Hummingbird - Gulu la mbalame zachilendo kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu 330. Amagawidwa mu dongosolo lina la Hummingbird. Ma swords ali pafupi ndi ma hummingbird mwadongosolo, omwe kale anali ophatikizidwa kukhala gulu limodzi.

Hummingbird wotchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako: kutalika kwa mitundu yambiri kumakwanira masentimita angapo, kulemera kwa 2-4 g, ngakhale mitundu yayikulu kwambiri - chimmingbird chachikulu - kutalika kwake ndi 20 cm, pomwe theka lake ndi mchira. Izi ndi mbalame zazikazi kwambiri komanso imodzi mwazing'ono zazing'ono kwambiri. Hummingbird zolimbitsa thupi zimafanana ndi odutsa: mutu wokulirapo, khosi lalifupi, mapiko amtali. Koma miyendo yawo ndiyifupi komanso yofooka kwambiri.

M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovala zotetezera, mawonekedwe a mulomo ndi mchira umasiyana kwambiri. Mlomowo ungakhale wofupika, wowoneka bwino wopindika kapena wopindika kwambiri mu arc. Mchira nthawi zambiri umakhala wofupika, wodula mosabisa, nthawi zina umakhala wautali kapena wopindika. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi ndizochepa, nthenga zimakhazikika pakhungu. Mitundu ya Hummingbird imakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, ngakhale kuti mtundu uliwonse wautoto ulibe utoto ngati paparoti. Nthenga za Hummingbird zili ndi chinthu chinanso chosangalatsa - zimasiyanitsa mawonekedwe owala pa iwo mbali zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, khungu la gawo limodzi lofanana la thupi limatha kusintha, kutengera mbali yomwe mumayang'ana - ndikofunikira kuti wamiseche atembenukire mutu wake ndi utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira ndi moto wofiirira. Ndiye chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimatchedwa miyala yokongoletsera!

Mawonekedwe a ndege

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mbalame za hummingbes zimakhala pamtambo, kuzimenya ndi ma taya, ndipo sizingathe kuyenda pansi.

Koma mbalamezi sizimafunikira ma thumba, chifukwa zimatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri zikuuluka. Njira zoyendetsera mbalamezi ndizopadera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu kuthawa kwa hummingbird palibe gawo logubuduza kapena kukonzekera, mbalameyo ikauluka pamapiko otambasuka. M'malo mwake, mbalame za humming nthawi zonse zimapeta mapiko awo pafupipafupi mpaka kufika pakuwonekera kwa 100 sekondi imodzi! Njira iyi yoyendera imafunikira mphamvu zambiri. Poyerekeza, ndikokwanira kunena kuti ngati munthu amatha kugwedeza manja ake kuthamanga kotero, thupi lake limatenthetsa mpaka kutentha kwa 400 ° C! Ma Hummingbird ali ndi zida zingapo zofunikira kuti muchepetse ndalama zamagetsi. Choyamba, m'mapiko mwake, mafupawo amaphatikizana kuti mapiko ake apange ndege imodzi ndipo momwe imakhalira ikukula.

Kuti utambule mapiko oterowo, mbalame yolumikizira imachulukitsa. Kachiwiri, hummingbird ali ndi mtima waukulu ndipo amakhala 40-50% ya voliyumu ya thupi! Kuchulukitsa kwa mbalamezi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kuti akhale ndi moyo, amakakamizidwa kudya nthawi zonse.

Kugawa

Mitundu yonse yazovala zamtchire imakhala ku New World. Mbalamezi zakhala zikukula kwambiri ku South ndi Central America, ku North America zimapezeka kum'mwera kokha. Chokhacho chimasiyana ndi mtundu wa hummingbird wokhala ndi khosi, womwe mtundu wawo umafikira kumapiri a Rocky ndi Canada. Pokhudzana ndi kukhala m'malo ovuta, mtunduwu umapanga maulendo apamtunda kupita ku Mexico - panthawi yakuuluka, mbalame zimayenda mtunda wa 4000-5000 km! Kuthamanga kumathandizira kuthana ndi mtunda wawutali wotere wa timadzi tamadzi, chifukwa zinyenyeswazi zimawuluka mwachangu mpaka 80 km / h. Mitundu yotsalayi imakhala yachisoni. Mitundu yonse ya mbalame za hummingbes imangokhala m'nkhalango zokha. Mitundu ina ya mitundu imatha kukhala yocheperako (mitundu yotereyi imatchedwa endemic).

Moyo

Ana a Hummingb amakhala okha. Izi ndi mbalame zoyenda kwambiri zomwe nthawi zonse zimawuluka posaka chakudya. Amagwira ntchito masana okha, ndipo usiku ... Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha metabolism yofulumira, usiku wa hummingbirds ndi wofanana masabata angapo amoyo kwa munthu. Kuwononga nthawi yochulukirapo popanda zovala za hummingbird sichitha, chifukwa chake, pakufika kwamadzulo, mbalamezi zimagwera stupor, zomwe zimafanana ndi hibernation yozizira ya zimbalangondo. Panthawi ya dzanzi, kukoka kwa hummingbird kumacheperachepera, kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika mpaka 17-21 ° C. Ndi kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa, "zokongola zogona" zimawotha ndikukhala ndi moyo.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zofunika, amtundu wa hummingb apanga kukonzekera kwapadera kwa gastronomic. Mbalamezi zimangodya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Zakudya izi ndizopatsa thanzi, koma ndizochepa mapuloteni. Hummingbird amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti apange kufunikira kwa mapuloteni. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosungunulira imakonda timadzi ta mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ina imakhala yapadera kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kudya pazomera za mtundu womwewo! Ndikutengera izi kuti mawonekedwe a mulomo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana amadalira. Ma Hummingbird amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo amadya mpaka kuchuluka kwa chakudya patsiku.

Kuswana

Mbidzi zamtundu wa kumpoto zimaswana nthawi yotentha, mitundu yotentha - chaka chonse. Wamphongo amateteza malo ake, koma akuletsa chisamaliro cha kubereka mwa kukhwima ndi mkaziyo, ntchito zina zonse zimagwera. Yaikazi imamanga chisa chautali kuchokera ku maudzu abwino kwambiri, ubweya wamphongo ngakhalenso mikwingwirima. Chidacho chimakhala pamphepete mwa nthambi zomwe sizimatheka ndi anthu omwe amadyera mitengo; nthawi zina imakhala ndi masamba ndi zinthu zina zoyenera. Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri (kulemera kwa dzira laling'ono kwambiri ndi 2 mg!) Ndipo imawalowetsa kwa masiku 16-18. Amadyetsa anapiye onyentchera ndi timadzi tokoma, timomwe timalumikizidwa mulomo wake ndikumapita nawo ku chisa. Izi zimachitika kuti anapiye akuyembekezera mayi kuti agwe mumdzu wamantha. Mkazi wobwerera amawachepetsa ndikuwadyetsa kwenikweni, chifukwa moyo wamunthu wam'madzi umadalira kwambiri chakudya. Malupu amakula mwachangu ndikusiya chisa m'masiku 20-25.

Zowopsa zakupezeka

Mwachilengedwe, mbalame za hummingb zimadedwa ndi njoka za mitengo ndi ma tarantulas, omwe amabisalira zobiriwira. Munthu wathandizanso kuti mbalame zodabwitsazi ziwonongedwe. Ngakhale zikumveka zoseketsa bwanji, zovala za hummingb zimapangidwira nthenga zakuda. Ngakhale kubera kwazing'ono kunawopseza kukhalapo kwa mitundu yonseyi, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya zovala zotentha imakhala ndi malo ochepa kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimatha kusungidwa mu ukapolo, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti azitha kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi nthawi zonse. Mbidzi yanjala yanjala imafooka nthawi yomweyo, imasiya kuyenda, ndipo imayesetsa kutenthera mwa kuphimba thupi lake laling'ono ndi mapiko.

Chithunzithunzi:

Olympiad “Wophunzira Wamzaka Zam'ma 2000: Kuwerenga Zolemba

1. Gwirani ntchito ndi zolembedwa za ntchitoyi (kuwerenga semantic).

1. Werengani ntchitoyo. Malizitsani ntchito kulemba.

Mwakachetechete chete, bata limasweka. Mukuvala malaya oundana okhala ndi mapiramidi akuthwa, maluwa obiriwira obiriwira amawuka. Shaggy hoarfrost adaphimba tchire. Mwakachetechete m'nkhalangomo, ndipo patsiku lopepuka, lopanda chimphepo chilichonse chimamveka. Mlezi woonda, wamtali pang'ono kuposa kufinya kwa udzudzu, ndipo phokoso limamveka pakati pa nthambi zokulitsa. Kansalu kakang'ono kwambiri kamene kanawalira pakati singano, ufa wonyezimira womwe umawazidwa pamtengowo.

Kinglet iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Ichi ndiye chomangira chathu. Onsewo ali ngati ma toni obiriwira, ali ndi korona wagolide wowoneka bwino kudzera pama bizinesi pamutu pake.

Zokhudza mavalidwe awa, anthu adatcha mfumu yaing'ono mbalame. Sanawafikire mafumu akulu.

Anthu amayenda nthano yotere. Mbalamezi zidasankha kusankha mfumu yawo yemwe akweze kumwamba zonse. Ena ananyamuka pamwamba pa nkhalango, ena apamwamba, koma palibe amene anali ndi mphamvu yopikisana ndi chiwombankhanga. Anakwera monyadira mapiri pamtunda wosatheka kuwapeza. Ndipo atatsimikiza kuti palibe amene angawuluke pamwamba pake, adaganiza zokhala pansi. Ndipo pomwepo mbalame yaying'ono idalumphira pansi pa mapiko ake,, ndikulumphira kumtunda, ikufinya:

Chinyengocho chinaululidwa pambuyo pake, ndipo chiwombacho chimadziwika kuti ndi mfumu ya mbalame. Wosokosera pang'ono amatchedwa mfumu.

Ndikudabwa kuti mwana wotere, wokhala ndi thupi lochepa la magalamu asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, amayamba kuzizira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amaimbanso nyimbo 40 mpaka ziro. Mafumu amasungidwa m'khola m'nkhalango zowirira. M'moyo, ali pafupi ndi tini. Mafumu ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito masiku onse osafunikira tsiku lonse m'masinga akhungu, ndipo amafufuza nthambi iliyonse kuti apeze chakudya. Ndi dexterity ya probatic, khanda limatenga mitundu yambiri ndipo, ndikukhomera kachilomboka, ndikubisanso singano. Nthawi zina, ikuuluka, imayimilira m'mwamba kumapeto kwa nthambiyi, ndipo ikatulutsa mapiko ake, imayang'ana kuthyolako.

Ubwino wa nkhalango zochokera kwa mfumu ndizowoneka bwino. M'nyengo yotentha, Kinglet imodzi imawononga tizilombo tochepa pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi ndi mphutsi zawo. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, nthawi zosamukasamuka, mafumu amayendera nkhalango ndi minda yosanja pamodzi ndi masamba a mitengo. Mwana wakhandayo amakhala ndi mitengo yayitali ya mkungudza, atapachikika chisa chozungulira ndi khomo lakumphepete mwa nthambi imodzi yapamwamba. Chidacho ndi chaching'ono (kukula kwa mpira wa tenisi), chobisidwa bwino komanso zovuta kupeza. Mu clutch - kuyambira sikisi mpaka eyiti.

Koroleki ndiwosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, samazolowera kumunthu, sazindikira kudyetsa komanso kugwidwa ukapolo.

1. Kodi ndi mbalame iti yomwe imatchedwa Far East Hummingbird?

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Hummingbird wautoto-wakuda - Plumebearer

Kukula kwa amuna omwe amakhala ndi mchira wa hummingbird wakuda kumafika 18 -25 cm, 11-18 masentimita pa mchira. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 5.1 - 5.3. Akazi achikuda amisala yakuda ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa masentimita 13- 13.

Hummingbird (Plumeria) wakuda-Wosachedwa (Lesbia victoriae).

Nthenga za mchira zimapangidwa ndi nthenga zazitali kwambiri zazitali zamtambo wakuda zokhala ndi malekezo opindika obiriwira obiriwira. Mchira wa amuna okhala ndi notch yayikulu. Mapikowo ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mchira. Akazi amakhala ndi mchira wamfupi.

Zizolowezi za Hummingbird wa Black-tailed - Plumebearer

Amuna okhala ndi zala zakuda amakhala m'malo opezeka mvula kapena otentha, mapiri atali kwambiri okhala ku Andes, komanso malo okhala. Amafalikira m'malo owuma a mapiri a Andean. Mtunduwu wa hummingbird umapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri okutidwa ndi zitsamba, m'minda ndi malo ena otseguka.

Mbidzi za Hummingbird zimakhala m'malo okwera.

Tizilombo tating'ono kwambiri tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala m'tchire.

Mwinanso aliyense anamva za mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi - mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird. Wamng'ono kwambiri wabanja lino amalemera magalamu 1.6 - 1.8 okha. Koma pali zimphona, zazitali masentimita 20.

Zinyalala izi zimakhala makamaka ku Western Hemisphere, ndipo zambiri mwa izo zimapezeka m'chigwa cha Amazon, kotentha kwa South America. Koma mitundu ina inafika ku Alaska. Nyumba za mbalamezi zimakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri, m'zipululu komanso m'zipululu. Mitundu ina imapezeka pokhapokha maluwa akamamera, pomwe mulomo wa mbalame umasinthidwa.

Popeza ma hummingbird amadya kwambiri, ali pakusaka kosatha kwa "kudyetsa ufa". Ndipo amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri kuti azitha kusunga kutentha kwa thupi komanso kuphatikiza kagayidwe. Izi zimachitika kuti tsiku lililonse amadya kuwirikiza kawiri pa kulemera kwawo. Amadyetsa timadzi tokoma komanso tating'onoting'ono. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mbalame sizikhala pamaluwa, zikuwuluka kwa iwo, zimatulutsa lilime lalitali, nizikulunga ndi chubu ndikutulutsa timadzi tokoma, ngati ntchentche iliyonse ndi akangaude akabwera, zimangoyamwa nazo. Komanso, zikudumphadumpha, zimadyetsa anapiyewo, kupompa timadzi tokamwa kuchokera pakamwa pawo mpaka pamlomo wa mwana wankhuku.

Pouluka, mbalame za mbalame zotchedwa hummingbly zikuwombera mapiko awo, ngati kuti zikulemba mlengalenga zisanu ndi zitatu. Mbalame zochepa, ndikasunthika kwambiri, kuphatikiza, ana odabwitsa awa amatha kuuluka kubwerera m'mbuyo, mitundu yonse ya mbalame .. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowoneka bwino, anthu adawononga kwambiri ma timmingbird. Tsopano mitundu yoposa 10 ya ma hummingbird alemba mu Red Book.

Moyo wabanja la Hummingbird ulinso wachilendo, samapanga maanja, akazi amakonza chisa cha "banja" kuchokera pazofewa, mwachitsanzo, ma cobwebs. Zomera ndizochepa kwambiri, ngati ma walnuts, ndipo zazikulu, ngati mutu wa mwana. Wamphongo satenga nawo gawo pa maphunziro a ana, koma amateteza gawo, kuthamangitsa othamanga.

Chozizwitsa komanso chosasangalatsa ndichakuti mbalamezi zimasinthasintha kutentha kwa matupi awo, nthawi yomwe imathawa imakwera mpaka madigiri 40, usiku mbalame zonse zimafuna kukhala panthambi komanso kutentha kwa matupi awo nthawi yomweyo kumatsika mpaka madigiri 20. Chifukwa chake amatha maola 15 mpaka 20. Mtima wamphamvu kwambiri wovunda umalowa theka la thupi lawo ndipo umakulanso katatu pamimba.

Paukapolo, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya, chovunda cham'madzi chimagwera pansi, chimadumphira pansi ndikuchita dzanzi, pomwe matenthedwe a thupi lake amatsika. Kuti "zitsitsimutse" mbalameyo, ndikotentha kapena kuzidyetsa.

Kuteteza Hummingbird wakuda

Mitundu yakuda yojambulidwa ndi ubweya wakuda siili wamtundu wa mbalame zomwe zikuopseza padziko lonse lapansi. M'malo awo, uwu ndi nyama wamba. Kutetezedwa ndi CITES (Zowonjezera II). Posachedwa, malo okhala akhala akuwonongeka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa nkhalango chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

Makhalidwe apadera a hummingbird wakuda-wamtundu - mchira

Ophunzitsa aubweya wakuda wamisala yakuda amakhala ndi moyo wopanda yekha kupatula kuswana. Amuna amatenga nawo mbali pakubala kokha pakukula ndi mkazi. Samasamukira m'matumba ndipo sakhala awiriawiri. Pa nthawi ya chibwenzi, atsikana otulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timakopa atsikana okhala ndi maonekedwe mwa kuuluka, ndikulemba mawonekedwe ngati zilembo U pamaso pa mkazi.

Chiwerengero cha mapiko a mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird chimakwera mpaka 50 pamphindikati.

Atangokwatirana, mwamunayo amusiya chifukwa chokwatirana ndi akazi ena. Mwanjira zonse, zazikazi zimagwiranso ndi amuna angapo. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali posankha malo okhala chisa, kumanga chisa ndi kudyetsa anapiye. Amuna amamatira gawo lina chakudya. Amasamala kwambiri maluwa omwe amapezeka, amathamangitsa mwamphongo amuna ena, komanso othamangitsana chakudya - tizilombo zazikulu monga bumblebees ndi hawks.

Amuna nthawi zonse amauluka mozungulira pamalowo, kuteteza gawo lawo. Kuuluka kwamtunda kwamtunda kwamtambo kumatheka chifukwa cha kuwuluka kwakumtunda kwa hummingbird, pafupifupi nthawi 50 pamphindi.

Zovala za Hummingb zimawombera mapiko ake osati mowongoka, koma molunjika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizitha kuwuluka mchira woyamba komanso "mbali".