Dzina lachi Latin: | Parus caeruleus |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Tit |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Wamng'ono (yaying'ono kuposa mpheta), mbalame yokongola. Chifukwa chophatikiza mitundu yowala ndi liwu lodziwika bwino silimabweretsa zovuta kudziwa. Kutalika kwa thupi 11-25 masentimita, kulemera kwa 7.5-14 g. Yaying'ono, mchira wochepa kufupikitsidwa.
Kufotokozera. Amuna ndi akazi ndi osazindikirika. Thupi lakumtunda ndilobiriwira, pansi pake ndi chikaso, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi mtundu wamtambo wowala. Malo kuchokera kumphepete kwakumaso kwa mphumi mpaka kumbuyo chakumaso kwa chisoti cha kumutu kumakhala chophimba cha buluu, chokhazikitsidwa kumbali zonse ndi maula oyera. Mutu wonse umawonongeka ndi kolala yakuda komanso ya buluu, yomwe imawoneka yayifupi kwambiri mbali zammutu. Kuchokera pamunsi pa mulomo, chingwe chomwe chimakhala chakuda chimadutsa m'maso, chomwe chimalumikizana ndi kolala kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mphumi yoyera imasanduka nsidze zoyera, zomwe zimaphatikizana kumbuyo kwa chipewa, kuzungulira mozungulira. Malo pakati m'mphepete mwa kolala ndi mkanda kudzera m'maso, tsaya, ndi loyera konse. Sachet (pansi pa kolala) ndi yoyera kapena yaimvi. Pali malo aang'ono akuda pansi pa mulomo omwe amaphatikizana ndi kolala kuchokera pansi. Mzere woonda wautali wakuda umadutsa pakati pa chifuwa ndi m'mimba - "taye "yo, yemwe samalumikizana ndi pakhosi lakuda, ndipo nthawi zina chimakutidwa ndi nthenga zachikaso zoyandikana. Pa mapiko amtambo, pali chingwe chaching'ono chowoneka, chopangidwa ndi malekezero oyera a nthenga zamphongo zazikulu zobisalira. Malekezero a zonse zapamwamba komanso nthenga zingapo zothandizira pafupi nazo ndizoyera. Mchira wake umakhala utoto. Diso ndi lakuda, mulomo ndi miyendo yake ndi imvi. Yaikazi imapentedwa pang'ono pang'ono.
Mbalame zazing'ono ndizopakidwa utoto wambiri, utoto wonyezimira umawoneka mu utoto wapamwamba. Mitundu yoyera yonse pamutu ndi mapiko imasinthidwa ndi chikaso chowonekera - pafupifupi ngati pamimba. Palibe malo amdima pakhosi, m'munsi mwa kolala simalumikizana. Amasiyana ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri kukula kwake, kusowa kwa tayeti yakuda pamtunda wachikaso pansi, kukhalapo kwa kapu wabuluu, nsidze yoyera ndi lingaliro lakuda kudutsa diso. Amasiyana ndi kalonga ndi zipatso zina zazing'ono pamaso pa mitundu yachikaso ndi yobiriwira pamapulamu, komanso kukhalapo kwa kapu wamtambo. Nthawi zambiri sitha kuonedwa hybrids wa azure ndi kalonga, wofotokozedwa ngati mabuku pleskii. Mitundu ya mbalame zotere imasiyanasiyana, kwakukulu, imawoneka ngati kena kena pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwa makolo. Nthawi zambiri, zokongoletsera za kalonga zimakhala zambiri, koma pamakhala chipewa cha buluu kapena mtundu wachikasu pamimba.
Voterani. Wotentha komanso wamtali wokwanira. Chilimbikitso choyambirira: mkuluizi. "- osakwatiwa kapena angapo, mawu osakanikirana"dzenje chirrr. "kapena"wankhanza-ti-ti-ti. ". Nyimboyi ndiyamautali kuchokera kukubwereza whifleti, kuphatikizika kumapeto kukhala mndandanda wopitilira wa "izi-izi-izi-izi-tutu-tutu-tutu. "kapena"tsii-tata-tata. ».
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Mitunduyi imakhala pafupifupi ku Europe, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Western Asia. Ku European Russia amakhala mdera la nkhalango zowola, kupatula kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chigawocho. Kuphatikiza pazambiri zake, ndizofala kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa gawo lalikulu. Anthu omwe ali pakatikati komanso kumwera kwa chigawo amakhala atangokhala; kumpoto, amakhala osunthika.
Moyo. Imakonda nkhalango zotambalala zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, kupewa. Kukhala modzipereka m'minda, m'mapaki, mabwalo, malo obiriwira a mizinda yayikulu. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yachisanu imatha kusokera mabedi. Chakudyacho chimasakanizidwa, chilimwe chimayendetsedwa ndi ma invertebrates, nthawi yozizira - zipatso, mbewu, mtedza ndi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri amapita kukadyetsa mbalame. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri amapanga magulu osakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya ma tini, akwatibwi okhathamira, mafumu ndi pikas.
Nthawi yochezerayo imatenga mwezi wa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Zochitika za mitala sizachilendo, maanja amapitilira moyo wawo wonse. Zingwe zimapangidwa m'miyenje kapena m'maenje, zisa zokumbira, m'miyala yosweka kapena m'nyumba za anthu. Wamkazi amamanga chisa. Mu clutch pali mazira oyera 7 mpaka 13 okhala ndi mazira ofiira kapena amtundu wama brown brown. Chikazi chimagwira, nthawi ya makulitsidwe ndi masiku 12-16. Kudyetsa anapiye kumatenga masiku 16-23, makolo onsewo amadyetsa.
Kutanthauzira Cyanistes caeruleus
Gawo lonse la Belarus
Banja Titmouse - Paridae.
Ku Belarus - P. c. kolifulawa.
Mitundu yambiri yokhala nestingary ndi yoyendayenda. Chimakhala chisa m'magawo onse olamulira.
Chimawoneka ngati gawo lalikulu, koma kukula kwake ndizochepa. Zowonjezerazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi matani amtambo wabuluu. Mphumi ndi masaya zoyera, korona wamutu ndi nape ndi azure buluu, kolala yomweyo, ndipo pakhosi pali tating'ono ta nthenga zakuda. Kuyambira mlomo kudutsa diso mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli kolamba wabuluu. Kumbuyo kuli mtundu wa maolivi wobiriwira, chifuwa ndi m'mimba zachikasu, pamimba ndi kamtambo kakang'ono pakati. Pansi pamimba pali zoyera. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zonyezimira. Kugonana kwamatsenga sikumawonetsedwa kunja, koma m'mbali mwa gawo lowonekera kwambiri, "kapu" wamtambo waimuna umawoneka wowala kwambiri, ndipo mbalame zimagwira bwino kusiyana kumeneku. Mlomo ndi miyendo imvi. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, matani amtambo amabatani ndi imvi. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 9-17 g, chachikazi ndi 9.5-15 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 8-10 cm, mapiko ndi 18-18 cm. Kutalika kwa mapiko a amuna ndi 6.5-7 cm, mchira ndi 5-6 cm, 1.4-2 masentimita, mulomo 0.7-0.9 masentimita. Kutalika kwa mapiko aakazi ndi 6-6.5 cm, mchira 5-6 masentimita, tarsus 1.4-1.9 cm, mulomo 0.7-0, 8 cm
Mosiyana ndi gawo lalikulu, mitengo ya buluu nthawi zambiri imakhala m'miyala yamtambo, monga mbali ya dzuwa ya korona. Poyerekeza ndi zamtundu wina, amaimba pang'ono. Nyimboyi mkati mwa nthawi yakukhwima ndi nyimbo yayitali komanso yachangu yamphamvu yomwe "qi-li-li-li", yimaliza ndi titter yodziwika bwino. Panthawi yoyendayenda, amalira.
M'nyengo yozizira, imayendayenda ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamagulu amtundu wokhala ndi ma toni akuluakulu. Zikuwoneka kuti gawo lina laomweko limasamukira kunja kwa Belarus, kusamukira kumadera akutali kuchokera kumalo awo okhalamo. Nkhalango zowoneka bwino zimaphatikizidwanso nthawi yophukira, komanso zimayendera maufulu a msondodzi ndi mabedi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, pagulu la zipatso zazikulu, zokolola wamba zimakonda kupezeka pafupi ndi nyumba;
Imakhala m'nkhalango zowuma kwambiri komanso zosakanikirana. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku nkhalango za oak, nkhalango zowirira, nkhalango za birch, nkhalango za oak-Hornbeam ndi nkhalango zobiriwira. Amapewa nkhalango yoyera yosakanikirana ndi nkhalango zolimba. Amakondanso nkhokwe zotumphuka m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Imakhazikika m'malo okhala ndi msipu wobiriwira bwino, koma imakhazikika kumapeto, kufupi ndi malo omata, komanso m'zilumba zamtchire komanso m'magulu amitengo. Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, makamaka ikukhazikika m'mizinda: m'mapaki, mabwalo, pakati pa bwalo ndi m'misewu yamabwalo. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo ya buluu yodziwika imatha kukhalanso malo opezeka nkhalango zachilengedwe.
Munthawi ya chisa ku Belarussian Lakeland, masamba a buluu wamba amasakanikirana ndi kukhala m'nkhalango zomwe sizimapanga mosalekeza. Blue tit imakonda nkhalango za oak, kapena nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya oak, nkhalango zakuda, ndi msondodzi wamadzi. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Poozerye, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yayikulu ya buluu kumawerengedwa ngati mitengo yam'madzi yotchedwa meadowsweet, mitengo yamakungwa oyala ndi masamba owonda, ndi bonsai aspen (0.11-0.12 awiriawiri / ha).
M'malo osefukira Shevinka (chigawo cha Vitebsk) wokhala ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa buluu mu 2001 kufikira 0.4 awiriawiri / ha. Dera lokhazikika, lalitali, makamaka kuchokera ku thundu ndi mapulo, komanso msipu wochokera ku hazel, buckthorn ndi phulusa laphiri, ndiye gawo lalikulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza chakudya nthawi yakudya ndi kudyetsa ana. Kusapezeka kwa chonde komanso kufalikira kwa nkhalango za pine ndi spruce kumalongosola kuchuluka kochepa kwa zinthu wamba. Common Blue Tit imakhalanso zokhala m'mizinda ndi kumidzi komwe kumakhala mapaki, mabwalo, minda, kubzala pafupi ndi njanji ndi misewu yayikulu, m'malo akale. Pakiyo yotchedwa Soviet Army ku Vitebsk, pamtunda wa 5 km pa Meyi 5, 2000, magulu amiyala 5 a thambo lamtambo adakumbukiridwa.
Ku Poozerye, malo opangira chakudya amtundu wa buluu nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira ndi msondodzi wamadzi, mabedi mabango, ma ols, kubzala mitengo yazipatso pafupi ndi malo okhala. M'madambo osefukira amtsinje ndi nyanja m'nyanja yozizira, mbalame zamtambo zimakonda kukhala mbalame.
Kufikira anthu pafupifupi 1.4 adalembedwa pamtunda wamtunda uliwonse (Lake Drivyaty - Druyka River, District of Braslavsky). Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira ya magulu osakanikirana am'nyengo yosiyanasiyana ndi kugwidwa kwa masisitimu m'mabwalo, m'minda, m'mapaki (Vitebsk, 1999-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004), chiyerekezo cha mtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wina wazofanana ndi mitundu yayitali (1) anthu 100 pa gawo limodzi gulu), tili m'madzi osefukira amadziwe, zosakanikirana zochokera ku azores zidalembedwa kwa anthu asanu ndi amodzi ndi asanu ndi amodzi (1999, Lake Lukomskoye, District Chashniksky).
Kuyamba kwa kukhwima kwa ntchito zamtunduwu kumayambira m'ma March. Kuyambira nthawi ino, azores amayamba kuyimba mwachangu. Kuyimba kumapitilira mpaka chakhumi chachiwiri cha Juni - khumi oyamba a Julayi.
Nyimbo yoyamba yokhwima ya Blue Tit ku Poozerye idalembedwa masiku khumi oyambirira a fezire (oyamba koyamba - February 9, 2003, mudzi wa Dubki, chigawo cha Braslavsky) ndipo imawonjezeka ndi maola ochulukirapo masana. Kutentha pang'ono mwina sikugwira ntchito yofunika. Amuna oyimba amva mobwerezabwereza ku +5 ndi -25 ° C. Tchuthi kwambiri choimba chikuchitika mu Marichi, pomwe awiriwo adakhazikika mderalo. Kuyimba kwa mbalame payekha kumamveka mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi.
M'mwezi wa Marichi, mbalame zimakhala m malo ogona ku Belarus, zimayang'ana mabowo okonzedwa ndi khomo lopapatiza, ngati kuli kotheka, amakulitsa dzenjelo kapena kuwonjezera kukula kwa chipinda chochezeramo.
Imakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Chisa chimakonda kukhala m'malo otentha (nthawi zambiri osakhala kutali ndi nkhokwe) m'mabowo akale a nkhuni, m'miyala yowola ya mitengo ndi chitsa, m'miyendo kuseli kwa khungwa, pamalo okwera ma 1-3 m, nthawi zambiri pamunsi kwambiri - mpaka 0,5 mamilimita, nthawi zina kutsika - mpaka 0 5 m.
Ku Lakeland amakhalanso ndi zisa m'mayenje osiyanasiyana oyambira, nthawi zambiri pamitunda yayitali (mpaka 12 m). Zidole zobereketsa za buluu zimawonedwa m'malo opangira magetsi nyali, m'malo obisika amitengo yakale, ma elms, m'miyala yakale komanso m'mapaki (mudzi wa Borodinichi, Belmonty park, Braslavsky district) kutali kwambiri ndi nthaka. Zokongoletsera zimatseka mabowo achilengedwe ndi khomo lolowera. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa pakupanga kwamitundu yaying'ono yamtunduwu. Zipinda zokhala ndi tepile mainchesi 30-30 mm (paki yotchedwa Soviet Army, Vitebsk, 2002) anali 75% okhala ndi gawo lalikulu, ndipo malo amodzi okhawo omwe amakhala ndi malo okhala ndi buluu wamba wamba. Kudera la Dubki Botanical Reserve ndi Ratskiy Bor Forestland (nkhalango ya Braslav, 2002-2004), m'matumba ndi mulifupi wamiyeso wa 25 mm, chiwerengero chonse cha mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa mchaka choyamba chinali 44%, pomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi ndi Muscovite, iwiri ya ntchentche yokokera, ndi ina yonse ya gawo lobiriwira. M'chaka chachiwiri atapachika nthenga, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kunachulukanso (44.6%), komabe, gawo la mbalame zodyera m'nyumba ya titmouse linawonjezeka ndi 1.4 nthawi.
Imakonda mabowo akuya (mpaka 20 cm) okhala ndi dzenje lopapatiza (25-30 mm mulifupi) kapena dzenje (30 mm). Ku Poozerye, m'malo otetezedwa ndi cyanosis, kalatayo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotalikilana komanso yolimba, kukula kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana masentimita 1.7-3.52.5-6.5 Asanayambe kumanga chisa, imakongoletsa dzenje mpaka kukula koyenera. Imathanso kukhala ndi zisa zakumaso, ndipo m'mizinda, kuphatikiza, imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa konkire komanso zitsulo zowunikira (pamalo okwera mpaka 10 m). Nthawi zina chisa chimamangidwa ngakhale mu niches nyumba. Malo osyankhanitsidwa abwino okhala ndi timabowo tambiri timene timatha kutenga zaka zingapo motsatana.
The biology ya buluu tit nesting imafanana kwambiri ndi gawo lalikulu, pomwe yotsirizirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala mpikisano ndipo imapatsa korona gawo losakhala m'maenje. Kulimbana kunawonekeranso mobwerezabwereza pakati pa anthu amtunduwu pamadyeredwe, komanso kuteteza malo osankhidwa (paki yomwe idatchedwa Soviet Army, Vitebsk, 1997, Braslav, 2004). Kutalika kwa taphole popanga ma nesting opanga maukadaulo kungatenge gawo lalikulu pakusankha kukopa kwa mtundu umodzi kapena mtundu wina wa ma tini.
Mwambiri, Blue Tit ndi pulasitiki komanso yosasamala posankha mabowo a nesting. Sizachilendo kuti zizipanga zake zokha, koma chipinda chodyeracho nthawi zonse chimatsukidwa ndipo chimakulitsidwa pang'ono.
Kuzama kwa chipinda chodyerako kumasiyana masentimita 7.5-31.2, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 6.5-15.0. Ngakhale titmouse yaying'ono wokhala ndi buluu wamtundu wa buluu, owoneka mosiyana ndi letka, m'mphepete mwake, monga lamulo, adadulidwa.
Kukonzekera kwa chipinda chodyera cha Blue Tit ku Poozeroo kumayambira kumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, ndipo kuyambira chakhumi chotsatira cha Epulo, mkaziyo amayamba kumanga chisa, kupanga komwe kumatenga masiku 10 mpaka 15.
Pansi pa chipinda chodyeracho chimakutidwa ndi mbewa zobiriwira, makulidwe ake omwe nthawi zina amatha kupitirira 15 cm, ndi malo apansi a 95 cm².
M tchire lomwe limapezeka pabowo lakale kwambiri mu zipatso zosiyidwa bwino (Vitebsk, 2001), makulidwe a pansi pake anali 16.5 cm, ndipo mulifupi mwa chipinda chotsekera masentimita 28. Pafupifupi, makulidwe ake pansi ndi 5.7 cm. Zisa za Blue Tit nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawa. Chiwerengero chofika kwambiri cha zinthu zomanga kwa ola limodzi chinali 29, pomwe mkaziyo adatenga zonyamula moss zosaposa 10-15 m kuchokera chisa.
Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pa malo obisalirako ku Lakeland ndichilengedwe chokhala ndi masamba owuma a phala, masamba obiriwira, masamba owuma mahatchi, omwe amaphatikizana kwambiri ndi tsitsi la zinyama (nguluwe zakutchire, elk), pansi pa nyama ndi mbalame (kunali kofunikira kupeza nthenga za mallard, hazel grouse, ndi goshawk), komanso malo okhala anthu - zidutswa za ubweya wa thonje, ulusi, tsitsi la pet. Kuchulukana kwambiri, kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotchingira, nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kubisa zomangamanga pamene mkazi wachoka pachisa. Pakutha kwa anapiye, chisa chimapangidwa mwamphamvu ndi zopunduka, m'malo mwake chikufanana.
Malinga ndi olemba ena, mbalame zonse ziwiri (m'malo mwa mkazi m'modzi) zimamanga chisa kuchokera pazinthu zambiri: mbewa, ulusi wopota, udzu wouma, masamba owuma, tsitsi la nyama, ndi maulendo. Tray imafalitsa tsitsi la unulates ndikuphatikizika kwa fluff mbalame ndi nthenga. Nthawi zambiri, azure wamba amawonjezera ubweya wa thonje, ulusi, ulusi wopanga ndi zinthu zina zofananira ndi izi. Kuzama kwa thireyi ndi 3.6-5.3 cm, ndipo mulifupi ndi 4-6 masentimita. Makulidwe a chisa cha Lakeland ndi ofanana: kutalika ndi 3.8-5.3 masentimita, mainchesi ndi 5.0-7,5 cm, mainchesi a thireyi ndi 5.1- 5,5 masentimita, kupendekera kuya 3.6-4.0 cm.
Mu clutch pali mazira 7 mpaka 14 (nthawi zambiri 9-12) (m'malo ena ku Europe amapezeka mazira 15-16, ndipo mpaka mpaka 24, mwachidziwikire anali a akazi awiri). Kuyambira pakati pa Meyi, zidutswa za mazira 5-12 (a 7.9) zidalembedwa ku Poozeroo, ndipo pokhapokha pamakhala mazira 13, 15 ndi 16 omwe amapezeka muzisakasa (Dubki Botanical Reserve).
Chipolopolocho ndi chonyezimira pang'ono, choyera kwambiri, chitakutidwa ndi malo ochepa kwambiri, mtundu wake womwe umasinthasintha kuchokera kutoto lofiirira kupita pamtambo wofiyira (kuwala komanso mdima). Amayamba kumera. Malo owoneka bwino ndi pang'ono pokhapokha ngati ofiira, okhala ndi imvi komanso imvi. Kukula kwa dzira 1.2 g, kutalika 15-18 mm, mainchesi 12-14 mm. Kwa Chigawo cha Lake, kukula kwa mazira kukuwonetsedwa: 14.4-16.9x11.1-12.9 mm (average 15.4x11.9 mm).
Kuyika kwa mazira kumayamba mu theka loyamba la Meyi, ndipo m'zaka zachiwiri kapena zachitatu za mweziwo, ndulu zonse zimapezeka zisa zambiri (kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus kumayambira koyambirira - theka loyambirira la Epulo). Nthawi zambiri mchaka ndimakhala ana awiri. Magulu achiwiri amawoneka, monga lamulo, mu theka lachiwiri la Juni - Julayi.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kufufuzidwa mobwerezabwereza kwa malo ochezera mu Vitebsk, kuyika mobwerezabwereza kwa cyanistre sikunadziwike mwa iwo.Nkhani imodzi yokha yokhazikitsidwa ndi mazira a buluu ndiomwe idadziwika, yomwe poyambirira idaponya pansi chifukwa chazizira kwambiri (Meyi 2003).
Zoyesedwa pambuyo pouluka zazing'ono zazing'ono zidatengedwera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiana. Tizilombo touluka timaletsa kukonzanso kwa mtundu wamtambo m'mizu yoyambayo.
M'modzi mwa maukwati (a Dubki Botanical Reserve, 2004), pomwe anapiye amtchetete, ma yachiwiri a mazira 7 adadziwikanso posachedwa. Pambuyo pake, njoka yachikazi ya Blue Tit idasiya mazira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa utitiri mu chisa. Ngakhale zili choncho, kupezeka kwa ndewu yachiwiri kungakhale ku Lakeland, chifukwa mbendera zatsopano zimawonedwa zisa zakumapeto kumapeto kwa June, komanso magulu amtundu wa mabanja a buluu tit kuyambira pakati pa Julayi ndi pambuyo pake.
Akazi okha ndi omwe amakhala m'matumbo kwa masiku 12-15. M'masiku oyamba obadwa, mkazi wosautsidwa amasiya mosavuta, wamphongo amakhala ndi nkhawa pachisa. Pakapita nthawi yodzikundikira, yaikazi imakhala mwamphamvu pachisa kuti isatengeke mosavuta komanso kutchinjiriza. Ikalowa mkatikati mwa chipinda chodyeramo, imatulutsa mawu owopsa ndi mpweya woopsa. Pakadali pano, akazi achikulire amathanso kuwombedwa. Popewa kuvulazidwa, azimayi omwe ali ndi nkhawa ayenera kukanikizidwa pang'ono ndi dzanja lake kumasoni kwa mphindi zingapo (kukhazika pansi), ndikumatseka chitseko chotseka.
M'masiku oyamba obadwa, abambo amadyetsa pang'ono, amasiya chisa ndikuwuluka kukadyetsa. Mu gawo lomaliza la makulidwe, amphongo amadyetsa mkazi zonse. Kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri atatha kulumikizana anapiye, makolo onse awiri amatenga nawo mbali podyetsa enawo.
Kudyetsa anapiye amtundu wa buluu masana kumachitika ndi kuthekera kofananako ndi pafupipafupi kambiri ka 12-18 pa ola limodzi, ku Poozerie kunali kofunikira kuti awonane akubwera kwa onse awiri ndi chakudya kuyambira 8 mpaka 9 m'mawa, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zochitika kumawonedwa nthawi ya nkhomaliro - mpaka 9- 10 ofika ola limodzi.
Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus (nkhalango za Tomashovsky, chigawo cha Brest), makolo adakwera ndege kupita ku chisa ndi chakudya 380-470 patsiku. Ku zisa zomwe zikupezeka m'nkhalango ya paine yotakata kwambiri ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha mu Juni 1973, kuchuluka kwa anapiye azaka 10 anali ndi chakudya chokwanira 220-280 patsiku. Kukula kwamphamvu kudyetsa tsiku lonse kumakhala kosalekeza. Kudyetsa pafupipafupi kwa anapiye kumakhalanso kosiyana ndi zaka zawo. Pakangodutsa masiku atatu atabadwa, mphamvu yakudyetsa imachepa, nthawi zambiri wamkazi amawotcha anapiye, motero amatenga gawo lochepa poyerekeza ndi lamphongo. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimatolera chakudya pafupi ndi zisa m'malo pafupifupi 60. Dera lomwe malo akusaka nthawi imeneyi ndi 3-6,5,000 m², pafupifupi 5.2,000 m².
Nthochi zimapatsidwa mbozi za masamba a masamba, masamba am'madzi, mphutsi zamoto, mphutsi za sawflies.
Pazaka za 16-18, anapiye amachoka chisa. Kuchoka kwa anapiye kunyanja ya buluu ku Lakeland kumachitika kale kuchokera masiku oyamba a Juni, komabe, misonkhano yamisonkhano yambiri idadziwika kuchokera mu khumi lachiwiri la Juni. Pakutha kwa Julayi, ana ongobadwa kumene amakhala osowa.
Pali anapiye atatu mpaka 12 mu ana a Blue Tit ku Poozerie, komabe, kupulumuka kwa anapiye asananyamuke malo am'madzi anali apamwamba kuposa zisa zachilengedwe, poyambirira - anapiye a anapiye 9,8, chifukwa chachiwiri - 7.0.
Masiku enanso 8-10, makolo amadyetsa anawo kunja kwa chisa.
Patsiku loyamba atachokapo, ana amasunga pafupi ndi chisa, pambuyo pake chimayendayenda kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, magulu am'banja amathetsa. Achinyamata ndi gawo la magulu osungirako mbalame, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zowerengeka, ndiye kuti, m'malo omwe mulibe mitunduyi.
Kale mu Julayi, mbalame zazing'ono zikamachoka, magulu amapangidwa, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya zipatso, pikas, ndi nuthatch. M'nyengo yonse yophukira, nthawi yozizira komanso yoyambira, mbalame zimayendayenda m'malo ena, kufunafuna chakudya. Zochitika mosiyanasiyana zimachitika m'minda, m'minda, m'mapaki, komanso m'nyumba zam'nyengo yachilimwe.
M'magulu osakanikirana a mbalame, gawo la buluu ku Lakeland ndilofala kwambiri, ndikumakumana pafupipafupi kwa 63.3%. Munthawi yachilimwe, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yachisanu (anthu awiri pa gulu limodzi), m'chiwonetsero, kuchuluka kwa buluu kudalembedwa mu 19.3% ya nkhosa zabuluu chifukwa cha magulu a mabanja.
M'nyengo yotentha, Blue Tit imangodya tizilombo komanso akangaude, omwe amasonkhanitsa nthambi ndi masamba. Munthawi yamadyetsedwe a mbalame ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe, maziko a chakudya chodyeracho amakhala ndi mphutsi za golide, zovala, mbozi za njenjete, miyala yopanda waya, komanso akangaude ndi cocoon awo. Malinga ndi zotsatira zakuwonera ku Lakeland, komanso kuwunika ma jacks a nkhokwe, maziko a chakudya cha nkhuku 'amapangidwa ndi mphutsi za Lepidoptera ndi cocoon. Kuchulukana kwa tizilombo tambiri m'tchire komweku kumadzetsa kuti ma tiniyo amasinthika ndi chakudya mosavuta ndi tizirombo touluka. Zotsalira za ma dipterans, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, ndi akangaude zinaonekera m'mimba mwa abakha akuluakulu omwe anali ndi buluu.
Mbalame zimatolera chakudya cha anapiye m'makona a mitengo yoyamba, m'nthaka, m'nthawi yochepa kwambiri, pansi nthawi zambiri komanso pansi. Mukasaka chakudya kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus, Blue Tit imasungidwa pamtunda wa 11-20 mamita makamaka kumtunda kwa mitengo.
M'nyengo yozizira, imasaka tizilombo tambiri tomwe timazizira, mphutsi ndi mapira m'makhola a makungwa, m'makhola a mabango, timadya mwachangu mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zipatso za phulusa la kumapiri, nyanja yamtengo wapatali, ndi zina zotere. utoto wamahatchi awiri, njenjete. Udindo wofunikira pakudya kwamadzi amtundu wabuluu kuyambira mu Januwale amadziwika ndi zinthu monga mungu ndi ma anthers a alder, aspen, msondodzi wa mbuzi. Zotsalira za ma alder akuda zidapezeka m'matumbo a azureas omwe adapezeka mdera lamadzi la Western Dvina azure. Ma adaptera morphological mawonekedwe (mawonekedwe a phazi, kuchuluka kwa miyendo, kukula kwa mapiko ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe a mulomo) a mtundu wamba wamtundu wa buluu amalola kuti ugwiridwe ndi kuyimitsidwa osati masamba okha, komanso ma catkin, nthambi zodwala zamitundu yotakata.
Chapakatikati, mphete zamphongo za aspen, msondodzi, zilonda zimatha. Kudyetsa sikusungidwa.
Kunenepa kwakukulu kwambiri kwa misampha yomwe inalembedwa m'misampha kunalembedwa koyambilira kwa nyengo yophukira (Seputembala) komanso nthawi zoyambirira masika (Marichi), ochepera - mu Disembala-Januware.
Mitundu ya buluu ya achikulire imakhala moyo wokhalitsa poyerekeza ndi achinyamata. Mbalame zachikulire zokumbira adagwidwa mobwerezabwereza m'magulu ochezera nyengo yachisanu komanso koyambirira kwam'mawa (Vitebsk, 2000-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004). M'malo omwe amalira, monga lamulo, zophwanya buluu zazimuna zonse ziwiri zinagwidwa, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukondana kwawo mu nthawi yosasokoneza.
Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero, makamaka kwa ma bulibreaks achichepere, nthawi yozizira komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kasupe kukuwonetsa kuthekera kosuntha kwa mitundu kumpoto kwa Belarus, koma mayendedwe a mayendedwe a achinyamata ndi achikulire amafunikira kuphunzira kowonjezera.
Chiwerengero ku Belarus ndi chokhazikika ndipo akuyerekeza pafupifupi 3,000 ndi 400,000 awiriawiri.
Akuluakulu omwe adalembetsedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 11 miyezi 7.