilira apo.

Osaneneka zokwanira, ali ndi manyazi, ndipo kuti awapangitse kukhala omasuka, amafunikira malo am'mizinda momwe angabisalire. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito driftwood kapena zinthu zina zokongoletsera, chifukwa mbewu zimatha kuwonongeka.

Chofunikira kwambiri pazopezeka nthawi zonse ndimadzi oyera. Yang'anani zammonia ndi nitrate zomwe zimachitika mlungu uliwonse ndi mayeso; sinthani madzi sabata iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira kuti thanki ikhale ndi fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu ndikusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti amawonda kwambiri akamadya, komanso kudya zakudya zama protein zomwe zimavunda msanga.

Zosefera zimayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo zizichita pafupipafupi kuposa momwe zimagwirira ntchito ena. Njira yabwino yodziwira kuti nthawi ikakwana ndiyesanso.

Musaiwale kuti mukatsuka zosefera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera pansi pamadzi!

Chofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zili (komanso zosangalatsa!) Ndikuwonetsetsa. Penyani ziweto zanu, phunzirani, mumvetsetse ndipo pakapita nthawi simudzafunikiranso kuziwopa. Mudzaona mavuto onse koyambira.

Piranha mu aquarium: okhutira, kutsutsana, kuwunika kwamavidiyo

Ndondomeko, banja: haracin.

Kutentha kwamadzi: 24-26 ° C.

Zovuta: 100% mwankhanza.

Kugwirizana: pitilizani bwino.

Malangizo othandiza: Nsomba ndi nthano, nsomba yowopsa yomwe imayambitsa mantha mwa anthu. Mwachilengedwe, piranha ndiowopsa, koma abale ake am'madzimo adasinthasintha modekha komanso mopanda kupsa mtima. Koma pazifukwa zina anthu amawopa izi samasowa. Pomwe Piranha Paku adayamba, - chisangalalo ndi kusangalatsidwa pakati pa abwenzi ndi alendo kunali kugontha. Koma ngakhale ndikhulupirire zochuluka motani, palibe amene amalimba mtima kuyika dzanja lake mu aquarium: wopinya:

Amakhala m'mitsinje komanso m'malo osungira madzi ku South America. Kukula masentimita 30. Ndipo zina.

Adani a Piranha ali ndi zida kumano. Mano ake ndi a lamellar komanso lezala-lakuthwa. Nsagwada za Piranha zimakhala zamphamvu, wachikulire amatha kuluma kudzera mumtengo.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma piranhas a aquarium amasiya kukwiya, koma akhalebe ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mutha kutsitsa dzanja lanu mosabisa mu piranha aquarium.

Mu malo osungirako zinyama, ma piranan amatha kuyanjana ndi mamembala ena a banja la haracin. Piranhas ndi gulu la nsomba zam'madzi, motero ndikwabwino kuti zizisungidwa mu gulu la nsomba 5-8 zofanana komanso zam'badwo.

Kuchuluka kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala osachepera 150 malita.

Magawo am'madzi otonthoza pazinthuzi: kuuma 12-16, pH 6-7, kutentha kwa madzi 24-26 ° C. Aeration ndi kusefera ndizothandiza.

Aquarium ili ndi dothi komanso pobisalalira driftwood, lalikulu grottoes tchire lalikulu la mbewu.

Mu aquarium, ma piranhas amakhala nthawi yayitali pafupifupi zaka 10-12.

Piranhas amadyetsedwa: nyama, squid fillet kapena nsomba zam'nyanja.Ndikulimbikitsa kudyetsa mtima wa ng'ombe (osati mafuta, zakudya, osati okwera mtengo) - idyani ndi bang.

Makamaka "magulu ankhondo ozizira" amadyetsa ma piranhas ndi nsomba zotsika mtengo zam'madzi: ma guppies, malupanga, "Goldfish", ndi ena.

Kudyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium ziyenera kukhala zolondola: zoyenera, zosiyanasiyana. Lamulo lofunikira ili ndiro chinsinsi chakusamalira bwino kwa nsomba iliyonse, kaya ikhale guppies kapena astronotuses. Nkhani "Zambiri komanso zochuluka bwanji zodyetsa nsomba za ku aquarium" imakamba izi mwatsatanetsatane, imafotokoza mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya komanso kayendedwe ka nsomba.

Munkhaniyi, tawona chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - kudyetsa nsomba sikuyenera kukhala kolemetsa, zonse zowuma komanso zokhala ndi moyo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira za zokonda za nsomba zomwe, ndipo, kutengera izi, zikuphatikiza muzakudya zake zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri kapena mosiyanasiyana ndi zosakaniza zamasamba.

Zakudya zotchuka komanso zotchuka za nsomba, kumene, ndizakudya zowuma. Mwachitsanzo, ora lililonse ndi kulikonse komwe mungapeze masamba azakudya zamakampani a Tetra - mtsogoleri wa msika waku Russia, kwenikweni kuvomerezedwa kwa chakudya cha kampaniyi ndizodabwitsa. Tetra "nkhokwe" ya Tetra imaphatikizapo chakudya cha mtundu wina wa nsomba: golide, ma cichlids, loricaria, guppies, labyrinths, arovans, discus, ndi zina zambiri. Tetra adapanganso zakudya zapadera, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera utoto, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena kudyetsa mwachangu. Zambiri pazakudya zonse za Tetra, mutha kupeza patsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo - Pano .

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mukagula zakudya zouma zilizonse, muyenera kuyang'anira tsiku lomwe zimapangidwa ndi moyo wa alumali, musayese kugula chakudya cholemera, komanso kusunga chakudya pamalo otsekedwa - izi zithandiza kupewa kukula kwa zomera zam'mera mu izo.

Nkhani Zamkati

Izi nsomba zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse. Mukasungidwa mu aquarium, palibe mavuto apadera. Koma musanayambe, ndibwino kuti muzichita nsomba zosavuta. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti piranha ndi nyama yayikulu yolusa. Ngakhale pogwira ntchito m'madzi, muyenera kusamalira mwapadera. Kuyika nsomba, mutha kuvulala koopsa.

Zojambula za piranha.

Piranhas ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya nyama zodwala kapena zovulala, ndiye kuti, zimakhala ngati ziwalo zapansi pamadzi. Amtundu wa characinids aku America, amaphunzitsa nsomba zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu monga mahatchi ndi ng'ombe zamphongo, komanso ng'ona.

Zitha kuwoneka ngati ng'ona yokhala ndi khungu loyipa lotere limatha mantha ndi nsomba yaying'ono . Likukhalira kuti ali ndi zovuta zina pomwe ma piranha amatha kumamatira. Mwachitsanzo, mbali yakumunsi ya paws. Gulu la piranha vulgaris limadyedwa ndi nyama pasanathe mphindi zochepa, lolemera pafupifupi 50 kg. Nsomba zimatha kukhala zowopsa kwa anthu. Chizindikiro cha kuukira ndicho kupezeka kwa magazi m'madzi, fungo lomwe iye amanunkhira kwa mamitala angapo.

Kuwopsa kwa ma piranhas kumadalira kwambiri nthawi yazaka, nthawi zambiri amadya nsomba zazing'ono ndi zovunda, samvera chidwi ndi anthu komanso nyama. Kusiyana kwake kumachitika pamene nyama yovulala ilowa mumtsinje. Amasilira kununkhira kwa magazi m'matumba. Kuchokera nyama yovulala palibiretu mphindi imodzi.

Piranha Namwino Wotchire

Madzi osefukira, adafalikira kudera lonselo ndikudya, ndikukhazikika ndikunyowetsa nyama. Mtundu wa madongosolo m'nkhalango. Madzi osefukira ku Brazil siachilendo, pomwe madzi amatha kukwera mpaka 15 metres. Mitengo yaying'ono imathera m'madzi limodzi ndi akorona. Mitundu ina yowuma ya piranhas imadya zipatso za mitengo, kwinaku ikupereka mbewu kumtunda. Chifukwa chake, piranha ndi gawo lofunikira mwachilengedwe ku Brazil.

Komwe kunali dzulo, maboti amayandama ndipo ana akusambira, ndipo ndi mfulu kwathunthu.Alendo amayenda m'madzi. Nayi idyll yotere. Kuphatikiza apo, piranha ndichakudya cham'deralo. Alendo amagwira ma piran pa ndodo yosodza, ndipo eni ngakhale ukonde. Komanso, popanda njira zapadera zotitetezera. Pa YouTube, ndakhala ndikuwona kanema pamutuwu. Piranha yolowera chakum'mawa imakuluma chala cha asodzi. Koma mwanjira ina adaibatula, nkukulunga chala ndi chida chothandizira band, ndipo tiye tizipitilizabe, ngati kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika.

Ndiye pano, wina ndani akudya ndani? Amwenye amderali ali ndi chikhalidwe chachilendo; amatsitsa anthu awo omwe adafa mu mtsinje, womwe kale unkaseweredwa ndi netiweki yayikulu. Ndipo kenako amatulutsa mafupa, kuwakongoletsa ndi nthenga ndikuwasunga m'nyumba. Nayi chidziwitso cha kudyetsa wina ndi mzake.

Momwe piranha imachitikira mukakhala chilala

Khalidwe la ma piranhas limasinthika modabwitsa pakagwa chilala . Mitsinje imatsalira mu mitsinje, ndipo m'malo omwe kusefukira kwamadzi kumakhala madamu osiyana ndipo ngakhale maenje omwe nsomba, ma dolphin, mitsinje, nyama zina. Poyamba, ma piranas amadya zamoyo zonse zomwe zili dziwe lawo, kenako amatha kuukirana. Pakakhala chilala, piranha imakhala yankhanza kwambiri, ndipo kuyandikira pafupi ndi madzi kumakhala koopsa. Piranha ali ndi njala kwambiri ndipo amatha kumamatira m'chifuwa cha nyama yomwe yasankha kumwa. Ngakhale nyalugwe amaopa nsombazi, koma amachita mosamala komanso ndizosangalatsa. Akuyandikira dziwe ndikuponya madziwo mwakachetechete, ndipo madzi akayamba kusoka kuchokera ku chinsombacho, amadumpha pang'ono motsatira mbali ndikumwa madzi modekha. Nayi pussy yochenjera kotero.

Kanema: Piranha Wotumiza Wofanana

Piranha (Pygocentrus) Muller & Troschel, 1844

Piranha kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha guarani amatanthauza "nsomba zokwiya."

Dongosolo: Characiformes.
Banja: Characidae.
Subfamily: Piranha (Serrasalminae).
Chingwe: Piranha (Pygocentrus).

Mitundu: imaphatikizapo mitundu inayi ya Piranha weniweni.

Mbiri

Amadziwika kuti ndi wadyera wosasunthika, wokhoza kuthyola mnofu wake mosavuta komanso wowopsa kwa nyama iliyonse yolowa m'madzi, Piranha wokhala ndi mutu wodziwika kwambiri ndiodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, chiwonetsero cha cholengedwa "chamwazi" ichi chikuchitika m'malo ambiri am'madzi, makanema owoneka bwino aku Hollywood adamasulidwa, ndipo malingaliro akufala pankhani yamalonda yamadzi.

Malinga ndi a Herbert Axelrod (1976), nthano iyi idayamba pomwe Purezidenti waku America Theodore Roosevelt adapita ku Amazonia Brazil mu 1913. Adatsagana ndi atolankhani ambiri, ndipo a ku Brazil adapanga zanzeru zingapo, zomwe akuti Purezidenti akuti "adapeza ndikuwona" mtsinje watsopano, womwe pambuyo pake adamupatsa ulemu. Imodzi mwa misonkho yamtsinje wa Aripuanan idasankhidwa, ndipo mpaka pano imatchulidwanso kuti Rio Roosevelt kapena Rio Teodoro.

Roosevelt atafika pamtsinjewo, kudabwitsidwa kudakonzedwa ndi anthu aku Brazil - chiwembu cha mayadi mazana angapo chidatsekedwa, kwa masabata angapo asodzi adatulutsa mazana a ma piranhas akuluakulu pamenepo ndikuwapatula pamenepo. Adauza Purezidenti kuti iye ndi anthu ake aleke kulowa m'madzi, chifukwa amadyedwa amoyo ndi nsomba zoyipa kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, nkhaniyi idalonjedwa ndi kukayikira, ndiye kuti ng'ombe idayendetsedwa kumeneko. Izi zidayambitsa kulimbana kochititsa chidwi, kolimbana ndi ufulu wokhala ndi "gawo lawo" pakati pama piranhas omwe anali atatidwa. Pambuyo pa chochitikachi, manyuzipepala adadzaza ndi nkhani zazing'ono zowopsa, zokongoletsa, koma padalibe mbiri imodzi yopha munthu ndi ma piranhas atchire.

Malinga ndi zambiri kuchokera pamasamba ambiri komanso mabwalo omwe aperekedwa pamutuwu, kutengedwa kwa ma piranhas ndi abale awo kwachita bwino kwambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana tsopano ilipo, koma ambiri omwe agwidwa kuthengo ndiokwera mtengo komanso sangakwanitse kugula kwa okonda ambiri. Ma piranhas a ku Nutterera, mosiyana ndi iwo, amaweta chifukwa cha malonda; achinyamata opeza ndalama amagulitsidwa motsika mtengo, kwa nsomba zomwe zimafunikira kukonzedwa mwapadera komanso pomaliza mtengo.Kwa okonda, awa ndi okhalamo ambiri m'madzi am'madzi, koma kulingalira mozama ndi kuphunzira ndikofunikira musanagule.

Piranha wa Natterer anali wovuta kudziwa pazifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, Pygocentrus piraya ndi Pygocentrus cariba ali pangozi kumadzi amtsinje uliwonse (San Francisco ku Brazil ndi Orinoco ku Venezuela / Colombia, motsatana) ndipo adatchulapo anthu a morphological. Pygocentrus natt audi, ndiofala kwambiri, ndipo mitundu imatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu amodzi. Mtundu wa nsomba umasinthanso kutengera mtundu wa malo okhala; nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi akuda / madzi amtambo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiirira kuposa omwe amakhala m'madzi oyera kapena oyera.

Ma morphology ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba zachikulire zimatha kusiyanasiyana pamutu ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa malo amdima kapena njira ya mauna kumbali ndi ziphuphu.

Piranhas (Pygocentrus) - kwa mitundu yonse, mikhalidwe yokonza, zakudya komanso kubereka ndizofanana.

Piranha ikufalikira mu malo am'madzi.

Kupambana koswana piranhas makamaka kumatengera maphunziro a wopanga, zomwe mukufuna kunenepa ndi zakudya zapamwamba zapamwamba - magawo a nyama yosakhazikika, mtima wama ng'ombe, squid, nsomba zam'nyanja. Asanakhazikike, yamphongo imakhala yokongola kwambiri. Thupi lake limachita khungu ndipo kunyezimira kwa golide kumaonekera pamenepo.

Kuti mupange piranhas, muyenera kukonzekera nsanja, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhala pafupifupi malita 300 pa nsomba imodzi. The aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi popeti-to-pump, kupanga yotaya ndi kuyeretsa madzi, popeza mu chilengedwe piranhas imayamba madzi. Pafupifupi 5 masentimita wandiweyani amathiriridwa pansi pa pansi pa aquarium, pomwe wamphongo adzakumba dzenje la caviar.

Kutentha kosakanikirana kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 28-30 ° C, pH ndi 6-7. Tsiku lililonse, 25% ya voliyumu yamadzi imasinthidwa ndi madzi abwino okhala ndi magawo omwewo. Zomera zimatha kukhala zopanda mbewu. Izi ndichifukwa choti yamphongo imangobzala “mbewu” pansi pazu. Kutambalala kumatha kuchitika m'madzi omwewo omwe mumakhala nsomba, koma popanda anansi. Milandu ykuswana kwa ma piranas m'matumba ang'onoang'ono amadziwika. Nthawi yomweyo, majakisoni a mahoni anaperekedwa kwa opanga.

Nsomba zimacha pazaka chimodzi ndi theka. Phale kuwonekera. Wamphongo amateteza nkhosayo, ndikwabwino kubzala nsomba zina zisanatulutse. Gawo laling'ono la chisa lomwe ndi mainchesi 20 cm ndi kuya kwa 1-1.5 masentimita ndi nthaka ya m'madzimo, momwe mwamunayo amakumbukira njira yolondola. Kutambalala kumatha kusinthidwa ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa kotala kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera pamodzi kwa kutentha kwa madzi kukhala 26-28 ° C.

Pakutulutsa, piranhas imayimirira pamwamba pa dzenjeli kukumba kapena pansi. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amatha kusesa mazira 3000 ndi awiri a 1.5 mm. Wamkazi umasungidwa pambuyo pofalikira.

Atatulutsa, mkati mwa milungu iwiri, opanga amakonzekereranso. Izi zitha kuchitika kangapo kasanu. Zitatha izi, utoto wowala umasowa ndipo nsomba zimapumira pakubala kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.

Kudyetsa mwachangu.

Patadutsa masiku awiri mutatulutsa, mphutsi zimaswa kwa mazira. Chiwerengero chofunikacho cha iwo ndi chubu chagalasi chokhala ndi mainchesi 10-15 mamilimita chimasamutsidwira ku aquarium yokhala ndi madzi oyera omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo pakungopangika. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi, mphutsi zimasanduka mwachangu ndikuyamba kusambira. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mwachangu amafikira masentimita awiri ndikupeza mtundu wa siliva wokhala ndi mawanga amdima. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, zipsepse za ana zimasanduka zofiira ndipo zimakhala ngati ma piranhas akuluakulu, ochepa.

Chiwerengero cha zipatso za mphutsi ndizokwera ndipo chimafikira 90-95, ndipo ana sabata iliyonse - 75-80 ya kuchuluka kwa mphutsi. Piranhas amadya anthu ovulala ndi ofooka amtundu wawo. M'malo mokakamizidwa, nsomba zazing'ono zimayamba kuukirana. Pofuna kupewa matenda a cannibalism, kuyambira milungu itatu ya zaka, ndikofunikira kupanga ana sabata iliyonse.Kwa Aquarium okwanira lita 100, kachulukidwe kamene kamakhala kovulaza ndi mazana atatu mpaka asanu mwachangu, awiri kwa miyezi iwiri ndipo osapitirira zana kwa miyezi itatu.

Fry nthawi zambiri limayang'anizana, nthawi zina pafupifupi mpaka kudyedwa kwathunthu, mitu yokha imatsalira. Pali kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe kofuna kupulumutsa anthu oyenererana. Kuchokera pazomwe zimadziwika kuti pafupifupi tsiku lililonse anthu ovulala amawoneka pagulu lalikulu la nyama zazing'ono.

Pakukangana, ma piranas amatha kuwonongeka kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba yolumirayo iyenera kuilowetsedwa m'madzi ena. Pambuyo pa masiku 10 mpaka 14, zipsepse ndi minofu imabwezeretseka kwathunthu. Choyeretsera tsitsichi kuti muchiritse mwachangu mabala sichinaphunzirepobe.

Njira zopewera kusungiramo ma piranhas mu aquarium.

Mutha kukwera mu aquarium ndi piranha yathunthu ndi manja anu ndi ntchito. Chachikulu ndikuti kulibe mabala kapena burers m'manja. Komanso, simungathe kuyendetsa nsomba kumalo opapatiza kwambiri, komwe palibe njira yopulumukira. Musaiwale kuti piranhas zowopsa kwambiri ndizomwe zimatulutsa. Zovulala zomwe amodzi am'madzi amakhala nazo nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa poika nsombazi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wapadera wopangidwa ndi waya wofewa kapena twine wakuda.

Chidziwitso: Mitundu ina ya ma piran akhoza kukhala herbivores, komanso yamtendere kwambiri, pomwe azidzadya zakudya zamagulu azitsamba. Mukamasunga nsomba zoterezi, tcherani khutu ndi nsomba zomwe zatsopano kumene. Ma Piranhas amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana kwambiri, makamaka nsomba zazing'ono. Nsomba zatsopano sizingakhale zopanda mtendere, ndipo pakudya, mutha kudula chala chanu mosavuta.

Pakachepera dontho limodzi lamwazi kumadzi, kapena supuni yamadzi momwe nyama idatsukidwira, ma piranas amasintha kwambiri ndikukhala owopsa kwa anthu.

Othandizira m'madzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mahoni kubereketsa ma piranhas ali pachiwopsezo. Mlandu akufotokozedwa pomwe piranha adasiya mano m'maso omwe adagwira mutu wake. Nsomba yokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 20 imatha kulanda chidutswa cha nyama mpaka masentimita awiri kuchokera m'manja mwa munthu wosasamala.

Shibanova Natalya Leonidovna

Zakudya za nsomba.

Zakudya zamasamba (sipinachi, zipatso, nettle, letesi, dandelion), komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya komanso kuphatikiza ndizofunikira pamtunduwu. Pisces - opanga ayenera kupatulidwa asanatulutse! Kenako mudzalani awiriawiri pamalo oyambira. (Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale dothi lakuda ndi mitengo yokwanira). Kupanga kwa mkazi mmodzi kumakhala mazira 600! Zonse zikayenda bwino, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 5-6, mphutsi zimayamba kusambira zokha ndikudya zakudya zazing'ono!

Maonekedwe a Redfin Miles.

Thupi la Mileus wofiyira-bwino amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a disc. Mtundu wake ndi imvi. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala odzala ndi amuna akuluakulu. Amuna ndi owala, amawoneka bwino pachikhalidwe chosiyana ndi mtundu wa utoto. Komanso, mwa amuna, anal fin ndi ubweya wofiyidwa ndi notch, ali ndi ray yotalikira kwambiri.

Popeza nsomba zimatsogolera moyo, ndibwino kuti musankhe ma aquarium osachepera 200 malita. (pa mlingo wa malita 30 amadzi pamunthu aliyense). Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito aquarium kuchokera 100m kutalika. Ubwino wamadzi umakhala wopanda tanthauzo. Koma kuti mukhale motakasuka mudzafunika madzi pa kutentha kwa 25-30 degrees C, pH m'dera la 5-7. Amakonda madzi okhala ndi mpweya, motero muyenera kusamalira othandizira. Ndikofunika kuti muziika anthu osachepera asanu mumadzi amodzi kuti apange gulu la nkhosa.

Kukula kwake

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Imasungidwa yokha mu malo am'madzi, ngakhale Piranhas wamkulu samakonda kusaka nsomba zing'onozing'ono. Amakonda kunena kuti nyama zakutchire P. nattereri zimasaka nyama zosakwanira, koma nthawi zambiri ndi ana okha omwe amapanga magulu. Akuluakulu amapezeka m'magulu aulere ndipo amapangira njira zazikulu, motero, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula gulu limodzi kapena la 5+, lotsatira ndikofunikira.

Magawo Amadzi:

Yesani kusintha 30-50% yama voliyumu ya aquarium sabata iliyonse, komanso khalani osamala kwambiri mukamakonza kapena kusodza, pazifukwa zilizonse, khalani osamala.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi nsomba zam'madzi kuphatikiza nsomba zam'madzi, tizilombo, mtedza, mbewu ndi zipatso. Nsagwada iliyonse imakhala ndi mzere umodzi wamaso akuthwa, opindika atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba kubaya, kung'amba, kupera komanso kupwanya.

Nthawi zina amapha nsomba zomwe zimadwala kapena kufa, zimatha zotsalira kuchokera kumafupa amitundu yayikulu, koma zovuta za nyama zomwe zikugwera m'madzi ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimakhudza kuluma mwachisawawa kapena kuchuluka kwazomwe nsomba zambiri zimatsalira m'madzi ochepa nthawi yayitali .

Mu aquarium a ana aang'ono, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, zonyansa zazing'ono, zokhala ndi shaki, ndi zina zoterezi zimatha kuperekedwa, pomwe akuluakulu amatenga zidutswa za nsomba zamkati, shrimp yonse, mussels, zazikulu zazikulu zam'madzi, etc.

Mtunduwu suyenera kudyetsedwa nyama yazinyama kapena nkhuku, popeza ma lipids omwe ali momwemo sangathenso kumizidwa ndi nsomba ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi komanso ngakhale ziwalo. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe phindu pakudyetsa nsomba monga chamoyo kapena nsomba zazing'ono zagolide, zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ndipo, monga lamulo, sizikhala ndi mtengo wokwanira wathanzi.

Kuonera Zakugonana

Kubzala kwa Redfin Mile:

Zotsatira za kubereka ma Redfin mileus zimatengera chakudya chochuluka komanso chosiyanasiyana pokonzekera kutulutsa. Pofikira malo, ma aquariamu okhala ndi malita osachepera 150 amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dothi lozungulira limadzaza ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe mizu ya msondodzi, hyacinth yam'madzi kapena dothi lofanana ndi miyala yaying'ono ndiyabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera pa awiriawiri kapena atatu amaphatikizidwa mu aquarium imodzi, ndipo payenera kukhala amuna ambiri. Kusangalala kwa nsomba kumadziwika pomwepo kumaso kwamaso - nsombayo imavala mtundu wamtambo wakuda. Chonde cha munthu aliyense ndi mazira pafupifupi 2000. M'pofunika kwambiri mosamala kutentha boma la madzi. Kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 27 digiri C ndi pH 6.5. Komanso, kusefedwa mwachangu ndikofunikira, chifukwa pansi pazachilengedwe Krasnoplavnichny maola amatuluka mumadzi. Pambuyo pamasiku awiri, mphutsi zimayamba kuwonetsa ntchito. Pakatha pafupifupi masiku 7 mpaka 9, mphutsizo zimasanduka mwachangu, zomwe zimatha kusambira komanso kudya zokha. The mwachangu ndi ankhanza, kotero nthawi zambiri muyenera kuwasintha kukula. The mwachangu amadyetsedwa ndi ma rotifers kapena brine shrimp. Zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa zimatha msinkhu wazaka ziwiri.

Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda ana; Amakumba bowo laling'ono lomwe limakonda kuzunguliridwa. Komanso, zikafalikira, zazimuna zazimuna zimateteza "chisa". Pambuyo pofalikira, zazikazi zimafunikira kutulutsidwa.

Maonekedwe a Red Paku.

Thupi lalitali, lathyathyathya lophimbidwa ndi mamba asiliva, mutu waukulu wokhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Thupi lotsika ndi zipsepeko zimapaka utoto wofiira kwambiri. Mzere wakuda wochititsa chidwi umayenda m'mphepete mwa kumapiri. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, piranha ya herbivorous imafuna malo otetezedwa okhala ndi madzi okwanira 200 malita. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imakula mwachangu. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala 26-28 ° C ndi kusefera bwino komanso kuzizira. Mikhalidwe yamadzi: dH = 0-20, pH = 6.0-7.0. Kusintha kwamadzi kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi, mpaka 25-30% pa sabata yonse. Zomera zamapulasitiki zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera, chifukwa nsomba zimadya chilichonse chomera cham'madzi. Mwa zamoyo, ndi ma Javanese moss okha, omwe ndi opanda vuto ndi nsomba zambiri, omwe amatha kupulumuka. Red Paku imafunikira malo osambira okwanira, komanso malo okhala momwe miyala kapena mabatani. Zitha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono kapena zazikulu zazitali.

Kubala Red Paku.

Kusasitsa kumachitika pazaka 2 mpaka 3. Mu malo osungira zinthu zakumadzi, kukula sikumafika 50 cm.Mukamaswana, chakudya chokhacho chofunikira ndi chofunikira. Mukatulutsa, pacu yofiyira imatha kukhala yankhanza. Monga malo owundana, malo akuluakulu okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 150-300 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe maimeredi atatu a 6,6 a ma piranhas (amuna ambiri ndi otheka). Akasangalala, nsomba zimasintha mtundu kukhala wamtambo-wakuda. Chonde ndi mazira pafupifupi 2000 pamphasa. Kutentha kwamadzi kumafunikira madigiri 27. Mwachangu limayamba kusambira ndikudya lokha pafupifupi sabata limodzi. The mwachangu ndi ankhanza, muyenera kuwasintha pafupipafupi kukula kwake. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsedwa ndi artemia ndi ma rotifers.

Mawonekedwe:

Maonekedwe a thupi amapindika pambuyo pake, amakulungika. Mtundu wamtundu wachitsulo wokhala ndi tint yasiliva. Nsomba zamtunduwu zam'madzi zimadziwika ndi maso amtundu wa siliva wokhala ndi vuto lakuda loyera. Mafuta omaliza amakhala okwanira, koma anal fin amakhala ndi yayitali. Zipsepsezi ndizowonekera. Utoto wa kumbuyo umatha kukhala imvi, buluu, bulauni kapena kubiriwira. Mtundu wa m'mbali umasintha malinga ndi kuunikako ndipo umatha kutulutsa mtundu, wabiliu kapena wachikaso. Komanso m'mbali mwa thupi pakhoza kukhala malo owoneka ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala yakuda, kupezekapo kwake komwe kumadalira komwe nsomba inayambira. M'mimba mwayera. Mwa akazi, m'mphepete mwa anal fin ndiowongoka, nsonga ndi yopindika. Amphongo amasiyana ndi wamkazi zazing'ono komanso m'mphepete mwa anal fin, ndipo nthawi yopepuka thupi lonse lamphongo limakhala lofiira golide. Munthawi zachilengedwe, galasi la nsomba limakula mpaka 15 cm, koma mu aquarium kukula kwake kudzakhala kocheperako.

Zomwe zikuchitika mu Metinnis aquarium:

Metinnis vulgaris ndiwansangala komanso nsomba yamanyazi pang'ono. Chifukwa chakuti ikusambira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikasungidwe mu malo osyanasiyana a anthu 7-16. Mutha kukhazikitsa mu malo ambiri am'madzi, koma ndi nsomba zofanana naye. Kwa nsomba zamagalasi, ndikofunikira kusankha aquarium yotsekedwa yokhala ndi malita 200 (mwina ochulukirapo) ndi dothi lakuda. Ndikwabwino kudzaza nsomba m'madzimo ndi zitsamba zolimba, chifukwa nsomba zokhala ndi zofewa zimatha. Kwa zokongoletsera, miyala ndi driftwood ndi yoyenera, pomwe ilibe calcium ndi magnesium popanga. Mphamvu zowunikira kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 0,7 W / l, kuuma kwamadzi mpaka 15 °, kutentha kuchokera 23 mpaka 28 ° C, ndi pH 6.5-7.0. Zakudya za nsomba - pafupifupi 80% ndi chakudya chomera, mwachitsanzo: sipinachi kapena masamba a letesi, dandelions, nettle kapena Brussels, ndipo 20% yotsalayo ikhoza kugawidwa ngati chakudya chamoyo.

Kubereka Metinnis vulgaris:

Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi chimodzi. Monga lamulo, kuwaza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka nsomba (kuuma mpaka 4 °, pH 6.4-7.0, kutentha 26-30 ° С). Pakuswana nthawi zambiri kusankha achinyamata. Kusunga masiku angapo payokha nsomba zingapo, kuwapatsa chakudya chochuluka. Kenako amaikidwa mu malo am'madzi okwanira 200 malita. Ndi zomera zazing'onoting'ono zobzalidwa mmenemo. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimataya mazira 300 mpaka 1000 osapendekeka ndi tinge kakang'ono pang'ono. Atatulutsa, nsomba zimasungidwa kuchokera pa malo omwe amatulutsa. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 4, ndipo masiku 4-7, mphutsi zayamba kale kusambira ndi kudya. Zakudya zoyambirira kwambiri kwa iwo ndi artemia nauplii, thabwa laling'ono, chakudya chongoganiza kapena masamba odula letesi.

Lesina Oksana Alexandrovna.

Kuswana Kwa Red Piranha:

Asanakhazikike, yamphongo imakhala yokongola kwambiri : zakuda, kuwala kwa golide kumaonekera. Kuti muchepetse kufalikira, 25% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi iyenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kutentha kotseguka ndi madigiri angapo. Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi popeti-yopanga, ndikupanga kutuluka (mwachilengedwe madzi amayenera kutuluka). Yaimuna imapanga bowo pansi kuti ikhale caviar, ndipo yaimayi imayima pamwamba pa dzenjelo (imatha kusesa mazira pafupifupi 3000), ikabzala, imabzalidwa.Kutemera kumatha kuchitika pakubzala kapena m'madzimo momwe nsomba zimasungidwira, koma yamphongo imateteza mwamphamvu, motero, kuti tipewe magazi am'magazi, ndibwino kubzala oyandikana nawo. Pakadutsa masiku awiri mutabzala, mphutsizo, pa tsiku la 6 zidzasandukiratu ndi kusambira, ndipo pakatha masiku enanso anayi zimatha kudya crustacean crustaceans kapena mphutsi za Artemia. Mwezi umodzi, mwachangu amafika masentimita awiri ndikupeza mtundu wa siliva. Pakupita miyezi iwiri, zipsepse zimaphwanyikanso, zimakhala ngati ma piranhas ang'ono akulu. Kuyambira kuyambira pa sabata la 3, zaka ziwonetsero zimafunikira kukonzedwa, popeza zimakhala zolimba ndipo zamatsenga zimapangidwa bwino (zazikulu zimadya zazing'ono), zimatha kuluma kwambiri (nsomba zowuma ziyenera kusamutsidwira ku aquarium ina, ndipo zipsepse ndi minyewa zimabwezeretsedwa mu masabata angapo). Akamakula, achichepere amadyetsedwa ndi Daphnia, machubu ndi nyongolotsi zamagazi, pang'onopang'ono kubweretsa nyama ndi nsomba muzakudya. Kuyambira miyezi itatu tengani chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu. Ma piranhas achichepere okhwima pomatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka.

Dzala piranha.

Dwarf piranha (serrasalmus hollandi) ndi wa gulu la anthu aku America otchedwa characides (a genus Serrasalmus- activators . nsagwada yapamwamba imakhala bwino m'miyala pakati pa mano a m'nsagwada yapansi). Utoto wa hollandi ndi siliva, wokhala ndi madontho amdima m'thupi, ma anal fin amakhala odzaza, okhala ndi malire akuda kumapeto kwa ndalama zaudayidi. Ngakhale mulingo wocheperako, hollandi ndiowopsa, komabe ndiwopezerera ena.

Serrasalmus hollandi ndi gulu wamba la nsomba zam'madzi (zimasungidwa bwino ngati nsomba zazikulu za 10-12, chifukwa popanda achibale zimavutikira) Madzi azitha kusefedwa, kuthiriridwa, ndikusinthidwa kwina kwa tsiku ndi tsiku la 10-15% ndi mwatsopano. Imakonda madzi ofewa, acidic pang'ono kapena osalowerera mbali, kutentha kwake ndi 24-26 ° С (kutentha ndi kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ndi kosafunika). Amakhala mwamtendere ndi nsomba zina zokolola (zamkono ndi minga), komabe simuyenera kukhala ndi njala piranhas. Piranhas ndi nsomba zamanyazi, ndiye muyenera kuyika malo am'madzi kutali ndi gwero lamkokomo (ingodinani pagalasi, kuyenda kwakuthwa pafupi ndi aquarium kuti ma piranhas akomoke).

Kawetedwe ka piranha:

Kulera bwino kumadalira zakudya zopatsa thanzi musanakhwime (magawo a nyama yopendekera, mitima, squid, nsomba zam'nyanja). Mosangalala, nsomba zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Kutambalala kumatha kusunthidwa ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 28-30 ° C. Pa kuswana, ndibwino kubzala gulu la nsomba (zazimuna zochulukirapo) pamalo owaza (pafupifupi malita 300). Kuchulukana kumatha kuchitika m'madzi omwewo omwe amakhala ndi nsomba, koma ndibwino kubzala nsomba zina zisanatulutse. Pampu yolimba yamphamvu imafunikira yomwe imayeretsa madzi ndikupanga kutaya, ndikusintha mpaka kotala la voliyumu tsiku lililonse. Dothi lokwanira masentimita 5 limathiridwa pansi pa pansi pa aquarium, momwe champhongo chidzakumba dzenje la caviar (mazira mazana angapo). Chakudya choyambirira cha mwachangu: artemia, pambuyo pake daphnia, machubu ndi magazi. Kuyambira miyezi itatu mutha kusinthira ku chakudya chachikulire. Ndikofunikira kusintha mitundu ya ana kukula kukula, apo ayi ikuluikulu imatha kudya yaying'ono.

Slender piranha.

Piranha - nsomba ya banja la haracin, ndi yafupi yamadzi abwino ndipo amakhala m'mitsinje ya South America.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma piran padziko lapansi, chosiyana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm komanso zikhalidwe zosagawanika. Ngakhale ma angler amadziwa milandu yomwe piranha inkafika masentimita 80 ndipo pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi.Ndipo ngati nthano zoyambirira za zoyipa izi, zoluma zomwe zimakhala ku Amazon, ana owopsa usiku, tsopano ma piranas ndi nsomba za ku aquarium.

Makamaka, mutha kubereka mitundu monga Slim piranha. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi kukula kwa 25-30 cm, thupi lalitali lofiirira lomwe limakhala ndi ulusi wamtambo wakuda m'munsi mwa mchira ndi zikhomo zing'onozing'ono kutalika konse. M'malo azinyama, mosiyana ndi anthu, amuna amakhala ndi khungu lowala kuposa lachikazi. Ndipo Serrasalmus elongatus monga mtundu sichoncho. Piranhas wakucha wazaka zitatu. Ndipo ndikudya nyama, pamimba pamakula msanga. Ngakhale mutha kudyetsa ndi mphutsi ndi ma nyini amwazi, kapena zotsalira za nsomba zakufa. Apa ndikofunikira kukhazikika poti ma piranhas samalabadira nsomba zochepa zomwe zimakhala ngati sizikuvutika ndi njala.

Zofunika kusunga Slim piranhas mu aquarium:

Komabe, mwachilengedwe chake, mtunduwu umakhalabe wadyera, ndichifukwa chake malo apadera amafunikira kuti aliyense wa nsomba izi asungidwe. Piranha mu aquarium amakonda malo akulu, makamaka ngati alipo ochulukirapo. Kwa ma Serrasalmus elongatus, malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 150 amafunikira kale, chifukwa pafupi ndi motere nsomba izi zimatha kuluma wina ndi mnzake, kapena kukhala ankhanza kwa nsomba zina zazikulu. Ndiye chifukwa chake ma piranhas, kuphatikiza onenepa, amasungidwa bwino kwambiri mu malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi madzi komanso madzi osinthika bwino.

Posachedwa muyenera kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi nsomba yanu yolusa Nayi malangizo a akatswiri odziwa ntchito. Popeza piranha ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yankhanza, muyenera kuigwira ndi ukonde wokhala ndi mauna achitsulo. Kuntchito, munthu wamkulu, chifukwa cha nsagwada yakutukuka ndi mano olunjika, sangathe kungonena minofu ndi mitsempha, komanso mafupa ndi timitengo. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kusuntha nsomba, muyenera kusamala.

Ngakhale akatswiri akunena kuti mu aquarium piranhas amasiya kukwiya, ndikuti mutha kugwira nawo ntchito ndi manja anu opanda kanthu. Akasokonekera zachilengedwe amakhala amantha muzochita kupanga. Nsomba sindimakonda zokopa zakunja: mithunzi, phokoso. Ndipo kuwombera pang'ono chala ndi chala pagalasi kumatha kupangitsa kuti kukomoka kwa nsomba kapena mantha aponyere kuzungulira aquarium.

Slender piranhas mu aquarium:

Ngati mukufuna kusodza nsomba zodya nyama, muyenera kukumbukira mfundo zingapo zofunika. Kutulutsa bwino kumachitika bwino mu acidic ndi madzi ofewa, pansi pazinthu zotere, zipatso za mphutsi zimachuluka kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti amphongo, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi umuna wambiri, chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza mwachangu ndikusankhidwa kwenikweni kwa nthawi yakudya masamba. Chofunikira pano ndikuchipatsa chakudya chokwanira (mwachitsanzo, ma rotifers, ndipo, patapita nthawi, nauplii artemia). Kuchulukitsa kwa mwachangu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira, pofika mwezi umafika kutalika kwa masentimita 2-2.5 Ndipo chifukwa chake amafunika malo akulu. Mwachitsanzo, pakukula ana amodzi a ma piranhas, ma aquariamu pafupifupi malita 3500 amafunikira. Zofunikira zina ndizofanana ndi mitundu yonse. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti, kuchuluka kwa asodzi am'madzi omwe akutenga nawo gawo pobereka kubereka ndi kwakukulu. Ndipo izi ngakhale ndizovuta kuzitsimikizira njira yakulera ndi momwe zinthu zikuyenera kukhalira ndi ana. M'masiku akale, Russia idachita bwino kwambiri pamsika wogulitsa piranha. Koma tsopano chipwirikiti chogwiritsa ntchito pamadzi chatsika, ndipo dzikolo lasowa pantchito iyi.

Karleev Sergey Andreevich.

Mbendera (kapena penired) piranha.

Mbendera (kapena penired) piranha Catoprion mento Latin pofanana ndi Serrasalmus mento, Mylesinus macropterus. Awa ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera, yomwe ili m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi zowonera ray, dongosolo la haraciniformes, banja la haracin, la serrasalm subfamily, la genop Catoprion. Zinachitika kuti uyu ndiye yekha woimira mtundu.Thupi lokongola locheperako la piranha ili ndi masikelo otuwa a siliva imakhala yotalika masentimita 10-15. Msinkhu wa nsomba nthawi zambiri umakhala wazaka 10 mpaka 12. Piranha amakhala ku Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, m'chigwa cha Amazon, Rio Negra, Orinoco, Eisekibo.

Maonekedwe a mbendera piranha

Chizindikiro cha piranha mbendera ndi nsagwada yakumunsi, ngati bulldog yaku England. Chochititsa chidwi china cha nsomba iyi ndi malo ofiira owoneka bwino pamatimuwo. Mwapakatikati, piranha iyi imatha kutchedwa kuti coquette: chingwe chakuda pamizu ya mchira, zipsepse zowoneka bwino zooneka bwino kwambiri, zotambalala kwambiri, ndikusinthana kumayendedwe a pigtails owala kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kugonana sikuwoneka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe am'mimba. Kusasitsa kumachitika pazaka 1.5-2.

Mikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba mu aquarium.

Mbendera za mbendera zimawoneka bwino kwambiri mu aquarium. Zoyenera kukonza kwake ndizotsatirazi: malo owerengeka ofunikira amafunikira, kutentha ndi madigiri 23-28, kuuma kwamadzi mpaka 15 °, acidity ndi pH 5-7.2. Tizindikira kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe ka madzi. Kusintha kwamadzi kolimbikitsidwa - osati nthawi zambiri, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kuwala kumakhala pang'ono, dothi - miyala, mchenga, udzu wokhala ndi mizu yotukuka.

Chikhalidwe cha "kukongola" sindimayerekeza. Mu aquarium, piranha mbendera imangowonetsa yemwe ali mbuye mnyumbayo. Nzika zazing'ono zidzadyedwa mosamalitsa pakudya m'mawa, pomwe zazikulu zidzataya zipsepse, mchira wawo ndi gawo la masikelo. Mbendera yosanja ya mbendera yosasunthika ngakhale pang'ono m'miyeso ngakhale mu nsomba zochulukirapo. Kalanga ine, mtundu uwu wa piranha suyenera kukhala pamodzi. Kulimbana ndikotheka pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Ndi mwana wachichepere yekha yemwe amatha kukhala m'matanthwe wamba.

Zakudya za Piranha

Mu chilengedwe piranha Amadya nsomba zomwe amakonda, kapena kuwukira kuchokera kwa omwe abisalira. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, zomwe amadya zimaphatikizanso tizilombo, mbalamezo, mbalame zomwe zimagwidwa ndimadzi, komanso zolengedwa, zolengedwa zapamadzi ndi zaperesi. Mwanjira ina, kulanda piranhas chamoyo chilichonse chitha kukhala chomwe chakopa chidwi cha nyama yolusa ndipo sichikhala ndi nthawi yakuchoka kumadzi. Gulu lililonse piranha nthawi zina pachaka, yang'anani pansi pa mitengo yomwe mbalame zimakhala. Kudikirira moleza mtima kuti mwana wankhukuyo aturuke m'chisa.

Kudyetsa piranhas mu aquarium sizimabweretsa zovuta. Zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatha kukhala ndi fillets za nsomba zamafuta ochepa, magawo a squid, shrimp, ng'ombe, etc. Sangakane nsomba za m'madzi zam'madzi. Chifukwa cha pakhosi lonse komanso nsagwada zotsika, wamkulu piranha popanda kuyeserera kwambiri kumeza nsomba yonse ya sentimita khumi.

Nsomba zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa tsiku lililonse, nsomba zachikulire - tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse, koma pofuna kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, amakonza kudya tsiku limodzi kapena awiri pa sabata.

Popereka chakudya chochuluka, ayenera kuyimitsidwa pa waya. Mukatsitsa chidacho m'malo am'madzi, panthawi yoyamba gulu lonse limathamangira kukatayidwa. Pakapita kanthawi, monga lamulo, munthu wocheperako amasankha kusambira kuti adye ndikuluma kachinthu kakang'onoko. Anthu ena onse atakhutira kuti palibe chilichonse choopsa chomwe chachitikira wachibale wawo, amathamangira limodzi kukadya ndipo pakangopita masekondi palibe chomwe chimatsala.

Nthawi zambiri m'mabuku amatchulidwa piranhas , amanenedwa za kuthekera kwawo kuluma pafupi ndi waya wachitsulo. M'malo mwake, pakudya. piranha khalani osamala kwambiri. Kumva chilichonse chovuta pansi mano piranha Amayesetsa kuluma kachidutswa kakang'ono, ngati izi zalephera, amasiya kuyeserera kuluma kanthu.
Pomumenya piranha amadula ndi mano awo akuthwa ndi lezala, ziwalo zonse zofewa, mafupa, ngati lamulo, amakhalabe opanda vuto. Ngakhale ndichisangalalo, ngakhale nsomba zazikulu zoponyedwa kuti zidyetse, zimatha kudya pakati.

Piranhas monga zilombo zina, amadya mwachangu komanso zosokoneza, kuyesera kudzaza m'mimba mwawo mtsogolo ngati zingatheke. Zidutswa zazing'ono zomwe zimagwera pansi nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa chakudya cha nsomba zidutswa zomwe zimatha kumeza kwathunthu popanda kuthyoledwa.

Kusunga mtundu wofiira mu utoto wa piranhas, ndikofunikira kuti nyama ya shrimp kapena pinki iphatikizidwe muzakudya zawo.

Piranhas - Dimorphism Yogonana

Ma dimorphism ogonana amafotokozedwa pang'onopang'ono: zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna, koma kuti muweruze izi, nsomba ziyenera kukhala zamtundu womwewo ndikukulitsidwa mumikhalidwe yomweyo, zomwe sizingatheke.
Chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri ndi mphako yam'mimba, mwaimuna ikaonedwa kuchokera kutsogolo, imakhala ndi zilembo V, ndipo mwa akazi - mawonekedwe a zilembo U.

Amazir piranha - nthano mu aquarium yakunyumba

Piranha wamba ali ndi mitundu yambiri yamatchulidwe - ofiira, ofiira kapena a Nutterera. Mukayika amodzi mwa mayina awa kunyumba ya piranha, simudzakhala olakwika. Zoyambazo zimapezeka m'malo azisamba okonda zachilendo zaka 65 zapitazo. Anabweretsa dziko lathu mkati mwa zaka zapitazi kuchokera kumadzi a Amazon ndi Orinoco.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a piranha wamadzi amakhala nthawi yakutha msinkhu. Mu chithunzichi, maluwa ochulukira amawonekera bwino kuyambira kuchitsulo kupita ku torso siliva ndi m'mimba ofiira, pakhosi ndi kumat. Nsomba zokhala ndi ubweya wofiyira zimafikira pafupifupi masentimita 30 kuthengo ndi 25 mu aquarium. M'chilengedwe amakhala m'gulu la ziweto. Chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha gulu limodzi ndi michira 20. Zimaphatikizidwa kuti zithandizire kusaka chakudya. Piranhas ndi olusa mwankhanza, motero amasankha wozunza ndikuwukira ndi paketi. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri mwa anthu am'madzi a padziko lapansi.

Ngakhale kuti ma piranasi siovuta kuwasamalira komanso olimba, ndibwino kuwasunga kuti akhale wodziwa ntchito zamasamba. Osanyalanyaza zonena zake zakuthwa komanso kufa kwake. Abwana osadziwa zambiri amatha kumugulira dzino chifukwa chosadziwa komanso osasamala. Palibe chifukwa choti muziika pansi madzi am'madzi ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono.

Piranhas sioyenera malo okhala m'madzi okhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Amakonda kampani yokhala ndi "yawo", koma milandu yomvetsa chisoni siyimachotsedwa pamenepo. Ngati mungayang'ane machitidwe anu, mutha kupeza mtsogoleriyo. Nthawi zonse amakhala woyamba kudya, amatenga malo abwino kwambiri, akuwonetsa kuti ndi ndani yemwe ali ndi malo osungirako nyumba, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, wamkulu koposa. Sizachilendo kuti ziphuphu zichitike pomveka. Zokhumudwitsa ndi cannibalism siziperekedwa. Njira yokhayo yomwe mungayesere kuwononga piranha ndi chipika chakuda, bola ngati izi sizinafike kutha msinkhu ndipo amawonedwa ngati wachinyamata.

Piranha imodzi imakhala m'madzimo, koma ndibwino kuyambitsa anthu angapo nthawi imodzi. Kwa nsomba yayikulu, muyenera kusankha kusamutsidwa koyenera kwa aquarium. Munthu m'modzi amatenga madzi okwanira malita pafupifupi 150, gawo lomweli liyenera kuganiziridwa ngati mungaganize zokhazikitsa nsomba zingapo zosungira. Piranhas ndiwowonekera bwino, ndipo, chifukwa chake, amatulutsa zinyalala zambiri, kotero samalirani chisankho cha fyuluta ndi mphamvu yake. Ophawo achangu akhala akukakhala m'madzi kwa zaka zosachepera 10, izi ziyenera kulingaliridwa musanapange gulu lankhondo.

Zofunika pa madzi:

• 150 malita pa munthu aliyense
• Chifuwa chambiri,
• Madzi oyera ndi zotengera zina tsiku ndi tsiku,
• Fayilo yamphamvu yokhala ndi gawo laosefa.

Yang'anirani mosamala momwe ziweto zimakhalira ndikuchita mayeso pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe zamadzimadzi zamadzi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a aquarium piranhas

Kunja, ma piranas sakhala ofanana ndi nyama zowopsa - powoneka kuti ndi nsomba wamba yamtendere ya banja la carp. Koma kukhalapo kwa mano opindika patatu komanso lumo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zowopsa kwa omwe amakhala nawo m'madzimo.

Mtundu wa achinyamata suwoneka, makamaka iyi ndi mitundu yopapatiza kuyambira imvi yakuda mpaka imvi.Ziboliboli za siliva zimatsutsana ndi maziko oyambira. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda kuposa thupi lalikulu la nsomba, ndipo mchirawo umakhala wolumikizidwa ndi chingwe chakuda. Kukula, ma piran ali ndi utoto kwathunthu wa siliva.

Thupi limakanikizidwa pambuyo pake, limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a disc. Mpaka kutha msambo, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.

Piranha yokhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu ikhoza kutchedwa yosavuta posunga nsomba. Amafuna malo ochititsa chidwi - pafupifupi malita 50 a madzi pa nsomba iliyonse. Komanso, mu aquarium mutha kukhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa piranha, apo ayi, pamene anthu amtundu wina agawidwa pamenepo, mikangano pakati pawo ndiosagawika.

Piranhas salekerera kusinthasintha kwakuthwa m'mizere yamadzi. Moyenerera, madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera, pang'ono acidic, ofewa, odzazidwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 24-26 ° C. Chakudya chachikulu cha ma piranhas ndi nyongolotsi, nyama, nyamayi, komanso amalupanga, zibakera ndi nsomba zina zotsika mtengo. Monga chosungira, mutha kuganizira za mtima, nkhuku ndi ng'ombe.

Kuswana kwa piranhas

Mkhalidwe wofunikira pakubala kwa nsomba ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi akuuma - nsomba imodzi imodzi pa malita 300 amadzi. Kukonzanso kwa kubereka kumatheka mwa kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi, tsiku lililonse kubwezeretsa kotala la madzi mu aquarium ndikuwonjezera kudya kwamadzi amoyo.

Popeza mwasankha kukhala woweta piranha, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata zonse za chitetezo ndikukhwimitsa ufulu wa ana ku aquarium.

Piranha mu aquarium

Nsomba zodyera nyama za piranha nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokongoletsera zam'madzi am'midzi. Kutengera malamulo ena omangidwa, mitundu ina ya ma piranan ikhoza kukhala m'malo otere. Zodziwika kwambiri mwa izo ndi piranha wamba, pak red, metinnis wokhala ndi mwezi komanso metinnis wamba.

Kukhazikitsa malo okhala ma piranhas ndikuwasamalira ali ndi malingaliro ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Choyamba, makulidwe olondola a kutentha ndikofunikira - pamtunda kuchokera +25 mpaka + 28 ° С. Kuti muzisamalira, thermometer ndi chotenthetsera madzi ziyenera kupezeka mu aquarium. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa matenda a nsomba, kuchepa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuwonongeka kwa mtima, ndi zina zambiri.

Ponena za kuchuluka kwa m'madzi am'madzi, pa masentimita 2,5 aliwonse a nsomba mukusowa malita 8 a madzi. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu aquarium amasiya malita 100. Kusowa kwa malo kumakhudza momwe anthu amakhalira - ma piranhas amatha kulumikizana. Ndipo popeza ma piranhas amakonda kubisala, masamba, mitengo yotsekera, nyumba, mapanga ndi pobisalira kuyenera kupezekapo mu aquarium.

Aquarium piranha

Mwina shaki imodzi yokha ndi yomwe ingapikisane nawo mu chiwerengero cha nthano komanso nkhani zomwe nsomba zimatchulidwa. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri ambiri am'madzi, mwayi utapezeka, nthawi yomweyo adapeza lingaliro kuti asunge zolengedwa zoopsa komanso zotchuka kunyumba. Kodi nthano zonsezi zabodza ndizotani za nkhanza zawo, ndipo nkovuta kwambiri kusunga nsomba za piranha aquarium?

Momwe mungadyetse piranhas za aquarium?

Kwa nyama zodya nyama zamtchire izi, nthenga, tinsomba tating'ono, achule, timinofu tosungidwa tansomba, ndi aswankhidwe zimatha kukhala chakudya chabwino. Ndikwabwino kuti musapereke nyama ya piranha, akunena kuti ndiye kuti mtundu wawo ungazirala. Nthawi zina posintha amatha kupatsidwa masamba obiriwira (sipinachi, mbatata yaiwisi, zukini). Osati ma piranhas onse amadzimadzi ali amwazi wamagazi, palinso mitundu ya herbivorous - pacu. Ali ngati ena onse, koma zolengedwa izi zilibe mano owopsa ndipo sizowopsa. Ndiwosangalatsa komanso osankhika modyetsa. Ma piranhas a Aquarium amawoneka okongola mu nyumba yawo yamagalasi, siovuta kuisamalira. Kuchita zosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku, mutha kusangalala ndi mpando wofewa mukamasewera, ndikudziyerekeza muli m'mphepete mwa Amazon.

Ndalama zam'madzi mu aquarium yakunyumba

Kodi mukudziwa kuti anthu a masamba a piranha amakhala m'dziko lathuli? Ndikukapezeka kuti nsomba yamagazi kwambiri ikhoza kukhala yotetezeka kwa anthu ndikuwabweretsanso mwayi!

Common Metinis (siliva, Schreimüller, dola-nsomba, lat. Metynnis argentus) ndi nsomba yodziwika bwino ya banja la a Kharatsin. Amakhala m'madzi a Amazon. Mosiyana ndi piranha (wachibale wapamtima), ndi cholengedwa chamtendere komanso chamanyazi pang'ono. Imakonda nkhokwe zobisika, zimadya zitsamba, ngakhale sizikana chakudya chama protein. Ali ndi mano ang'ono.

Nsomba za Metinis zikusungira anthu okhala m'malo osungira madzi, koma zimasinthasintha mogwirizana ndi malo am'madzi. Kuthengo, kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 15, m'ndende ali ochepa. Osakhumudwitsa oyandikana nawo m'madzimo ndipo musaope nsomba zazikulu. Chifukwa cha thupi lozungulira bwino, lokumbukiranso ndalama zasiliva, adalandira dzina loti "nsomba yonyamula nsomba", "kalilole wa nsomba". Osasunthika kwenikweni pazinthu, motero adzakondweretsa diso la mabanja, ogwira ntchito mu ofesi, alendo omwe amagulitsa masanja.

Maonekedwe ndi okhutira

Thupi la nsombalo limapindika, kenako limakanikizidwa. Dorsal fin imakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Ma Metinis ali ndi zipsepse zowonekera, mwa amuna mchira womalizidwa ndi chithunzi chakuda, ma anal fin ndi chophimba. Mwa akazi, anal fin ndi yowongoka komanso yofiira. Mamba ake ndi ochepa kwambiri, omangika wina ndi mnzake, akumasinthasintha chifukwa chowala pang'ono. Panthawi yophukira, thupi laimuna limakhala ndi mtundu wa golide. Maso a nsomba alinso a silvery, ali ndi mwana wakuda.

Ndikofunika kugula ma metinis angapo nthawi imodzi, chifukwa amaphunzitsa nsomba zomwe sizimakonda kukhala ndekha. Amakhala otakataka, ndipo amatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira khumi.

Zinthu zabwino - nsomba 2-8 mumadzi amodzi. Komabe, samalani ndi nyama zomwe nsomba izi zimatha kudyetsa (metinis amathamangitsa nsomba zazing'ono ndi crustaceans). Osawayika ndi ma guppies, neon, achule, crayfish ndi shrimp.

Kodi metinis imakhala yowoneka bwino mokwanira? Kodi ndizovuta kuzisamalira? Yosavuta ngati ndinu katswiri wazamadzi. Ngati oyamba - yambani ndi nsomba ziwiri. Kwa munthu m'modzi, amalita 80 mpaka 100 amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amafunikira. Popeza nsomba izi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikofunika kuti chisa chatsekedwa (makamaka usiku) kuti asatuluke mwangozi.

Kuchepetsa ndi kukoka kwa chikhamu cha nyanja kuyenera kukhala mphamvu yayikulu, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuyenderera kochepa pogwiritsa ntchito mafayilo. 20% (1/5 gawo) lamadzi liyenera kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse. Metinis akumva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwamadzi 23-27 ° C, p-h 5-7. Samadzi a nsomba amakongoletsedwa ndi dothi lakuda, miyala, mabatani, mbewu zopangira kapena amadyera okhala ndi masamba owuma. Pewani mbewu zomwe zili ndi calcium komanso magnesium. Zomera zambiri za metinis zimadya, motero muyenera kusamala nawo.

Onani - metinissa siliva amawoneka bwino m'madzi akuluakulu.

Makhalidwe wamba

Piranhas amadziunjikana m'magulu, omwe amathandizira kufunafuna chakudya, ndikuwopseza kwenikweni zinthu zamoyo zomwe akumana nazo. Pambuyo pa kuukiridwa, chotsani wozunzayo m'mphindi zochepa. Mitundu ina ya ma piranasi siizilombo. Pafupifupi 60% ya nsomba zomwe zimadyetsedwa zakudya.

Mbiri ya anthu olusa omwe amakhala m'malo osungira madzi sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala yoyenera. Nsomba zimawombera kokha ngati akuganiza kuti ali pachiwopsezo, amatha kugwera mumsampha kapena mwamantha. Nthawi yomweyo, maiko ena (mwachitsanzo, Israeli) amaletsa kukhala ndi, kugulitsa, kusunga, kusunga nsomba. Zochita zoterezi zimawonedwa ngati zosaloledwa.

Piranha Aquarium

Nsomba zimayenera kukhala m'madzi akuluakulu.

1. Sankhani voliyumu ya aquarium pamlingo wa malita 8 amadzi pa 2,5 cm kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba. Chifukwa chake, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yokwanira malita 150.
2. Bzalani pansi ndi algae womwe umakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, piranha adzakhala wathanzi.
3. Bzalani 50-70% ya malo okhala ndi mbeu ndi zida zogona momwe ma cyprinids amasangalatsa kubisala.
4. Patsani zida zam'madzi ndi zida zapamwamba zamphamvu zopangira. Mutha kukhazikitsa zosefera zazing'ono za 3-4 (azisunga ukhondo padziwe).
5. Konzekerani zambiri zoyera.

Zofunika pa madzi:

Chowongolera chachikulu ndichoyeretsedwa, madzi okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.

• kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi kusefera madzi kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza,
• kutentha - 26 digiri
• sinthani madzi (10-15%) tsiku lililonse,
• – 6,5.

Madzi sayenera kukhala otentha kapena ozizira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti muthane ndi kutentha, muyenera kuyikamo thermometer ndi heater yamagetsi.

Onetsetsani kuti mukuwunika momwe nsomba zimayendera, nthawi zonse ammonia.

Kusamalira Ana

Dzira la kamvekedwe kamtundu wa lalanje limaswa kwa masiku atatu. Pakatha masiku awiri, mphutsi zimayamba kuswana. Pambuyo pokhapokha muyenera kukoka mwana mosamala ndi khola. Chogwirira chizikhala motalika chifukwa champhongo. Aukira aliyense amene adzafike pachisa.

Zinyama zazing'ono zimasungidwa zofanana ndi zazikulu. Muyenera kudyetsa matenda a artemia, kuwonjezera phokoso ndi mafunde a magazi pazakudya zazikulu. Dyetsani ana kawiri patsiku. Pakatha miyezi yochepa, zakudya za mwachangu zimakhalanso zofanana ndi akulu.

The mwachangu zikuwonjezeka mwachangu mu kukula. Ndikudya moyenera, amakula mpaka 2,5 masentimita pofika mweziwo. Mwachitsanzo, makanda a ma jini amodzi a ma cyprinid amafunika mpaka malita 3-3,5,000.

Nkhani ya piranha:

Piranha aquarium - nsomba zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Potengera malamulo oyambira osavuta komanso osavuta kukonza, anthu okhala m'madzimo amasangalatsa mwiniwake ndi kukongola kwawo komanso zizolowezi zawo.

Piranha: Banja la nsomba zam'madzi zokhala ndi madzi oyera ndizoyambira, ndipo limakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana ku South America. Izi nsomba zimadziwika ndi nsagwada zamphamvu komanso mano owongoka. Mpaka pano, banja la piranha lili ndi mitundu 16 yamakono komanso mitundu 95. (Wikipedia)

Titha kunena mosabisa kuti piranha ndi imodzi mw nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi! Pali nthano komanso nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi ma piranhas, koma si nkhani zonse zowopsa zomwe zili zowona. Ngozi yeniyeni ya nsombazi imatha kukhala munthawi yadzuwa, pomwe madziwo amasowa kwambiri ndipo amayamba kusowa chakudya. Poyamba Piranas amathanso kudya nsomba zamtundu wina zomwe zimapezeka munyanjayi, kenako kusaka wina ndi mzake kumayamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizowopsa mokwanira motero zimasonkhana m'matumba kuti mudziteteze kwa adani. Ndipo zachilengedwe, ali ndi adani okwanira: awa ndi dolphin a madzi oyera, otter a Amazon, nthumwi zosiyanasiyana za banja la amphaka amphaka, herons, arapayma - nsomba yakale yachilendo kwambiri.

Zotchuka mano ma piran ndi akulu kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, atatsekedwa, mizere yam'mwamba imapita zolimba pakati pazotsika, kotero kuti palibe malo osungirako, kuphatikiza, minxillary minofu ya piranhas ndiyolimba.

Zambiri

Makhalidwe awo amaphatikizapo mawonekedwe opanikizika, mawonekedwe omaliza a dorsal okhala ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono ta 16 kapena kuposerapo, komanso tinthu tating'ono tosiyanasiyana tating'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi mamba osinthika am'mimba.

Zimapezeka m'malo ambiri, kuyambira kumphepo zamadzi osefukira komanso nkhalango zosefukira mpaka mitsinje yambiri, ndipo zimapezekanso mu misewu yonse yayikulu ya South America kummawa kwa Andes. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi ntchito zapadera zachilengedwe, monga kugawa mbewu kapena kusamalira nsomba zakunyanja.

Oimira akuwonetsa zinthu zitatu zazikulu zopatsa thanzi: zilombo (carnivores), carnivores (kudya zipatso ndi njere) ndi lepidophages (kudya masikelo ndi zipsepse za nsomba zina). Mitundu yotsogola nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mzere umodzi wa mano a tchuthi paliponse pa nsagwada, chitho champhongo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mizere iwiri kapena mano oponderezedwa (oponderezana ndi kutafuna) pa prejaw, pomwe ali lepidophages, mano amakhala otupa ndipo amakhala pamphepete kunja kwa prejaw.

Mbiri ya chisinthiko cha Piranjevs (Serrasalmidae) idaphunziridwa ndi olemba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri (Thompson et al, 2014) omwe amathandizira kukhalapo kwa majini akulu atatu kubanja. Mitundu "Paku" ili ndi mitundu ya Colossoma, Mylossoma ndi Piaractus, "Piranhas" imaphatikizapo Metynnis, Pygopristis, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycon, Catoprion ndi Serrasalmus, ndipo mtundu "Mileus" umaphatikizapo mitundu ya Myleus schomburgkii.

Piranha wamtundu wocheperako pang'ono umatha kukhala chokongoletsera chokongola komanso choyambirira cha aquarium. Komabe, musanakhale wankhanza chotere, koma nthawi yomweyo nsomba zamanyazi, muyenera kuzipatsa nthawi yokhazikika. Musaiwale kuti nsomba zokhala m'madzi ndi nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kuluma mosazindikira mwininyumba kapena kuthana ndi mnansi wawo wam'madzi momwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azisunga nsomba izi kokha kwa akatswiri komanso akatswiri odziwa nyanja.

Kudumphira mwachangu pa nkhaniyi