Oxtails ali m'gulu la agulu lakale la Hymenoptera. Amakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lopindika kumbuyo, mwa akazi omwe ali ndi ovipositor wautali, nthawi zina. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, milomo ya mano ikukuta, kukonzedwa bwino. Chifuwa ndi cylindrical, nthawi zambiri chimalimba kuchokera kumtunda. Mapikowo ndi ophatikizika, nthawi zambiri amawonekera, pang'ono pang'ono chikaso, nthawi zina mumdima kumunsi, kumapeto kapena m'mphepete mwa mapiko, osadetsedwa pang'ono ndi ndege yonse, ndimtambo wamtambo wa buluu. Miyendo ikuyenda, yovunda kwambiri, itanyamula mano, yotupa ndi zibwano. Masamba nthawi zonse amakhala m'magulu asanu. M'mimba mwakhala, gawo loyamba limalumikizidwa ndi chifuwa paliponse lapa ndege la mtanda. Gawo lakhumi lachepetsedwa, ndipo lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi lachisanu ndi chiwiri limapanga nsanja ndi makola a ovipositor.

Mazira ndi oyera chowulungika -okhala ndi chipolopolo chowoneka bwino. Ziphuphu ndi zoyera ndi tint chikasu, cylindrical, pang'ono-S-mawonekedwe, chopindika kumbali yamkati, ndi mbali ziwiri zamiyendo yolimba ya pectoral komanso mbali yotsika kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa pamimba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ovipositor, mkaziyo amabowekera khungubwi ndi kuyikira mazira nkhuni kwa nthuli zitatu. m'malo amodzi ndi zingwe. Tchire lachivalo limafanana ndi kubowola komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthaka. Ili ndi mapiko awiri, pomwe pamakhala timinyewa tating'ono komanso tosinthika tokhala ndi mano ndi mano owongoka. Wamkazi amayika ovipositor mu nkhuni pafupi pang'onopang'ono kumtengo wa mtengowo mpaka akuya masentimita 1-2 ndikuyendetsa dzenje dzira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphindi 3-5 pantchitoyi. Udzu wabwino kwambiri wopangidwa mwa njirayi umatumizidwa kudzera munsewu wamagetsi oyambilira. Choyamba, amatengedwa ndi "utuchi" ndikusamutsidwa kupita ku "dothi lopopera utuchi", pomwe amakalowetsamo "dothi lopopera utuchi" lomwe amatulutsa kunja.

Pamalo pa thunthu pomwe ovipositor wamalo ogulitsika ankangotsalira, dontho lokhalo laphokoso lomwe limawoneka. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuzindikira kupezeka kwa mazira ndikutchingira mchira wamatabwa. Mphutsi zimayenda movutikira mkati mwa thunthu, mutakulungidwa ndi ufa wowonda, ndi kusekerera zaka 1-2, pambuyo pake kachilombo kakang'ono kamayamba kupanga ndi kukuta dzenje lakuthwa nkhuni ndi nsagwada zake, pomwe limachoka pamtengopo kukakwatirana ndikuyika mazira.

Cragtails amawuluka kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembara. M'badwo 1-2. Akuluakulu samapereka chakudya chowonjezera.

Oxtails amawononga kwambiri ukadaulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakoka pafupifupi mitengo yonse yamtengo. Mitengo yodulidwa imakhala ndi anthu ambiri, koma mitundu yambiri imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwombera mitengo yooneka bwino, ikusankha mitengo ikuluikulu yowonongeka. Moyo wobisika umapangitsa kuti nyanga zizilephera kuphunzira chifukwa chake zamoyo zamitundu yambiri sizikudziwika bwino. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti kufa kwawo kwakukulu mu nkhuni kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa nyengo (kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti thunthu lizikula, etc.) ndi adani. Pakati pawo, ichneumonids akuluakulu amtundu wa Rhyssa ndi walnut Ibalia leucospoides Hoch ndi othandiza kwambiri.

Pakatikati yakuda ndi yamtambo (Sirex ermak Sem.). Thupi lake limakhala loonda, lonyowa. Mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba zakuda ndizosalala. Kutalika kwa mkazi ndi 15-25 mm, kwa chachimuna 15-16 mm. Mphutsiyo ndi yoyera, cylindrical, yokhala ndi msana wotsekera kumapeto pamimba.

Kugawidwa m'nkhalango za taiga za Siberia. Amawononga larch, fir, spruce, pine. Imadzaza nkhalango m'malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo odulira, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta. Zamoyo zikufanana ndi zam'mbuyomu.

Mphaka wakuda (Xeris sipekitiramu L.). Thupi limakhala loonda, lalitali, lalitali, lopindika. Mtundu wakuda. Miyendo ndi yofiyira chikasu, m'mimba ndimtundu wakuda. Mapikowo ndi achikasu ndi kamaso ka imvi m'mbali mwa phiko. Ovipositor ndi wautali, woposa nthawi 1.5 kuposa thupi. Kutalika kwa akazi (popanda ovipositor) ndi 15-30 mm, amuna 12-28 mm. Mphutsiyo ndi yoyera, cylindrical, penapake, gawo lam'mimba limanyamula pachimake, mwamphamvu kwambiri.

Mitunduyi imafalikira ku USSR, makamaka ku Carpathians, Siberia ndi Far East. Imawononga fir, spruce, mkungudza wa ku Siberia. Khalidwe limafanana ndi mitundu yakale. Modzigulira mosatakasaka mitengo yomwe ili pamalo opepuka kudula mitengo ndikudula, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kuigwiritsa ntchito.

Zojambula zowoneka bwino sizinaphunziridwe bwino. Chifukwa chake, kufunika kwawo monga tizirombo taukadaulo nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa. Odziwika kwambiri katemera wamkulu wa birch (Tremex fusticornis L.). Chingalawacho ndi chosalimba. Kutalika kwa chikazi ndi 20-40 mm, ndipo aimuna ndi 18-30 mm. Thupi limadalilidwa. Mutu ndi chifuwa ndizosakhwima, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku Black mpaka kufiyira. Miyendo ndi yofiyira. Matimba am'mimba, achikasu okhala ndi magawo oyamba komanso apakati. Ovipositor wamfupi pang'ono pamimba, popanda zowonjezera. Wamphongo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wamkazi wachikuda. Mphutsiyo ndi yoyera, yachikuda, yokhala ndi msana wamfupi (mpaka 4 mm) kumapeto kwa thupi.

Mtunduwu wafalikira ku USSR. Ndegeyo imayendetsedwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Peak nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Ogasiti. Yaikaziyo imayikira mazira pamwamba pa matope ofooka a birch. Mphutsi imalowera mu nkhuni, ndipo, atakalamba, imayala zigawo zazikulu pafupi ndi thunthu, yotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi ufa wopera pang'onopang'ono. Makanda owonjezera a ana palibe. Zithunzithunzi zomwe zimatuluka pachikumbuchi zimabowola panjira mpaka pamwamba pa thunthu ndipo zimasankhidwa potseguka pandege. M'badwo wazaka ziwiri. Ndi tizilombo toopsa tomwe timakhala m'malo obisalamo, m'nkhalango zoterera komanso ngati titha kupunduka ndi tizirombo timene timadya masamba. Zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ikhale yosasinthika komanso imatsegulira njira fungal. Komabe, mitengo yodulidwa imangokhala yambiri.

Kuwoneka kwa zolemba

Tizilomboti timakhala ndi thupi lalitali. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kwatchulidwa. Akazi amakhala ndi ovipositor wooneka bwino.

Zambiri zamkati.

Mabuwa ndi acylindrical mawonekedwe, pang'ono opindika mu mawonekedwe a kalata S. Mtunduwo ndi woyera. Mphutsizo zimakhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo yosalala. Kumbuyo kwa pamimba pamachitika njira zana.

Kubwera kwakukulu kwa coniferous

Tizilombo timeneti timawononga mitengo ya conifers, koma nthawi zambiri timakonda paini komanso spruce. Nthawi zina amagwirira mitengo yowola, monga phulusa, birch ndi popula. Amakhala pamitengo yofowoka, yomwe imakokedwa ndi mphepo kapena kudulidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa makina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kafadala sikumabweretsa kufa kwa nkhuni, koma amathandizira pakukula kwa fungal matenda. Wood yoipitsidwa ndi mphaka zazikulu za coniferous imawonedwa kuti siyabwino pomanga. Mtunduwu wafalikira.

Oxtails ndi tizirombo ta conifers.

Mchira wa akuluakulu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi okalamba amakhala ndi masiku pafupifupi 7, koma osadyetsa. Mtundu wa kachilomboka ndi wakuda, ndipo mapiko ake ndi otuwa. Kutulutsa nkhuni, kachilomboka wachikulire amaboweka dzenje mkati mwake masentimita 7 kudutsa.

Akazi amawaza mtengowo ndi ovipositor ndipo amaikira mazira akuya pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Wamkazi mmodzi amabweretsa mazira 50 mpaka 350. Mazira amakula pakapita mwezi umodzi. Mphutsi zimatuluka kwa iwo, zomwe poyamba zimangodya zamtengo wofewa wa chilimwe, kenako zimayamba kulimba kwambiri, kenako ndikuwukanso pamwamba pa thunthu. Kusunthika kotsekeka ndi ufa wowonda pang'onopang'ono kumakulira ndikutha ndi chikhazikitso.

Amphaka amadzaza nkhuni, ndikuwononga thunthu.

Gawo lodzala limatenga zaka 2-3. Kutulutsa mphutsi kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena nthawi yachilimwe. Pupa mfulu, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Gulu la ana limatenga masiku 7-27.

Ndibwino kuti mukukhala pakaini wabuluu

Tizilombo timagwira osati mitengo yongofa komanso yofowoka, koma mitengo yambiri yabwino. Zotsatira zake, chaka chotsatira amaziuma, makamaka mitengo yobzalidwa. Katemera wamtundu wa buluu amawononga larch, spruce ndi mitengo ina. Tizilombo timakonda mitengo ndi makungwa owonda. Nthawi zambiri kachilomboka kamakhala limodzi ndi kafadala wa paini. Kufufuza kwa kachilomboka kumaonekera kuchokera kunja, titha kumvetsetsa kuti mtengowo nawonso wadwala.

Mchira umakonda khungwa loonda.

Zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma pine horntail ndizofala kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamoyo, katemera samakhala waluso, koma tizilombo. Tizilomboti timapezeka paliponse pamitengo yamitundu yambiri; timapezeka tili ku Polesie.

Zolemba za paini zamtambo zimawuluka kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Wamkazi m'modzi amabweretsa mazira 350-480, pomwe amawayika awiri.

Oxtails amakhalanso ndi mitengo yabwino.

Mphutsi za tizirombo timapangitsa ndima tomwe timayenda ngati matabwa. Bowa amakula m'm ndima, omwe amathandizira kuti pakhale mphutsi. Mphutsi zokhwima zimabweranso pansi pomwe panali chimtengo.

Pamitengo yowala, zamoyo za tizirombozi siziphunziridwa bwino, chifukwa chake, kuvulazidwa kwawo sikunapupulidwe. Pakati pa tizirombo todziwika bwino kwambiri, ogulitsa kwambiri ndi ogulitsa kwambiri. Izi zikatikati chakhazikika m'ming'alu yofooka.

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