Chidwi chokongola chotere sichimasewera gawo la heroines a nthano zakale, nkhani komanso mafilimu. Asodzi okha am'madzi omwe amapanga zombo zopendekera m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amatha kuwonera asodzi. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi kusowa chidwi ndizofala - nsomba yayitali - nsomba yayitali, imakhala makamaka m'madzi otseguka a nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere.
Mwa okonda kudumphira m'madzi ambiri, dzina losakwanira lachilatini la shark limakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito - longimanus.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe okongola komanso mawonekedwe ena osinthika, shaki iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya selakhi, ndipo kwa anthu omwe asinthidwa ndi ngalawa kutali ndi gombe amawopsa. Komabe, zochulukirapo pambuyo pake.

Onani dzina

Shaki yayitali kwambiri, shaki yayitali, shaki yayitali, shaki yoyera yamadzi.
Anthu aku America nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dzina la Belopera kapena Whitefin Ocean Shark. Ku Russia, ndimakonda kutcha imodzi yamtundu wa nsomba zam'matanthwe.
Dzinalo Lachilatini ndi Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861).

Habitat

Mbawala zazitali zazitali zokhala ndi nyanja zimakhala zobiriwira m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira a nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic. Danga lawo limakhala malire ndi malire a malire pakati pa madigiri 45. N ndi madigiri 43. S Zili za oyimira kale nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi, zomwe sizimawoneka kawirikawiri m'madzi a gombe la zilumba kapena zilumba. Komabe, nthawi zina imafika pagombe, makamaka m'malo omwe kuya kwake kuli pafupi ndi gombe.

Mawonekedwe

Mbali yachilendo kwambiri ya shaki yokhala ndi utali wautali ndi zipsepse zazitali zazitali ndi ma porsals okhala ndi malekezero ozungulira. Chifukwa cha iwo, dzina lalikulu la omwe amadyerawo adakonzedwa. Malekezero a zipsepazo amalembedwa mawonekedwe owala ngakhale oyera.
Thupi la shaki ndi laling'ono, koma lalikulupo kuposa shaki yabuluu, yemwenso ndi nsomba ya pelagic.
Mtundu wa kumbuyo umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi imvi kukhala buronzi, kusinthika bwino kukhala kuwala, nthawi zina pamimba yoyera. Maso ndi ang'ono, okhala ndi nembanemba yosalala. Mphuno zili kumapeto kozungulira kwa shark. Pakamwa pake pali mawonekedwe ooneka bwino, omwe amakhala pansi pa thupi, pansi pa mpope, ndipo amatsekedwa poyenda.
Maluso a caudal ndi heterocercal, lobe yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa otsika. Pali malo owala kumapeto kwa lobe yapamwamba.
Mano a longimanus amafanana ndi mano a akambuku amphaka amphaka - am'mwambamwamba ndiwodzaza ndi ma serration, otsika kumtunda omwe amapita mosavutikira kupita kuthengo lokhala ngati fang. Ndi thandizo lawo, amatha kulanda nyama mosamala komanso kuthana ndi kamba kakang'ono panyanja.
M'nyanja, ma longimanuse nthawi zambiri amasambira limodzi ndi operekeza angapo oyendetsa nsomba, omwe ndi ma siginolo.

Zakudya

Nyama zingapo za pelagic zimakhala chakudya cha shaki yomaliza, kuyambira kusukulu kupita ku nsomba mpaka ku cephalopods ndi gastropods. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, imatha kupha kamba wam'nyanja, kudya zakudya zonunkhiritsa komanso ndowe.
Pokhala mu pelagi, osati wolemera mu magwero a chakudya ngati madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, shaki sigwiritsidwa ntchito posankha zakudya. Omwe akupikisana akasonkhana mozungulira nyama, imakhala yankhalwe kwambiri. Omwe akupikisana ndi zakudya ku Longimanus ndi asodzi abuluu (abuluu) ndi abuluu (silika).
Nthawi zambiri amapita ndi zombo ndi zopangira, kudya zakudya zotayidwa munyanja. Imatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pambuyo pa zombo.

Zochitika Pazikhalidwe

Nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwayekha. Koma, ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, chimatha kusonkhana m'magulu ndi magulu.
Sipezeka kawirikawiri pamtunda wa mamita opitilira 150, ndikusankha zigawo zam'madzi zapamwamba.
Chizindikiro cha longimanus ndi njira yazosakira-nthawi zonse, yosakhala ya mitundu yambiri ya asodzi.
Khalidwe lalitali lomwe limakhala lalitali limayendayenda pang'onopang'ono pamadzi apamwamba omwe ali ndi zipsepse zazikulu zopota. Kunja, mawonekedwe amenewa amafanana ndi mbalame kapena mbalame yomwe ikuwuluka kumwamba. Nthawi zina, nsonga ya mphukira imatuluka m'madzi kuti igwiritse ntchito bwino tanthauzo la fungo la chakudya.
Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ngati kuti kukugona, kuyenda kwa shaki izi ndi chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwachuma, komwe, motalikirana ndi mpweya wam'madzi wamoyo, sikophweka kubwezeretsanso.
Monga mamembala ambiri a mabanja achimvi, samakonda kudya.

Zojambula ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a thupi

Mwa zina zapadera za thupi, malingaliro onunkhira kwambiri a shaki omwe ali ndi ndalama yayitali ayenera kudziwika. Izi sizosadabwitsa - m'madzi otseguka a m'nyanja kupeza chakudya sichovuta monga pagombe, ndipo pazifukwa izi palibe masomphenya okwanira kapena mzere mbali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti fungo labwino, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wofunafuna chakudya ndi fungo lotengeka ndi mpweya. Izi zimapereka mwayi kwa shaki yayitali mwayi wambiri kuposa adani ena a pelagic, ndipo nthawi zonse imawonekera pamaso pa ochita mpikisanowu chifukwa cha fungo lokopa.
Longimanus sakhala omwe amapezeka m'madzi oyenda panyanja, koma, ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kuthamanga mwachangu.

Kuswana

Ndi nsomba yamoyo. Mauka amakula m'mimba ndikulandila michere kuchokera mthupi kudzera m'mapulaneti. Mimba imatenga miyezi 11-12, mu zinyalala kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 15 cubs kupitirira theka la mita kutalika. Asodzi aatali amakhala atakhwima pogonana akafika msinkhu pafupifupi mita ziwiri.

Zovuta zakutha

M'mbuyomu, asodzi akuwala ataliatali anali ambiri, koma mwa kuyesetsa kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwawo kunatsika ndi oposa 70%. Pakadali pano mtundu wamtundu wa asaka uli mu Red Book pansi pa malo otetezedwa ndi Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, komanso zigawo zakumpoto kwa Atlantic - wokhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Zowopsa kwa anthu

Akatswiri ena odziwika a shark, makamaka - J. Cousteau, amawona nsomba zazitali zazitali zazitali ngati mitundu yoopsa kwambiri yazinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito anthu. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mayesedwe abwinobwino achepetse kuopsa kwake ndikuti asamale kwambiri osakaba ambiri. Amatha kufikira mosamala kapena kusambira komanso kuluma asanapange zojambula zoyambilira kuzungulira yemwe akufuna kuzunzidwa.
Izi nsombazo ndizowopsa makamaka kwa anthu omwe amapezeka munyanja yowonongeka chifukwa cha ngozi ya chombo kapena ngozi ya ndege. Otsutsawo anali oyamba kunyamuka kupita kumayiko omwe anakumana ndi tsokali, chifukwa champhamvu chanunkhira komanso kukonza zakupha.
Komabe, kuukira kwa Longimanus kumachitikanso m'mbali mwa gombe, nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe kuya kuya kumayandikira. Chitsanzo ndi zotsutsana zingapo za Aigupto omwe adakumana ndi alendo mu Disembala 2010.

Ngakhale zili choncho, othamangitsidwa nthawi zambiri amasambira limodzi ndi shaki zazitali zazitali popanda zovuta zilizonse. Malinga ndi okonda kwambiri pakati pa olusa oopsa, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kutulutsa kununkhira komwe kungakondweretse longimanus. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kupita kumalo otetezeka - kulimbikira komanso kukalipa kwa asodzi awa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni.

Osangokhala nsomba za nsomba zamtondo zokha zimayendayenda panyanja ndi nyanja.
Giant Shark - wojambula wosavulaza wa plankton

Kuchulukitsa

Mtundu watsopano udafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Rene Prime Minister Phunziro mu 1822-1825 mu lipoti la kuzungulira kwa Kokil corvette. Wasayansiyo adafotokoza za anthu awiri omwe agwidwa mgulu la zisumbu za Tuamotu, French Polynesia, natcha shaki Carcharhinus maou. Kupitilira apo, mtundu wa shakiwu akuti Squalus longimanus Katswiri wina wa ku Cuba Felipe Poei ru en mu 1861. Kuphatikiza apo, dzinali lidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pterolamiops longimanus. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini longimanus - "wokhala ndi zida", lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi zipsepse zakutsogolo za shaki.

Malinga ndi malamulo a International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, dzina lomwe limasindikizidwa limayamba chifukwa, chifukwa chake dzina la asayansi la mbewa yayitali limayenera kukhala Carcharhinus maoukomabe dzinalo Carcharhinus longimanus zili ponseponse.

Dera

Shaki zokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali amaonedwa ngati nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zotentha kwambiri zomwe zimakhala pansi pamadzipanda pamawonekedwe otentha kwambiri mpaka 18 ° C. Kwa iwo, matenthedwe omwe amawakonda kwambiri amachokera ku 20 ° C mpaka 28 ° C, kutentha kwa madzi akapita kupitilira chimangochi, amakonda kuchoka m'gawolo. M'mbuyomu, shaki zamtunduwu zinali zofala kwambiri, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri.

Shaki zazitali zam mapiko zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pa45 ° kumpoto kufikira latalikiro 43 °. Mu 2004, shaki zamtunduwu adagwidwa kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Sweden, kutali kwambiri ndi malire akumpoto kwa mtundu wawo. Ndipo mu 2013, panali malipoti oti m'madzi aku Britain adawona shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliitali pafupifupi 4 m ndi kulemera kopitilira 300 kg.

Nthawi zambiri, asodzi amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja mozama mpaka mamita 150 ndipo amakonda kukhala kutali ndi gombe. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa zombo zazitali, zakutali kwambiri ndi nthaka, asodzi akuwombera kwambiri amabwera. Komabe, nthawi zina amakhala pafupi ndi gombe ndikusambira m'madzi osaya. Monga lamulo, asodzi okhala ndi mapiko ataliitali amakhala ndi moyo wamtundu, ngakhale m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya amatha kusonkhana m'masukulu. Mtunduwu suyenda tsiku lililonse, ndipo umagwira masana ndi usiku. Shaki amasambira pang'onopang'ono, ndi zipsepse zotseguka zotseguka. Amakonda kuyenda ndi nsomba - oyendetsa ndege, omata nsomba ndi zowunikira. Zotsirizazi ndizodabwitsa, chifukwa olusa nthawi zambiri amadya nsomba zobiriwira izi. Mu 1988, asodzi akuwombera, adawonedwa akupera.

Mawonekedwe

Zipsepse zamtundu wazitali zazitali zamapiko ndizitali komanso zazitali kuposa mitundu ina ya shaki, ndipo ndizowzungulira. Mphepoyi ndi yozungulira, maso ali ndi zopindika. Thupi limakhala lokwera, lokonzedwa. Mtundu wa dorsal kumtunda ukhoza kukhala wamkuwa, wodera, wamtambo kapena wa imvi, m'mimba umakhala woyera, nthawi zina umakhala wachikasu. Malekezero a zipsephazo adakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera. Mbawala zazitali zamapiko zazitali zimafikira mamita 3.5-4 kutalika, koma anthu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwa ma 1.5-2 metres ndi masentimita 20-60 ndizachilendo. Cholemera kwambiri chojambulidwa ndi ma kilogalamu 170. Akazi, monga lamulo, ndi okulirapo kuposa amuna, pafupifupi abambo amakhala pafupifupi 1.8 m, ndipo akazi - 1.9 mamita. Pakati pa zipsepse zoyambirira zamphongo ndi zina, anthu ena amakhala ndi malo owala ngati chishalo. Mano a m'munsi ocheperako aang'ono kwambiri amakhala ndi malo owonda. Pa nsagwada ya m'munsi pali masamba 136 a mbali zonse za symphysis. Mano akumtunda amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe opindika atatu, amakula komanso amakula kuposa m'munsi, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala phokoso. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba pamakhala ma denti 14-15 mbali iliyonse ya symphysis. Khungu limakutidwa ndi mamba lathyathyathya, phokoso lililonse limakutidwa ndi zitunda 5-7.

Khalidwe

Asodzi otenga mapiko atali, monga lamulo, yekha amasambira mumtsinje wamadzi, akumayenda mtunda wawutali kukafufuza magwero a chakudya. M'masiku akale, asodzi ankakonda kutchedwa agalu apanyanja, ndipo akambuku owombera zazitali amalungamitsa dzinali ndi machitidwe awo. Nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi zombo ngati galu kutsatira chinthu chosangalatsidwa nacho. Zotayika zokhazokha zimakonda kupezeka m'mimba mwa asodzi omwe amayenda kumbuyo kwa sitima panyanja. Atayandikira china chake chomwe chikuwoneka kuti ndi chothandiza, mayendedwe awo amakhala akhama, amalimba mtima kupitiliza kulimbikira, kukhala pamalo otetezeka, okonzeka kuthamangira ku nthawi yoyamba . Ogwira ntchito zazitali zazitali koma osachedwa kupita pansi, koma amatha kupanga ma jerks mwachangu. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umachita nawo mpikisano wa asilika, ndipo umakhala wovuta kwambiri pakampikisano wakuba.

Pamaso pa nyama, nsomba zazitali zazitali zamapira nthawi zambiri zimapanga magulu amphaka ndipo zimagona mu chakudya chamisala ru en - mkhalidwe womwe amayamba kuwang'amba ndi mano awo chilichonse chosunthira, kuphatikiza china chilichonse. Izi ndi mpikisano wodya nyama zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mofuna nyama zosavuta. Ogwira ntchito zazitali kwambiri amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri. Amayang'anitsitsa pamene shaki imagwidwa ndikukutidwa, ikuponyedwa pamadzi, ikupitilira kusambira mozungulira sitimayo ngati palibe chomwe chachitika komanso kumeza mbedza ija.

Mtunduwu sulekanitsidwa ndi kugonana komanso kukula. Asodzi a mapiko ataliitali amatsata magulu a nsomba kapena nyamayi, komanso ma dolphin ndi pogaya, kutola zotsalira za nyama. Kutsatira zopera zazifupi, zimatsikira pansi mpaka mamita 600, kenako ndikuwonekera pamwamba. Mwinanso shaki amatsogozedwa ndi kuthekera kwa zolengedwa zomwe zimatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kudziwa magulu a squid. Kuphatikiza apo, kufanana ndi kukula kwake ndi utoto wake m'mphepete mwake kumalola kuti shaki ziletse chidwi cha tuna ndi marlin, zomwe zimasakiranso nyamayi ndipo zomwe zikwanje sizowopsa. Pamene nkhono zimasakidwa mumadzi ofunda, asodzi okhala ndi mapiko atali nthawi zambiri ankadya mitembo yawo.

Ngakhale ali ndi kukula kwakakulu, asodzi okhala ndi mapiko ataliatali amatha kudzidyera okha, mwachitsanzo, saperekeza amuna achikulire a mpeni wamfupi, womwe umafikira kuposa 6.5 m ndikulemera 3600 kg. Anangumi okhala ndi zinsalu, anamgumi opaka, tinsomba ndi maboti oyenda panyanja akuwedza nsomba zazing'ono. Ndi ukalamba, mtundu wa asodzi owoneka amphaka amadzasintha kwambiri: kuyambira pakubadwa mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 1.2 m, zikwangwani zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo sizikhala zoyera, ngati nsomba zazikulu, koma zakuda. Mwina kusintha mtundu kumeneku kumathandiza kuti ana aang'ono azitha kuonekera kwambiri munthawi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo wawo.

Mtengo wosodza

Asodzi akuwombera, ndi chinthu chomwe chimasodza ku mafakitale. Gwiritsani zipsepse, nyama, khungu ndi mafuta a chiwindi. Nyama imadyedwa mwatsopano, yosuta, yowuma ndi mchere. Usodzi umachitika kudutsa lonse. Nthawi zambiri, asodzi amagwidwa ndi nsambo zazing'onoting'ono, chifukwa akameza nyambo zochitira mtundu wina. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi okhala ndi mapiko ataliitali amadzetsa vuto lalikulu pakusodza kwa tunsevoy, kudya nsomba zogwidwa ndi mbedza.

Kuwunika kwa nsomba zazitali ku United States kunawonetsa kuti pakati pa 1992 ndi 2000, anthu okhala ndi mapiko aatali kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi pakati kumadzulo kwa Atlantic adatsika ndi 70%. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina yemwe anachitika ku Gulf of Mexico, kuyambira zaka za 50s mpaka 90s m'zaka za m'ma 1900, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kunatsika ndi 99.3%, komabe, kusintha kwa njira zophera nsomba ndi kusonkhanitsa deta kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerengera molondola. Mu 2013, m'madzi a New Zealand, asodzi awa adatetezedwa. Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural lapatsa mtunduwu mtundu wa "Vulnerable".

Mosiyana ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu za m'nyanja, monga shaka wa shark kapena mtundu wabuluu, mtunduwu umakhala mu ukapolo. Mwa milandu itatu mwa asodzi odziwika kwambiri, amakhala m'ndende zaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi. Chimodzi mwa asodzi omwe adasungidwa mu Monterey Bay Aquarium kwa zaka 3, adawonjeza kutalika kwa 0,3, ndipo enawo awiri kwa nthawi yopanda nthawi adakula ndi 0.5 m.

Ocean Long Shark (Long Shark, Longimanus)

Shaki yayitali kwambiri yam'madzi idayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Rene Primera Phunziro wa chilengedwe. Adafotokozanso zofananira ziwiri zomwe zidagwidwa pafupi ndi Tuamotu Archipelago ku French Polynesia, ndipo adatcha shark squalus maou kuchokera ku liwu la Polynesia "shaki".
Komabe, malongosoledwe akewa kuyiwalika.Mu 1861, shaki iyi idafotokozedwanso mobwerezabwereza ndi Cuban Felipe Poi monga squalus longimanus.

Shaki yayitali yam'madzi yam'madzi ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zenizeni zam'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imafika m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri nyama zodyerazi zimakonda kuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamadzi kapena pakuya, nthawi ndi nthawi kumamatira kumapeto kwa chakudyacho. Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za asodzi omwe ali ndi ndalama zazitali ndi kuthekera kwake kununkhira m'mwamba. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kununkhira nyama yomwe ili kale kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo (kununkhira kufalikira mwachangu) ndikuwatsogolera "kuphwando".
Choyimira chachikulu chakunja kwa asodzi awa ndi zipsepse zazikulu kwambiri ndi ma forsal, zofanana ndi mapiko. Ndiwotalikirapo kuposa mitundu ina ya shaki, ndipo ali ndi malangizo.

Shaki wamtali wautali amakhala ndi thupi lalikulu lopendekeka, mutu wapakatikati, komanso wamfupi. Maso ndi ozungulira, pali kakulidwe kakulidwe. Mphuno mwatulutsa poyambira. Pakamwa pake pamawoneka ngati piringupiringu ndipo pansi pa phokoso; Gill amadula awiriawiri.
Mphesa zakunja, pectoral, ndi zipi za caudal ndizazikulu, zozungulira. Zipsepse zotsalazo ndizochepa.
Mtundu wa thupi lakumwamba umasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu waimvi kapena wotuwa pang'ono ndi wamtambo wamtambo wakuda. Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi imakhala yachikasu kapena yoyera. Kumapeto kwa zipsepse, zazikulu, zozungulira, mawanga owala nthawi zambiri amapezeka.

M'nsagwada yam'munsi, mano ndi ochepa, adasanjika, ofanana ndi ma fang. Mano a m'nsagwada yakumtunda ndiwosakanikirana, amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa mano a m'nsagwada yam'munsi ndipo amakhala ndi mbali zina zamkati.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zotsogola za Nyanja Yadziko Lapansi, zomwe zimapezeka kutali ndi gombe. Shaki yam'madzi yayitali yokhala ndi mapiri ndiyofalikira m'madzi otentha komanso ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri kunyanja komanso kotentha (kuposa 18 ° C), kupewa madzi osaya pansi.
Komabe, milandu yaposachedwa ya asodzi awa agombe ku Egypt (mu Disembala 2010) adakakamiza kuyambiranso lingaliro la shark ngati nsomba yoyipa yakunyanja. Ndikunena kuti pafupi ndi gombe, asodzi awa amabweretsa ngozi kwa omasulira.

Shark wamtali wamtali - m'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu Carcharhinidae. Imafika kutalika kwa 3.5 - 4 m, koma nthawi zambiri anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka mpaka 1.5 - 2 m kutalika ndi masentimita 20 - 60. Kulemera kwakukulu kolembetsedwa ndi 170 kg. Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kuposa zazimuna, zomwe zimakonda mitundu yambiri ya shaki.
Shaki wautali wabala mwa kubadwa kwamoyo. Mazira okhathamira amakhalabe m'thupi la wamkazi ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali mazira amalandila michere kuchokera kumazira a mazira. Madziwo atatha, yolk sac imasinthidwa kukhala yolumikizana ndi mluza ndi thupi la mayi, ndipo imayamba kulandira chakudya kuchokera kwa mayi. Mu zinyalala, pafupifupi 5 - 7 cubs mpaka 40 cm.

Monga mitundu yambiri ya a shaki, shaki zokhala ndi mapiko atali ndizitali kuposa madzi ndipo zilibe zida zapadera zamagalimoto pamalo opumira (ma gill cover kapena splash). Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhala akusambira mokhazikika komanso pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi nkhope - zingakhale kuwononga mphamvu kuti muzisambira mwachangu ngati palibe chifukwa.
Koma machitidwe awo a melancoly amasintha kwambiri pamene magwero azakudya omwe ali pafupi. Odyera ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala achangu komanso ankhanza. Patebulo la chakudya chamadzulo, amalamulira ena oyenda nawo a pelagic monga shark kapena shaki wabuluu.

Pokhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri, kulimbikira komanso kulimba mtima pankhani ya chakudya, amatha kupenda mosamala chilichonse chomwe adakumana nacho, kuphatikiza osiyanasiyana!
Maziko azakudya zazitali zazitali zimakhala nsomba zingapo (makamaka tinsomba) ndi squid, komanso zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zikupezeka. Zombo zoyandikira kunyanja nthawi zambiri zimangokhala ndi zotayira zokhazokha. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti amatha kutsatira sitimazo kwa nthawi yayitali, kunyamula chilichonse chomwe chimatayidwa. Zachidziwikire, monga shaki zina zazikulu, iye samakana kudya akamba am'nyanja, crustaceans ndi zovomerezeka zazinyama zam'madzi. M'mimba mwa ena mwa asodzi omwe adagwidwa, zinyalala zingapo zoyipa zidapezeka kuti zidaponyedwa munyanja.

Mapiko ataliatali amatha kusaka mdera lamtundu wina wa shaki. M'makampani akuluakulu oterewa, amakwiya kwambiri. A Peter Benchley, wolemba buku lodziwika bwino la Jaws, adawonapo gulu lankhanzalo, lomwe ndi lalitali. Amakhulupirira kuti magulu amasonkhana pokhapokha ngati pali chakudya chachikulu, monga gulu la nsomba kapena chinsomba. Ziwawa zomwe zimachitika pakadali pano sizikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'madzi kapena njala yayikulu. Izi misala chakudya kwenikweni limasinthika nyama pamene akuthamangira kudya "nkhokwe" zokha. Kutalika kwakutali kwam'madzi kumakakamiza asodzi okhala ndi mapiko ataliitali kuti apatse zabwino zonse 100% mpata ukapezeka, ndikupulumutsa mphamvu pakalibe chakudya. Chiwonetserochi, chopangidwa zaka mamiliyoni akusinthika, chimapangitsa adani kudya chilichonse chomwe "chayandikira" osadikirira njala.

Nthawi zambiri pambuyo poti aukira kusukulu ya nsomba, asodzi amasiya mitembo yambiri yoyandama pamadzi pambuyo pa phwando.
Mbawala zazitali zam'madzi ndizoyenda kwambiri. Popeza kuti nyamayo idagonja, idakutidwa, ikuponyedwa m'madzi, ikungopitilira ngati kuti palibe chomwe chachitika kuti ipitilize kuzungulira botilo ndipo ingathenso kunyamula mbedza ya nyambo. Komabe, kupulumuka kwapadera ndi chuma cha mitundu yonse ya akhaki.

Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliitali imayipa kwambiri ku bizinesi ya tuna, kudya zonse kapena gawo la nsomba zomwe zigwidwa ndi mbedza. M'madera ena, amawononga mpaka 20% ya nsomba zomwe zagwidwa. Shaki imangokhala nthawi zambiri, koma phindu lake monga chinthu chodziwitsidwa ndilochepa.

Shaki yam'madzi yayitali kwambiri imawoneka ngati bingu la ngalawa kapena anthu amene agwidwa mwangozi panyanja, pakati pamafunde. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama yolusa imeneyi inakumana ndi ngalawa nthawi zambiri kuposa nsomba zina zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa. Chifukwa cha "kununkhira kwa mpweya", longimanus amafika koyambirira kuposa shaki zina kupita kumalo komwe kuli mwayi wopeza phindu. Ndipo ngati anthu achisoni omwe ali pamavuto pambuyo pangozi yaukadaulo atakhala mwayi wawo, adzakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za shaki yam'madzi yayitali ndi kusawopa kwake. Iye, mosiyana ndi ena omwe amadyera masuku pamutu, amatha kufikira osambira kapena osambira, osawerengera zowopsa za njira yodulira mozungulira alendo.
Kupanda mantha kwake ndi kulimbikira kwake kungaonedwe ndi kujambula kwa vidiyo yokhudza kuukira kwa wapaulendo ndi m'modzi wa asodzi omwe amalipitsa ku Egypt. Pomwe wogwirayo anali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka, shaki, kwenikweni, ikukwawa m'mchenga, kuyesera kufikira iye ndikugwira ndi mano ake. Kanemayo ndiwodabwitsa.

Kukula kwa Ocean Shark Yotsirizidwa ndi Longimanus

Chochititsa chidwi, wofufuza wotchuka wina, dzina lake Jacques Cousteau, amatcha nsomba zam'madzi zazitali zam'madzi zazitali kwambiri. Ngakhale mbiri ya shaki yoyera yayikulu, shaki ndi amphaka, zikuwoneka kuti zazitali zazitali ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwaimfa ya anthu. Chowonadi ndichakuti zowona zambiri zakufa m'mano aanthu achisoka sizimawerengeredwa. Nthawi zambiri mavuto am'madzi amachitika popanda mboni zomwe zimatha kunena zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kufa.
Pali chifukwa chilichonse chokhulupirira kuti m'malo otentha, anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti ali munyanja adachitidwa chipongwe ndi nyama izi. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, chombo chomwe chinali ndi anthu okwera 1000 chomwe chinakwera chinatsekedwa pafupi ndi South Africa. Mwa anthu 192 omwe adamwalira, ambiri adanenedwa kuti ndi akufa chifukwa cha mano azitali zazitali.

Mtengo wamalonda wa shaki wotsika mtengo sulephera. Kukoma kwa nyama yake sikungatchedwe kuyengedwa, chifukwa, pamodzi ndi nsomba (makamaka nsomba) ndi squid, amadya zinyalala: zomwe zili m'mimba mwa asodzi ambiri omwe amagwidwa zimawonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri amadya zinyalala zamakhitchini a sitimayo - magaleta.
Komabe, zipsepse za asodzi awa ndizofunika kwambiri monga gawo la msuzi wotchuka, kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri amtali wautali ali ndi chiwindi chamtundu ndi khungu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pharmacology ndi haberdashery.
Nyama, yomwe siyili ya mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, imakonzedwa kuti ikhale nsomba. Komabe, ambiri mwa asodzi, akagwidwa mu maukonde asodzi, amataya zipsepse ndipo amaponyedwa pamadzi, komwe amayembekeza kuti kuphedwa kowawa kuchokera mano a anzawo, kapena kungofa pansi pa nyanja.

Mitundu ya nsomba zazitali zam'madzi zomwe zimalembetsedwa ku Book Red.

Shaki wamtali wautali ali ndi dzina lina lomwe limakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito - Longimanus

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shaki imakhala yotalika?

Ngati simunamvepo izi, kumbukirani kuti ndiowopsa kwambiri pamitundu yonse. Kodi ndi nyama iti yomwe ndi shaki yokhala ndi mapiko atali? Amachita pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala wankhanza kwambiri. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti shaki iyi idawombera anthu omwe adasunzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa oyimira ena onse amtunduwu.

Adatenga dzina ili chifukwa cha zipsepse. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndiakulu kuposa mitundu ina. Ndalama ya caudal imapangidwa bwino. Kutalika kwambiri kwa nyama zomwe zimadyetsa nyama kumakhala pafupifupi mayina anayi, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri anthu ang'onoang'ono amapezeka, osaposa awiri ndi theka kapena atatu.

Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko amtali imakhala ndi thupi lopapatiza, nthawi zina lokhala ndi chiphuphu chaching'ono. Kutalika kwake sikosangalatsa, pali mitundu yokhala ndi magawo akuluakulu, komabe, ndiyowopsa komanso yowopsa.

Kodi nyama yolusa imadya chiyani?

Ndiye kodi mbawala wamphongo wamtali wamtali amadya chiyani? Njira yayikulu yomwe imadyera ndi nsomba ndi cephalopods. Mwachilengedwe, monga abale ake ena, samakana kudya kamba kakunyanja, zovunda zam'madzi zapamadzi ndi zokolola. Mukakhala shaki zomwe zimagwidwa, zinyalala zam'madzi zoponyedwa ndi anthu nthawi zina zimapezeka.

Shaki amapita kukasaka okha, komanso kucheza ndi mitundu ina ya nyama zodya nyama za m'madzi. M'dera lotere, amakwiya kwambiri.

Kufalikira kwa shaki yayitali.

Ogwira nsomba zazitali kwambiri amakhala m'madzi otentha, amagawidwa kwambiri m'nyanja za India, Atlantic ndi Pacific. Shaki izi zimasamukira ndi madzi m'mbali mwa Gulf Stream nthawi yachilimwe. Njira zosamukasamuka zimadutsa m'madzi a Maine nyengo yachilimwe, kumwera kupita ku Argentina kumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean. Madzi awo amaphatikizaponso kumwera kwa Portugal, Gulf of Guinea komanso kumpoto kwa Pacific. Shaki amayenda kummawa kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Mediterranean nthawi yachisanu. Kupezekanso kudera la Indo-Pacific, komwe kumaphatikizapo Nyanja Yofiira, East Africa kupita ku Hawaii Islands, zilumba za Tahiti, Samoa ndi Tuamota. Mtunda wokutidwa ndi nsomba ndi makilomita 2800.

Shark wautali (Carcharhinus longimanus)

Kodi shaki amakhala kuti?

Shaki yayitali kwambiri ndi nsomba zenizeni zam'nyanja. Iye, monga lamulo, samakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka pansi panthaka. Samatuluka m'madzi, koma mawonekedwe ake okha ndi omwe amawonekera nthawi zonse.

Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko atali imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa kwambiri. Samangomva, komanso akumva zonunkhira zonse pamwamba pamadzi. Ndi gawo ili lomwe limamupatsa mwayi kuti akhale woyamba kupeza womzunzayo ndikubwera kwa iye, pomwe ena amakhala kunyanja sanamuone.

Wotsogoza woopsa

Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko atali kwambiri ndi yomwe imadya nyama zam'madzi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'madzi otentha komanso otentha. Zosadabwitsa, koma nyama zodabwitsazi sizipewa kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, shaki wamtali wamtali sanatengedwe ngati wowopsa chifukwa adasaka nyama pagulu. Komabe, mu 2010 panali nthawi zingapo pamene mtunduwu udawukira anthu m'madzi a ku Egypt.

Zotsatira zake, zili zomveka kuti nyama yomwe imadya isamaope ngakhale m'mizinda yotetezeka yomwe idkaoneka kale.

Mitundu iyi ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri, imatha kuwerengedwa gulu la "shaki zazidole". Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali imatha kutalika mikono inayi ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ngakhale nkhaniyo idalembedwa pomwe kulemera kwa nyama yolimbana ndi makilogalamu zana limodzi makumi asanu ndi awiri! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna.

Mawonekedwe Shark

Shaki wamtali wautali amapanga shaki zisanu ndi ziwiri nthawi imodzi, iliyonse yomwe imaposa theka la mita. Nyamayi imafalitsa dzira.

Shaki, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, alibe chikhodzodzo. Chifukwa chake, kuti asamire, amafunika kusuntha nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri mdani amayenda pang'onopang'ono, ngati ulesi, chifukwa zimatenga mphamvu zambiri kuti ziziyenda mwachangu.

Musamaganize kuti pang'onopang'ono mayendedwe akewo. Izi sizimamupangitsa kukhala wopanda vuto konse. Ngati ndi kotheka, amaponyera mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amam'matira.

Shaki yam'madzi yayitali imakhala chilombo choopsa chomwe chimawopseza ngakhale abale ake. Ngati mungayerekeze izi ndi buluu kapena silika, ndiye kuti mosakayikira zimatenga malo oyamba.

Shaki ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chomwe sichinganyalanyaze nyama iliyonse. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti muli ndi chidwi ndi chosambira. Maziko a nyama zodya nyama zam'madzi ndi nsomba ndi squid. Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu azindikira kuti asodzi amakonda kusambira kuseli kwa sitima, amatola zinyalala zilizonse zotayidwa kunja kwa sitimayo. Ngati chimphona kapena chinyama chakufayo chibwera kudutsa mseu, ndiye kuti wolandirayo adzikonzera phwando. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zosavomerezeka zapakhomo kapena zinyalala zimapezeka m'mimba za asodzi akufa.

Ziwopsezo Zamwazi

Zidani izi ndizankhanza kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti moyo wam'madzi aliyense amadya zamtsogolo. Nyama zolimba zimabwera m'njira zawo osati nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake, kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu, asodzi amayesera kudzipangira okha. Zolingalira zoterezi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri ndipo zapulumutsa mobwerezabwereza ku njala.

Zadziwika kwa munthu kuti pomenya nkhondo ya gulu la asodzi a nsomba pambuyo pa phwando, nsomba zambiri zakufa zimasambira kudutsa nyanja.

Modabwitsa, shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali ndi cholengedwa cholimba kwambiri. Panali zochitika zosamveka bwino pamene asodzi, akukulira mabingu am'nyanja, anaiponya munyanja. Zosadabwitsa, koma nthawi yomweyo wolondayo anapitiliza kuzungulila mwakachetechete cofunafuna chakudya.

Chovuta Kutalika Kwambiri

Ndiyenera kunena kuti shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliitali imayipitsa kwambiri kuwedza kwa nsomba. Izi ndichifukwa choti olusa amadya nsomba zambiri, ndipo kuperewera kwawo komanso kuthamanga kwawo posaka nyama sizingafanane ndi kuthekera kwaumunthu. Anthu sangapikisane ndi shaki. Nthawi zambiri nyama zodya zija zimakonda kupezeka kuti zikulowa mu ukonde. Komabe, sizosangalatsa konse kwa munthu. Kuchuluka komwe anthu angachite ndikudya nyama yake kuti idye.

M'kusweka kwa chombo pagombe lotseguka, onse amene adatha kuthawa ali pachiwopsezo chakufa ndi nyama zodya nyama. Amakhala ndi fungo losowa kwambiri, lomwe limawalola kutsata ngozi ndikuwombera anthu.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliitali ndi imodzi mwazinyama zopanda mantha kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amatha kugwirira munthu mosatekeseka kuposa iye, ndipo osaganiza kuti nayenso atha kukhala wolanda.

Wofufuza wotchuka padziko lonse, dzina lake Jacques Yves Cousteau, anati, omwe ali ndi mapiko atali kwambiri ndiwo owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale shaki yoyera yayikulu, shaki zam'madzi ndi shaki zamphongo ndizodziwikanso kwambiri, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu komwe kunalidi mtunduwu. Ziwerengero zakufa ndizovuta kuweruza, popeza panalibe ziwonetsero zovomerezeka pakufa kwa oyendetsa sitimayo omwe adapulumuka pambuyo pa ngozi ya chombo, koma atamwalira ndi shaki. Komabe, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti m'madzi otentha, ambiri mwa anthu omwe adagwidwa ndi madziwo amakhala akuwombedwa ndi shaki yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, chombo chomwe chinali ndi anthu chikwi chimodzi chidagwa pafupi ndi gombe la South Africa. Mpaka lero akukhulupirira kuti ambiri a iwo adamwalira ndendende ndi omwe amadyera. Chifukwa chake pakadali pano, shaki yam'madzi yayitali yamapiko ndi nyama yowopsa, yoyenera kuiwopa.

Kodi shaki womaliza amakhala kuti?

Shaki wautali-bwino amagawidwa m'malo otentha komanso nyanja zonse zam'madzi. Mu biology yake, imafanana ndi shaki wabuluu, koma, mosiyana ndi yotsirizira, imakonda madzi ofunda kwambiri, otentha osachepera madigiri 18.

Chifukwa chake, mitundu iwiri ya adani omwe amasiyana pang'ono, amatha kukhala ngati ali m'masukulu olumikizana (pankhaniyi, shaki yayitali imakonda kukhala yabuluu).

Komabe, m'madzi ozizira ozizira, mitundu yotentha iyi ndiyosowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku East Atlantic, shaki zazitali zazitali nthawi zambiri sizimapezeka kumpoto kwa Spain, popanda kusambira pamtunda wa Bay of Biscay.

Siziwoneka mu Nyanja ya Meditere, yodziwika bwino ndi zovuta zomwe amakhala nazo.

Onani makanema - Shaki yayitali:

Asodzi a mapiko ataliatali, ngati a buluu, amagwira nsomba kusukulu (mackerel, tuna, mackerel, herring) ndi squid. Nthawi yomweyo, amakonda mitundu ikuluikulu yopanga.

Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa "mbale" zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nsomba. Kukonda koteroko kumawononga kuwononga nsomba. Pali milandu yodziwika pamene asodzi ataliatali adawononga mpaka 20% ya nsomba, kuwononga nsomba mwachindunji pamayendedwe asodzi.

Zowona, nthawi imodzimodziyo, alenje nthawi zambiri amawombera mbedza. Komabe, nyama yawo ilibe kukoma. Zipsepse zokha ndipo, motalikira pang'ono, khungu la shark ndi chiwindi zimayamikiridwa.

Chifukwa chake, nsomba zambiri zomwe zimagwidwa nthawi zambiri zimangoponyedwa mnyanja, chifukwa kale zidadula zipsepse zake zazitali.

Kuphatikiza pa kusaka anthu okhala kunyanja, nsomba zazitali sizimakonda kuluma komanso kutaya zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri, amatsatira zombo nthawi yayitali, akudya pafupifupi m'matumba a sitimazo. Nthawi yomweyo, amathamangira ndi zidutswa zomwe amaponya kuchokera kumbali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, oyenda panyanja nthawi zambiri amagwira nsomba zazitali. Zizindikiro pa bolodi zikuwonetsa kupulumuka kwakukulu. Nthawi zina nsomba zamatumbo zomwe zimaponyedwa kale kunyanja, zimangopitilira kuseri kwa sitimayo ndi kumeza zingwe hape.

Kodi nkhuni zazitali zamapiko ndizowopsa bwanji kwa anthu?

Shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali imakhala anthu wamba munyanja. Mosiyana ndi ena ambiri oimira mtundu wakale wa Carcharhinus, mdaniyu samapezeka pafupi ndi gombe. Komabe, maulendo ake osowa kumayiko otchuka amatha kubweretsa phokoso kwambiri pazofalitsa.

Ambiri amatha kukumbukira nkhani ya 2010 ndi kutsekedwa kwa magombe ku Sharm El Sheikh ku Egypt. Choyambitsa kuwukira kwa tchuthi, chifukwa chomwe alendo achi Russia ndi aku Ukraine adagwa manja, panthawiyo anali shaki yayitali.

Komabe, milandu ngati imeneyi ilipobe. Osati chifukwa chakuti shaki yokhala ndi mapiko ataliitali siikhala yankhanza, koma pachifukwa chakuti malo okhala momwemo ndi madzi otseguka a nyanja.

Ndiye chifukwa chake palibenso zochitika zambiri zomwe zimachitidwa ndi anthu owopsa chonchi kwa anthu.

Onani kanema - Longimanus amukira munthu:

Zikuwoneka kuti akadakhala ndi chizolowezi chowonera pafupipafupi m'madzi am'nyanja, ziwonetserozi zikadakhala zopanda chiyembekezo.

Katswiri wina wodziwika bwino kwambiri panyanja, dzina lake Jacques-Yves Cousteau, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti shaki yomalizira ndiyo inali yoopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse yazinyama. Ndipo wopanga zida za scuba, yemwe adaphunzira dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ndi okhalamo moyo wake wonse, adadziwiratu mafunso amenewa.

Zowonongeka za chombo ndi mafupa amwazi wa nyama zodya nyanjayo

Milandu yowopsa kwambiri yakuwombera kwa shaki yayitali ndi yowonongeka chombo. Odyerawa adatola khola lalikulu kwambiri m'nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. M'mazaka amenewo, zochitika zingapo zankhondo zidachitidwa munyanja zam'malo otentha. Sanapite kunkhondo osati zombo zankhondo zokha, komanso sitima zonyamula ma torpedo.

Chifukwa chake, kutali ndi doko la ku South Africa ku Durban, sitima yonyamula anthu ya Nova Scotia sinagwe. Izi zinachitika usiku, ndipo opulumutsa m'mawa mwake adafika.

Pamwamba pa nyanja panali mitembo yambiri yoyandama m'matumba a moyo. Zinapezeka kuti ambiri afa chifukwa cha kugwedwa kwa shaki - miyendo yawo idalumidwa.

Inde, sikuti onse amene anamwalira m'mavuto otere anali akuwazunza asodzi. Kupatula apo, sinditha kuthana ndi anthu ndi mitundu yambiri - zipsinjo, zopanda pake, mako, cannibal karharodon (yoyera yayikulu).

Komabe, ndiye shaki wamtali wamtali wautali kwambiri yemwe ndi wofala kwambiri komanso wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa asodzi onse omwe amakhala m'madzi ofunda a nyanja zoyambira.

Ndipo malinga ndi maumboni a oyendetsa chombo omwe atsala, ndiyomwe imayang'anira ziwonetsero zambiri. Ngakhale, zowonadi, sitidzadziwa za kuchuluka kwa milandu yotere. Palibe amene anganene.

Ngakhale kuti nsomba zazitali zimatha kukhala zoopsa, nsomba zazitali kwambiri zimagwirizana ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Choyambirira, awa ndi oyendetsa ndege, omwe amatha kuwoneka pazithunzi zambiri kutsatira zotsalira zawo.

Pakumwalira kwa shaki, iwo nthawi yomweyo amayesetsa kupeza mbuye watsopano. Oyendetsa ndege amadya zotsalira kuchokera pagome la wolusa ndipo, mwina, amamuthandiza mwa kuyeretsa majeremusi.

Malo okhala shaki ataliatali.

Shaki zokhala ndi ndalama zazitali zimakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Zimasambira mwakuya pafupifupi mita 60 kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi, koma nthawi zina m'madzi osaya mpaka 35. Mtunduwu suyandikira kunyanja.

Magulu ena a shaki amagwirizanitsidwa ndi madera ena komwe miyala ikukhalako, monga Great Barrier Reef. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo okhala ndi mpumulo wokhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiwambiri m'malo am'matanthwe, omwe ndi mipata yaying'ono pakati pa magulu a matanthwe. M'malo oterowo, nsomba zimasaka ndikupuma.

Mano aatali shaki.

Zizindikiro zakunja za shaki yayitali.

Asodzi aatali-achitsulo adatchedwa dzina lawo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zipse zazitali zazitali zazitali zozungulira. Mphepete woyamba wa dorsal fin, pectoral, caudal (malo ake kumtunda ndi otsika), komanso zipsepse zamkati zokhala ndi mawanga oyera okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mbali yakumaso yakuthupi imatha kukhala ya bulauni, imvi kapena imvi, imvi - buluu, komanso m'mimba yonyansa - yoyera kapena yachikasu. Makamaka amenewa amachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana komwe kumachitika ndipo kumachepetsa mwayi womwe ungachitike ngati ukugwidwa.

Thupi la asodzi omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri ndi lodzaza ndi kuwombera kwakanthawi. Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna zomwe zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 3.9 metres ndi masikweya mpaka 170. Amuna amatha kufikira mamita atatu ndi kulemera mpaka 167 kilogalamu. Alipanga ndalama yayikulu ya pectoral, yomwe imawathandiza kuti azitsekeratu madzi. Zimawonjezeranso kukhazikika pakuyenda, zimathandizira kuwonjezera liwiro. Ndalama ya caudal ndi heterocercal.

Maso ali mozungulira, okhala ndi ulusi wonyezimira.

Mphuno m'miyala yosiyanasiyana. Pakamwa poumbidwa ndi khosi ili pansi. Pali magawo 5 a gill slits. Mano ali pachibwano chapansi ndi ochepa, ali ndi serration, kumtunda kwakanthawi kamawonekedwe kawo ,akulirapo kuposa mano a m'nsagwada yam'munsi yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zam'mphepete.

Achichepere amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutulutsa kwamtundu wakuda kwa zipsepse, ndipo lingaliro loyamba la dorsal lili ndi nsonga yachikasu kapena yopepuka. Kenako utoto wakuda umasoweka ndipo mtundu woyera wa chilengedwe umawonekera pamalangizo a zipsepse.

Kudyetsa kwa shaki kwa nthawi yayitali.

Asodzi ataliitali nsomba zambiri zimadya nsomba zazikuluzikuluzikulu monga mbola, zimadya akamba am'nyanja, marlin, squid, tuna, zinyama, carrion. Nthawi zina amasonkhana mozungulira chombocho ndikunyamula zinyalala za chakudya.

Kaŵirikaŵiri, nsomba zazitali kwambiri zimasonkhana m'magulu; pakudya, zimasunthasuntha ndikuthamangitsa kutali kuti zibwere. Nthawi yomweyo, amathamangira nsomba mwachangu, ngati wamisala akamadya chakudya chomwechi ndi amphaka ena.

Zachilengedwe gawo la shark wautali.

Shaki zazitali kwambiri zimayendera limodzi ndi ma remora (a banja la Echeneidae), amadziphatika ku gulu la zilombo zam'madzi ndikuyenda nawo. Nsomba zomwe zimamatirira kukhala ngati oyeretsa, kudya majeremusi akunja, komanso kunyamula zotsalazo za chakudya cha omwe awapeza. Sawopa asodzi ndipo amasambira momasuka pakati pa zipsepse.

Asodzi a nsomba zazitali amathandizanso kusamala pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, monga momwe zimadyera zimakhudza nsomba zomwe zimadya.

Mtengo kwa munthuyo.

Shaki zamtali wautali zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a pelagic, chifukwa chake zolimba zazitali zazitali zimavutika mu nsomba zazitali. Amangodula ndikusodza, ndipo asodziwo amaponyera kunja mtembowo. Izi zimatsogolera kuimfa ya shaki.

Magawo ambiri a matupi a shaki akugulitsa bwino. Chakudya chachikulu cha dorsal chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zakumwa ku Asia kuphika zakudya zapa shark; msuziwu umadziwika kuti ndiwo chakudya cha ku China. Misika ya nsomba imagulitsa nyama ya shaki mu mawonekedwe achisanu, osuta komanso atsopano. Khungu la shark limapanga zopangira zovala zolimba. Ndipo mafuta ochokera ku chiwindi cha shark amachititsa mavitamini.

Shill cartilage amachotsedwa ndikafukufuku wakuchipatala omwe akuchitika pofufuza chithandizo cha psoriasis.

Shark wanthawi yayitali.

Ogwira nsomba zazitali kwambiri amagwidwa pamtengo waukulu, pafupifupi kulikonse, komwe kuli nsomba za maulendo a pelagic osachedwa kusuntha. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zam'mimbazi zimagwidwa ndimtambo wautali, koma 28% ya nsomba imachokera kwa achinsomba omaliza. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba zimavulala kwambiri zikagwidwa ndi maukonde ndipo sizipulumuka. Kugwidwa kwa nsomba zamtunduwu ndi kochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa chake nsomba zazitali zazitali zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa IUCN ngati mtundu "wopanda chiopsezo".

Kusunga zisombazi kumafunika mgwirizano wamayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi apangidwa kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mayiko ogwirira ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mayiko omwe asodzi, zomwe zikuwonetsa njira zowonetsetsa kuti asodzi omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri asungidwe. Njira zina zoletsa kugwirira koopsa zatengedwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana ndi m'malo otetezeka a m'madzi. Ogwira nsomba zazitali kwambiri, malinga ndi CITES Appendix II, amatetezedwa popeza akuwopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.