Great Blue Hole ndi imodzi mwazodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake malowa ali mu TOP 10 malo abwino kwambiri osambira. Kuphunzira mapanga obisika pachitsime kunathandiza asayansi kudziwa chinsinsi cha Mayan. Nkhaniyi imaperekanso chidziwitso cha malo omwe nyanja yapansi panyanja, malingaliro ake mawonekedwe ndi mbiri yakafukufukuyu.

Poyerekeza ndi malo owoneka bwino a Gulf of Honduras, bwalo lodziwika bwino la ultramarine likuwonekera - umu ndi momwe Big Blue Hole imawonekera kuchokera kumaso am'maso. Mtundu wokondweretsa umatheka chifukwa cha madzi oyera a galasi komanso kuya kwakuya kwamkati. Pa mapu apadziko lonse palinso zikwangwani zazikulu zam'madzi, koma malowa ndi okongola chifukwa cha kukongola ndi chinsinsi chake. Kubwera apa ndi loto labwino kwambiri la anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi Big Blue Hole ndi chiyani

Zachilengedwe zachilendo izi ndi chitsime chozungulira chotalika mamitala 120 ndi mainchesi 305. Khoma lamiyala yamakhola lamera m'mphepete mwa dzenje lalikulu. Mafunde ocheperawa amawononga ma coral, koma malo omwe akusungidwa amadzaza msanga ndi njira zina zatsopano. Ndi njira ziwiri zopapatiza zokha zomwe zimalumikiza chitsime ndi nyanja.

Mafani okumbira m'madzi amakopeka makamaka ndi matako omwe ali 35 - 45 metres kuchokera pamadzi. Amapanga labyrinth yam'madzi, yokongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi miyala yayikulu ya stalactites ndi kukula kwamiyala yamtengo wapatali. Ma stalactites amakula mpaka 6 metres ndikupatuka kuchoka pamtunda ndi madigiri 10 - 12. Makina oyendetsera ngalande amatha kulumikiza dzenje munyanja ndi kumtunda. Muufumu wapansi pamadziwu mulibe kuwala pang'ono ndipo pafupifupi kulibe kufalikira kwamadzi, chifukwa chake pamakhala anthu ochepa. Apa mungapeze magulu a nsomba zam'matanthwe. Moyo m'madzi osaya, m'mphepete mwa chopondera chimphona, umakhala wolemera kwambiri.

Mukamayenda mafunde ambiri, kumira pamadzi kuno kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri: kamvuluvulu womwe umayamba ndi phokoso lomwe limalowa mu phompho la aliyense amene ali mosiyanasiyana.

Kodi Big Blue Hole ili kuti

Pafupifupi malo okhala am'madzi mwa nyanja ya Central America ya Belize. Tchuthi cha coral cha Belize Barrier Reef chili pamtunda wamakilomita 280 m'mphepete mwa dziko lino, chachiwiri mpaka ku Great Barrier Reef. Pakatikati pa Llightouse Reef Atoll pali ngale ya buluu yamadzi.

Mutha kufika pano pa bwato kuchokera ku doko la San Pedro maora angapo. Magawo a malo apadera: 17º02 'N 87º32 'W

Malingaliro a Maonekedwe

Makina abwino kwambiri a dzenjewo amapangitsa kuti anthu azikhulupirira kuti anangopeka. Anthu okhala ku Central America amakhulupirira kuti mulungu wina amagwiritsa ntchito dzenjeyo ngati chosungira. Kunanenedwanso kuti zikhalidwe zakunja ndi zomwe zitha kusiya chizindikiro chotere. Komabe, anali chilengedwe chomwe adapanga chozizwitsa ichi.

Asayansi amatipatsa njira yofanizira. Malingaliro awo, uku ndi kupangidwe kwachilengedwe, komwe mapangidwe ake adayamba mu ayezi. Poyamba, maukonde am'malo otetezeka. Popita nthawi, mafunde am'nyanja adayamba kukwera, ndipo madzi adasefukira m'mahola apansi panthaka ndikutsika zipilala zawo. Zowona kuti stalactites zimapendekeka zimasonyezeranso kusintha kwa miyala.

Kupumula kotereku ndi chikhalidwe cha m'mphepete mwa Central America.

Mbiri yakafukufuku

Yankho la chinsinsi cha zozizwitsa za ku Belizean lidapezeka mu 1972 ndi a Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Wofufuzira wodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi pamadzi adatsogolera ulendo wamasayansi pa sitima "Calypso". Gulu lake la akatswiri odziwa zam'nyanja adatsikira pansi pomwe ngalandeyo idatha. Amatha kudziwa kuya kwake, ndikutsimikiziranso lingaliro la zomwe zinachitika.

Komabe, chidwi chofufuza chuma chachilengedwechi sichinathe. Mu 2018, kutuluka kunachitika motsogozedwa ndi Fabien Cousteau, kupitiliza ntchito ya agogo ake owoneka bwino. Cholinga chachikulu cha Blue Hole Belize 2018 chinali kuyika pansi. Poyang'ana pansi pachitsime, mamembala a gululo adapeza zachisoni - kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki.

Zosangalatsa

Mu 2012, asayansi adaphunzira momwe amapangira mankhwala a stalactites ndi mawonekedwe a calcareous kuchokera pansi pamadzi ndipo adapeza kuti kuchokera zaka 800 mpaka 1000. AD Kusintha kwanyengo kudachitika izi, zomwe zidabweretsa chilala chachikulu. Nthawi imeneyi, chitukuko cha a Mayan chidayamba kuwonongeka. Kusintha kwachikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga kunayamba nkhondo zosefukira ndi njala. Ndi chilala chomwe chinapangitsa kuti mizinda yakale isiyidwe, ndipo anthu anayamba kupita kumpoto. Kafukufuku wamphanga watsimikizira kudera kwachilengedwe kwa kuchepa kwa chitukuko ichi.

Bowo la Belize ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chozizwitsa, chomwe chiri chosangalatsa kulingalira zonse zikuuluka pamwamba pake ndi kulowa m'madzi akuya. Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa malowa kumaonedwa kuti ndi cholowa chapadziko lonse ndipo kumaphatikizidwa mndandanda wazinthu zotetezedwa ndi UNESCO.

Kodi dzenje lamtambo ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi chilengedwe, iyi ndi karst Funnel. Kapangidwe kake kanachitika mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo - panthawi yomaliza kupanga dziko lathu lapansi (nyengo ya ayezi).

Liu la buluu ndi dzina wamba la ma karst funnels odzaza madzi ndi pansi pa nyanja.

Kukula kwa chimbudzi, malinga ndi ofufuza, kuli pafupifupi mamita 120. Danga lalikulu la buluu lalikulu ndi 305 metres.

Kodi bowo lalikulu la buluu lili kuti

Chozizwitsachi chochitika chapadziko lapansi chili pafupi ndi boma la Belize, lomwe lili ku Central America pagombe la Pacific.

Mabowo ambiri amtundu wa buluu amapangika nthawi yamadzi oundana, pomwe pamwamba pamadzi panali 100-120 mita pansi.

Mafunde ndi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'malo ano padziko lapansi. Mukamayenda mafunde kwambiri, bowo limasandulika chopondera chachikulu, chitha kuyamwa pakati pake osati tizilombo, komanso maboti athunthu okhala ndi anthu.

Ebbs ikafika, dzenje lalikulu lamtambo, ngati kuti, limakankhira chilichonse chomwe chinagwera mwangozi "mphamvu" yake. Pakadali pano, akasupe enieni amawira pamadzi, nthawi zambiri ngakhale ndi zinyalala.

Pamafunde, ma buluzi enieni amapezeka patsamba la bowo lalikulu la buluu, akujambula chilichonse choyandama pansi.

Chifukwa cha "kusinthika" kwa bowo lamtunduwu, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzidwa.

Chamoyo cha bowo lalikulu lamtambo

Asayansi apeza mitundu yambiri ya nsomba mu phula lakuya ili, pakati pawo: shaki za nanny, shaki zam'matanthwe, gulu lalikulu ndi ena.

Ngakhale kuti malowa ndi osatheka (mtunda wochokera mumzinda wa Belize uli pafupifupi 96 km), malo otchedwa Blue Blue Hole ndi malo odziwika bwino osambira.

Kwa anthu azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, malo odabwitsa awa ndiofunika kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake dzenje lalikulu lamtambo limalembedwa kuti UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kuti tizilowera m'madzi a “phompho” lamtambo anthu masauzande osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi amabwera kuno chaka chilichonse. Monga lamulo, njirayo imadutsa tawuni ya San Pedro. Ili ndi maziko okonzedwa ndipo imakhala ndi chochita isanachitike kumiza kosangalatsa padziko lapansi pazodabwitsa zamadzi.

Dzenje la buluu lidatchuka chifukwa cha wofufuza wofufuza wachifalansa, dzina lake Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

Kuphatikiza pa kugwera pansi, alendo obwera kuderali amapatsidwa ma helikopita osangalatsa pamabowo akulu abuluu. Maonero ochokera kumwamba, malinga ndi omwe akuyenda ambiri, sizodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa kuposa madzi.

Mtengo wa mbiri yakale

Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wamiyala ya pansi pa dzenje lalikulu la buluu, asayansi atenga chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha Mayan. Atasanthula zamiyala yamiyala yamiyala ya karst, asayansi anazindikira kuti m'masiku amenewo kunali chilala chachikulu, chomwe chinapangitsa "zovuta" zawo pakuchepa kwa chitukuko chakale.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Timayamba kupenda mutu wa tebulo la malamulo a September. Nthawi ino ndinatenga mitu 10 yokha (ndikupumula pang'ono), mwina mwina si anthu ambiri omwe anali ndi nthawi :-). Chimodzi mwazabwino kachikachiyama, izi ndi zomwe amafunsa:"Mecca" ya mitundu yonse, malo owopsa kwambiri kuyenda pansi, siphon, kuyenda pansi malo amodzi, ndikuwonekera kunyanja, silingathe kusankha kupita pansi pamadzi

Bowo lotchedwa buluu limatchedwa kuti pansi pa Nyanja Yofiira pafupi ndi mzinda wa Dahab ku Egypt. Kuzama kwa mawonekedwe ozungulira a phompho ndi mita zana ndi makumi atatu. Dzenje la buluu lakuya mamita makumi asanu limalumikizidwa ndi Nyanja Yofiirayo ndi kotchinga mamita 26 khoma la khola lotchedwa Arch.

Kapangidwe kapangidwe kake ka matalala ndi mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa kumakopa ambiri pano. Komabe, gawo lochokera ku Blue Hole kupita ku Nyanja Yofiira kudutsa mu Arch pamafunika ziyeneretso zapamwamba komanso maphunziro apadera. Tsoka ilo, kuwunika kolakwika kwa diveyi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kulephera kudalandira dzina lodziwika bwino "Manda a anthu osiyanasiyana", malinga ndi zomwe boma linena, poyesa kudutsa mu Arch, anthu opitilira 40 adamwalira. Pa gombe pafupi ndi Blue Hole pali miyala ya chikumbutso ya ena mwa akufa.

Komabe, kulowera mu Blue Hole osadutsa mu Arch kumadziwika ndi alendo. Ma coral ambiri amakula pamakoma oimapo a nsomba ndipo nsomba zokongola kwambiri zam'madzi zimakhala, ndipo kumva kowopsa pokhapokha kumangowonjezera nkhawa.

Kamodzi, mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo, matanthwe omwe anali atakula kale ndi mamita awiri okhala ndi khoma lolimba mwadzidzidzi anasiya kukula. M'mphepete mwake, mutapitiliza kukula, mwakula limodzi pakatha zaka masauzande masauzande. Zotsatira zake anali dzenje lalikulu la matanthwe, lotchedwa buluu chifukwa cha mtundu wake wakumwamba. Awa ndi dzenje lalikulu ndi mulifupi mwake pafupifupi mamitala 55, lomwe mu mawonekedwe a mpopi wolimba kwambiri ma plummet mpaka pansi pakuya mita 102. Malowa ndi opezeka chifukwa chodumphira m'madzi kwa akatswiri odziwa zambiri.

Ma Dives onse mu Dahab amapangidwa kuchokera ku gombe, anthu amderalo adakonza mtundu wamtambo pafupi ndi malo amtsinje.

Zachidziwikire za yemwe anali woyamba kulowa mu chipilala sizinasungidwe. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chosowa m'thupi lamakolo chinawonedwa ndi a Israeli.

Zomangamanga zam'matanthwe ndizopadera. Chipilala chachikulu pakhoma la bango, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chigwa chowoneka kuchokera kunyanja, chili ndi chipinda chakutsetsereka pang'ono kupita kunyanja, kutsika mamita 49 mpaka 54. Pansi pa khondapo pali mtunda. Imatsika m'mphepete mwa gombe ndipo pakhomo lachipilala limakhala lakuya pafupifupi mamita 90, potuluka kupita kunja kwa dambo - kuya kwa 120 m. Chipilalachi chimapangidwa kuchokera kumiyala 26 mainchesi 26 - pamwamba pake. Dongosolo loterolo limapangitsa kuti kudutsa kwakeko kukhale kowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe sanatsimikizidwe kuzama kwambiri ndipo alibe zida zapadera. Anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza achikulire kwambiri, adalangidwa koopsa chifukwa chovutikira poyesa chipilalachi.

Zifukwa zake ndi chiyani -, chifukwa, kwa akatswiri odziwa zambiri, kuyenda pansi pamadzi kopitilira mita 50 sikwachilendo? Tiyeni tiwone.

Chipilalachi chimayang'ana kumpoto chakum'mawa. Chifukwa chake, siyiyatsidwa bwino. Kutuluka kuchokera pachipilala kupita kunjako kwa mchenga kumakhala mumthunzi. Khomo lachipilala ndi chopapatiza komanso chakuya, chatsekedwa m'mbali. Dzuwa lowongoka silimazika kupitirira 20 metres. Kuphatikiza kuya. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse pamakhala kucha kwamadzulo - ngakhale kunja kwa miyala.

Kutsimbira nthawi zambiri kumayamba kulowa pakati pa bwalo. Titafika mozama mozama, phokosolo lidayamba kale kucha. Apa akuwona ulusi wonyezimira wa chipilalacho ndipo akuyamba kusambira pansi pa chipilala kupita kunja kwa bwalo. Ndipo apa akuyembekezera kuyesedwa kwakukulu kwa maluso abwinobwino. Chifukwa mumdima mu chipilala ndikuwongolera kuya mozama monga malo owonekera sikutheka. Blue Hole yowunikira ndiyitali kwambiri kuti izi zitheke. Makoma a chipilala ali mumdima wathunthu. Nthawi ngati izi, anthu omwe sanakonzekere kukhala ndi vutoli akhoza kuyamba kuya mozama. Pakuya kopitilira 70 m, sikulinso kwamdima ngati pansi pa chipilala - kuwala kokwanira kumalowamo kuti kuwerenga kuwerenga kuwerenga kwawunikira popanda chiwalitsiro komanso kuwunikira. Ngakhale pakuya kwa mamita 100 sikukhala kwakuda ngati pansi pa Chipilala chokha.

Njira yodumphira kwambiri kwa akatswiri osiyanasiyana ndikulowa m'madzi kuchokera kuzilambazi, ndikuyamba kusambira mpaka khoma lakutsogolo. Ikani mozama moyenera ziyeneretso. Pansi pa mawonekedwe otsetsereka padzakhala malo awa pakuya kwa 90. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse mumphepete mwa nyanja yakuya kwa 60-80 m mungapeze gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi agalu mu 4 mpaka 12 zidutswa. Pambuyo pake, osiyanasiyana kudutsa mu chipilalacho amapita kunja kwa bwalo. Amabwera ndikuwoneka kolimba pansi pa khoma lamatanthwe, akuya kwa 7 m amabwerera kudutsa chishalo, kupita komwe kudutsako kumadutsa.

Njira inanso ndikulowera m'madzi kudzera paming'alu ya "Mabelu" - Mabelu kumbuyo kwa manda a anthu omwe adafa, kutsikira kukuya kwa 65 m ndikuyamba kusambira, ali ndi khala kudzanja lanu lamanja. Nthawi yomweyo palibe poti mutembenukire, ndipo Chipilala chikhala patsogolo panu - simuyenera kuchifuna. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti ayang'anire kusunthika kwa zosakaniza zotsika - munthawi yoyenera (njira yomwe ikudutsa), njira yopita ku Arch imatenga mphindi 15. Ngati nthendayo itakhala yotsutsa, mwina ndi bwino kuyamba kukwera mpaka 60-55 m m'mbuyomu, musanafike pa chipilalacho.

Blue Hole ku Dahab - Chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zabwino kwambiri za Nyanja Yofiila, imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamalo abwino kwambiri oyenda pansi pamadzi ndipo ndi amodzi owopsa kwambiri.

Nthano zimati m'nthawi zakale, emir ankakhala m'malo awa, ndipo anali ndi mwana wamkazi m'modzi. Emir atapita kunkhondo, mwana wake wamkazi anachita nawo zocheza ndi achinyamata am'deralo. Ndipo kotero kuti mphekesera za zoyipa zake sizinapitirire pa nyumba yachifumu, achinyamatawo anaponyedwa mu dzenje lopanda malire. Mapeto ake, emir adadziwitsabe zamtunduwu za mwana wamkazi ndipo adalamula kuti aphedwe. Kenako mwana wamkazi wa emir adadziponyera mu Blue Hole iyi ('Blue Hole') ndipo mawu ake omaliza anali akuti: 'Ndikadadzitengera ndekha onse amene angayerekeze kulowa m'malo ano'. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti lembalo ndi loona, koma zolemba zomwe zili ndi mayina a omwe ndi omwe adafa pano ndiwongoyerekeza.

Pafupi ndi phanga lamadzi, pansi pa gombe, pali chikumbutso momwe muli mapiritsi ambiri okhala ndi mayina aanthu omwe adafa pano. Posachedwa, zinali zoletsedwa kutumiza zizindikilo zatsopano, popeza boma la Egypt lidaona kuti izi zitha kukhudza chidwi cha alendo omwe ali ndi malo achilendo koma owopsa.

Pakadali pano, mndandanda wa anthu omwe athana ndi arch mu njira yopulumutsira (i.e. akukweza mpweya wawo) ndiufupi kwambiri. Pali mayina ochepa okha, mwa omwe pali akatswiri osiyanasiyana monga Bifin (South Africa), Herbert Nietzsc (Austria), Natalia ndi Alexey Molchanov (Russia). Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Natalia Molchanova akadali mkazi yekhayo amene adayenda mchombo ndi mpweya umodzi!

Izi ndi zomwe Andrei Chistyakov, mlangizi wa TDI alemba:

Zimapwetekabe kwa ife tonse omwe timamudziwa James, ndipo ndikutsimikiza kuti sitikhulupiriranso kuti munthu wodabwitsa uyu, a King of Blue Hole, kulibenso. Koma adakhala komweko pa Juni 1, 2003. Ndipo patsogolo pake padalipo ena ambiri, mwina osati owala kwambiri, koma monga iye, wokonda nyanja kosalekeza, amadziwa kudumphira pansi ndipo amadziwa kuyendetsa mwamphamvu. Ndi Rob Palmer, Hurghada, 1997? Mwa njira, James adamwalira akusambira ndi nthata, i.e. sinali "ulendo wa mpira umodzi". Inde, ndipo Rob sikuti aliyense anganene kuti ali ndi vuto. Ndikukumbukira nkhani yayikulu yovuta ku Octopus yokhudza kufa kwa Palmer. Kodi mudaganizapo zomwe zidawapha? Yankho lake ndi lophweka - kuthira pansi mlengalenga, kwa oyambitsa - DEEP AIR.

Tiyeni tinene mokweza, Deep Air ndi mutu! Inde, mphuno kuzungulira khosi la luso lamadzi, koma - mutu! Zakhala zikuchitika, zikuchita ndipo zipitiliza kutero. Pafupifupi aliyense ali pachiwonetsero, koma ali chete - alangizi sauza ophunzira awo, akatswiri odziwa zambiri sauza oyamba kumene, akumasinthasintha mwatchutchutchu wina ndikadumpha kwina kwa mita 110 ... Ndikunena kuti, musachite izi, sindingachite. Ndangotembenukira kuchikhalidwe choyamba.

"Techie". Chifukwa chake, Blue Hole, 12 koloko masana (m'mbuyomu, sizokayikitsa, poyamba, akatswiri amakonda kugona, akuti, amafunika kupuma bwino, ndipo chachiwiri, nthawi zambiri kumadzimbidwa kamodzi patsiku, kumachitika mwachangu). Techie amavala modekha - kumbuyo kwa spark ndi mpweya, pambali - gawo limodzi ndi 50 nitrox - yachiwiri ndi yopanda ntchito, mbiri ya Yo-Yo siyofunika. Pa gombe, ndikuvomereza kwambiri kuti lero - kutalika kwa 100 metres, mwakuya - ayi, ayi. Ndipo kunyira. Kumiza kumachitika monga mwa nthawi zonse - vest imaphulitsidwa kwathunthu - ndipo ndi mwala pansi, chinthu chachikulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yopumira pansi. Ndipo ndi izi, pansi pa Arch - 70, 80, 90 metres - anesthesia imakuta thupi, koma a Techie akadali wamkulu - amatenga machubu owoneka bwino pansi, oponyedwa ndi alendo osakopa ochokera ku Sharm, zipsepse, ndipo, ngati muli ndi mwayi, makompyuta. Ndipo opaleshoni imagwira ntchito yake. Kuchokera pakona ya diso lathu, techie wathu akuwona kuti mnzake adapita mozama - uh, ayi, m'bale, ukunama - muyenera kuwonjezera ma mita angapo. Ndi zotsalira za masomphenya (madontho akuda pamaso pa maso, masanjidwe amaso), ngwazi yathu imakonza chithunzi pakompyuta - 110 metres. Wow, koma mawonekedwe ndiabwino, lero mutha kupita mwakuya. Ndipo zimapita mwakuya, pansi ndikabwino - kukondera kosangalatsa kopita mosayembekezera.

Ndipo pali chiyani, kumbuyo kwa sitepe yotsatira? Ndipo, pang'onopang'ono, modzidzimutsa, amagona, ndipo miyendo yake imapitilira kuyenda modekha - mozama komanso mwakuya ... Ngakhale pokwera, mtsogoleri wagululo adazindikira kuti awiriwo sawoneka - koma m'modzi mwa otayika adagwera pamwamba pake ndi mwala - izi ndi zotsalira za mita 112 iye. Ndidakanikiza vest yomwe ikuwombera, kenako ndikugalamuka pa madola makumi asanu, ndikuwopsa ndidawona kompyuta yanga - ndikutsika pansi, kuti ndiyime. Koma nkhawa pang'onopang'ono imadzaza mtsogoleriyo, palibe wachiwiri ndipo, popeza sanafike mphindi 15 zomaliza, amathamangira. Zikuwoneka bwino apa - wachiwiri sudzabweranso - ndipo pakadali pano, ndiye kuti mpweya ulipobe ndipo wagona modekha pa mita 140, akupumira mofatsa, VR3 m'chiwuno mwake ikusonyeza nthawi yonse yokwera maola 4, koma wophunzirayo ali wokondwa igona pansi ndikupumira.

Ndipo masiku angapo pambuyo pake, bambo ndi bambo okalamba amabwera ku Dahab, ali chete, sangathenso kulira, ndipo moyo wawo tsopano wataya tanthauzo - pambuyo pake, sanakhale yemwe anali kumukonda kwambiri, chifukwa cha omwe amakhala mdziko lapansi. Amapita kwa oyang'anira chitetezo am'deralo ndikumupatsa madola 3,000 - amupatsanso wina 5 akamakatenga zomwe zatsala mwana wawo, ngati nsomba ndi nkhanu zinali zowolowa manja masiku ano - akhoza kudziwikabe ... Ndipo kenako - zazitali ndi olamulira, apolisi ndi bokosi la zinc alongedza IL-86, ndikuwopseza alendo omwe akuchoka ...

"CHAKUDYA." Lero loto langalo lakwaniritsidwa - Ndidagwirizana ndi bambo wina wakomweko amadyera zana - ndidalonjeza kuti ndidzapita naye ku Arch. Koma zomwe, ndili kale wodziwika kale, ndili ndi dives 50, ndili komanso mita 60 (mwachinsinsi kuchokera kwa oyendetsa, pamodzi ndi mnzanga, paulendo wanga womaliza ku Maldives), Ndimapumira bwino, baluni imodzi ndiyokwanira ngati simukhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa Arch. Tangolingalirani, Arch, akunena kuti chipilala chapamwamba chiri kutali ndi mamita 55 - kotero zonse zili mu dongosolo. Kusambira. Timayenda modekha kwa 30 metres, ndizovuta pang'ono kuyendetsa bwino pakati pa chitsime - palibe zodziwika, koma, palibe, titha kugwiritsanso ntchito zida. Ndipo apa akuchokera pena pake - kukongola! Ndipo tiyeni tikwere mwakuya, kenako mamita 55 siolimba mwanjira ina ...

Ndikupangira chizindikiritso changa a Susanin kuti akunyamuka kwambiri kuchokera ku Arch - amapotoza chala chake kukachisi, koma sangasiye mzanga - anaganiza izi ndipo zinali zowonekeratu kuti popanda Susanin sangathe kubwera. Ndikupita, mwadzidzidzi khomalo limasungunuka pang'onopang'ono - ndipo ndikumva m'makutu mwanga kuti ndikugwa, koma sindikumvetsetsa komwe kumtunda kuli kuti, komwe kuli pansi. Mantha okwanira ndichinthu chomaliza chomwe chidawalira m'mutu mwanga - mdima wina ... Ndipo pagombe mayi wokongola amawerenga buku - munthu yekhayo padziko lapansi yemwe ali wabwino kwambiri ndi iye ayenera kuwuka posachedwa. Amangolota maso ...

"Open diver yamadzi." Wophunzitsa wathu, munthu wodziwa komanso wolimba kwambiri, adapereka ndalama zokwana $ 100 ndikutiwonetsa china chodabwitsa - mtundu wina wa Arch wotchuka. Mkazi wanga anachita mantha ndipo sanapite, anakhumudwitsa ine, koma ndidaganiza zopita - kwambiri, $ 100 - ugh, zikomo Mulungu, bizinesi ikuyenda bwino, ndipitabe pansi pati? Timavala ndikusambira mpaka pakati pa chitsime - wophunzitsayo akuwonetsa chikwangwani, ndikuphulitsa BCD ndikuyamba kugwa. Koma ndi chiyani - khoma louma lomwe silikuwoneka pafupi nalo ndipo pansi ndi kuti? Ndinafinya zowongoka pakamwa panga ndikuyamba kupalasa ndi zipsepse, posakhalitsa ndasiya kumvetsetsa ngati ndikuyandama kapena ndikubayimbira - mtima wanga ukuoneka kuti ukutsika pachifuwa mwanga tsopano .... Zikhala zophweka kwambiri kundipeza - tsiku lomwelo thupi langa lidzachotsedwa kuchokera pamamita 90 kuchokera kwa akatswiri omwe amabwera kudzalowa mwadzidzidzi - mkaziyo amangolipira ndalama masauzande ochepa okha ...

Chifukwa chake, musanakhale zochitika zitatu - kwa inu nokha, ndizomwe zili momwe mungakondere? Mwa njira, James Paul Smith, Mfumu ya Blue Hole, yemwe adagona tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo Robert Palmer, Purezidenti wa TDI Europe, anali othandiza kwambiri - anyamata ovala kwambiri, zili bwino?

Great Hole

Dzenje lalikulu la buluu - Chingapo chachikulu cha karst cha Belize Barrier Reef ku Nyanja ya Atlantic, chomwe chili m'mphepete mwa gombe laling'ono la Central America. Kumizidwa mmenemo ndi mayeso owopsa, omwe okhawo odziwa ntchito okha ndi omwe amaloledwa. Kukongola kosangalatsa kwa mapanga am'madzi akuya kwawoku kumayala ndi ma stalactites, maliro oyipa opangidwa ndi mafunde, magulu azamba a nanny omwe asankha malo ozungulira Big Blue Hole amapangitsa kukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri kwa owona mtima.

Mbiri ya geological ya Big Blue Hole

Belize Barrier Reef imakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo 900 a Mesoamerican Barrier Reef - wachiwiri kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa Australia. Kumagawo ake akum'mawa, ma atoll atatu ali ndi mkati mozama kwambiri. Pakati pa amodzi mwa iwo, Llightouse Reef, kuli Big Blue Hole - malo ake amdima amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa modabwitsa ndi madzi odabwitsa ozungulira.

M'nyengo yamadzi oundana omaliza, mafunde a nyanja anali otsika, ndipo pansi ndi makhoma a zomangira zamasiku ano zinali mbali ya mapanga amiyala apadziko lapansi. Madzi oundana atasungunuka, gawo ili la atoll linalowa pansi pamadzi, limatenthedwe lamchenga, ndipo silinathe, ndikupanga funde lakuya 124-125 m. Izi zodabwitsa ndizofanana ndi gombe la Belize, koma Big Blue Hole ndiyopadera. Malinga ndi asayansi, kusintha kwa makoma ndi pansi kumapitilizabe, ndipo kuya kwa chimbudzi kudzachepa.

Kupeza ndikufufuza kwa Big Blue Hole

Anatchuka ndi chimphona chachikulu cha masewera a karst Jacores-Yves Cousteau, yemwe mu 1972 anachita kafukufuku wake apa. Mfalansa wodziwika uja adatsimikizira m'mimba mwake - 318 metres, komanso kwa nthawi yoyamba adatha kutcha kuya kwa Big Blue Hole, akumatenga muyeso mu sitima yake "Calypso". M'malo a Kusto, malo oyendetsera masewera a karst okhala ndi mapanga pansi pamadzi ndi amodzi mwa malo khumi okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pansi, pomwe ofufuzawo adakumana ndi ma boti amodzi okhaokha, ma stalactites adapezeka omwe akuwonetsa kulunjika kwa kukameta ubweya. Cousteau ndi omwe adagwirizana naye adatsimikiza kuti panali magawo anayi pakuwonongeka kwa mapanga - izi zitha kuwoneka kuchokera kumphepete mwa kuya kwa 21, 49 ndi 91 m.

Wophunziridwa ndi gulu la Cousteau Depression mu 1988, Ned Middleton adadzipatsa dzina lalikulu m'buku lake, Ten Ten Underwater. Pambuyo pake adalemba maupangiri a anthu osiyanasiyana ku Belize, akumaganizira za Big Blue Hole monga chinthu chachikulu chokopa cha Barrier Reef.

Kusambira

Ochita masewera ochokera konsekonse mdziko lapansi amabwera ku Belize kudzalowa m'madzi - awa ndi omwe amapita kukaona dziko laling'onoli. Anthu opitilira 100,000 amaloledwa kusambira chaka chilichonse, koma si onse omwe ali okonzeka kukumana ndi zovuta za Big Blue Hole. Mbiri ya ma diver iyenera kukhala ndi mayendedwe osachepera 24 kwa omwe akuyendetsa ntchito yakomweko kuti akonzekere ulendo. Ndizosatheka kutengaulendo nokha - osiyanasiyana amayenera kutsagana ndi owongolera omwe amadziwa momwe angapangire nthawi yoyenda ndi mafunde pomwe ma whirlpools amapangidwa omwe sangatenge munthu yekha, komanso chotengera chaching'ono. Pamafunde otsika sizikhala zovulanso: dzenje la buluu limatulutsa, kulavulira zinyalala zomwe adalanda kale.

Madzi apansi pamadzi a Big Blue Hole

Akatswiri amachenjeza kuti ndibwino kuti okonda madzi oyera ndi gulu la nsomba zokongola azithamangira m'mbuyo kuti akasankhe madera ena a Llightouse Reef posambira. Omwe akukhala ku Big Blue Hole ndi magulu akuluakulu omwe amapita kutalika kwa 2.7 m, shaki za nanny ndi shaki zam'matanthwe, mwamavuto amatha kuvulaza munthu, koma popanda kumuwopseza, ndi kuchuluka kwanyengo mungapezenso nsomba nyundo. Mukamayenda, anthu am'madzi amachoka, ndipo pakuya matako pafupifupi 45 m ndikuwala komwe kumayamba.

Zambiri za alendo

Kutentha kwamadzi pagombe la Belize kumakhala kosangalatsa chaka chonse: M'chilimwe kumakhala kozungulira +26 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - madigiri angapo kutsika. Mu Big Blue Hole, mwachidziwikire, zizindikirozo ndizosiyana - malinga ndi kuya kwake, amafunikira mawonekedwewa kuti akhale zida zoyenera ndi zovala zamasewera. Mtengo wowombera umadalira kapangidwe ka gululi ndi zoyendera zomwe agwira. Pafupifupi, zimawononga $ 250. Awo omwe salowerera kwambiri m'mayendedwe amatha kusangalala ndi dzenje mlengalenga mwa kulemba ganyu ya injini yamagetsi pafupifupi $ 600 pamunthu. Ulendo wonsewu sudzatha ola limodzi.

Kukhazikika

Ambergris Cay ndi chilumba chomwe chili ndi nyanja komanso chithaphwi cha mitengo pakati pa mitengo. Ambiri opanga ma hotelo amakhala m'mahotela ake, kotero zonse zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zosavuta: pali mabungwe oyendayenda omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maulendo atali m'misika ndi masitolo okhala ndi zida zapadera paliponse. Palibe zokondweretsa zapadera pachilumbachi, magombe abwino okha, mahotela apamwamba ndi malo odyera. Wodziwika bwino ndi alendo ndi Ocean Tide Beach Resort ali ndi malingaliro am'matanthwewo, omwe amawononga ndalama pafupifupi ma ruble 6 pa usiku, pomwe hotelo ya Corona del Mar yotsika mtengo imakhala ndi ma ruble 1000. zotsika mtengo. Kubwereka villa kumawononga ma ruble 30,000 patsiku. Ma hostels otsika mtengo kuyambira 2000 rub. Usiku uliwonse pafupi ndi pakati pa San Pedro, kunja kwa chilumba cha Ambergris Cay.

Momwe mungakafikire

Alendo ochokera kumayiko ena amafika mdzikoli kudzera pa eyapoti ya Belize, yomwe amalandila pafupipafupi kuchokera ku Canada, United States ndi mayiko oyandikana ndi Central America. Kuchoka pamenepo, alendo amapita kumzinda wa San Pedro, womwe umayenda mtunda wa theka la ola limodzi. Boti limafuna pafupifupi $ 40. Kuchokera apa, kuchokera pachilumba cha Ambergris Cay, anthu angapo amatengeredwa kupita ku Big Blue Hole ndi boti kapena ma boti. San Pedro ili ndi eyapoti yake, koma imalandira maulendo apandege ndi ma chart kuchokera ku North ndi South America ndi Western Europe.

Kodi zinatheka bwanji?

Bowo lalikulu la buluu ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Nthawi zingapo, munyengo yamadzi oundana, nyanja zamchere padziko lapansi zinali zochepa kwambiri. Ndipo zinali apa kuti panali dongosolo lamapanga amiyala amiyala, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasowa pansi pamadzi pomwe madzi oundana asinthana. Mothandizidwa ndi madzi, khoma la phangalo lidagwa ndipo khola lanyumba - lomwe tili nalo lero.

Big Blue Hole ku Belize

Monga zochitika zapadera zachilengedwe, Big Blue Hole imakhala ndi "yakunja" komwe idachokera. Anthu ena am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti ntchito yolumikizira madziyi inali ntchito yopanga zinthu zakunja zomwe zimapanga chombo chosangalatsa chosungira chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Sizikudziwika pokhapokha zomwe iwo amayenera kusunga mmenemo - palibe yankho la funso ili. Mtunduwu udawonekera chifukwa chamakoma osalala a Blue Hole, anthu sakanakhulupirira kuti chilengedwe chimatha kugwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri.

Big Blue Hole ku Belize

Big Blue Hole idadziwika kwambiri m'ma 1970 chifukwa cha wofufuza wotchuka wina dzina lake Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Ataphunzira makhoma ake ndi pansi, ndikuzama kuya, adakhazikitsa chiyambi chake. Pansi pa Big Hole, ma stalactites akuluakulu ndi stalagmites adapezeka, ena mwa iwo sanakule mwachindunji, koma pamakona ena, omwe adawonetsa kusunthika komanso kukhudzidwa kwa phirilo. Komanso paulendo wamadzi wapansi pamadzi, mitundu ya miyala ya miyala ya karst inapezeka yomwe inali yosiyanasiyana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Big Hole sinakhazikike mwachangu, madzi am'nyanja adasefukira m'mapanga pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Kumizidwa m'madzi

Blue Hole ndi malo abwino obisalirako ndipo ndi amodzi mwa malo khumi abwino osambira. Atalowa m'ngaliramo, anthu odziwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana amatha kuwona ndi matako osefukira.

Big Blue Hole ku Belize

Nthawi yomweyo, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikwiriridwa mpaka akuzama kupitirira 30 metres, chifukwa mu labritinth yosavuta ndizosavuta kutayika. Malowa amatchedwanso "manda osiyanasiyana", Popeza mafupa atatu adapezeka pano, ambiri omwe sanapambane omwe anali otayika m'mapanga otchingidwa. Izi zitha kuthandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa silt pansi, pomwe, pamene phokosoli lisunthira, limadzuka ndikupangitsa madzi kukhala mitambo. Ndipo mpweya mu ma cylinders ndi wocheperako, mwina ungakhale wosakwanira kupeza malo oyenera m'madzi amatope ndi kukhala ndi nthawi yokwira pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kulumphira pansi mwakuya popanda wophunzitsa waluso ndi zida zapadera kumakhala kowopsa.

Big Blue Hole ku Belize

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti muwone zinyama zodabwitsa, kuyenda m'madzi mwakuya sikofunikira konse. Pakakhala mpweya wambiri, mumakhala mpweya wocheperako ndipo palibe zolengedwa zomwe zimapezeka kumeneko, kukongola konse kuli pansi. Ku Blue Hole, mumapezeka nsomba zokongola kwambiri, nkhanu, ma coral, ndi akamba am'nyanja.

Big Blue Hole ku Belize