Zocheperako kuposa kestrel - kutalika kwa thupi 28-31 cm, kulemera kwa 130-190 g.Wingspan 75 cm. Amuna ndi ovomerezeka akuda ndi mkamwa wofiirira komanso ma plumage ofiira. Yaikazi imasokonezeka mosavuta ndi choko, koma imakhalanso ndi maula ofiira kumapazi ake, mutu wofiyira komanso korona wowala. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi korona wowala. Falcon amakhala ndi mapiko aatali komanso mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana pam mchira. Ino ndi mbalame yokhazikika yomwe imakonda kampani.

Amakhala m'matanthwe, nkhalango zopondera, mapiri ndi zitunda. Sikhala m'nkhalango.

Imakhala m'makhola, nthawi zambiri imasankha malo omwe ankayendayenda. Yaikazi imayamba kuyikira mazira kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Makolo onsewa amalowetsa mazira owaza a 3-4 omwe amakhala ndi makoko oterera otuwa ndi malo a bulauni, ndipo mkazi amatero usiku ndi asanafike anapiye. Matchutsi amakoka pambuyo masiku 28. Pambuyo pakuwonekera, yamphongo imapatsira chakudya chachikazi pachisa, ndipo iye amapatsira ana ake. Tiyerekezi taulesi kapena tachedwe kwambiri timafa chifukwa chakudya chimaperekedwa kwa anapiye omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri.

Amadyetsa tizilombo tambiri (udzu, chinkhandwe), mbewa ndi abuluzi.

Ara parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Kobchik ndi mtundu wawung'ono wocheperako, womwe umafanana ndi momwe umakhalira ndi kestrel, koma umasiyana ndi mapiko ochepa. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumachokera pa 28 mpaka 33 cm, kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 23-35 masentimita, mapiko ndi kuyambira 65 mpaka 77 cm, kulemera kwake kumayambira pa 130 mpaka 197. Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wopanda mphamvu.

Mapaundi

Makulidwe aimuna ndi amaso amtundu (pafupifupi wakuda) wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi njerwa yofiyira ya tummy, mchira wamkati ndi "mathalauza". Yachikazi imakhala yooneka bwino komanso yopindika kumaso kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira, m'mimba mwake mumakongoletsedwa ndi maulendo ataliitali, ndipo "masharubu" akuda amawoneka pankhope pake. Kukula kwachichepere kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira ndi m'mimba wopepuka wokhala ndi zozungulira zazitali. Miyendo, nthenga ndi ma peri-ocular mphete zazimuna zofiira-ndi lalanje, zachikasu mwa mbalame zazing'ono. Zovala zimayera zofiirira. Iris ndi yakuda.

Zomwe zimadya

Nyama, monga mbalame zonse zodya nyama, amakonda zakudya za nyama. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono amenewa amadyera makamaka tizilombo tambiri, monga chinjoka kapena kafadala. M'malo awo otentha nthawi yachisanu, omwe amakhala ku Africa, mbalame zimakonda kudya dzombe.

Ngati, pazifukwa zina, tizilombo sitikukhala komwe nkhanu zimakhala, mbalame zimayamba kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Zikatero, nkhandwe zazing'ono zimakonda kudya mbewa, komanso kuwonjezera abuluzi ndi njoka zazing'ono kuzakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, mpheta, ndipo nthawi zina, ngakhale mbalame zazikulu ngati nkhunda, zimasandukiridwa ndi falcon.

Mtundu wamtundu wa Latinwu wotchedwa falcon "vespertinus" umamasuliridwa kuti "madzulo", komabe, mbalame imasaka masana masana, masana.

Khalidwe labwinobwino la falcon sikuti limangovulaza mbewu zaulimi, koma, m'malo mwake, limathandizira kuti pakhale mbewu zambiri, chifukwa kagulu kakang'ono kamene kamawononga mwachangu tizilombo, kafadala, dzombe, ndi phokoso silimalola mbalame zomwe zimadulira mbewu.

Zabodza zimasungidwa mu ukapolo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zodyedwa. Kunyumba, amuna amakhala omasuka chifukwa amakhala ngati omangika ndipo amatha kuzolowera zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Malo omwe amagawikirako gawo la falcon ndi nkhalango yam'mphepete mwa Eurasia, kuyambira ku Eastern Europe ndi Balkan Peninsula kumadzulo mpaka kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Vilyui, Mtsinje wa Lena komanso gombe la Nyanja ya Baikal kum'mawa. Kumpoto kumakhala mitundu yofanana ndi yaying'ono yaying'ono - Amur falcon yaying'ono.

Ana agalu ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kum'mwera kwa Africa, ndipo pang'ono kum'mwera kwa Asia. Ndege zimachitika nthawi zonse m'magulu akulu, mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina za banja la falcon.

Amphongo wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizere ya akhwangwala kapena matsenga, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'maenje, mumiyendo, komanso m'miyendo. Mbalame zimapanga magulu akuluakulu ndi awiriawiri. Kuchokera m'malo okizira nyengo yachisanu amabwerera ku Meyi, ndipo amanyamuka kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Oyambitsa miyendo yofiyira mofiira amaberekera mochedwa, popeza nthawi yokhala chisa chawo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi yomwe kubadwa kwa dzombe ndi tizilombo tina.

Amur kapena Oriental, Redfin (Falco amurensis)

Potengera kukula ndi momwe amakhalira, nyamazo zimakumbukira kwambiri mzere wamba, koma zimasiyana ndi maula. Amur kobchik amapaka utoto wonyezimira; mawonekedwe ake ndi masaya oyera oyera. Tummy ya mbalame ndiyonso yoyera, malo. Amuna, kunsi kwa mapikowo ndi koyera. Akazi ndi achinyamata ali ndi mutu wakuda wokhala ndi khosi loyera komanso masaya. Nthenga pamiyendo ndi pansi pa mchira wa mchira nazonso ndi zoyera.

Mitunduyo malinga ndi dzinalo ili ponseponse ku Far East (kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Mongolia chakum'mawa, North Korea). Ku Russia, mbalameyi imapezeka ku Transbaikalia, Amur Region ndi Primorye. M'nyengo yozizira, ngati fumbi wamba, limasamukira kumwera kwa Africa, pomwe mbalame zimawuluka pafupifupi 10,000 km.

Maziko a chakudya cha Amur kobchik ndi tizilombo. Mbalameyi imakhala chomera pamitengo kapena m'maenje. Kwa moyo wonse, amakonda kusankha malo osakira nkhalango, omwe ali kunja kwa mapiri, komwe kuli malo onse okwera ndege komanso mwayi wopeza chakudya.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kugonana kwamisala kwa falcon kumawonetsedwa ndi imvi yakuda, pafupifupi zakuda zakuda zazimayi, zomwe pamimba pake, m'mataya amkati ndi "thalauza" zimakhala zofiira kwambiri. Yaikazi mumapulogalamuyi ndi yopepuka, yovunda komanso yodera imakhala yayikulu mu utoto wake, palinso mikwingwirima yosinthana kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira, ndi miyendo yayitali pamimba, nkhope ya akazi ndizokongoletsedwa ndi "masharubu" akuda.

Kuswana

Amuna amafika kumalo odyera kumapeto, m'mwezi wa Meyi, choncho nthawi ino nthawi yakukhwima imayamba.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira atatu mpaka 6, omwe amakhala mkati mwa masiku 25 mpaka 28. Nthawi yonseyi, mkazi samasiya chimbudzi kwa mphindi imodzi, ndipo mwamunayo amamuyang'anira ndikumubweretsera chakudya. Ndi panthawiyi, pomwe fupa lachikazi likuchita kuswa mazira, mutha kumva mawu a nyimbo ya munthu wamwamuna, yomwe amafalitsa pakusaka.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Julayi, anapiye omwe adangoyamba kumenewo ayima kale pamapiko ndipo mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti amawuluka bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kudzipezera okha chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pofika nthawi yosamukira ku nyumba yozizira ku Africa, mbalame zazing'ono zayamba kukhala gulu lonse lagulu ndikudziyimira pawokha.

Moyo womwe amuna amakhala nawo kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 16, atakhala akapolo, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ku Africa, nyengo iliyonse, anthu okhala komweko amatenga mbalame zingapo, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo "amatola" nkhosa zawo, zomwe sizibwerera kumayiko awo ndikusunga mbewu kuti zisatenge dzombe, mbewa zam'minda ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Amuna oterewa "otchulidwa" amakhala ndi moyo zaka 18.

Zosangalatsa

• Amuna amatha kuukira heron, koma osati ngati chakudya chodyera, koma kuti achotse chisa ku heron.
• Ana agalu ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe, amakhala m'magulu, anyani aamuna amasamalira akazi nthawi ya chakudya. Komabe, ndikotheka kugwira ndikusintha thukuta nthawi iliyonse, kupatula nthawi yomwe mazira amafikira. Zabodza zazing'ono izi zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere, chosinthika, ndizosavuta, koma popeza amakonda kuuluka, amatha kuuluka kuchokera kwa eni. Kale, mapiko ankadulidwa amuna anzawo chifukwa cha izi. Komabe, pali zitsanzo zambiri za momwe anthu adapezera galu wovulazidwa, kumuyamwa ndikumumasulira, ndipo mbalameyo idabweranso, ndipo ngakhale itadyedwa.
• Ana agalu amabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa anthu. Amawononga udzu wambiri ndi tizirombo tina tomwe timathandiza kuti mbeu zisasungidwe. Makamaka abambo ndiwothandiza pakuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa makoswe ndi tizilombo zovulaza.
• Mpaka pano, chiwerengero cha falcon chokhala ndi miyendo yofiira chikucheperachepera. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndi mankhwala omwe anthu amathirira minda. Mbuto zodyera mbalame zimachepetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kubereka kwawo. Ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono amalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amafunika kutetezedwa kwakukulu. Masiku ano amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati mitundu yosowa, komanso yodziwika ndi "boma lomwe lili pafupi kuwopsezedwa." M'mayiko ambiri, kuwombera kosaka ka falcon kumaletsedwa ndi lamulo.