Arctic ndi malo omwe amakhala mozungulira North Pole. Pali masiku ndi usiku wa polar, nyengo yotentha imakhala yozizira kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa chilimwe sikukwera pamwamba pa zero. Koma kwa zolengedwa zambiri, mikhalidwe yopitirira muyeso imangokhala kuphatikiza. Zinyama zomwe zimakhala mu Arctic. Tikukupatsani mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri ku Arctic.
Nyama zodya nyama za ku Arctic
Nyama zolusa kwambiri ku Arctic ndi asaka achiwawa omwe amakhala ndi chidwi chodya nyama ndipo amatha kuwononga ziweto, ngakhale anthu. Kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala mdera la Arctic kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mandimu, omwe ndi "zakudya zabwino" kwa nkhandwe zamtchire, mimbulu, mimbulu yolusa, ndipo nthawi zina zimamera.
1. Chimbalangondo
Membala wamkulu kwambiri wabanja la Bear, omwe adalembedwa mu Red Book of the World kumbuyo mu 1953, samapezeka kwina kulikonse kupatula ku Arctic. Kwa moyo, amafunika mafunde oundana, chimwala kapena m'mphepete mwa malo oundana ndi zisindikizo - chakudya chomwe amakonda.
Malo okhala chimbalangondo polar chomwe chili pafupi kwambiri ndi mtengowo ali ndi kutalika kwa 88 ° 15 '. Zimbalangondo zamphongo zina zazimuna zimafikira mamita atatu kutalika ndi matani a kulemera. Koma ndi mtundu wochititsa chidwi chotere komanso wowonekera pang'onopang'ono, zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar ndizinyama zoyenda kwambiri komanso zolimba.
Zimbalangondo za Polar ndizosambira zabwino kwambiri, zokhala ndi madzi oundana pafupifupi 80 km, ndipo nembanemba pamipu yawo imawathandiza pamenepa. Zimbalangondo za Polar zimayenda pafupifupi makilomita 40 patsiku, zosavuta kuthana ndi ma ice hummocks ndi akadaulo akuya. Ubweya wa polar umasungabe kutentha kwambiri mwakuti ngakhale kulingalira kwa mlengalenga sikumazindikira.
2. Wolverine
Woimira wamkulu wa banja la a Kunih, nyama yolusa komanso nyama yosusuka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa nyama iyi kuukira ziweto komanso anthu, imatchedwanso Demoni waku North. Kulemera kwa wolverines kumasiyana kuchokera pa 9 mpaka 30 kg, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ali ngati ma badger kapena zimbalangondo.
Mosiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banja la Kunih, wolverine amasamukira mkati mwake, akusaka chakudya nthawi zonse. Nyama imakwera mitengo mosavuta chifukwa cha zopanga zake zakuthwa ndi mphamvu zake. Zimamveka zofanana ndi kuponya kwa agalu, kumamva bwino, kumva komanso kununkhiza.
Wolverine ndi wopatsa mphamvu, amatha, monga kudya zotsalazo za nyama zina zodya nyama, ndipo ngakhale kusaka nyama yayikulu payekha, imadya masamba - zipatso, mtedza. Ichi ndi nyama yolimba mtima komanso yoipa kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale mwini wa Arctic, Polar Bear, akakumana, amayesa kumupewa.
3. Mimbulu yolusa
Mbiriyi ya nkhandwe imakhala nthawi yonse ya tundra ndi Arctic. Nthawi zambiri amadya nyama zing'onozing'ono - ma polar hares ndi lemmings, koma ng'ombe za musk ndi reindeer nazonso ndi gawo lazakudya zake. M'masiku ovuta a ma polar usiku komanso nthawi yayitali yozizira, adasinthasintha ndi chakudya chamtundu uliwonse.
Mimbulu yaku Polar imatha kupulumuka mu paketi. M'madera opezeka ku zipululu za Arctic, komwe kulibe malo obisalirako, amayenera kupita kwina - njira zosakira anthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri amayembekeza moleza mtima kuti olakwikawo alakwitse ndi kufooketsa chitetezo.
4. Mbulu wa Arctic, kapena nkhandwe ya polar
Mbidzi kapena nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa, ndiyomwe imayimira mtundu wa arctic fox. Mosiyana ndi nkhandwe wamba, iye ali ndi phokoso lalifupi, khutu laling'ono lozungulira, lophimbaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba komanso thupi la squat. Kutengera ndi nyengo, ubweya wa nkhandwe umatha kukhala woyera, buluu, bulauni, imvi zakuda, khofi wowala kapena mchenga. Pamenepa, mitundu 10 ya nyama yomwe imakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana imasiyanitsidwa.
Osapitirira theka la kilomita kuchokera kumadzi, nkhandwe ya arctic imakumba mabowo ovuta ndi makomo ambiri. Koma nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuchita dzenje chipale chofewa. Amadya chilichonse, zonse ziwiri nyama ndi nyama zimangodya. Koma pamaziko a chakudya chake ndi mbalame ndi mandimu.
Zitsamba
Malo akulu akumpoto amatetezedwa oimira nyama zakutchire m'gawo lake. Ndipo sizikumveka kuti ndizachilendo bwanji, koma padziko lapansi pano padziko lapansi pano pamakhala oyimilira a ziphuphu. Tsiku lililonse amayamba kufunafuna chakudya. Kusintha kosalekeza kokha komwe kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe kungathetsedwe.
Hare wa Arctic
Nyama iyi ndi nyama yodabwitsa. M'mbuyomu, zidachitika chifukwa chamakungu a hare, koma lero ndiwosiyana ndi mitundu. Ili ndi makutu afupi, potero kuchepetsa kutentha. Ubweya wake ndi wosalala komanso wandiweyani, womwe umapulumutsanso chimfine. Mchirawo ndi wa 5 cm yokha, koma miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuyenda pamtunda wambiri.
Kudyetsa
Makoko awa siosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a hamster wamba. Chinyama chaching'ono kutalika kumafika masentimita 8 mpaka 15 okha ndipo chimalemera pafupifupi 70-80 g.Timakutu tating'ono timabisala pansi pa ubweya, womwe m'mabuku ena umakhala woyera nthawi yozizira. Kubisa kumeneku kumathandizira kubisala kwa zilombo zowopsa. Komabe, mwa oimira ambiri, ubweya ndi wa imvi kapena wa imvi. Rodent imapezeka komwe kuli masamba. Adazolowera nyengo yovuta. Ma lemming amadya mphukira zazing'ono, mbewa, zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 2 zokha.
Reindeer
Chinyama chokongola chomwe chimavala nyanga zam'mutu pamutu pake komanso chovala chofunda komanso chofunda. Mwangwiro ndinazolowera nyengo yovuta ya ku Arctic. Reindeer amadyetsa ndi moss reindeer moss. Amalemera pafupifupi 200 kg ndikufika kutalika kwa 1.5 metres. Sichikhala m'chigawo chonse chokha, komanso kumakhala zilumba zapafupi. Zomera zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ziboda zazikulu.
Musk ng'ombe
Chinyama chachikulu komanso champhamvu. Ng'ombe ya musk imatha kutalika mpaka 1.5 metres, ndi kulemera mpaka 650 kg. Nyama zazikazi zokhala ndi zobiriwira izi zimakhala ndi malaya amtali komanso otalika omwe amatenthetsa komanso kuteteza kumphepo zamkuntho zotentha za m'chilengedwe chathu. Amakhala pamagulu akulu az zolinga 20-30. Chifukwa chake amatetezedwa kwa adani. Amadyera moss, mizu yamtengo, ndere, udzu ndi maluwa. Zingwe zopindika zimakuthandizani kuyenda momasuka pa ayezi ndi m'miyala, komanso kumasula matalala kuti mupeze masamba.
Chipale chofunda
Amadziwikanso kuti ndi chipembere kapena chubuk. Ichi ndi nyama yokongola ya artiodactyl yokhala ndi zolembera zokongola pamutu pake. Nkhosa yotsekerayo ndiyosachedwa komanso yamtendere. Imagwira ntchito masana, koma imatha kusaka chakudya usiku. Amakhala m'mapiri m'magulu a nyama 20-30. Amadyapo ndere, nyemba, mizu yamitengo, singano, udzu wouma ndi zomela zina, zomwe zimakumba pansi pa chipale chofewa.
Nkhandwe yotchuka
Mbawala ya Arctic imakhala ndi zinthu zina zomwe imalola kuti ikhale m'malo ovuta a Arctic. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ubweya wake, womwe umasintha mtundu kuchokera ku bulauni (mtundu wa chilimwe) kukhala woyera (mtundu wachisanu). Chovala chofewa chanthete chimathandizira nkhandwe kusadziletsa komanso kutetezedwa bwino kuzizira.
1. Walrus
Yemwe amangoyimira banja lamakono la Walrus ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa chifukwa cha zida zake zazikulu. Kukula kwakukulu pakati pa zikhomo, kumatenga malo achiwiri njovu ya ku Nyanja, koma magulu a nyama izi samadutsana. Ma Walruse amakhala m'mabusa ndipo amateteza molimba mtima kwa adani awo.
Chiwombankhanga
Mphungu zokhala chizindikiro cha dziko la America. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo ochulukirapo kuposa Arctic. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame yokongola ku North America konse - kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Mexico. Orlan amatchedwa mutu wa dazi chifukwa cha nthenga zoyera zomwe zimamera pamutu pake. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimagwira nsomba: kusambira pansi, zimatulutsa nsomba kutuluka m'madzi ndi manja awo.
2. Chisindikizo
Amachulukana, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Pacific, Atlantic ndi Arctic. Ndiwosambira kwambiri, ngakhale kutali ndi gombe sapezeka. Zisindikizo sizimazizira m'madzi ozizira chifukwa cha zigawo za mafuta ndi ubweya wopanda madzi.
3. Fur chisindikizo
Zisindikizo za fur pamodzi ndi mikango yam'nyanja ndi za banja la zisindikizo zamkati. Zisindikizo, zikuyenda, kupuma miyendo yonse, ndipo maso awo ali ndi chithunzi chakuda. M'nyengo yotentha, chisimba cha North fur chimakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, imasamukira kumwera.
Mbalame
M'madera akumpoto, mbalame zambiri zimakhala. Ambiri aiwo amawuluka kupita kukazizira kumadera otentha, ena amabala ana kumadera ena. Miyendo yamadzi am'madzi yopanda nthenga, koma yopyozedwa ndimitsempha yamagazi - ichi ndichitetezo ku hypothermia. Kuwala kwa mbalame zambiri za m'nthaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopepuka, komwe kumawalola kuti adziwonetse okha m'chipale chofewa.
4. Zisindikizo za njovu za Kumpoto
Tiyenera kudziwa apa kuti zisindikizo za njovu zimagawidwa kumpoto (okhala ku Arctic) ndi kumwera (okhala ku Antarctic). Njovu zam'nyanja zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha kukula kochititsa chidwi ndi mphuno ngati amuna amuna okalamba. Amakhala kugombe la Arctic ku North America ngakhale kumwera. Amuna achikulire amalemera matani 3.5.
Caribou / Reindeer
Ku Europe, caribou amadziwika kuti reindeer. Deer adazolowera bwino nyengo yozizira ya Kumpoto. Ali ndi mano akuluakulu m'mphuno mwake omwe amatenthetsera kutentha kwa chisanu. Zingwe za nyamayi nthawi yozizira zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zovutirapo, ndikupangitsa kuti kulera kuyende kuyenda ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Pakusamukira, ng'ombe zina zodziwika bwino zimayenda maulendo ataliatali. Palibe nyama ina iliyonse yomwe ikukhala padziko lapansi yomwe ikhoza kuchita izi.
Nyama zam'madzi za ku Arctic
Palibe nyama iliyonse yam'madzi yomwe ingafanane ndi kuthekera kwake kukhala mu nyengo zovuta kwambiri ku Arctic ndi cetaceans monga beluga whale, narwhal ndi whale wowerama. Alibe ndalama yapadera mu ma cetaceans ena. Pafupifupi mitundu 10 ya zinyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhala ku Arctic - anamgumi (finwales, buluu, humpbacks ndi sperm whales) ndi dolphin (anamgumi opha). Tiye tikambirane za otchuka kwambiri a iwo.
Ermine
Ermine ndi wa banja la maimelo. Dzinali ermine nthawi zina limangogwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza nyama pakhungu lake loyera nthawi yachisanu.
Ermines ndi asaka owopsa omwe amadya makoswe ena. Nthawi zambiri, amakhalanso m'makola a omwe akuwazunza, m'malo momakumba okha nyumba zawozawo.
Shaki ya Polar
Asodzi a polar ndi nyama zodabwitsa. Chithunzichi chidatengedwa ndi US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Asodzi a ku Polar ndi zimphona zodabwitsa zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo cha Arctic. Chithunzichi chidatengedwa ndi US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Dinani pa chithunzi kuti mudziwe zambiri za nyama iyi.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba za polar zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean kugombe la Canada ndi Greenland. Mwa mitundu yonse ya amphaka, ndiye akumpoto kwambiri. Nyama izi zimasambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimakonda kugwira zodyera uku zikugona. Komanso, nsomba za ma polar sizimadana ndi zomwe amadya omwe amadya anzawo atatha kudya.
1. Narwhal
Amasiyana pamaso pa mano awiri apamwamba, pomwe wina wamanzere amakhala wamtali mpaka 3 mita kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka 10 kg. Ndi mankhusu awa, amphaka amaswa ayezi, kupanga chowawa, chimathandizanso kukopa zazikazi ndi zina zambiri.
Zeze
Pobadwa, agalu osindikiza azeze amakhala ndi chovala cha ubweya wachikasu. Amakhala woyera pakapita masiku atatu. Nyama ikamakula, khungu lake limayamba kukhala ndi imvi. Zingwe za harp zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri osanjikiza omwe amasunga kutentha bwino. Zinsomba zosindikizira zimakhala ngati chosinthanitsa ndi kutentha: M'chilimwe kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa kudzera mwa iwo, ndipo nthawi yozizira thupi limatenthedwa chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa zipsepse m'madzi.
Nkhandwe ya Arctic
Zokhudza banja la canine. Chidwi chokongola choterechi chimadziwika chifukwa cha chovala chofunda cha ubweya wa chic kutali kwambiri ndi Arctic. Ichi ndi nyama yaying'ono mpaka 30 cm kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka 50 kg. Wotsogola amathamanga kwambiri ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira kwake. Nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pafupi ndi zimbalangondo posaka ndikudya zotsala zake. Nyama imatha kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi makolo abwino. Akaziwo akangokhala ndi pakati, wamwamuna amayamba kusaka awiri, kubweretsa nyama mpaka kubadwa kwa ana.
Belyak
Chapadera posachedwa mwanjira ina, sizitchulanso hare wamba yoyera. Khola la Arctic lili ndi makutu amfupi. Izi zimachepetsa kutentha. Ubweya wosalala, wosalala umapulumutsanso kuzizira. Kulemera kwa thupi la ku Arctic whitic ndizochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse. Kutalika, wokhala kumpoto amafika 70 cm.
Pa chithunzi cha nyama ya Arctic Nthawi zambiri amadya magawo a mitengo. Ichi ndiye maziko a chakudya choyera. Komabe, mbale zomwe mumakonda ndi masamba, zipatso, udzu wachichepere.
Azungu achizungu amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamba wamba ndi makutu amfupi.
3. Nyanja ya Greenland
Uyu ndiye yekhayo woimirira wa baleen whale, akukhala moyo wake wonse mkati mwa madzi ozizira a North Hemisphere. Chapakatikati amasamukira kumpoto, ndipo kumapeto amayenda pang'ono kumwera, kupewa ayezi. Amadyetsa plankton.
4. Killer whale (Whale Whale)
Nyama yotchedwa Killer whale ndiyo dolphin yayikulu kwambiri. Mtundu wake ndi wosiyanitsa - wakuda ndi woyera wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera pamaso. Chinthu china choyambirira cha anamgumi opha ndi kukokomeza kwapamwamba kwambiri. Chiwerengero chosiyanasiyana cha nyama zodyerazi chimagwira ntchito ina yodyetsa. Anapiwe owapha amawakonda akakula ndipo amasamukira kusukulu zawo, pomwe ena amasaka mapikidwe. Alibe oyimbirana ndipo ndiwopamwamba pamtambo wa chakudya.
Partridge
M'nyengo yozizira, magawo ena amakhala ndi maula oyera, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuzindikira chisanu. Amapeza chakudya pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo nthawi yotentha, mbalamezi zimadyera makamaka zipatso, mbewu ndi mphukira zobiriwira zamera. Partridge ili ndi mayina ambiri amderalo, monga, mwachitsanzo, "grouse yoyera" kapena "talovka", "alder".
Kutha komaliza (hatchet)
Mapeto akufa ndi mbalame zodabwitsa, zimatha kuuluka ndikusambira. Mapiko achidule, ngati zipsepse mu nsomba, amawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu mzere wamadzi. Ma puffins ali ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera komanso milomo yowoneka bwino. Mbalamezi zimapanga zigawo zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuchokera pamiyala, ma puffins amathumphira m'madzi, kumene amafunafuna chakudya.
Kalulu
Khola loyera limakhala loyera nthawi yozizira yokha. M'chilimwe, khungu lake limakhala lofiirira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yachisanu, miyendo yake yakumbuyo imakuliratu ndi ubweya wakuda, imakhala yayikulu komanso yotentha. Izi zimalepheretsa kalulu kuti asagwere muchisanu.
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira walrus ndi nsonga zake zazikulu, ndevu zazitali komanso zazitali. Ma Walruse, nyama zazikulu komanso zolemerazi, zinkakonda kusakidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyama ndi mafuta. Tsopano ma walruse ali pansi pa chitetezo cha boma, ndipo kusaka kwawo nkoletsedwa.
Zosindikiza
Chisindikizo chodziwika kwambiri cha Arctic komanso zakudya zabwino za zimbalangondo. Zotsatirazi zikagweranso mndandanda wazotetezedwa, ndiye kuti izi sizowopsa kwa anthu osindikizidwa. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa mu Arctic, anthu 3 miliyoni. Kukula kwamachitidwe.
Kulemera kwambiri kwa chosindikizira chakumanja ndi ma kilogalamu 70. Kutalika, nyamayi imafika masentimita 140. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Nyanja
Ayi, chachikulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kuli ngati theka la toni. Kutalika, nyamayi ndiyofanana 250cm. Popanga mawonekedwe, hare limasiyana ndi zisindikizo zina zokhala ndi miyendo yakutsogolo pafupifupi yokhala kumapeto kwa phewa, yosunthidwa mbali.
Ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, hare ya kunyanja imasowa mano amphamvu. Ocheperako ndi otopa msanga, amagwa. Zisindikizo zakale nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nsagwada zamano. Izi zimasokoneza kusaka nsomba - maziko a zakudya za nyama yomwe imadyera nyama.
Makoswe a Arctic
Ndikosatheka kuonanso kufunikira kwa mandimu chifukwa cha nyama m'chipululu cha Arctic.Amadyetsa pafupifupi nyama zonse za kumtunda. Ndipo zikho za polar sizimapanga chisa ngati kuchuluka kwa ma lemmings sikuli bwino.
Nyama za ku Arctic zolembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira
Pakadali pano, nyama zina ku Arctic zili pangozi. Kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kwa anthu mu nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic kumabweretsa chiopsezo ku nyama zamtchire. Oimira otsatirawa a lamba wa Arctic adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinyama za Arctic zomwe zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
- Chimbalangondo.
- Bowhead whale.
- Narwhal.
- Reindeer.
- Atlantic ndi Laptev walruses.
Ng'ombe za musk zilinso mtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe. Makolo ake ankakhala Padziko lapansi nthawi yamamoms.
Mu June 2009, mothandizidwa ndi boma la Russia, Russian Arctic National Park idapangidwa, ntchito yayikulu ndikusunga ndikuwunika oimira maluwa ndi nyama za ku Arctic, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Nyama za ku Arctic sizikhala ku North Pole, ndizosatheka kukhala kumeneko. Amakhala ochulukirapo kumadera akum'mwera kwa Arctic Ocean, pamphepete mwa nyanja komanso kuzilumba.
Chithandizo
Ichi ndi mbadwa ya ma glacial expanses. Mbalame yokhala ndi ulusiyo ndi yayitali kukula, kulemera mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo ndiyotalika masentimita 40. Mapiko ndi ochepa pang'onopang'ono, motero nkovuta kuti chiwongolero chinyamuka. Mbalameyi imakonda kuthamanga kuchoka m'miyala, nthawi yomweyo imagwidwa mlengalenga. Kuchokera pamtunda, gitala imanyamuka itatha kuthamanga kwa mita 10.
Pamwamba ndi lakuda ndipo pamwamba ndi loyera. Pali mbalame zakuda komanso zopyapyala. Amadziwika m'magulu awiri osiyana. Onse ali ndi ndowe zopatsa thanzi. Ma Shellfish ndi nsomba zimawadya mosangalatsa.
Pinki wonyezimira
Anthu okhala kumpoto kwa kumpoto amadzamutcha kuti kuyambira kwa Arctic Circle. Komabe, m'zaka zana zapitazi, anthu omwewo a ku Arctic, makamaka a Eskimos, amadya nsomba za m'madzi ndikuzigulitsa zokhazokha kwa azungu. Kwa imodzi iwo adatenga madola 200. Zonsezi zidachepetsa kuchuluka pang'ono kwa mbalame zapinki. Amalembedwa pa Mndandanda Wofiyira ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi.
Kutalika kwa kiyuni ya pinki sikupitirira masentimita 35. Kumbuyo kwa chinyama kunali kwamtambo, ndipo bere ndi m'mimba ndizofanana ndi kamvekedwe ka flamingo. Miyendo ndi yofiyira. Mlomo ndi wakuda. Khosi pakhosi ndilofanana.
Chistik
Zomera m'mphepete mwa miyala, utoto wakuda. Pali zoyera pamapiko. Thambo la mbalameyo ndi lofiira kwambiri. Kamvekedwe kofananako pa ma paws. Kutalika, cholembera chimafika masentimita 40.
Chistiki ku Arctic ndi ambiri. Pali pafupifupi 3,000,000 awiriawiri. Anthuwo amadya nsomba. Zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Lurik
Woyang'anira pamisika yam'mwera. Zoweta m'malo akulu. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi madzi komanso mtunda wa makilomita 10.
Lurik ndiwofupikitsa ndipo amakhala ngati wavala suti. Chifuwa cha mbalameyo ndi choyera, ndipo pamwamba pake chilichonse ndi chakuda, monga pansi pamimba. Mutu ulinso wamdima. Kukula kwa zovunda ndi zazing'ono.
Punochka
Zoyenera kukhala oatmeal, kakang'ono, zolemera 40 g. Mbalame zosamukasamuka, ochokera kumayiko ofunda amabwerera ku Arctic mu Marichi. Amuna ndi oyamba kufika. Amapanga zisa. Zikazi zikafika, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba.
Pankhani ya zakudya, agulugufe ndi omnivores. M'chilimwe, mbalame zimakonda chakudya chanyama pogwira tizilombo. M'dzinja, agulugufe amapita ku zipatso ndi bowa.
Kadzidzi owala
Pakati pa kadzidzi, wamkulu kwambiri. Mapiko a mapiko ake ali ndi sentimita 160. Monga nyama zambiri za ku Arctic, ndi yoyera ngati chipale. Uwu ndi njira yophikira. Kuti chiwonekere chakunja chikuwonjezedwa popanda kuwuluka. Izi zimathandiza kadzidzi kugwira nyama. Kwenikweni amakhala mandimu. Kwa miyezi 12, kadzidzi amadya makoswe oposa theka ndi theka.
Zachisa, zikho za polar zimasankha zitunda, kuyesa kupeza malo ouma popanda matalala.
Arctic owl ndiye woimira wamkulu wa banja la kadzidzi
Mosiyana ndi mitundu 20 ya mbalame zam'madzi mu Arctic, 90 zinthu. Chifukwa chake kuyankhula za nyama za ku Arctic, nthawi yambiri mumakonda mbalame. Kuti ndiwaphunzire, komanso dera lokha, linayamba m'zaka za m'ma 4 BC.
Malipoti a Pifey a Marseilles asungidwa. Adayenda ulendo waku Tula. Awo anali dzina ladzikolo kumpoto chakutali. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu ambiri adaphunzira za Arctic. Masiku ano, mayiko asanu akufunsira izi. Zowona, aliyense samakondwera kwambiri mwapadera monga momwe alumali ndi mafuta.
Arctic Tern
Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) - Imodzi mwa mitundu ya tern yodziwika chifukwa cha kusamuka kwawo. Mbalamezi zimatha nthawi yoweta ku Arctic ndipo zimasamukira ku Antarctic nthawi yachisanu kumpoto chakumadzulo. Panthawi yosamukira, ma polar terns amatha mpaka 70,000 km.
Chimbalangondo
chimbalangondo (Ursus Maritimus) - imodzi mwazinyama zazikuluzikulu padziko lapansi. Zimbalangondo za Polar zimakhala ndi chakudya chomwe chimakhala chopangidwa kwathunthu ndi zisindikizo zamtambo ndi zisindikizo. Komanso nthawi zina amadya nyama yakugwera kugombe, zopanda nsapato, ndi mazira a mbalame. Malo okhala zimbalangondo za polar ndi ochepa ku Arctic, komwe kuli ayezi ndi zisindikizo zambiri zomwe zimapanga malo abwino kwa adani oopsa awa.
Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) - Nyama yayikulu yam'madzi yomwe imakhala ku Arctic Ocean, gombe la Eastern Siberia, Wrangel Island, Nyanja ya Beaufort komanso gombe la North Alaska. Ma Walruse amadya nyama zamitundumitundu, kuphatikiza zinyalala, nkhaka zam'madzi, shrimp, nkhanu zakumaso, ndi ma invertebrates ena am'madzi.
Ptarmigan
Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) - Mbalame yokhala pakati pakatikati ndikukhala mu tundra. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa gawo la tundra ndi loyera kotheratu, ndipo nthawi yotentha ndimotchi yotuwa. Tundra mapalishi amadya msondodzi ndi masamba a birch. Amadyanso zipatso, masamba, masamba ndi maluwa.
Zovuta zaku Atlantic
Mbama zimakonda kudya nsomba, nthawi zina zimadyanso nsapato zazing'ono ndi shrimp. Kukula kwa malekezero akufa a Atlantic ndi 30- 35 cm.
Dzina lachi Russia loti "mathedwe" limachokera ku liwu loti "kuzimiririka" ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi chithunzi chachikulu cha khomo la mbalame.
Nyalugwe wanyanja
Uwu ndi nyama yoopsa komanso yolusa ku Arctic Ocean. Imakhala ya banja la zisindikizo, ngakhale kunja sikumawoneka ngati iwo. Nyamayi imakhala ndi thupi longa njoka, mutu wophwanyika womwe umakhala ndi mizere iwiri yamano akuthwa. Makungu am'nyanja akulemera 270-400 kg, kutalika kwake ndi mita 3-4. Palibe mafuta osaneneka. Mtundu wa khungu ndi imvi yakuda, m'mimba mwayera. Pali mawanga amdima kumbali ndi pamutu, chifukwa chake adatipatsa dzina lowopsa.
Chisindikizo cha doko
Akuluakulu amafika pa 1.85 m kutalika ndi 132 kg kulemera kwake. Chisindikizo chofala, monga ma subspecies ena, chimadya kwambiri nsomba, ndipo nthawi zina ma invertebrates, crustaceans ndi mollusks.
Magawo awiri a chisindikizo chofala - European ndi insular - adalembedwa mu Red Book
White Owl
Mbalame yokongola kwambiri. Uku ndikulimbana koopsa, komwe kumathawa nyama nthawi zonse. Mapiko a kadzidzi amatha mpaka mamita 1.5. Amuna ndi otsika kukula kuposa akazi ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda. Maso ndi achikasu, makutu ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti sawoneka. Mlomo ndi wakuda, koma wobisika kwathunthu pansi pa manambala.
Zovala zazitali zimathandizira kusaka ndikukhala bwino m'malo okwezeka. Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Beluga whale
Maziko a chakudya chamagulu ndi nsomba ndipo, pocheperapo, crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Amuna akuluakulu kwambiri a buluga whales amafikira 6 m kutalika ndi matani 2 aakulu, zazikazi ndizocheperako.
Mtundu wa khungu la mikaka ya Beluga umasintha ndi zaka: Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala amtambo wobiriwira komanso wamtambo wakuda, patatha chaka amayamba imvi komanso imvi, anthu okulirapo kuposa zaka 3-5 amakhala oyera
Zingwe za Arctic wankhanza
Kupitilira pa Arctic Circle kumapitilira Arctic wankhanza kwambiri. Awa ndi dziko lachipululu chipale chofewa, mphepo yozizira ndi madzi oundana. Mvula imagwera kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa sikulowa mumdima wa usiku wabwino kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Zinyama zomwe zimakhala mu Arctic? Ndizosavuta kulingalira mtundu wamtundu womwe zamoyo zomwe zinalipo kale, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kuthera nthawi yozizira pakati pa anjoka ndi kuzizira kozizira.
Koma, ngakhale pali zovuta m'malo awa pafupifupi mitundu iwiri ya anthu amakhala Nyama za ku Arctic (pa Chithunzi mutha kutsimikizira kusiyana kwawo). Mumdima wamuyaya, owala kokha ndi kuwala kwakumpoto, amayenera kukhala ndi moyo ndikupeza chakudya chawo, akumenyera ola limodzi kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Zina zokhala ndi zofanana pazinthu zotchulidwa motere ndizosavuta. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo, ali ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Ndiye chifukwa chake mitundu yoposa zana la mbalame imakhala mdziko la kumpoto mwankhanza.
Ambiri mwa iwo amasamukira kumayiko ena, kusiya malo osakhazikika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Ndi kutomera kwa masiku a masika, amabwerera kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mphatso zauma.
M'miyezi ya chilimwe pali chakudya chokwanira kupitilira Arctic Circle, ndipo kuwunikira kwa wotchiyo ndi zotsatira za tsiku lalitali, theka, chaka chochepa. nyama ndi mbalame za ku Arctic kupeza chakudya chofunikira.
Ngakhale nthawi yotentha, kutentha kudera lino sikukwera kwambiri kotero kuti chipale chofewa komanso chipale chofewa chomwe chimakhalapo kwa nthawi yochepa zimapereka mwayi wopumula ku mavuto muufumu wachisanu, kupatula nthawi yochepa, mwezi ndi theka, osatinso. Chilimwe chokha chosakhala chotentha komanso mafunde a Atlantic ndi omwe amabweretsa kutentha kuderali, kukutentha, akufa kuchokera ku mphamvu ya ayezi, madzi kumwera chakumadzulo.
Mu zithunzi za Arctic
Komabe, chilengedwe chinasamalira kuthekera koteteza kutentha, kusowa kwa komwe kumamvekanso nthawi yotentha, komanso kupulumutsa kwake pakati pa zinthu zamoyo: nyama zakhala ndi ubweya wautali, mbalame zimakhala ndi zochulukirapo zomwe zimayenerera nyengo.
Ambiri aiwo ali ndi wosanjikiza wamafuta omwe amatchedwa subcutaneous fat. Unyinji wochititsa chidwi umathandiza nyama zambiri zazikuluzo kuti zizitulutsa kutentha koyenera.
Ena mwa oimira nyama za kumpoto kwa North amasiyanitsidwa ndi makutu ndi miyendo yaying'ono, popeza mawonekedwe oterewa amawalola kuti asazizire, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri moyo wa nyama ku Arctic.
Ndipo mbalame, chifukwa chake, zili ndi milomo yaying'ono. Mtundu wa zolengedwa za malo omwe afotokozedwawo, monga lamulo, ndi loyera kapena lopepuka, lomwe limathandizanso kuti zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zizisintha ndikusawoneka mu chipale chofewa.
Izi ndi ziphuphu za ku Arctic. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakumpoto, polimbana ndi nyengo yoipa komanso yovuta, amagwirizanirana, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta limodzi komanso kupewa zoopsa. Ndipo zinthu zachilengedwe zotere ndi umboni wina wa chipangizo champhamvu chachilengedwe chophatikizika.
Ma polod
Nsomba ndi m'gulu la zolengedwa zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala mu Arctic Ocean. Kupatula moyo wake mu makulidwe amadzi ozizira, polod cod imalekerera kutentha pang'ono popanda mavuto.
Zamoyo zam'madzi izi zimadya pa plankton, zomwe zimakhudza bwino kuchuluka kwachilengedwe. Zomwezokha zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zakumpoto, zisindikizo ndi cetaceans.
Nsomba zamkati zamkati
Haddock
Nsomba ndi zokulirapo (mpaka 70 cm). Nthawi zambiri amalemera pafupifupi awiri, koma zimachitika kuti amafika 19 kg. Thupi la nyama yam'nyanjayi ndi yotakata, yosalala mbali, kumbuyo kumakhala imvi, ndipo m'mimba mumakhala milky. Mzere wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe umathamangira kumtunda wopingasa. Nsomba zimakhala m'masukulu ndipo ndizogulitsa zofunika kwambiri.
Haddock nsomba
Arctic cyan
Ili ndi dzina lina: manewa wamkango, womwe umadziwika pakati pa anthu am'madzi padziko lapansi ndiye nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za jelly. Ambulera yake imafika m'mimba mwake mpaka mikono iwiri, ndipo mahema a kutalika kwake theka-mita.
Moyo waku Cyanidean sukhala nthawi yayitali, nyengo imodzi yokha ya chilimwe. Ndi kuyambika kwa yophukira, zolengedwa izi zimafa, ndipo nthawi yamasika, anthu omwe akukula mwachangu amawonekera. Cyanaea amadya nsomba zochepa ndi zooplankton.
Jellyfish
Polar tsekwe
Mbalameyi imatchedwanso tsekwe woyera chifukwa cha maonekedwe oyera owoneka ngati chipale, ndipo nsonga zokhazokha zamapiko a mbalame ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 5, ndipo zisa zawo, ngati eyider, ndizololekera ndi zina zawo.
Anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic amathawa kuzizira kowopsa kwa nyengo yozizira, kuwuluka kumwera. Atsekwe amtundu wamtunduwu amaonedwa ngati osowa.
Polar yoyera
Polar gull
Ili ndi nthenga zowoneka bwino za imvi, mapiko ake ndi akuda pang'ono, mulomo wake ndi wachikasu, miyendo ndi pinki. Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhalangozi ndi nsomba, koma mbalamezi zimadyanso nsomba ndi mazira a mbalame zina. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.
Ma polar tern
Mbalameyi ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha maulendo ake (mpaka makilomita 30,000) ndikuuluka (pafupifupi miyezi inayi) ndege, kumakhala nthawi yozizira ku Antarctica. Mbalame zimawulukira kumpoto kwa Arctic kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikupanga madera akuluakulu.
Zochititsa chidwi ndi mchira waminga ndi chifuwa chakuda pamutu pake. Ming'alu imadziwika ndi kusamala komanso kuchita ukali. Moyo wawo wokhala zaka zoposa makumi atatu.
Ma polar tern
Loon
Nyanja zam'madzi za Arctic, pomwe ambiri amakhala ndi madzi am'madzi. Loon amakhala ku North North makamaka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, kukhala mbalame yosamukira. Ili ndi miyeso ya bakha wamkulu, imagona pansi ndi kusambira mwangwiro, ndipo pangoziyo imamiza thupi lonse m'madzi, mutu umodzi wokha umatsala kunja.
Pa chithunzicho, mbalame ya loon