Onani: Wamba njoka
Banja: Snipe
Gulu: Charadriiformes
Giredi: Mbalame
Mtundu: Chordate
Subtype: Vertebrates
Makulidwe: Kutalika kwa thupi - 25 cm, mapiko - 40 cm, Kulemera - kuchokera 80 mpaka 170 g
Utali wamoyo: Zaka 10
Snipe ndi mbalame yozindikirika yokhala ndi mlomo wautali woonda komanso mtundu wa bulauni wa motley. Ndi wachibale wapamtima nkhuni. Msanjayi amatha kuthawa, amatha kuyenda pansi komanso madzi.
Anthu anamutcha iye mwanawankhosa chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri yomwe imafalitsa pano.
Habitat
Pankhani yosankha malo okhalamo, njoka ndi mbalame yosavutikira. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi chinyezi chachikulu cha dothi, momwe sandpiper imadzifunira chakudya.
Mbalame zimatha kupezeka m'malo owiririka ndi m'madzi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso dothi lonyowa, m'nkhalango zachilendo komanso m'mizinda.
Kukhazikika kwa mbalame kumapitilira gawo lonse la Europe, kumakhala kum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi North Asia. Mitundu yanyanja yaku North America yomwe imapezeka ku Canada ndi United States.
Snipe imakhala m'malo achinyezi
Snipe ndi mbalame yosamukira. Ulendo wawo wopita kumadera a chisanu amayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira. Mbalame zanyengo yozizira zimapita ku Central kapena South Asia, Transcaucasia, Western Europe, Iran, India. Panalinso anthu ena omwe ankayenda kumadzulo kwa Africa.
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Khalidwe
Ntchito yayikulu imawonedwa ndikusokosera m'mawa kapena usiku. Anthu nthawi zambiri amabwera limodzi m'magulu, ngakhale ndege zoyenda zokha zimachitikanso. Pa kudya mawonekedwe akuluakulu masango. Nyamayo imangokhala pansi, ikabisala pakati pamasamba achilengedwe.
Snipe akuwuluka mwaluso ndikuwodzera. Lakuthwa limakwera, ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Imawuluka mothamanga kwambiri, nthawi zina imafotokoza zigzag m'mwamba. Amatha kulowa pansi mwachangu, ndikusankha yekha cholinga.
Kuyerekeza snipe ndi mitundu ina
Mitundu itatu ya njoka imasiyanitsidwa. Pali zosiyana pang'ono pamitundu yambiri: mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi. Mitundu ya snipe yosiyanasiyana imasiyana.
Snipe ndi yokulirapo pang'ono kuposa thrush
Kukula kwa snipe ndikokulirapo kukhumudwa. Mitundu yapafupi kwambiri ndi Asia snipe ndi nkhalango. Kutali, ali pafupi kuthekera kusiyanitsa. Kuchokera pachiwombankhanga cha ku Asia komanso chopanda kanthu chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wautali komanso mutu wochepa thupi.
Pali zosiyana pamitundu yambiri. Mzere woyera umayenda m'mphepete mwa mapiko ake. Mkati mwa mapikowo muli yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a nthenga pamutu, lingaliro loyera lofanana ndi nsidze limakhala locheperako kuposa lakuda pafupi ndi mulomo.
Njoka imatha kusiyanitsidwa kuchokera kwa woyimira wina wa banja la a Bekas - zokongoletsa - Bekas kukula kwake (ndikokulirapo) komanso kutalika kwa mulomo (woposa masentimita 5.5), kapangidwe ka nthenga pamutu (chingwe chowala chapakati).
Zofunika!Chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri cha njoka ndi mtundu wake wouluka. Mamita angapo oyambilira, amawuluka molunjika, kenako amapita ku zigzags.
Kugonana kutchulidwa kuti kulibe. Kusiyana pakati pa achimuna ndi achikazi ndi kutalika kwa nthenga za mchira wakunja. Mwa amuna, mtengo wake ndi 4.7 masentimita, pomwe mwa akazi ndi 4.3 komanso wamfupi.
Mawonekedwe
Makina owala, monga momwe tionera pachithunzichi, amakhala ofiira kwambiri, okhala ndi mawanga owoneka bwino ndi akuda. Pali mikwingiri yoyera pa nsonga za nthenga. Kuwala, kopanda mawanga amdima komanso m'mimba mwa mbalame.
Utoto wa utoto wamtoto umakhala chiphokoso kwambiri. Mbalame zina zikauluka m'mlengalenga zikaona zoopsa, zimatha kuthamanga pakati pa udzu.
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Snipe Long Beak
Mlomo wautali wosalunjika nthawi yomweyo umawonekera pachithunzichi. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi - 7.5 cm. Ichi ndi chida chachikulu chopezera chakudya mu silika, mchenga kapena nthaka yofewa.
Kupeza nyongolotsi kapena mphutsi, njoka imawugwira ndi nsonga ya mulomo wake ndikuyichotsa panthaka.
Senda mofufuza zakudya
Palibe chochititsa chidwi ndi momwe mulomo wa mbalame. Mlomo wapamwamba ndi chibwano chapamwamba chimatha kuwerama m'mwamba zikafunika. Ngakhale izi zimapezeka mu mbalame zina, zimatanthauzidwa kwambiri.
Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe akusaka zakudya. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, njoka zimakhala ndi fungo labwino. Amasiyanitsa mafungo chifukwa cholandirira khutu lakumaso.
Thupi la anthu ndi laling'ono, lalitali 25 cm kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Miyendo ndiyifupi. Maso akuluakulu a mbalameyo amakhala m'mwamba ndipo amayang'ana kumbuyo kwa mutuwo, ndikuwonetsetsa.
Zofunikira
Mwa mbalame zina zamtchire, njoka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi izi:
- Msanjayi ndi wosazindikira ndipo amakhala m'madambo, omwazikana ndi dothi lonyowa komanso nkhalango zachilendo.
- Njokayo idakhala ndi dzina lake "mwana wankhalango" chifukwa chamawu ofanana ndi kulira. Ndipo amalengeza osati ndi zingwe za mawu, koma ndi nthenga za mchira. Ikamakula, yaimuna, itakula, imakwiririka, nthenga zimayamba kunjenjemera. Zotsatira zake, phokoso lofanana "lotulutsa" limapangidwa.
- Maso akulu, otambalala samangopatsa mbalame mawonekedwe ambiri, komanso amakulolani kuwona nthawi yamadzulo.
- Chiphuphu cha mulomo wakuwala sichitha kutseguka ngakhale chitatsekedwa kutalika konse. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalameyi imatenga nyama kuchokera ku makulidwe amchenga kapena silt.
- Snipe ndi mbuye wowona, amathawa mlengalenga ndikufotokozera zigzags zenizeni. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndikulimba pambuyo pakutha kwa zomwe zilipo. Mbalame imayenda mofulumira mumlengalenga, ndikusintha kutalika kwake nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Mbalamezi ndizopondera. Ngakhale ndi wamkazi yekha amene amatenga nawo gawo, azimayi onse ndi amene amathandizira posamalira ana.
- Panthawi yovina yomwe imayamba kukhwima, munthu amatha kusambira kuchokera pansi kuchoka pamtunda wamamita pafupifupi 70.
Maso akhungu kwambiri
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Gawo lalikulu la chakudya chokhala ndi njoka limakhala ndi tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake, ma nyansi, mpaka pang'ono - crustaceans yaying'ono ndi ma mollusks. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chanyama, chimagwiritsanso ntchito masamba, makamaka mbewu ndi mphukira zamasamba.
Zofunika!Kuti athandize kupera kwamafuta m'mimba, mbalame zimameza mchenga ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono.
Njoka yomwe inatuluka kudyetsa anthu mwachangu, imagwira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Kuti apeze chakudya, amayang'anitsanso dothi, ndikuyika mulomo wake mkatimo mpaka pansi. Kupeza nyama yayikulu, mwachitsanzo nyongolotsi, ndipo mdomo wake imagawagawa tizinthu tating'ono.
Mlomo umafunika mulomo mukamafunafuna chakudya
Pofunafuna chakudya m'madzi osaya, njokayo imalowetsa mulomo wake wamtali, wakuthwa m'miyeso yofewa, ndikupita patsogolo, ndikuyang'ana pansi.
Pa nsonga pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mathero amanjenje omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopita kwa anthu akunyumba. Kumva nyama, njokayo imagwira ndi mulomo wake. Amatha kumeza chakudya osachotsa mlomo wake pachiwongo.
Khalidwe, kubereka
Wosachedwa kwambiri kuchokera nthawi yachisanu. Izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chikayamba kusungunuka ndikuyamba mawonekedwe. Matching a amuna amawonedwa panthawi ya ndege.
Akafika kumalo osungira chisa, nthawi yomweyo imayamba. Anthu amakhala mgawo la mabanja awo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadutsa malire a gawo la oyandikana nawo. Pambuyo pake, amuna amawuluka kudera lawo, kuwonetsa kuti aliyense akutanganidwa.
Snipe ndi mbalame yokhala chete. Ma tweets amatha kumveka pokhapokha nthawi yapano.
Snipe kubisala mu udzu
Pambuyo yozizira, snipe amabwerera kumalo awo okhalamo. Amuna amafika koyamba ndikukhala malo a chisa chamtsogolo. Kenako zamkati zimayamba.
Nthawi yodula
Snipes ndizosasangalatsa ndipo zimapanga magulu awiri osasunthika nthawi yonse yokhazikika. Munthawi yamakonoyi, yamphongo imachita gule lokondweretsa mlengalenga. Amakwera m'mwamba, amafotokoza zozungulira zingapo, kenako zimagwa pansi.
Pakadali pano, amasuntha pang'ono mapiko ake, ndipo mchirawo udatseguka. Nthawi yomweyo nthenga zake zimayamba kunjenjemera mokweza, ndikupanga mawu okumbutsa. Zomwe zilipo zikupitirirabe padziko lapansi. Yaimuna imakhala paphiripo ndipo idakwiya kwambiri.
Zofunika!Njokayo imagwira makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo ndi chinyezi chachikulu, nyengo yamvula ndi mvula yowala.
Akakhwima, wamkazi amalumikizana ndi wamwamuna. Zisa za snipe m'magawo osiyanasiyana: m'madambo, m'nkhalango zachilendo, zotseguka ndi zitsamba, zokhala ndi madambo.
Awiriwa amakhala limodzi nthawi yonse yomwe akuswana. Yaikazi imasamalira chisa kwathunthu, ndipo imaphatikizanso mazira. Wamphongo akupitilizabe mpaka pano, kuonetsa kuti ili ndi gawo lawo.
Nesting ndi kusamalira ana
Yaikaziyo imakonza chisa pa chimbudzi pafupi ndi posungira, monga lamulo, mu udzu wandiweyani. Ndi dzenje laling'ono lomwe linakumbidwa pansi komanso yokutidwa ndi udzu.
M'madera ena, zinyalala zimatha kukhala ndi masamba angapo a udzu, koma ndi chinyezi chambiri, makulidwe ake amafika masentimita awiri. Bowo limakumbidwa ndi mulifupi wa 10-13 cm, kutalika kwa chisa kuli pafupifupi 5 cm.
Pali mazira anayi a motley muchisa
Zachikazi zimaphimba chisa kuchokera kumwamba ndi udzu wopindika pafupi, ndikuyambitsa kanyumba kakang'ono. Mtundu wa mbalamezo komanso malo omwe nyanjayo imawapangitsa kukhala osawoneka.
Pazowopsa, zazikazi zimatsika kwambiri, kenako ndikudumphira mu udzu ndikuzibisalira. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zolengedwa, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka njoka ndi mfundo yeniyeni ya chisa pankhaniyi ndizofanana kwambiri wopusa.
Kodi mazira osyoka amawoneka bwanji?
Mbalameyi imayikira mazira anayi a maolivi kapena mtundu wachikasu wokhala ndi mawanga amdima. Nthawi zina, zimayikidwa mazira atatu kapena asanu. Amayesa kuti zopezeka ndi mazira 6 ndizimodzi mwa akazi angapo.
Mazira owoneka ngati njoka. Chipolopolocho chimakhala chobowoka kapena chochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kulemera, mazira amafikira g 17. Kukwatira kumatenga masiku 17- 20, mkazi yekha ndi amene amachita.
Kugwedeza ndi kukula kwa anapiye
Anapiye ang'onoang'ono amaphimbidwa ndi pansi, koma amakula bwino. Amakwawa kuchokera pachisa atangomauma. Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amagawana pakati, ndipo aliyense amasamalira anapiye ake.
Ana amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Pakumwalira kwa kholo limodzi, wachiwiri amasamalira ana.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, anapiye amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka. Achinyamata amakula mwachangu ndikusiya chisa. Komabe, zikafika pangozi, makolowo nawonso amasamutsa anapiyewo kumalo otetezeka. Amazigwira pakati pamiyendo, kwinaku zikuwuluka pamwamba kwambiri.
Achinyamata mawonekedwe ake ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi achikulire. Ngati mbalame zokhwima zili ndi zopepuka, zozungulira zopota zam'mapiko akumwamba, ndiye kuti nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa njoka yaying'ono kumada pang'ono pang'ono.
Zambiri mwa mbalame zimasintha pang'ono ndi zaka
Ngakhale asananyamuke kupita kumalo okizira nyengo yachisanu, anapiyewo amayamba moyo wosamukasamuka. Ali ndi ndandanda yake. Madzulo, mbalame zimapita kukadyetsa, zomwe zimakhala usiku wonse. M'bandakucha, amabisala m'nthambi za udzu.
Zosangalatsa!Kuwona zoopsazo (mwachitsanzo, kufikira kwa mdani), anapiye awerama mitu yawo kupita ku udzu. Pakadali pano, makolowo amamuthamangitsa kapena kumuchotsa kuchisa.
Kukonzekera kuthawira kumadera achisanu
Pakati pa chilimwe, kusungunuka kumachitika mwa akulu, pomwe maula awo amasinthidwa. Nthawi ngati imeneyi, amakhala osamala kwambiri ndipo amabisala m'malo ovuta kufikako.
Snipe - mbuye wazobisalira
Maulendo opita kumalo obiriwira nyengo yachisanu amatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ngakhale mwa anthu ena atha kupitiliza mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Ziphuphu zimasungidwa zokhazokha kapena zazing'ono ngati mbalame 6. Zimawuluka makamaka usiku. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amapuma kuti akapumule, anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo opumira.
Ubwenzi ndi anthu
Snipe ndi malo otchuka kokasaka. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo amakhalabe okwera kwambiri, motero mbalamezi sizilembedwa mu Red Book. Mwambiri, snipe ndi mbalame yochenjera komanso yamanyazi.
Snipe - nthumwi yochititsa chidwi ya banja lanjoka. Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi mlomo wake wautali komanso kuyimba kosiyana pa nthawi ya kuvina.
Uwu ndi luso lenileni lowuluka. Popeza wayamba kusunthira mlengalenga molunjika, amapitilira zigzags zothamanga. Sizodabwitsa kuti anapatsidwa dzina loti "mwana wankhosa wamtchire." Mithunzi yochititsa chidwi yomwe nthenga zake zimapanga ikasambira zimusiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zonse.
Mitundu ya Snipe
Kuchokera zofotokozera Nthawi zambiri, timafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ya banja lino. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu 20 ya mbalamezi yomwe imasiyanitsidwa. Iliyonse yamtunduwu imasiyana ndi ina yonse pakuwoneka, malo okhala, ndi chikhalidwe cha oimira ake.
Njoka yamkaka (yamanzere ndi yachikazi)
Munkhaniyi tikamba za okhawo owala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti Snipe Ordinary siyosiyanitsidwa ndi chilichonse chapadera, chifukwa chake kufotokozera kwake kumagwirizana kwathunthu ndi zomwe zimachitika mbanja la mbalame.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi njoka zaku Japan, America, zazikulu ndi ku Africa, komanso mapiri ndi mapiri. Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zikuimira omwe akuyimira aliyense wa mitundu iyi?
Chingwe chachikulu
Oimira mtunduwu adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa chakukula kwawo kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwawo ndi 40-45 cm, pomwe unyinji wa matupi awo umafika magalamu 450-500. M'banja la mbalame zosyoka, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake mtunduwu nthawi zina umatchedwa Giant.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi thupi loyera "lolimba" komanso miyendo yochepa. Mapiko awo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Mtundu wa nthenga zawo kwa nthawi yayitali sukusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zina pabanja.
Chingwe chachikulu
Thupi lam'mwamba lowala lophimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala oimira omwe ali ndi mutu wachikaso ndi khosi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zazikazi za Great Snipe akunja sizosiyana ndi zazimuna. Munthu amatha kudziwa mtundu wa mbalame pokhapokha ngati amachita. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndipo zimasamukira nyengo zazing'ono m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndikulumikizana kwa anthu 6-7.
Koyimira nthumwi zamtunduwu ndi ku South America. Mbalame ndizofala ku Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Guyana. Ochepa ochepa amapezekanso ku Bolivia, Uruguay ndi Paraguay. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndikokwera kwambiri, motero mbalamezi sizifunikira chitetezo chapadera.
Maonekedwe aku America
Oimira mtunduwu amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi Great Snipe omwe adaganiziridwa koyambirira - ku North America. Kupatula apo, malo omwe nthawi yawo yachisanu imakhala yotentha ndi South Pacific.
Mitembo yambiri ya mbalamezi ndi yovomerezeka ku banja ili. Kukula kwawo ndikocheperako - 25-27 cm yokha, kulemera kwa thupi sikudutsa 100 gr. Mlomo wa mbalamezi umakhala wocheperako: kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 5-6 okha.
American Snipe (wamwamuna kumanja)
Zambiri mwa nthumwi za mitundu yaku America zitha kutchedwa kuti zowala. Pali nthenga za mitundu yobiriwira, buluu, emarodi, imvi komanso yakuda. Miyendo yayitali kwenikweni imakhala yobiriwira bwino.
Ponena za mtundu wokhazikika, njoka za ku America zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazindikirika pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina ya banja. Mawanga amdima pa nthenga ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapezeka pafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azinyalanyaza.
Nthata za nthumwi zamtunduwu zimayamba kudzilamulira. Zimawatenga osakwana mwezi kuti aphunzire kusaka ndi kufunafuna chitetezo choyenera ali okha kapena ndi paketi yawo.
Njoka yachi Japan
"Japan" - uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo wa banja womwe umafunika chitetezo chapadera. Ngakhale zaka 30 mpaka 40 zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kunayamba kuchepa mofulumira. Asayansi a mayiko angapo adatenga zofunikira mu nthawi, chifukwa chomwe mu 90s ya XX century chiwerengero cha anthu chinakwera pang'ono ndikuima pamndandanda wina.
Ngakhale izi, ngakhale lero, Russia, China, Korea ndi Japan zimayang'anira mosamalitsa kuteteza anthuwa. Kukhazikika kwa nthomba zaku Japan ndizotetezeka. Adani awo achilengedwe ndi nkhandwe ndi agalu a raccoon omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zakwanuko. "Owononga" chachikulu zisa ndi akhwangwala.
Mawonekedwe a mbalamezi sitinganene kuti ndi odabwitsa. Amakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka a bulauni kapena amvi omwe amakhala ndi mawanga amdima kumbuyo ndi khosi. Kutalika kwa "Japan" ndi 25-30 cm, kulemera kwa thupi sikuposa magalamu 150-170.
Njoka yachi Japan
Chifukwa chofanana ndi mbalamezi ndi zolengedwa Zodziwika, nthawi zambiri amakhala osaka osaka omwe amawapha molakwika. Kupha kumeneku ndikulangidwa.
Kuuluka kwa nthumwi zamtunduwu ndikabwino kwambiri. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali ndi mapiko okongola, omwe akachotsa mbalame amatulutsa "thonje" lodziwika bwino. Ntchito yayikulu ya okhala komweko ndikuteteza "Japan" ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa chiwerengerochi.
Maonekedwe aku Africa
Njoka za ku Africa zimakhala kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Africa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa mtundu wa ku Itiyopiya. Mbalamezi zimatha kuzolowera nyengo. Amatha kumanga zisa zawo m'chipululu ndikupeza chakudya pafupi ndi malo osungirako.
Mitundu ya mbalamezi imatikumbutsa bwino kuti Njoka Yaikulu. Otsika kwambiri, ali ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso ma volumetric maula. Mikwingwirima yakuda imatha kuwoneka pakhosi ndi pamutu pa mbalamezo, pomwe thupi limakutidwa ndi nthenga zofiirira, ndipo m'mimba mulibe chikasu kapena choyera. Mlomo wa nthumwi zamtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi wautali kwambiri m'banja. Zimawathandiza kupeza chakudya m'nthaka youma ya mayiko a ku Africa.
Njoka yachi Africa
Monga "Japan", mitundu ya ku Africa ndi yovuta kusiyanitsa ndi sipikitidwe wamba. Asodzi odziwa kusaka nthawi zonse amazindikira pang'ono pang'ono kuuluka kwa mitundu ya ku Africa. Padziko lapansi, ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa mbalame ndi inzake.
Oimira amtunduwu siovuta kumanga zisa. Komabe, ngakhale m'madambo achipululu, amatha kukumbira mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndikuyala udzu wouma ndi masamba mkati mwake. M'malo otetezeka komanso abwino, anapiyewo amatetezeka.
Nkhwangwa Yothengo (Dupel)
Dupel ndi mitundu yapadera yamtundu wa snipe, yosiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Imeneyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri mpaka 30cm, yotalika mpaka magalamu 150-180. Chofunikira kwambiri pamabowo ndi mapiko otambalala a mapiko awo, omwe amatha kufikira theka la mita kutalika.
Mbalame yotereyi imadziwika ndi nyengo yotentha ku Russia. Madera akuluakulu omwe amagawa ndi Siberia yaku West ndi Eastern, komanso Far East. Nthawi yozizira, amasamukira kumadera otentha, mwachitsanzo, kupita kumayiko aku Asia kapena Australia.
Wotchire Kuthengo
Ndiye kuti, m'maenje a nkhalango, nkhalango zowirira zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo yambiri (mwachitsanzo, ku Siberia) ndi madera okhala ndi masamba otsika (mapiri ndi mapiri a nkhalango ku Australia) ndizovomerezeka. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimayesetsa kukhazikika pafupi ndi dziwe, komwe mungapeze nthaka yonyowa komanso yofewa ndi masamba am'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ngakhale zili choncho, mabowo amapereka zida zawo m'malo otentha ndipo osazilola kuti "zilowerere". Nthawi zonse amasamalira ana, kumusamalira komanso kumuteteza kwa adani ake. Kuyambira kubadwa, anapiye amaphunzira kudzipezera okha chakudya.
Mosiyana ndi Common Snipe, yomwe ikatulutsa mawu okhala ndi "kutulutsa", malo obisalako amakopa chidwi cha akazi ndi "kulira kwawo" komwe kumapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi "kuwomba" ndi nthenga zazikulu. Mu kupumula, makhalidwe a mayenje siosiyana ndi ena.
Mountain Snipe (Dupel)
Phiri lamapiri ndi lachiwiri kukula kukula pakati pa oimira ena a banja lanyanjayi. Kukula kwawo ndi 28-32 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi kumafika pamtengo wamitengo ya 350-370. Iwo, monga mabowo a nkhalango, ali ndi mapiko akuluakulu, kutalika kwake ndi 50-55 cm.
Kuwona kwa mapiri kumapiri kumadziwika ndi mchira wautali komanso nthenga zazikulu zokongola. Mutu wa mbalame umakongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chachitali. Mtundu wa nthenga umakhala ndi mitundu yoyera, yosiyana ndi nsapato zina ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi mawanga.
Phiri lamapiri
Kuuluka kwa mapiri akufanana ndi kuthawira kwa mitengo. Amasunthira mtunda waung'ono komanso mosamala, kuwopa kukumana ndi mdani kapena mlenje. Mabowo a mapiri amapezeka m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha - ku Central Asia, ku Asia gawo la Russia, komanso kumadera akumapiri.
Oimira amtunduwu amakhala omasuka pamtunda wa 2,000 mpaka 5,000 metres. Amakhala pafupi ndi dziwe lamapiri, akukonza zisa zawo pamenepo. Mabowo a m'mapiri ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimasinthasintha, chifukwa zimalolera modekha kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuzungulira kwa mlengalenga.
M'nyengo yozizira, amatha kuuluka kupita kumadera ena, kapena amatha kukhalabe nthawi yachisanu m'malo awo osatha. Kwambiri komwe amapitako amakuona ngati magombe a North Seas. M'malo mwake mapiri amakhala usiku wonse pachisanu, pomwe ali pansi pa chipale chofewa "chomwe chimawateteza ku nyengo yakunja.
Khalidwe la mbalame
Monga tanena kale, njoka zimakhala moyo wobisika, zomwe zimakonda kukhala tulo ndikukasaka usiku. Ogwiritsa ntchito nkhalango posaka ndi ngozi yayikulu kwa mbalame, chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, luso lazobisala komanso kutha kudziwa ngozi munthawi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri. Maluso a snipe amapezeka kuyambira ubwana.
Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi zimawuluka bwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kugwira nyama popanda kugwira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala moyo wa "dziko". Zovala zabwino komanso zopindika zimawathandiza kuyenda mosavuta m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, komanso kuti asamire munthaka yowoneka bwino. M'malo oterowo, monga lamulo, mbalame zimayang'ana chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri, njoka zimakhala m'nkhalango zopanda mitengo yambiri kapena malo okhala, pafupi ndi malo otsalira. Kupezeka kwa udzu wandiweyani, komanso mitengo yakufa ndi masamba okugwa, amafunikira kubisala.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti snipe ndi mbalame zosamukira. Satha kulekerera kuzizira, chifukwa cha kugwa amawulukira kumadera otentha omwe ali ndi malo abwino. Komabe, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, amakhala nthawi pang'ono: kale ndi woyamba thaw, abwerera ku Earth.
"Nyimbo za Mating"
Nthawi yakuswana ndi nthawi yapadera m'moyo wa snipe. Zimayamba paulendo wa mbalame kupita kudziko lakwawo pakubwerera kuchokera m'mbali zotentha. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe ambiri amakhala chete munthu wamwamuna amayamba kukopa chidwi cha akazi. Amphongo amafika zisa zawo kale kwambiri kuposa zazikazi ndikuyamba zomwe zimatchedwa "zapano", ndiye kuti, kulimbana kwachikazi.
Wamkazi ndi wamphongo wamba pachaka chokomera
Kuti akope chidwi cha oimira "akazi", amuna amachita nyimbo zapadera ngakhale kuvina. Mbalame zikuyenda mozungulira pamwamba pa nthaka ndikufikira bwino, ndikupereka mawonekedwe mawu osokosera, kokumbukira pang'ono zagunda wakhungu. Chifukwa cha machitidwe otere, anthu amatchedwa "mwanawankhosa".
Mverani mawu a chikwangwani
Pambuyo pa kuvina kwachikondi kumeneku, mwamunayo amagwa pansi ndikupitiliza nyimbo yake yokoma pansi. Pakupita masiku angapo, mzimayi amatenga chidwi ndi "woyimba" yekhayekha ndi mitundu ya mbalame.
Kuswana njoka
Awiriwo atayamba kufunafuna malo oyikapo chisa. Mwamuna ndi njoka yachikazi khalani limodzi kokha nthawi yocheza, chifukwa chake ndi mkazi yekha amene amatchera mazira ndikusamalira anapiye amtsogolo kufikira nthawi yina.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi ya "nthawi ya chisa" yamphongo imakumana ndi mbalame imodzi yokha, imatsalira mazira pafupi ndi chisa ndikuwuzanso ena kuti gawo lake limakhala la akazi. Izi ndi mawonekedwe a okhawo amtunduwu. Amuna a Woodcock, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuphatikiza zazikazi 4 mpaka 7 pachaka chimodzi.
Chisa chokhala ndi mazira
Zake chisa chofiyira omangidwa pansi kuchokera panthambi zowuma ndi masamba. Udzu wouma "umagwera" mu kukhumudwa pang'ono pansi. Ndikofunikira kuti dziwe lizikhala pafupi ndi chisa. Komanso, pakakhala chinyezi kwambiri m'deralo, makulidwe amtunduwo ayenera kukhala kuti mkazi azitha kupatsa anapiyewo chisangalalo.
Zolemba za ana
Monga lamulo, wamkazi amayikira mazira anayi ang'ono. Ndizachilendo kuti chipolopolo cha dzira ndi chofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nthomba zake zokha. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mumatha kubisa mazira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudya nawo.
Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu ndipo chimakutidwa ndi madambo ambiri amdima. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimasungira mazira, koma chifukwa cha izi sichinafotokozeredwe. Mbalameyi imateteza ana ake moyenera, kuopa owononga kapena kudziyang'anira okha.
Pambuyo pa masiku 20 a kuwaswa, anapiye ang'onoang'ono amawoneka, atakutidwa kale ndi fluff pang'ono. Amuna ndi akazi amasamalira ana limodzi: amagawana ana m'magawo awiri ndikukula anapiye awo mosiyana.
M'mwezi woyamba wa moyo, anapiyewo amakhalabe osathandiza. Ngakhale amachoka chisa msanga ndikuphunzira kutsatira makolo awo, amakhala otetezeka kwambiri kwa adani. Chifukwa chake, makolo nthawi zambiri amayenera kusamalira bwino ana awo, nthawi zina ngakhale kuwasunthira m'manja.
Snipe Chick
Ziphuphu zazing'ono mkati mwa masabata awiri kapena atatu atabadwa zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi akulu. Amakhala nthenga zofananira ndipo amaphunzira kubisala molondola kwa adani awo. "Gawo" lawo lokhalo ndi kulephera kuwuluka.
Komabe, kufunika kopanga maulendo ataliatali ndi akulu kumapangitsa anapiye kuphunzira msanga luso lothawa. Ndipo kale ali ndi miyezi itatu, mbalame zimatha kuwuluka payokha.
Utali wamoyo
Gawo lalikulu la moyo wa swipe amathera pa "mapangidwe" awo. Anapiye ang'ono amafunika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti akhale bwino ndi gulu lawo ndikukhala moyo wachikulire.
Ngakhale kuti kale ali ndi miyezi itatu, mbalamezo zimatha kuwuluka bwino, komabe zimadalira makolo awo. Ndipo ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka isanu ndi inayi, ikafika nthawi yosunthira yophukira, njoka zazing'ono sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi mbalame zachikulire.
Kutalika konse kwa mbalamezi ndi zaka khumi. Iyi ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kuti njoka ikhale ndi nthawi yambiri, kuphatikizapo ana ambiri.
Komabe, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa mbalamezi ndi adani awo achilengedwe ndi anthu omwe amachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha mitundu yonse ya anthu asinthidwe.
Kusaka Kwambiri
Monga tanena kale, snipe ndi chikumbutso chofunikira osati kwa osaka amateur okha, koma kwa akatswiri. Mu chithunzi cha snipe Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe ake oyera komanso okongola kwambiri. Ichi ndiye chinthu choyambira kuchititsa kuti mbalame zizichotsa nyama.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimasakidwa chifukwa cha mulomo wautali komanso wokoma. Osaka amakongoletsa zipinda zawo ndi iwo ndipo amawawonetsera anzawo. Komabe, mbalame zomwe tikukambirana ndizosamala komanso zamanyazi.
Wothawathawa
Amayang'anitsitsa malo awo mozungulira ndipo amalankhula mokweza mawu. Pachifukwa ichi, agalu osaka satha kuwagwira, ndipo osaka okha amataya nyama zawo atawombera. Zachikazi zimateteza anapiye awo mwachidwi, motero zimakhala zosavuta kuba mazira osowetsa chisa chawo.
Adani achilengedwe a mbalamezi, choyambirira, amadyera nkhalango. Izi zikuphatikiza ma badger, martens, sables, ermines. Kuphatikiza apo, makoswe ambiri, makamaka olimbana ndi anapiye, amabweretsa ngozi kwa mbalame.
Ubwenzi wa mbalame ndi anthu
Ngakhale akusaka kosalekeza, kuchuluka kwa njoka kumakhalabe kwakukulu. Ndi mitundu yochepa chabe mwa 17 yomwe amalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo amatetezedwa makamaka ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi. Chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa snipe waku Japan, omwe pakali pano ndiofala kwambiri pakati pa ena onse.
M'pofunikanso kunena kuti anthu amakonda kwambiri snipe. Anthu ambiri amakonda kuonera kuthawa kokongola ndi nyimbo za mbalame nthawi yakubzala. Mosachepera anthu amasilira zokongola za mbalame zazing'ono.
Sipika waku Asia
Khalidwe lolondola la njoka pafupifupi nthawi zonse limapangitsa anthu kuwatsogolera. Monga tanena kale, anthu a mbalamezi amatchedwa "mwana wankhosa", zomwe zimatsimikiziranso malingaliro abwino a anthu kwa oimira banja lino.
Chithunzithunzi m'mabuku ndi sinema
Mbalame zomwe zapendedwa m'nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa m'mabuku owonetsera kapena m'mafilimu apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, snipe amatenga gawo lofunikira mu ntchito ya Vitali Bianchi "Ndani amayimba?". Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimapezeka ku Leo Tolstoy ("Anna Karenina"), komanso Ivan Turgenev ("Zolemba za mlenje").
Ponena za cinema, snipe amawoneka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma osachita nawo gawo lalikulu. Choyamba, makanema oterewa amaphatikiza mafilimu apadziko la Soviet omwe amasinthidwa ndi zolemba za Russian classics.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mu 2010, filimu yaifupi yaku Sweden yotchedwa "Bekas" idatulutsidwa. Komabe, mawuwa adamasuliridwa ku Russian ngati "Orphans" ndipo alibe kanthu ndi mbalame zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Tiyeneranso kunenanso kuti Bekas ndi dzina la mfuti lopangidwa kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi fakitale yaku Russia Hammer.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi takambirana za mbalame zokongola ngati njoka. Taphunzira zomwe oimira banja lino akufanizira, komanso kudziwa za moyo wawo. Mbalamezi ndi chinthu chosangalatsa osati chongowonera, komanso pophunzira.
Njoka zimatikumbutsa za kukongola ndi chisomo cha dziko. Ndikofunika kuti anthu asayiwale za pulaneti lawo komanso nyama zomwe zikukhala. Zowonadi, mulimonsemo, zivute zitani, ndikofunikira kuti mukhalebe munthu ndikukhala ndi kukongola kwachilengedwe.