Gubach Bear - Uwu ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wa zimbalangondo, zoimira mtundu wa Melursus. Gubach ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri ndipo imatsogolera mosiyana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi chobala chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wina.

Chimbalangondo chimakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo chimakopa chidwi chake ngati ungayang'ane chithunzi gubacha, ndiye kuti mutha kutsimikizira izi. Milomo ya chimbalangondo ilibe maliseche ndipo imatha kutuluka kukhala mtundu wa chubu kapena protein. Ndi malo omwe adapatsa chimbalangondo dzina lachilendo komanso loseketsa.

Chimbalangondo cha gubach sichili chachikulu kukula kapena chachikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala mpaka 180 cm, mchira umawonjezera masentimita ena 12, pakufota kwa chimbalangondo ukufika 90 cm, ndipo kulemera sikumapitilira 140 kg.

Ndipo zazikulu za akazi ndizocheperako - pafupifupi 30 - 40%. Gubaki lonse ndi chimbalangondo, chimbalangondo. Thupi limakhala lolimba, miyendo ndi yokwera, mutu ndi waukulu, pamphumi ndi phokoso, kulemera, ndi kupindika pakati.

Ubweya wautali, wamtundu wakuwala umawoneka ngati mbewe wopanda pake. Zimbalangondo zina zimakhala ndi chovala chofiirira kapena chofiirira, koma chambiri kwambiri chimakhala chakuda. Phokoso ndi phokoso la zimbalangondo ndi laimvi, ndi malo owala, tsitsi loyera, lofanana ndi chilembo V kapena Y, limadzaza pachifuwa.

Zojambula ndi malo a gubach

Gubachi amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal ndi Sri Lanka mpaka kumapiri a Himalayan, komwe amatchedwa - “Himalayan gubach bear”.

Zimbalangondo zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhazikika kumapiri, zobisika kwa anthu ambiri. M'madambo otsika, zimakhala zosatheka kukumana ndi chimbalangondo, komanso sichikwera pamalo okwera kwambiri.

Khalani ndi Khalidwe ndi Moyo

Gubach imakhala mosangalatsa usiku, kugona pakati masana mu udzu wautali, tchire kapena m'mapanga otentha.

Ngakhale masana mutha kukumana ndi akazi oyenda ndi ana oyenda pansi omwe amasintha kukhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuti mupewe kukumana ndi zilombo zamadzulo.

Nyengo yamvula, ntchito za zimbalangondo zimachepa kwambiri komanso zimatsika, komabe sizinade. Fungo la zimbalangondo zamtunduwu limafanana ndi fungo la galu wosinjirira, lomwe limakwaniritsa zida zowerengeka komanso zowoneka bwino.

Zinyama zambiri zodya nyama zakutchire zimapezerapo mwayi, zimasaka mosavuta mpaka zimbalangondo zosasamala zochokera kumbali ya leew. Komabe, zimbalangondo za gubach sizitha kutchedwa kuti nyama zosavuta.

Kuyang'ana modekha komanso koseketsa pang'ono sikuyenera kupusitsa mdani wa anyani - gubach imatha kupanga mwachangu, kuphwanya mbiri yonse ya anthu padziko lapansi.

Komanso gubach ndi wokwera bwino kwambiri, wokwera mitengo yayitali kuti asangalale ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, ngakhale kuti sagwiritsa ntchito luso ili popewa ngozi.

Adani achilengedwe a Gubach ndi adani olimbirana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri anthu ankawonera nkhondo gubach bear vs tiger kapena nyalugwe.

Ngakhale zimbalangondo sizimawonetsa ukali ndikuukira pokhapokha ngati chiwembu chomwe chikuopseza chifika pafupi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zimbalangondo ndizodabwitsadi. Ndi chisangalalo chofananacho, amatha kudya chakudya chamtundu wa mphutsi, mphutsi, zakudya zamasamba, nkhono, mazira ochokera ku zisa zomwe adaziwononga, komanso zovunda zomwe zimapezeka kudera lake.

Potsimikizira ma stereotypes okhalitsa okhudza zimbalangondo, chikondi cha uchi, mtunduwu umayenera kulandira dzina la Melursus, kapena "chimbalangondo cha uchi". M'miyezi yachilimwe yocha zipatso, zipatso zokhathamira ndi zipatso zatsopano zimatha kukhala theka la chakudya chokwanira cha chimbalangondo.

Nthawi zina, zakudya zomwe amakonda komanso zopezeka mosavuta kwa iye ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Ma gubach nawonso samanyoza kulowa m'midzi ya anthu ndikuwononga kubzala nzimbe ndi chimanga.

Ndizilombo zazikulu za chimbalangondo chooneka bwino zimathandiza kuti lizitha kukwera mitengo bwino, ndikung'amba ndi kuwononga zisa za chiswe ndi nyerere. Nkhope yakumaso ndi kuthekera kopukusa milomo mofanana ndi phenoscis kumathandizanso kuti tipeze tizilombo tambiri tikamadya chakudya chamadzulo. Kuteteza ku mitundu yoluma, mphuno za chimbalangondo zimatha kuyandikira popanda chifukwa.

Mano ake ndi ochepa, ndipo mbali ziwiri zapakati zakunyumba sizikupezeka, ndikupanga gawo lomwe limapitiliza "chubu" yamilomo yayitali. Pakamwa pake ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri, lopezeka mu kutentha kwa chisinthiko, ndi chida chabwino kwambiri, chokupatsani mwayi wopeza chakudya kuchokera kunthaka zazifupi kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, siponji imayamba kuwulutsa dothi lonse ndi fumbi kuchokera ku zisa zam'chiwopsezo, kenako ndi mphamvu yomweyo imagwirira ntchito chakudya chopatsa thanzi pogwiritsa ntchito chubu kuchokera pamilomo. Ntchito yonseyi ndiyaphokoso kwambiri, nthawi zina phokoso la chimbalangondo limamvekedwa patali pafupifupi mpaka 150 m, ndikusaka chidwi cha osaka.

Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo chimbalangondo

Nthawi za kubereka kwa gubachi kumasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe munthu amakhala. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera la India, nthawi imeneyi imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, komanso ku Sri Lanka chaka chonse.

Mimba mu zimbalangondo zamtunduwu zimatha miyezi 7. Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amabereka 1 - 2, kawirikawiri 3 cubs. Pakatha milungu itatu yokha maso ang'ono adzatseguka. Ana awo ndi amayi awo sadzachoka kwawo pokhapokha miyezi itatu, ndipo amakhalabe m'manja mwa amayi mpaka zaka pafupifupi ziwiri mpaka zitatu.

Ngati mukufuna kusamutsa ana anu kwinakwake, amayi nthawi zambiri amawayika kumbuyo kwake. Njira zoyendera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kukula kwa anawo mpaka nthawi yoti m'badwo wachinyamata uzikhala pawokha.

Amakhulupirira kuti abambo satenga nawo mbali polera ndi kulera ana awo, koma ena amakhulupirira kuti mayi akamwalira, abambo amatenga maudindo onse oteteza ndi kulera ana aang'ono.

Ali mu ukapolo, atasamalidwa bwino komanso amasamalidwa, chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 40, ndipo palibe chidziwitso chazaka zokhala ndi moyo zachilengedwe.

Kwa zaka zambiri, zimbalangondo zimachotsedwa chifukwa cha kuvulaza komwe kumabweretsa nzimbe, chimanga ndi minda ina. Pakadali pano, amtunduwu adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse lapansi monga mtundu wowopsa.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chimbalangondo

Kunja gubach makamaka ngati mbala kapena sloth kuposa chimbalangondo. Zizolowezi za chilombo ndizosowa. Mwachitsanzo, Gubach, amanyamula ana ake kumsana. Komabe, nyamayi imakhudzana ndi chibadwa. Pazikhalidwe za ngwazi za nkhaniyo, ukali ndiwokhudzana ndi iwo. Poyerekeza ndi munthu yemwe walembedwa pafupifupi kokwana chikwi. Milandu makumi asanu inachititsa kufa.

Mutu chimbalangondo chalandiridwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthu. Ndi yopapatiza komanso yotalikirapo. Milomo yanyama imamasuka pang'ono, ngati kuti ikutuluka. Mphuno ya chilombo ndi chololeza. Zonsezi ndi zida zopangidwa kuti zikuluzikulu za uchi ndi timadzi tokoma zipatso. Kuti awafikire, chimbalangondicho chinakulitsa lilime lalitali. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofanana ndi nyama yazinyama.

Mano a Gubach ndi ochepa. Zowonjezera ziwiri zakumaso zikusowa. Izi zimathandizira kuti kukakamiza lilime kumalowe mu uchi, zipatso. Mano a chinkhupule chatsopano amakhala ndi zinthu zina, koma amatha ndi ukalamba.

Kutalika, ma gubach amafikira masentimita 180. Saki nthawi zambiri imatambalala 1.5 metres. Kutalika kwa akazi ndi 60-75 masentimita. Amuna pachakafota amafika ku 90. Ma gubach apakatikati olemera 50 kilogalamu. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 130 kilos.

Chimbalangondo cha Gubach chili pachithunzichi Imasiyanitsidwa osati ndi kapangidwe kake ka muzzle, komanso ndi ma tchutchu atali ndi miyendo yayitali, makutu akulu, chilembo choyera cha V pachifuwa komanso chingwe chowala pamphuno. Ngwazi ina ya nkhaniyi ndi yayitali kwambiri ya zimbalangondo.

Mitundu ya Gubach Bear

Kuphatikiza pa Himalaya, a Gubach amakhala ku Sri Lanka. Amakanidwa ndi apuloni wowala. Chifukwa chake, ndichizolowezi kupatutsa zimbalangondo kukhala zigawo zina. Anthu ku Sri Lanka ndi ochepa Himalayan ndipo samakonda ubweya. Palibe nzeru m'chovala chovala cha ubweya, chifukwa moyo wamtundu wa pachilumbachi ndi wotentha, wosalala.

Ntchito za sayansi zokha ndi zomwe zidalembedwa za gubachs azisumbu. Chimbalangondo cha Himalayan chimadziwikanso ngati zopeka. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira nkhani ya Mowgli yolembedwa ndi Rudyard Kipling.

Kutha kuthamanga kwa chimbalangondo

Ngakhale mawonekedwe awo opusa, zimbalangondo za gubachi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lapadera. Mitundu ya masiponji imatha kuthana ndi zilombo zazikulu kwambiri, monga nyalugwe kapena nyalugwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtundu uwu umatha kuthamanga mwachangu kuposa wothamanga waluso. Gubachi imadzinyamula yokha si nyama zakutchire, chifukwa chake kulimbana kwa malo osankhidwa kumatha popanda mikangano yayikulu. Amayika malo awo mothandizidwa ndi kununkhira, koma nthawi zambiri amapaka matupi awo pamakungwa amitengo kuti asiye chizindikiro chawo chamakanidwe. Zambiri pazakufufuzaku zimanena kuti gubachs zenizeni sizimenyera nyama zina.

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Kodi zimbalangondo za gubachi zimadya chiyani?

Chimbalangondo chaubweya chimasiyanitsidwa ndi nyama yomwe imadya chifukwa chodya nyama. Mafuta ndi uchi ndi zomwe amakonda. Nkhope ya gubach ndi ndodo zake zimamulola kudya ngati nyama yamphongo, osati ngati nyama yolusa. Zakudya wamba zamtundu wa Melursus ndi chimbudzi ndi nyerere, ndipo sizinyoza kudya zovalazo. Zojambula za anatomical zimawathandiza kukwera mitengo yazipatso ndi inflorescence. Kusaka mumdima posaka chakudya, a Gubach adayamba kumva kununkhira, chifukwa kupenya ndi kumva zamtunduwu sikunayambike bwino. Ndipo zibowo zazikulu zakuthwa zimathandizira kuwononga zisa zilizonse pochotsa tizilombo pamenepo. Sizovuta kwa eni malo omwe ali ndi nzimbe ndi chimanga, chifukwa gubach nthawi zambiri zimakhala tizilomboto m'midzi ya anthu.

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Phokoso lalitali kwambiri ndi milomo yosunthika

A Gubachi ali ndi dzinali chifukwa cha kupukutira kwotalika ndi milomo yosasuntha. Gubach amatha kutambasulira milomo yake kupitirira nsagwada, nkumayendetsa thunthu lomwe limamupangitsa kuti atulutsire tizilombo tambiri munthaka ya nyerere ndi nyerere. Njira yolumikizira chakudya ndi yaphokoso kwambiri, mutha kuimva m'mamita oposa 150. Chinanso chowonjezera chaziphuphu ndi kupezeka kwa mano 40 popanda ma fangala okhala ndi ziwonetsero zakutsogolo.

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Nthawi yoswana ya chinkhupule chimabala

Mu nthawi yakukhwima, amuna amatha kumenyera chidwi chachikazi. Ndipo mawonekedwe ophatikizidwa awiriawiri mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, omwe amasiyanitsa mtunduwu ndi omwe amafanana nawo. Kulumikizana ndi masiponji nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu June, ndipo miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ikabereka mwana wamwamuna mpaka atatu. Ana gubach pang'ono amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakhala nyama zazikulu, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pa 4 mwezi wa moyo. Mbira yaikazi imateteza ana ake ku ngozi, imakhala miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo wake m'malo obisika. Amuna amakhala nthawi yoyamba ndi yaikazi, kusamalira ana awo.

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Kulowerera kwaumunthu m'moyo wamilomo

Wokhala m'malo a India, a Gubachs adakhala ozunzika pakati pa ophunzitsa. Nyama zimaphunzitsidwa kuchita zidule zosiyanasiyana ndipo chindapusa chinkawonetsera zisangalalo kwa alendo komanso okhalamo. Ndipo popeza mtundu wa zimbalangondowu ungatengeke nawo malo olimapo, nzika za m'derali zimagulitsana. Pakadali pano, mtundu wa Melursus uli pa gulu la nyama “zotsogola” ndipo walembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Kugwiririra ntchito ndi malonda amtunduwu ndikoletsedwa. Komabe, podula nkhalango ndikuwonongera zisa zamtchire, anthu amawononga milomo ya milomo, zomwe zikuimira chiwopsezo chachikulu pakukula ndi kukhalapo kwa mitunduyi.

Mawonekedwe

Chimbalangondo cha Gubach ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a zimbalangondo zenizeni (Ursus,, ndipo imayikidwa payokha. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndikutulutsa mawu kwake kwakanthawi komanso kofikira, ndipo milomo yake imakhala yopanda mawu ndipo imatha kutulutsa mwamphamvu (motero dzinalo), ndikupanga mtundu wa phenoscis.

Makulidwewo ndi ochepa, koma amakula kuposa chimbalangondo cha biruang. Kutalika kwa thupi la gubach kuli mpaka masentimita a 180, mchirawo ndi wina masentimita 10 mpaka 12, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 60-90 masentimita, kulemera makilogalamu 54-140 (nthawi zambiri 90-1115 kg). Amuna ndi okulirapo 30-30% kuposa akazi.

Maonekedwe a gubach nthawi zambiri amakhala bearish. Thupi limakhala lalikulu, pamiyendo yayitali. Mutuwo ndi waukulu, pamphumi pake komanso kupindika kwapamwamba kwambiri. Ubweya wake ndi wautali, wamtumbo, wopanga mtundu wopanda mawonekedwe pakhosi ndi mapewa. Utoto wake umakhala wonyezimira wakuda, koma nthawi zambiri umasakanikirana ndi imvi, bulauni kapena tsitsi lofiirira. Nthawi zina pamakhala anthu ofiira kapena ofiira. Mapeto a phokoso amakhala aimvi nthawi zonse; pamakhala malo owoneka bwino pachifuwa, ofanana ndi chilembo V kapena Y.

Kuzolowera zakudya

Chimbalangondo cha gubach, monga chimbalangondo, m'kusintha kwake chinasinthidwa kuti chizidyetsa makamaka tizilombo tambiri (nyerere ndi chiswe), zomwe sizimakonda kwa zimbalangondo zina, zomwe tizilombo tamadye timadya. Zovala zazikulu zokhala ndi chikwakwa zimasinthidwa kukwera mitengo, kukumba ndikuwononga mabwalo amtambo. Milomo ndi malo opukutira zimakhala zopanda kanthu komanso zoyenda kwambiri, ndipo mphuno imatha kutseka popanda chifukwa. Mano ake ndi ochepa, ndipo mbali ziwiri zapakati zakunyumba sizikupezeka, ndikupanga gawo lomwe limapitiliza "chubu" yamilomo yayitali. M'kamwa mulibe, lilime ndi lalitali kwambiri. Izi zokometsera izi zimalola wophedwayo, kutulutsa tizilombo, choyamba kukankhira mwamphamvu fumbi ndi uve mu nyumba zawo zowonongedwa, kenako ndikuyamwa nyama milomo. Phokoso lomwe limayamba nthawi yomweyo limamvekedwa kupitirira ma 150 m ndipo nthawi zambiri limakopa chidwi cha asaka.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Gubach amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha, amakonda malo okhala mapiri, koma osafalikira kwambiri. Madambo otsika nawonso amatetezedwa. Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa masana, masana amagona mu udzu wautali, pakati pa zitsamba kapena m'mapanga. Akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi ana nthawi zambiri amasintha moyo wawo masana kuti asawonane ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya usiku.

Gubach yogwira chaka chonse, sichikhala hibernate, koma imagwira ntchito munthawi yamvula.

Zopatsa chidwi: Chakudya chimakhala ndi tizilombo, mphutsi, nkhono, mazira, komanso mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha chikondi chake cha uchi, adapeza dzina lake lasayansi - Melursus, "Wonyamula uchi." Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Juni, zipatso zikacha, zimatha kupanga 50% ya zakudya za gubach, nthawi yonse yomwe akufuna kuwononga zisa za chimbudzi, nyerere ndi njuchi. M'malo okhala anthu ambiri, a Gubach akuwononga minda ya nzimbe ndi chimanga. Samanyalanyaza mtembo.

Mphamvu ya kununkhira imakhazikitsidwa bwino, koma mawonekedwe amaso ndikumva amakhala ofooka, kotero ndikosavuta kuyandikira pafupi ndi milomo. Mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo a gubach ndikusocheretsa - chimbalangondo ichi chimatha kuthamanga mwachangu kuposa anthu. Amakonda kukwera mitengo kuti asangalale ndi zipatsozo, koma osapulumutsidwa ku ngozi pamitengo. Monga lamulo, ma gubach sakhala okonda kwambiri, koma amatha kudziteteza ngati munthu abwera pafupi kwambiri. Komabe, pakati pa Epulo 1989 ndi Marichi 1994, kuukira kwa 735 kochitidwa ndi anthu aku Guberni kudalembedwa, 48 mwa izi zidapha.

Zidani zazikulu zokha, monga akambuku ndi nyalugwe, ndizo zimagunda gubernias. Kamba yayikulu yokha ndi yomwe imatha kuthana ndi kapolo wamkulu.

Onani ndi mamuna

Kuchokera pomwe izi zidapezeka, nzika zakumaloko zakhala zikugwira mitengo ya gubach ndikuwaphunzitsa mitundu yonse ya misampha. M'misewu ya m'mizinda ndi m'matawuni aku India, zimbalangondo zophunzitsidwa bwino zimawonekera wamba. Nthawi yomweyo, anathetsedwa ngati tizirombo taulimi, ming'alu yopanda njuchi ndi minda ya nzimbe. Mwamwayi, masiku ano mtunduwu ukutetezedwa.

Kholo la makolo

Amayi amakhala ndi ana awo mnyumba mosungira kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako kwa miyezi ingapo ana ake amakhala ndi amayi awo, akumaphunzira maluso ofunikira.Pakakhala ngozi, ngakhale ana okulirapo amakwera kumbuyo kwa mayiyo, koma yaikaziyo singathe kuvala motalika. Wamphongo amasamaliranso ana ake, kwanthawi yoyamba, zomwe sizikhala ndi zimbalangondo zina.

Mbiri ya Moyo ku Zoo

Awiriwa omwe amakhala kumalo osungira nyama amatipeza mu 2002 kuchokera. Amatha kuwoneka munyengo yotentha mumawonekedwe a Spectacular Bears ovuta ku Old Territory ya zoo. Tsoka ilo, mzimayiyo adayamba kuwonetsa zamwano kwa mwamunayo, ndipo awiriwo adakhala pansi.

Amadyetsa ma gubac ndi chakudya chosiyana kwambiri: amapatsidwa nyama ndi nsomba mincemeat, njere zosiyanasiyana, masamba, mazira, tchizi chokoleti, uchi ndi zipatso zambiri. Chakudyacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi tizilombo, mavitamini ndi mavalidwe apamwamba amaminisitala amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya.

Mwachilengedwe, zimbalangondo zimatha nthawi yawo yambiri kufunafuna ndi kupeza chakudya. Ku malo osungira nyama, safunika kuchita izi, nthawi zambiri nyamazo zimangokhala zotchetchera, zopanda chochita, ndipo zimasangalatsidwa nazo. Kuti nyama izitha kuzindikira pang'ono, itapatsidwa chakudya osati “papa” lokha. Zimbalangondo zimayenera kupeza ndi "kupeza", mwachitsanzo, kunyambita uchi kuchokera pabowo laling'ono, kapena kupeza zipatso pamulu wa udzu.