M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala chofewa, ndipo nthawi yotentha chimakhala chosalala, champhamvu pang'ono kuposa kuchokera pansi. Mtunduwu umatchedwa dzina mchira, kumtunda kwake ndi bulauni ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ndiyoyera. Pothawa, nguluweyi imakweza mchira wake, ndikuwadziwitsa achibale za ngozi. Amuna okha ndi omwe amavala nyanga. Nyengo ikamatha, imaponya nyanga zake, ndipo zatsopano zimayamba kupanga m'malo mwake. Nyanga zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a crescent, convex patsogolo ndi mbali. Iliyonse mwa nyanga zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Kukula kwa ngwazi yoyera-yoyera kumasiyana malinga ndi subspecies. Zinyama zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa United States, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 1,0-1.1 m, ndipo kulemera kwamphongo kumayambira 100 mpaka 150 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso opepuka. Mukamayenda kum'mwera, subspecies imakhala yaying'ono. Pazilumba za Florida Keys, mbawala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera zimakhala ndi masentimita 60 kufota ndi kulemera kwa 35 makilogalamu, zomwe ndi chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa chilumbachi. Zaka zomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka khumi.

ZONSE ZABWINO

Thumba loyera-loyera ndi loyera. Amakhala wopanda chakudya. Mu nthawi yamasika komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe, nyalugwe amadya udzu, mphukira zazing'ono zobiriwira, maluwa a zitsamba zobiriwira, zitsamba ndi mitengo, nthawi zina amalowa m'minda ndikudya tirigu wolimidwa. Mukugwa, amathandizira chakudya chake ndi mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso. M'nyengo yozizira, agulu amasintha kuti azidyetsa panthambi. Nyama kumpoto kwa mtunduwu zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakusaka zakudya kuposa zomwe zimalandira. Kufufuza momwe zimakhalira ngati nguluwe, zidazindikira kuti nthawi yozizira nyama izi zimapanga njira yapadera yodyera: ngati kuli koyenera, zimachepetsa kudya kuti zisawononge mphamvu yamtengo wapatali kuti zifunike.

Kufalitsa

Tsitsi loyera-loyera ndilofala kuyambira kumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Peru ndi kumpoto kwa Brazil. Ndi yamtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri wamtundu wa agwape, kusintha malo osiyanasiyana. Nyama zamtunduwu zimapezeka ku nkhalango zazikulu za New England komanso kumtunda, m'madambo a Everglades, kumapeto kwa Mexico ndi Arizona. Ku South America, imakhala m'nkhalango za tugai, ma shrub savannas, ndi malo otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa Andes, koma kulibe m'nkhalango zamvula. Ku Central ndi South America, ngwazi zokhala ndi tsitsi loyera zimapezeka, monga lamulo, kawirikawiri kuposa kumpoto kwa North.

Tsitsi loyera-loyera linayambitsidwa kumadera ena padziko lapansi. Mu 1950s, adabwera ku Finland, kuchokera komwe adadzifalikira pawokha kupita kumayiko ena a Scandinavia. Czech Republic ilinso ndi anthu oyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, agwape okhala ndi tsitsi loyera ndi amodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya agwape omwe adayambitsidwa ku New Zealand kukasaka.

Kufalitsa

Tsitsi loyera-lokhala pakati, lomwe limakhala m'matayala apakati, limagwirizana ndi kugwa. Pakumala, zochita za amuna zimasintha; samadya kapena kugona. Pakati pawo kumenyedwa koopsa. Nthawi zambiri amuna, nyanga zolimba, zimafa. Pamapeto pake, amuna amasiya akazi. Pambuyo pa kutenga pakati pa masiku a 196-210, nguluwe imabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena awiri ophimbidwa ndi mawanga oyera. Zoyambira zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi imodzi, ndipo okalamba amakhala ndi ziwiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ana atatu. M'bandakucha, patapita nthawi atabadwa, amayimirira kale ndikuthamanga, komabe, amakhala sabata yoyamba ya moyo wake m'malo otetezeka m'nkhalango zowirira. Pobisala ngongole amawonekera pokhapokha amayi ake akamamuyimbira. Akazi achichepere amakhala okhwima mu chaka choyamba cha moyo. Amuna ambiri amakula pambuyo pake, chifukwa chake amakula koyamba ali ndi zaka zinayi.

Khalidwe

Tsitsi loyera-loyera nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhalokha kuposa gulu. Komabe, kunja kwa nyengo yakukhwima, zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimapanga magulu osalimba nthawi ndi nthawi. Pokwatirana, amuna amapeza akazi amtundu uliwonse, mosiyana ndi wapiti, osayesa kukhala eni ake. Pakadutsa masiku 200, zazikazi zimabereka mwana mmodzi kapena awiri, nthawi zina atatu, ana. Monga mitundu yambiri, tsitsi la ana amiyala yoyera pambuyo pobadwa limakhala ndi mawanga oyera.

Tsamba loyera-loyera limadya masamba, zitsamba, masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso zina zamtchire, komanso makungwa a mitengo. Ali ndi adani ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa anthu, ndi mimbulu, mitengo ya mimbulu, zimbalangondo ndi mikango, ku South America kumakhalanso nkhwangwa.

LIFESTYLE

Kwa mioyo yawo yambiri, agaluwa amawasungidwa amodzi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga amodzi kapena awiri achikazi ndi ana awo kapena, akakhala amuna, anthu asanu ndi mmodzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ngwazi zoyera zimasonkhana m'gulu la ziweto 50, chifukwa nkosavuta kwa gulu lalikulu kupirira chisanu ndikuthawa adani.

Panthawi yocheperako chakudya cham'mera, abulu amphongo amayesetsa kuteteza gawo lake kuti lisafike alendo omwe sanaitanidwe. Tsitsi loyera-loyera limachita manyazi komanso limachita zinthu mosamala kwambiri. Maso ake, kumva bwino komanso kununkhira kumamupulumutsa kwa adani ake. Ngati mbawala ikamadya, masamba akuluakulu amachepetsa gawo la masomphenya ake, chifukwa chake, kuti asawonongeke, nthawi zambiri amakweza mutu ndikuyang'ana mozungulira. Pangozi pang'ono, chimbalangondo choyera chija chimatulutsa khosi, chimawombera mpweya ndikuwongolera makutu ake komwe kumveka phokoso lokayikitsa, kununkhira kapena kusuntha.

Zowopsa ndi chitetezo

Asanafike azungu ku North America, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, pafupifupi 40 miliyoni mamayendedwe oyera Amwenye adazisaka, zomwe, komabe, sizinakhudze kuchuluka kwa anthu. Achikoloni adayamba kusaka agwape chifukwa zikopa zawo, komanso chifukwa chongosangalatsa. Mpaka 1900, kuchuluka kwa ngwazi zoyera-kotsika kunatsika kwambiri, mpaka kunangofika anthu 500,000 okha. Kuyambira pamenepo, ziletso za kusaka zadzetsa kusintha kwakukulu, koma zinthu zikadali zosiyana kwambiri kutengera dera. M'madera ena, mwachitsanzo, moyandikana ndi Great Lakes, agwape okhala ndi tsitsi loyera amapezeka nthawi zambiri ngati kale. Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu iyi ku United States ndi pafupifupi 14 miliyoni.

Ma subspecies ena amatengedwa kuti amwalira ndipo ali pa Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN. Izi zikuphatikiza

• Reef Deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium), wokhala ku Florida Keys Islands. Uwu ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a agwape atayera-oyera. Chifukwa chosaka kwambiri mu 1945, anthu 26 okha ndi omwe adatsala. Njira zazikulu zotetezera nyama izi zathandiza kuti ziwonjezeke mpaka 300 anthu masiku ano, koma kukopa kowonjezereka pazilumbazi kumabweretsa nkhawa. Pafupifupi nyama zonse zam'madzi zimakhala pachilumba cha No Name Key ndi Big Pine Key. Nthawi zina mbawala zimatha kusambira kuzilumba zoyandikana, koma kusowa kwa madzi akumwa kumapangitsa kuti zibwerere. IUCN imawunikira ma subspecies awa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Colourian White-Taed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus), yotchedwa Columbia River m'maiko a Washington ndi Oregon. Chiwerengero chake chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala anthu chinagwera anthu 400. Masiku ano pali anthu 3,000 a nyamazi, ndichifukwa chake US Fish and Wildlife Service adaganiza mu 2003 kuti achotse chodetsa choyera cha Colombian pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikuwopsezedwa. Ku IUCN, ma subspecies awa amawerengedwa kuti ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri.

DZIWANI IZI: MUKUDZIWA KUTI.

• Tsitsi loyera-loyera linakhazikitsidwa ku Czech Republic, New Zealand ndi Finland, komwe limakondweretsedwa bwino.
• Adani akuluakulu a agwape ndi amphaka. Anthu amamusaka kuti azichita nawo masewera. Posachedwa, komabe, kusaka nyama zamtchire kumawongoleredwa mosamalitsa. Deer amapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya chonse cha puma.
• Thunthu la cholengedwa cha mbawala chimatha kukhala ndi njira 14.

ZINSINSI ZOCHULUKA KWA WHERE-TAIL DEER. KULAMBIRA

Nyanga: thunthu lalikulu limapindika ndipo limatha kukhala ndi njira zambiri. Nyanga ndi zazikulu, nthambi. M'nyengo yozizira, agwada amawagwera. Nyanga zatsopano zimamera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukhwima.

Mchira Woyera: Pakakhala ngozi, mbawala yoyera-yoyera imathawa ikudumphadumpha, pomwe mchira umagwira ngati mbendera yoyera, ukuigwirizira. Mchira ndiwowongolera gulu lonse la ng'ombe.

Deer: yaying'ono kuposa yamphongo. Ilibe nyanga.

Ng'ombe: tsitsi lowoneka limapangitsa kuti lisawonekere pakati pamizimba yowongoka.

- Chovala Chachideru Cha White

ZITI

Kumpoto, Central ndi South America, kuchokera ku Central Canada kupita ku Bolivia ndi Central Brazil. Zidayambitsidwa ku New Zealand ndi mayiko ena aku Europe.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Mbawala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera ndizomwe zimakhala mitundu yambiri ya agulu aku America. Kuusaka kuli m'manja mwamphamvu. Komabe, mitundu ingapo yazovala zoyera-zauve zija zikuwopsezedwerabe.

Mawonekedwe

Kutengera madera okhala, kukula kwa ngwazi zoyera-kosiyanasiyana kumasiyana - madera akumpoto, anthu ndiakulirapo. Artiodactyls omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa USA ndi Canada amalemera kilogalamu 60-130, amuna ena amatha kulemera ma kilogalamu 155, ndipo akazi - 90 kilogalamu. Deer okhala kumwera ndi ochepa, kulemera kwawo sikudutsa 35-50 kilogalamu. Kulemera kwamphongo zazimuna, mosasamala kanthu komwe akukhala, ndi ma kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kulemera kwa akazi ndi ma kilogalamu 45. Kutalika kwapakati pa kufota kwa ngwazi zoyera-bwino ndi masentimita 55-120, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira ndi masentimita 95-220, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira pakokha ndi 10 cm.

Awiri-agulu loyera-loyera.

Khungu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi yophukira imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi yophukira - imvi, pomwe kumtunda kwa thupi kukongola ndi pang'ono pang'ono, poyerekeza ndi kumunsi. Mchirawo ndi wa bulauni pamtunda komanso woyera pansipa, akuthamanga, nguluwe imakweza mchira wake kumtunda, komwe ndi chizindikiro kwa abale pachiwopsezo. Nyanga zimangokhala zazimuna zokha, koma zimaziponya pachaka kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kuswana, pambuyo pake mitundu yatsopano imayamba kukhala m'malo mwake. Nyanga za nthenga zoyera-zaubweya zimayala - ndi njira.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nyengo isanayambike, abambo ndi akazi amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amuna pa nthawi ya chibwenzi samapanga ana aakazi, koma samalani ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha.

Zikazi zazikazi zokhala ndi mbewa yoyera ndi ng'ombe.

Mimba pazovala zazimayi zoyera zimakhala miyezi 7, ndipo kubereka kumachitika mu Meyi-June. Yaikazi imabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena atatu. Masabata angapo oyamba, ana amakhala m'malo obzala udzu wakuda, khungu lawo lokhala ndi mawanga oyera limathandizira kubisala. Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa milungu 10. Pofika nthawi yozizira, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kukula mpaka 20-25 kilogalamu. Amphongo amasiya amayi awo pa fungo loyamba la moyo, ndipo akazi pa chachiwiri. Kutha mu ngulu zoyera-kumakhalapo zaka 1.5, ndipo amakhala pafupifupi zaka 10-12.

27.05.2019

Kalulu wodziyera loyera (Lat. Odocoileus virginianus) ndi wa banja la Deer (Cervidae) ndipo ndiye woimira kwawo kambiri ku North America. Kumaiko akumadzulo a USA, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi ngwazi zakuda (Odocoileus hemionus). Kuyandikira kwa mitundu iwiri yolumikizana nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ana azowoneka ngati okhazikika.

Akoloni asanafike ku America ku America, chiwerengerochi chinafikira anthu 40 miliyoni. Pakutha kwa zaka za XIX, zidatsika ndi 80 nthawi. Chifukwa cha njira zomwe zinatengedwa, zinali zotheka kuyimitsanso kuchepa kwake. Tsopano chiwerengerochi chadutsa mitu 14 miliyoni, kotero palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kupitilizabe kwa ma artiodactyls awa.

Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1780 ndi katswiri wazowona zachilengedwe waku Germany, Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann.

Adani

Adani a agwape okhala ndi tsitsi loyera sakhala anthu okha, komanso mimbulu, mbewa, mbewa, zimbalangondo. Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata amafa kuchokera ku zilombo, chifukwa nthumwi zachikulire sizingothawa kuthawa zokha, komanso zimapereka kukana ngati kuli kofunikira. Zochita zachiwawa zamunthu zimapangitsanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zokhala ndi zoyera, ndicho chifukwa chowonongera malo achilengedwe a artiodactyls.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kubalana komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo

Kuchokera nthawi yakubala, amuna ndi akazi amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Munthawi yakubereka, abambo samayesera kupanga zoweta. Amayang'anira akazi pawokha. Kubadwa kumachitika m'mwezi wa Meyi ndi June pambuyo pa kubereka, komwe kumatenga miyezi 7. Kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 amphongo amabadwa. Masabata anayi oyambilira, makanda amabisalira zamasamba. Khungu lawo limakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera.

Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga milungu 10. Pofika nthawi yachisanu, achinyamata amakula kale 20-25 makilogalamu. Amuna amasiya amayi chaka chimodzi pambuyo pobadwa, ndipo akazi pambuyo zaka ziwiri. Nyama zimakhwima pazaka imodzi ndi theka. Mbawala zoyera-zokhala kutchire zimakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 10-12.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Deer-Tail Deer

Tsitsi loyera ndi amodzi mwa zolengedwa zoyamwa kwambiri ku North America. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe nyanjazi zakhalapobe kwanthawi yayitali ndi chifukwa chosinthika. Madzi oundana atayamba, zamoyo zambiri sizimatha kupirira zinthu zisintha mwachangu, koma ngwazi zoyera-bwino zidakula.

Mtunduwu umasinthasintha; mawonekedwe monga:

• minofu yolimba yamiyendo
• nyanga zazikulu
• Zizindikiro zochenjeza
• ubweya wosintha utoto.

Mbawala zoyera-zoyera zimadziwika kuti zimagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zake pazinthu zambiri, monga kumenya ndi kulemba chizindikiro mdera lawo. Pazaka 3.5 miliyoni zapitazo, nyanga za agalu oyera-oyera asintha kwambiri chifukwa chakufuna kukhala ndi zazikulu zokulirapo. Popeza nyanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera nkhondo, lamulo lambiri ndikuti momwe zilili, zimakhala bwino.

Kalulu ka whitetail ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri zopanda nyama padziko lapansi ku North America. Mtunduwu ndi wazaka pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni. Chifukwa cha zaka, makolo a agwape ndi ovuta kudziwa. Choyamwa chokhala ndi tchire loyera chinapezedwa chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Odocoileus brachyodontus, kupatula kusiyanasiyana pang'ono. Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mitundu yakale ya elk pamlingo wa DNA.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zitsamba, udzu, mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo, chimanga, zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso. Bowa amadyedwa pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, ngwazi zoyera-zokhala kumpoto kwa magawo zimakhutira ndi khungwa la mitengo, moss ndi lichens.

Imatha kudya masamba a poyizoni a ivy (Toxicodendron diversilobum), omwe ma artiodactyl ambiri opepuka amawapewa. Monga nyama zamasamba, agwape okhala ndi tsitsi loyera nthawi zina amadya makoswe tating'ono ndi anapiye a mbalame zamtchire.

Kudyetsa kumachitika madzulo ndi m'mawa. Nthawi zambiri nyama zingapo zimadya nthawi imodzi.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 160-200 cm, ndipo mchira 15-30 cm.Ilemera 60-130 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako komanso opepuka kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa ngulu wapa chilumba cha Florida ndi 20-34 kg. Nyama zikuluzikulu zimagawidwa kumpoto kwa mtunduwo.

Mtundu wa ubweya umakhala ndi kusiyana kwa nyengo ndi nyengo. Olamulidwa ndi imvi, tan kapena ofiira okhala ndi maziko. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya umakhala wopepuka pang'ono.

Mbali yapamwamba ya khosi, pakhosi, m'mimba, mbali yamkati yamakutu ndi miyendo ndi utoto woyera. "Galasi" loyera limapezeka mchira.

Amuna amakula nyanga zatsopano chaka chilichonse, zomwe amazitaya kumapeto kwa rut. Akazi alibe nyanga.

Zaka zokhalira ndi moyo wa Namwali wonyamula zitsulo ndi zaka 10-12.

Kodi ngwazi-yoyera imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Deer White-Tailing American

Mbawala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera zimapezeka ku Midwest North North. Zimbalangazi zimatha kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse, koma zimakonda malo okhala kumapiri okhala ndi nkhalango zowuma. Mbawala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera ziyenera kukhala ndi malo otseguka omwe azunguliridwa ndi mitengo kapena udzu wautali kuti azitetezere kwa nyama zomwe zimadyera ndikufufuza zakudya.

Ogwira ntchito zambiri okhala ku United States amakhala m'malo monga:

Tsitsi loyera loyera limasinthasintha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwachilengedwe.Amatha kukhala m'malo opezeka matabwa okhwima, komanso m'malo okhala ndi malo otseguka. Pazifukwa izi, amapezeka m'malo ambiri ku North America.

Zoyala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera ndizomwe zimatha kusinthasintha ndipo zimapulumuka bwino m'malo okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Palibe mtundu wofananira wamalo abwino kwa mbawala, itha kukhala mitengo yolimba kapena yolima paini. Mwachidule, agulu amafunikira chakudya, madzi ndi malo m'njira yoyenera. Zofunikira zokhudzana ndi moyo ndi thanzi kusintha kwa chaka chonse, kotero malo abwino ali ndi zochuluka zokwanira pazaka zonse.

Kodi ngwazi yodetsedwa-yoyera imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Woyenga-wopanda ubweya ku Russia

Pafupifupi, abakha amadya 1 mpaka 3 makilogalamu a chakudya patsiku 50k iliyonse ya thupi. Kalulu wapakatikati amadya zoposa toni wazakudya pachaka. Deer ndizoyala ndipo, monga ng'ombe, zimakhala ndimimba yachipinda chambiri. Mwachilengedwe, agalu amasankha kwambiri. Milomo yawo ndi yayitali ndipo cholinga chake ndi kusankha zakudya zinazake.

Zakudya za agwape zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana komwe amakhala. Nyama izi zimadya masamba, nthambi, zipatso ndi mphukira za mitengo yosiyanasiyana, zitsamba ndi mipesa. Deer amadyanso udzu wambiri, zitsamba, minda yamaulimi, ndi mitundu ingapo ya bowa.

Mosiyana ndi ng'ombe, agulu samadya zakudya zingapo zochepa. Tsitsi loyera-loyera limatha kudya mitundu yonse yazomera zomwe zimapezeka m'malo awo. Inde, kuchulukitsa kwamasamba ndikamayambitsa kusowa kwa chakudya, amatha kudya zakudya zamitundu mitundu zomwe sizili m'gulu lazakudya zawo.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Woyala-wopanda tchire m'nkhalango

Magulu a agwape oyera okhala ndi matendawa agawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo mabanja, abulu ndi ana ake ang'ono, ndi magulu amuna. Gulu la banja likhala limodzi kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Magulu azimuna amakhala ndi gulu lotsogola kuyambira anthu atatu mpaka asanu.

M'nyengo yozizira, magulu awiri agaluwa amatha kubwera palimodzi, kupanga magulu a anthu pafupifupi 150. Kuyanjana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mayendedwe azikhala otseguka komanso abwino kupezeka chakudya, komanso amatiteteza kwa adani. Chifukwa chodyetsa anthu, mawebusayitiwa amatha kuyambitsa kuchulukana kopanda zachilengedwe, komwe kumakopa nyama zomwe zimadya nyama, kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha kufalitsa matenda, kuchulukitsa ziwopsezo mdera, zimayambitsa kudya kwambiri zamasamba komanso kugunda kambiri.

Tsitsi loyera-loyera limatha kusambira, kuthamanga ndi kudumpha bwino kwambiri. Khungu la m'nyengo yozizira limakhala ndi tsitsi lopanda tanthauzo, mtunda pakati pake womwe umadzazidwa ndi mpweya. Chifukwa cha nyamayi, imakhala yovuta kumira, ngakhale itatopa. Tsitsi loyera-loyera limatha kuthamanga mothamanga mpaka 58 km pa ola limodzi, ngakhale nthawi zambiri limapita kumalo osungirako pafupi ndipo silimayenda mtunda wautali. Khwangwala amathanso kudumpha mamita 2,5 kutalika ndi 9 mita kutalika.

Ngati nthenga yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera ikachita mantha, imatha kuthyola ziboda zake ndikuyamba kugonjera chenjezo lina. Nyamayo imathanso “kuyang'anira” gawo kapena kukweza mchira wake, kuwonetsa oyera ake pansi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Deer Cub-White

Magulu azikhalidwe zangodya zoyera kunja kwa nthawi yobereketsa zimadalirana magulu awiri akuluakulu: matriarchal and male. Magulu a matriarchal amakhala ndi akazi, amayi, ndi ana achikazi. Magulu aamuna ndi magulu aulere omwe amakhala ndi agulu achikulire.

Kafukufuku alembedwa kuyambira pa Thanksgiving mpaka pakati pa Disembala, koyambirira kwa Januware, komanso ngakhale mwezi wa February. Mwa malo ambiri okhala, nthawi yayitali ya msuzi imakhala pakati pa kumapeto kwa Januware. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna okhala ndi tsitsi loyera amasintha kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni. Akuluakulu okalamba amakhala ankhanza kwambiri komanso osalekerera amuna anzawo.

Munthawi imeneyi, anyani amakalembetsa ndikuteteza magawo, ndikupanga otchulidwa ambiri m'malo omwe amakhala. Pa nthawi yakubereka, yamphongo imatha kukwatiwa ndi wamkazi kangapo.

Pamene kubadwa kukuyandikira, mayi wapakati amakhala wosungulumwa ndipo amateteza gawo lake ku nthenga zina. Amphongo amabadwa pafupifupi masiku 200 atatenga pathupi. Ku North America, agalu ambiri amabadwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Kuchulukitsa kwa ana kumatengera msinkhu komanso mkhalidwe wa mkazi. Monga lamulo, wamkazi wa chaka chimodzi ali ndi nguluzi, komabe mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri.

Ziweto za Reindeer m'malo okhala osauka, omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, zitha kuwonetsa kupulumuka mwa ana. Pakupita masiku ochepa mwana akangobadwa, nthawi zambiri wamkazi samachoka mtunda wopitilira mita 100 kuchokera pa ana ake. Ana aamuna amayamba kutsagana ndi amayi awo ali ndi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.

Adani achilengedwe a ngwazi yoyera-yoyera

Chithunzi: Deer-Tail Deer

Mbawala zoyera-zamisala zimakhala m'malo a nkhalango. M'malo ena kuchulukitsa kwambirimbiri kumakhala vuto. Akalulu amphaka ndi mikango yamapiri anali zilombo zomwe zinkathandiza kuti anthu azilamulidwa, koma chifukwa cha kusaka ndi chitukuko cha anthu m'malo ambiri aku North America kulibe mimbulu yambiri komanso mikango yamapiri.

Mbawala zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera nthawi zina zimakhala zokolola za ma coyotes, koma anthu ndi agalu tsopano ndiwo adani akuluakulu amtunduwu. Popeza kulibe zilombo zachilengedwe zochuluka chonchi, nthawi zambiri mbawala zimakhala zochulukirapo kuposa chilengedwe, chifukwa choti mbawala zimatha kufa ndi njala. M'madera akumidzi, asaka amathandizira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, koma m'matawuni ndi m'matauni, kusaka nthawi zambiri sikuloledwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kukupitilirabe. Kupulumuka kwabwino sikutanthauza kuti ngwazizi sizingawonongeke.

Ziwopsezo zokhala ndi mbewa zoyera-zokhala ndi vuto (kupatula ena omwe amadyera zachilengedwe) zimaphatikizapo:

• kuba,
• ngozi zagalimoto,
• matenda.

Akasaka ambiri amadziwa kuti agwape ali ndi vuto loona kwambiri. Mbawala yoyera-yoyera imakhala ndi masomphenya achizungu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amangowona mitundu iwiri yokha. Chifukwa cha kusawona bwino, ngwazi yokhala ndi tulo yoyera idayamba kununkhira mwamphamvu kuti iwone adani ake.

Catarrhal fever (“Blue Tankue”) ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ambiri agwape. Matendawa amatumizidwa ndi ntchentche ndipo amachititsa kutulutsa lilime, komanso zimamupangitsa kuti alephere kuwongolera miyendo yake. Anthu ambiri amafa pasanathe sabata. Kupanda kutero, kuchira kumatha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Matendawa amakhudzanso mitundu yambiri ya zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Zinyama zoyera-wopanda thukuta

Deer anali osowa m'maiko ambiri a North America mpaka zaka zaposachedwa. Akuti kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, ndi agalu pafupifupi 2000 okha omwe adakhalapo ku Alabama kokha. Pambuyo pa kuyesayesa kwazaka zambiri kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa agalu ku Alabama mu 2000 akuyerekezedwa ndi nyama 1.75 miliyoni.

M'malo mwake, madera ambiri kumpoto kwa America ali ndi nguluwe zambiri. Zotsatira zake, mbewu zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa agwape ndi kuwombana kwamagalimoto kumakulira. Zambiri zakale, ku North America, mitundu yapadera yogulitsa zoyera-inali Victoria (O. v. Virginianus). Pambuyo pa kufafaniza kwathunthu kwazoyera-zoyera m'maboma a Midwest koyambirira kwa 1900s, Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe Yoteteza chilengedwe, pamodzi ndi anthu ena pawokha komanso magulu, adayamba kuvutika kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa agwape mu 1930s.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, malamulo olamulira kusaka analengedwa adakhazikitsidwa, koma kwenikweni sanali olemekezeka. Podzafika mu 1925, kuchuluka kwa agalu ku Missouri anali anthu 400 okha. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti Missouri State Nyumba Yamalamulo iyimitse kusaka nyama zonse komanso kutsatira malamulo oteteza ndi kubwezeretsa anthu.

Dipatimenti Yosamalira Zoyesayesa yakonza njira zosamutsira ku Missouri kuchokera ku Michigan, Wisconsin ndi Minnesota kuti athandizire kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa nyama. Oteteza adayamba kutsatira malamulo omwe amathandizira kuti asazembe. Podzafika mu 1944, kuchuluka kwa agalu kunakwera mpaka 15,000.

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa agalu ku Missouri kokha ndi anthu 1.4 miliyoni, ndipo osaka chaka chilichonse amatulutsa nyama pafupifupi 300,000. Oyang'anira reindeer aku Missouri akuyesera kukhazikitsa bata pamlingo womwe ungathe kuchita zachilengedwe.

Tsitsi loyera - nyama yabwino komanso yokongola yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamtchire. Kuti zitsimikizike kukhala ndi thanzi m'nkhalangozi, ziweto zachitsamba ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi malo okhala. Kusamala mwachilengedwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira nyama zamtchire.