Hummingbird nestling, yomwe idayamba kupita kumapiko ndikuuluka kupita kwa wodyetsa. Poyamba, adakhala pafupi naye pa nthambi ndikufinya, ndikulimbikitsa amayi ake kuti amudyetse. Kenako anasamukira kukaphikirako ndipo adayamba kumwa yekha madzi otsekemera. Kodi mukudziwa kuphika zakudya za hummingbird? Tengani kapu ya shuga ndikumasungunula mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Manyuchi wakonzeka :)

M'masabata ochepa, imasinthidwa kukhala makina ouluka oyenera, opangidwira kuwuluka cham'mbuyo, osagwedezeka mlengalenga, ma jerks mwadzidzidzi, kuthamangira ku 80 km / h mosapumira komanso kutuluka mumtsinje womwe uli ndi maulendo 9 - momwe angathere kupirira oyendetsa ndege abwino okha ayi.

Koma pakadali pano, akupeza mphamvu, akuyang'ana dziko latsopano ndikuwerengedwa mosamala mita khumi kuchokera pachisa kupita kumalo okadyetsa pafupi. Ndipo nthawi zina, posazolowera, amafuna amayi.

Peacock - mbalame yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi

Ngati panali mipikisano yokongola pakati pa mbalame, pikoko imalandira mphotho

Peacocks ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri za kulumikizana kwa nkhuku kuchokera ku banja la pheasant. Anthu kuchokera nthawi zakale, omwe adawona mapangawa pafupifupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo, adakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yowala yosadziwika bwino, ndikuyamba kuwamasulira. Pakumapeto, mbalame zazikulu zimakhazikika mosavuta, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo inkakwera kuchokera zaka 20 m'tchire - mpaka zaka 40 pafupi ndi anthu. Pikoko idakhala zokongoletsa zamapaki a olamulira a India, Roma, Egypt wakale, anthu olemera. Anali kunyada kwa mfumu yolemera komanso yanzeru kwambiri - Solomo. Nyama yake yokoma inkawonedwa ngati chakudya chabwino. Zakudya zochokera mmatumbo ake zidadyedwa patebulo pa maphwando monga chizindikiro cha chuma.

Makhalidwe oyimira nkhuku

Kuthengo, kutchire kumakhala m'nkhalango ndi mitengo, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mbalame yokongola yayikulu ikuyenda bwino, imathamanga ku 16 km pa ola limodzi. Amatha kuuluka, koma sakonda, amachita izi pokhapokha pachitika ngozi. Moyo wokangalika wa mbalame umachitika masana padziko lapansi, ndikayamba kwa kucha amawuluka kupita kumitengo ndikukagona komweko. Peacocks ndi omnivores, kudya chilichonse chomwe m'mimba chimatha kupukusa: mbewu, zipatso, chimanga, tizilombo, zolengedwa, ngakhale njoka zazing'ono. Pikoko amatha "kuyankhula" wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi ma infashound signals opangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa nthenga zazikulu za mchira. Khutu la munthu silizindikira.

Kodi peacock wachikazi amatchedwa ndani?

Mawu akuti "pikoko" ndi tanthauzo la mbalame, makamaka, amatanthauza chachimuna. Pikoko wachikazi adalandira dzinali - "Pa." Pali zosiyana zomveka pakati pawo. Kusiyana kwa mtundu wa nthenga. Kenako, tikambirana mitundu itatu yayikulu yamtendere: wamba, Javanese ndi African.

Peacock wamba kapena Indian

Habitat - India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chachimuna ndi mchira wautali wokongola wokhala ndi nthenga za buluu ndi zofiirira. Kwenikweni, mchirawo ndi wocheperako, koma nthenga zazitali zomwe zimakhala pamwamba, kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 150, zimatha kutseguka ngati mawonekedwe a semicircle, ngati fan. Pa nthenga pali mitundu yozungulira yooneka ngati yobiriwira, yabuluu ndi yagolide. Mutu ndi chifuwa ndimtambo, thupi lamunsi ndilakuda. Maso ali akulu pamtundu wa mithunzi yakuda. Pamutu pali tambo la buluu lofanana ndi korona wokhala ndi mabelu. Pava amawoneka wofatsa kwambiri.

Alibe mchira wautali, ndiwokongola munjira yake: ali ndi mutu wawung'ono wokongola wokhala ndi chisoti chachifumu, maso owala. Okhala m'malo otsetsereka, amayenda ndi ulemu. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti pali mawu akuti: amayenda ngati Pa. Zachilengedwe zanzeru sizinamupatse mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Samayenera kuyang'ana motley. Cholinga cha pikoko yaikazi ndi kulera ndi kulera ana, kuti amuteteze kwa adani. Zowala zowala zimamupangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi adani achilengedwe - nyalugwe ndi akambuku. Ndizotheka kuti mtundu wa motley wa pikoko yamphongo ndi njira yokopera chidwi cha nyama yomwe imadya ndikuiteteza komanso kubwezeretsa ana obwera mtsogolo.

Peacock wa ku Africa kapena waku Congo

Amakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za ku Congo. Mtunduwu sunaphunziridwe pang'ono. Utoto wamtunduwu siwokongola ngati wa bambo wachimwenye. Si yayikulu, mchira ndi waufupi, maso ndi ofooka. Pava ndi mtundu wotuwa, wopatsa chitsulo champhamvu. Pa mapazi a akazi kuti amenyane ndi adani.

Malo okhala Java, Myanmar, Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia. Chachikulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse yamapikisano. Wamkazi waku Javanese amawoneka ngati wamwamuna, koma wocheperako. Nthenga zakuda zobiriwira komanso tint yagolide ndi ya bulauni zimatsika pamutu pake mpaka khosi. Chisoti chachifumu chamutu chimakongoletsedwa ndi bulu wamkaso wachikasu. Malovu ofiira amadziunjikira nthenga kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa.

Kukula kwakulu

Kutalika kwa thupi laimuna kumakhala masentimita 130. Zomwe zimawoneka ngati mchira wokongola ndi nthenga zazikulupira zomwe zimaphimba mchira wake kutalika kwa masentimita 45-50. Kutalika kwa nthenga zodzikwaniritsa kumakhala mpaka masentimita 160. Zimawatsegulira ngati mawonekedwe akumakupiza. Pavas ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna komanso achikondi. Kusiyanaku kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha nthenga zopangidwa kum mchira. Amuna samasiyana pang'ono ndi zazimayi akamapanga mkaka. Chaka chilichonse mu Januwale, nthenga zimagwa, ndipo pofika Juni, nyengo yakukhwima, imakulanso.

Wamphongo amakhala wachikulire ali ndi zaka zitatu, ndipo wamkazi amakhala wokonzekera chibwenzi ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Peacock ndi Pele ayamba masewera a mating mu Epulo. Amangodutsa chovala chowoneka bwino, akuwoneka wotanganidwa, natambalitsa mchira wake ndikuyamba kuvina. Chibwenzi chimatenga mphindi 20. Ngati mtola Atawona zoyesayesa zake, akutembenukira kwa iye ndipo akuyang'ana maula ake. Ornithologists awona kuti kupambana kwa PA kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mawanga mu mawonekedwe amaso mchira wotseguka. Momwe zilipo, mwayi ndi mwayi. Chifukwa chake mawu omaliza amakhalapo ndi Pa. Nthawi zina amuna amamenya nkhondo chifukwa cha wokondedwa wakeyo, ndipo amayang'ana modekha mbalameyo ikamenya nkhondo ndikudikirira wopambanayo.

Pava akugwira ntchito yowongolera nyumba. Amayikira mazira 5-7 nthawi. Miyezo ikakhala yabwino, amatha kumanga katatu pakukhwima. Imakumba dzenje pansi, ndikuyala ndi udzu, nthambi, fluff kutulutsa m'mimba ndi chifuwa. Kugwedeza pamwezi. Abambo amtsogolo panthawiyi ali pafupi, amagwira ntchito yolondera, nthawi zina akumapita kukadya. Ana mbalame kuwoneka wachifundo, imvi, wotenthedwa ndi dzuwa ndi kuzizira. Akukula mwachangu, patatha mwezi umodzi ayamba kale kuyenda ndi amayi awo. Pakupita miyezi itatu amayamba kudziyimira pawokha. Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kudziwa pikoko yamphongo, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kowoneka bwino kumakwaniritsidwa ndi zaka zitatu, mwa kusasitsa.

Zosangalatsa zokhudza pikoko

Mbalameyi idadziwika ndi anthu pafupifupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo. Zambiri zoyeserera zoyambirira zidapezeka kuchokera ku India. Apa akulemekezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha dziko, zomwe sizisokoneza ndikugulitsa ndalama zambiri. Alexander the Great adabweretsa ma pikoko ku Europe kuchokera maulendo kupita kumayiko omwe mbalamezi zimakhala. Peacock, chifukwa cha ukulu ndi kukongola kwake, imakhala ndi mbiri yakale yopeka ndi nthano, nthano, zolemba zachipembedzo. Amatchedwa mbalame ya paradiso kapena yachifumu. Ku China m'masiku akale, olamulira amasenga nthenga za pikoko amaperekedwa chifukwa cha zabwino zawo.

Ku India, amamulemekeza. Mulungu wachikondi Kam nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa akuwuluka pikoko, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kulakalaka ndi kukhumba. Mu nthano za Chihindu, mawonekedwe amchira amadziwika ngati nyenyezi yakumwamba. Ku Roma - amapembedza ngati mbalame za mulungu wamkazi Juno. Iye anali choyimira cha mkazi ndi ana akazi a mfumu. Ku Chisilamu, "diso" la pikoko limatchedwa "diso la mtima." Amakhala opanga maonekedwe amkati, ukulu ndi ukulu wa mfundo zauzimu. Chithunzi cha awiri pikokokukhala mmbali mbali za Mtengo Wadziko Lonse kutanthauza chikhalidwe cha munthu.

Ma peacock pachikhalidwe

Mu Chikhristu, pikoko ndi chisonyezo cha kusafa komanso kuwuka kwa mzimu, kubadwanso mwa uzimu, pomwe kumakonzanso cholembera.

Nthenga zake ndi chizindikiro cha St. Barbara. Komabe, ku Russia, pikoko inkawoneka ngati chizindikiro chakunyada, kunyada. M'chigawo cha Moscow, pikoko imadzitukumula pamoto wamzinda wa Serpukhov. M'zaka za zana la 18, ambiri anali m'gawo la nyumba ina ya amonke, komwe amathandizira kubereka. ndi iye wakhala Zithunzi za Fire bird mu nthano zaku Russia. Anali iye yemwe adapezeka ndi ngwazi Ivan Tsarevich, akugwedeza maapulo a paradiso.

Ku Europe, nthenga zimayamikiridwa ndi azimayi olemekezeka ndipo zinali zofunikira pa zisoti ndi zipewa za ma knights apakati, ojambula pamanja. Mu nzeru zaku India, mbalame yowala imawerengedwa ngati mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lapansi. Pikoko yowoneka bwino imakumbutsa anthu kuti m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa zovuta m'moyo, nthawi zonse padzakhala malo achimwemwe.

Hummingbird

Moni nonse)
Ndidaona mbalame yotere ndipo ndikufuna kuchita)

Ntchito zina zitha kuwoneka pano.
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Mwiniwake mwangozi adatenga mlingo wa LSD pamakonzedwe a synthesizer a 1960s

Katswiri wina waku San Francisco anali ndi nkhani yonse yopanga ndi LSD. Kalelo mu 1960s, panali mphekesera kuti zida zopanga nyimbo, chida choimbidwa kwambiri ndi magulu ambiri a miyala ku San Francisco, zidadzaza ndi LSD ndikuti "adamizidwa" m'menemo. Aliyense amene wakhudza chida chotere amatha kupita paulendo wamtchire - kapena ndi zomwe nthano yakumatawuni ikunena.
Kwa injini wa San Francisco, Eliot Curtis, nthano iyi idakhala yeniyeni mu 2019.
Curtis, manijala wogwirira ntchito paofesi yofalitsa nkhani ya KPIX, adadzipereka kukonza akale a Buchla otsekera osungidwa zaka zambiri ku California State University East Bay. Anathetsa, koma kukonza izi zidamuwonongera kwambiri. Mukukonza chida ichi, Curtis adayamba kumva ngati "kugunda kwachilendo". Zapezeka kuti mwangozi adalandira mlingo wa LSD kudzera pa batani mu synthesizer.

"Msonkhano wina unakambirana za momwe oimba omwe adagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kunyowetsa chala chawo, ndikukhudza chida, kenako ndikunyambita chala chawo kuti alandire zamatsenga," atero a CBS San Francisco. Ngakhale synthesizeryi sanagwiritse ntchito kwazaka zambiri, chinthu cha LSD pa icho chinali chogwirabe ntchito.
Pogwira ntchito yokonzanso m'nyumba yake, Curtis adatchula za "zotsalira" zomwe zinali m'manja mwa chida. Anayesa kutsuka zotsalira ndi chala chake, ndipo patatha pafupifupi mphindi 45. Ndidawona magetsi amitundu yambiri. "Wokwezeka" wake adakumana ndi mkazi wake Holly.
"Ndikuganiza kuti sizabwino. Ndikuganiza kuti zonsezi ndi gawo labwino m'mbiri ya zaulimi," adatero Holly, malinga ndi CBS.

Nyimbo zosinthika - zomwe masiku ano zimadziwika kuti "zida zamagetsi za analog" - zidakhazikitsidwa kale ndi oimba awiri a avant-garde omwe amaphunzitsa nyimbo kusukulu mu 1960s. Anthu omwe adapereka ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito chida ichi anali maprofesa Glenn Glasow ndi Robert Basart.
Amakhulupirira kuti synthesizer imeneyi idapangidwa ndi Don Buckley. Anali wopanga zida, woimba, komanso wopanga yemwe adapanga zida, kuphatikiza zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi magesi, ngati zida zoperekera kale zomwe sizimva mawu. Buckle anathandizira kupanga makina azithunzi a Grateful Dead m'ma 1960s.

Ulendo wa Curtis ndi LSD unatenga pafupifupi maola naini. Otsalira adayang'aniridwa ndipo zidapezeka kuti ndi lysergic acid diethylamide. "Wofufuzira wa LSD adati chinthu chingathe kukhalabe chothandiza kwa nthawi yayitali ngati chitha kusungidwa m'malo abwino, amdima," a CBS akuti.
Chosinthiracho chakhala chikusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri mchipinda chogona pakona ya kalasi. Kamodzi mwa gawo lokondweretsedwa bwino, lidatuluka mu mafashoni, ndipo palibe yemwe adasautsa kuti athetse mpaka Curtis adadzipereka kuyesa.
Choimbacho chinali ndi mawu osangalatsa. Nyuzipepala ya New York Times inati: "Cha m'ma 60s, Robert Mug, yemwe anali wotchuka kwambiri, yemwe anamwalira mu 2005, ndipo a Buckle, mosadukirana wina ndi mzake, adakhala ndi lingaliro la zida zopangidwira mphamvu zamagetsi: chida chophatikizidwa kuchokera kuma module osiyanasiyana. omwe adawongolera kusamvana wina ndi mnzake kuti apange ndikumapanga mawu. Voltage ikhoza kuwongolera kukwera, kuchuluka, mphamvu, nthawi, kuthamanga ndi magawo ena, kumayenderana m'njira zovuta. Buckla adayamba kupanga chida chake choyamba mu 1963, koma sichidamalizidwe d 1965. Moog woyamba wodziwika adayambitsidwa mu 1964. "
Buchla Box analinso woyang'anira nyimbo za Acid Tates zolemba za Ken Kesey, chochitika cha makanema pomwe omwe ophunzira, kuphatikizapo Buckle, adatenga LSD. "A Buckle adatenga nawo gawo pazoyimba zamagetsi ndi zithunzi pamsonkhano wa Trips ku San Francisco mu 1966, chimake cha nthawi ya psychedelic," alemba New York Times. "M'buku lake lotchedwa Electro-Cooling Acid Test, Tom Wolfe adalemba za makina a nyimbo a elektroniki a Buchla akulira ngati wamisala weniweni."
"Anali wanzeru komanso wochita zanzeru - wopatsa chidwi mwa mawu," akutero The Guardian, mnzake, woimba Bob Ostertag. Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe anachita chinali chisanachitike. ”
Bakla anamwalira mu 2016 ali ndi zaka 69.

Kubera kwachilendo komwe kumachitika ku United States

Aliyense wamva za mitundu yakuba. Pali achifwamba opindulitsa, monga kuba magalimoto ndi chidziwitso chaumwini, ndi kuba zinthu zazing'ono monga kubera akuba. Malinga ndi National Association for the Prevention of Shoplifting, katundu wokhala ndi ndalama zoposa $ 13 biliyoni pachaka amabedwa kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana ku United States. Izi ndizoposa $ 35 miliyoni zobedwa tsiku lililonse.
Retail Research Center imati azimayi amakonda kuba zodzola, zovala, zodzikongoletsera komanso mafuta onunkhira. Amuna amakonda zamagetsi, makamaka ma TV ndi zida zamagetsi.
Komabe, anthu amaba zinthu zachilendo kwambiri kuposa zinthu zokongola ndi zosangalatsa. Pali gawo lovuta kwambiri lomwe anthu akutenga kuti atenge chinthu chomwe sichili chawo. Boma lililonse la US lili ndi zovuta zake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zapadera, makamaka zikafika pazomwe anthu abera komanso chifukwa chake.
10. Zikwangwani (Washington)

Mu 2012, Washington inali imodzi mwa mayiko oyamba (ogwirizana ndi Colorado) kulembetsa chovomerezeka mwalamulo. Komabe, panali vuto laling'ono lomwe palibe amene akanaoneratu. Zafika poti sizingatheke poletsa kuba kwa Baile 420.
Kwa omwe sakudziwa, chiwerengero cha 420 ndichofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amadya matendawa. Ena akuti zidayambira ngati lamulo la apolisi pazochitika za chamba, pomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti mwambowu udayamba ndi gulu la ophunzira aku sekondale mu 1970 omwe amadzasuta fodya nthawi ya 16:20 tsiku lililonse atatha sukulu.
Ngakhale adachokera kuti, iyi ndi nthawi yotchuka ya tsikulo kusuta udzu, makamaka pa Epulo 20. Kaya zimawoneka ngati zabwino kapena chifukwa chongopezera phokoso, "420" yakhala mbiri. Kuyambira mu 2012, zosachepera 608 mwaizi zidasinthidwa. Chizindikiro china chodziwika chomwe chimasowa ndicho nambala 69 (pazifukwa zomveka).
Izi ndizovuta kwa okhometsa misonkho komanso chiopsezo chachitetezo. Chizindikiro cha maile akuyenera kukhala malo obisika mwadzidzidzi, koma nzika za Washington zikuwoneka kuti sizikutha kuchita kalikonse ndi izi. Nthabwala zopusa izi zitha kupangitsa kuti akhale ndi mlandu komanso mpaka masiku 90 ali m'ndende. Ndalama zambiri $ 1 000 zimaperekedwa nthawi zina, koma sizokwanira kubweza chiwongola dzanja.
Izi zomwe zingalimbikitse kumvera malamulo sikokwanira kuletsa anthu. Magalimoto a Washington ali ndi zikwangwani ma 8,245 mamailosi, ndipo 200 akusowa, kuyambira Januware 2019.
Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa za Washington ku Washington yabweretsa njira yapadera yothanirana ndi achinyamata ankhanzawa.M'malo mokhala ndi nambala ya "420", mankhwalawo azikhala ndi nambala "419.9", mwachitsanzo. Zikuwoneka kuti zikugwira ntchito nthawi zina.
9. Zojambula zakumalo zochokera kumanda (Missouri)

Kanema wa Steven Spielberg's Poltergeist akuwonetsa kuti kukangana pamanda a Native American kumatha kutha. Osanena kuti alibe mtima kwa Amereka aku America.
Komabe, anthu amangobera mafupa ndi zinthu zopangira ndalama zosaloledwa, ndipo Missouri ili ndi masamba ambiri osapezeka. Mukungofunika kukumba dzenje.
Kuyambira m'ma 1800, mabanja asonkhana Lamlungu lazovala kuti asunge manda aku America aku America kufunafuna chuma. Tsoka ilo, m'mapiri amakono a Ozark aku Missouri, mwambo woipawu umakhala chifukwa cha gulu la anthu lotchedwa "olusa."
Awa ndi dzina la anthu osokoneza bongo, omwe amatchedwa "ma tweets," omwe "amakumba" chilichonse chomwe chili ndi phindu. Zinthu zakale zamtunduwu zomwe zimabedwa nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kulumikizana kumene pakati pa olanda ndi osokoneza bongo kwadziwika kwa zaka zambiri. Sgt. Kevin Glaser wa Southeast Missouri Task Force on Diction anati: "Tinalowa mnyumba ndi meth ndipo tinapeza mbiya zokhala ndi mivi."
Marauders amadziwa kuti mutu wotsogola kwambiri, monga Dalton point kuzungulira 8000 BC, nthawi zambiri umawononga $ 200. Mivi yaying'ono ingabweretse $ 20, ngati sichoncho. Nthawi ina m'misika yamakoko yakomweko, chigaza cha munthu chidawonekera kugulitsidwa.
8. Ma Parcels (New Mexico)

New Mexico ili ndi vuto loopsa ndi ma porchi oyenda. Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene anachitika pa intaneti a Blink, kampani yoteteza nyumba, anthu ku New Mexico ali ndi mwayi wowonjezera mphatso za Khrisimasi pakhomo la nyumba zawo kuposa anthu okhala m'maiko ena aku US.
Nyengo ya tchuthi isanayambike, Novembala imatibweretsera Mwezi Wodziwitsa za kubedwa kwa maphukusi, koma sizithandiza kwenikweni poletsa zigawengazi. Mabokosi nthawi zambiri amabedwa akangofika pakhonde lakutsogolo.
Njira yokhayo nzika zitha kuthana ndi vutoli ndikugwira akuba pamakina owunikira kunyumba. Wapolisi wa Albuquerque a Simon Drobik ati anthu amderali amatenga zinthu m'manja.
Anthu m'deralo amakopa akuba ndi mapepala onyenga omwe amaikidwa pakhonde la eni. Makamera awo akangowona munthu akuchita, wakuba amangidwa. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala zowopsa kwambiri ndikuti makamera akuyamba kugwira ambiri achifwamba awa okhala ndi zida zenizeni, makamaka mfuti.
7. Mitengo (Kentucky)

Kudula mitengo ndi makampani ofunika $ 12,8 biliyoni, motero sizosadabwitsa kuti kuba nkhuni ndi vuto. Ku Kentucky, eni nyumba samakhala nyumba zawo nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amakhala m'miyezi yachilimwe m'nyumba zawo, ndipo pamapeto pake amabwerera kumalo awo omwe adawonongeka ndi mitengo, omwe adawonongedwa ndi ophera moto.
Pali zochitika zovuta zomwe zikufunika kuti muchite izi. Amatola mitengo mazana pachaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndikusiya manda a chitsa ndi mitengo yosweka.
Mwina chifukwa chakubera nkhuni ndikotchuka ndichakuti okhazikitsa malamulo safuna kusuntha kuti afufuze milandu yotere. Amauza anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi kuti aponye milandu yazomenyera boma kuti azikhomera pomwepo. Koma zingatenge zaka zopitilira 10 kuti zisankhe.
Ambiri sangakwanitse kuchita izi, chifukwa palibe zodandaula zomwe zimachitika. Popeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakubedwa sikumasonkhanitsidwa, palibe amene akudziwa kuchuluka kwa mitengo yomwe inabedwa ku Kentucky. Mtengo umodzi ungagulitsidwe pamtengo wopanda matabwa popanda zolembedwa zambirimbiri za madola. Matabwa akangokoka, sangathe kuwatsata.
6. njinga (Oregon)

Mosadabwitsa, boma, lotchedwa "Bike City USA," likukumana ndi vuto la kuba. Portland idawononga mamiliyoni ambiri kukonza magwero a njinga, koma ngati njinga zikuyenda motero mbala zawo.
Oregon ali ndi mayina kwa iwo: "makasitomala wamba." Mbiriyi imaperekedwa kwa akuba chifukwa akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti njinga zakuba zidzadutsamo anthu angapo mobwerezabwereza. Kevin Demer, wachiwiri kwa loya wa boma ku Multnomah County Property Crimes Division, adati: "Malamulowa a 80-20 amagwiranso ntchito - 20% ya achifwamba amachita 80 peresenti yowonongeka."
Pazenera la Portland Police Bureau muli zolembedwa zokwana 13,000 za kuba njinga, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 2% amangidwe. Anthu ambiri sanavutike kuti awadziwitse apolisi.
Vutoli ndikuti ndizosatheka kugwira wakuba wa njinga - komanso zovuta kwambiri kuti amuyankhe. Ngakhale apolisi atazindikira kuti wina wakwera njinga ndi nambala ya serial yomwe akuti yabedwa, palibe njira zowonetsera kuti oyendetsa njirayo amadziwa kuti njinga yabedwa.
Portland ilinso ndi malo omwe ali kutali ndi njira yomenyedwa, yotchedwa "manda a njinga." Awa ndi mulu waukulu wamabasi otayidwa ndi zida zonyansa pansi pamsewu. Akuba nthawi zambiri amabisala pano, pomwe gulu limasuntha zida zawo zikamakonzanso, kukonzanso mafuta, ndikuthamangitsa njinga zanyumba.
5. Ng'ombe (Texas)

Akuba amphaka akadakalipo ku Texas, kampani yopanga ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri mdzikolo. Ng'ombe yamphongo yosadziwika, ng'ombe yamphongo yachikulire, imabweretsa $ 3,000. Zotsalira, kuyambira pa chiwongolero mpaka kukweza ng'ombe, zimagulira pafupifupi $ 1,000.
Ng'ombe ndi chuma ku Texas ndipo izi zimapangitsa kukopa akuba. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yamalamulo ku Texas idakhazikitsa mtundu wina wamalango pakuba ng'ombe. Ngati mukuba ng'ombe zosakwana 10 ku Texas, izi zikufanana ndi zaka 10 m'ndende yandende.
Olanda akaba ng'ombe, amachita upandu wachitatu. Mu 2014, mndende akuba akuba zaka 240. Mu Januwale 2019, a William "Willy" Riddbo adasungidwa kundende ya Hill County, Texas, m'malo mopereka chindalama $ 1 miliyoni chakuba ng'ombe zingapo.
4. Mbale zamalayisensi (Colorado)

Kuba kwa ma licence ku Colorado ndi mlandu wachilendo, kuchuluka kwake kukuchuluka kwambiri. Chiwerengero chawo chinakwera kuchokera pa 20 mu 2017 mpaka 300 mu 2018.
Denver ndi malo otentha. Tsiku lililonse, mbale zamalayisensi zimawuluka ngati makeke otentha. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ya ku Denver yapereka zopangira zapadera kuti zipangitse kuti ziphaso za ziphaso zizichitika mobwerezabwereza.
Komabe, zomwe zimakwiyitsa wakuba zimapweteketsanso eni ake. Nzika izi tsopano zili ndi zovuta pakufunika kogula zida zapadera zochotsera chilolezo, ndipo amakakamizidwa kulumikizana ndi apolisi kuti athandizidwe akafuna kuchotsa.
Anthu amawabera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kuyimitsidwa kwa chilolezo choyendetsa ndikuyendetsa galimoto yabedwa. Sangakhale ndi inshuwaransi yamagalimoto.
Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa milandu ya kuba kwa ziphaso zamalamulo ndikuwopsa. Zingakhale zabwino kuti nzika za ku Colorado ziwonetsetse zikwangwani musananyamuke kukagwira ntchito m'mawa, chifukwa anthu amalipiridwa faelo yakusowa ma layisensi nthawi zambiri kuposa kale.
3. Metal (New Jersey)

Ku New Jersey, vuto limodzi lalikulu kwambiri ku United States. Malinga ndi National Institute for Drug Abuse Control, anthu omwe anamwalira ku New Jersey mchaka cha 2016 mu chaka cha 2016 kuchokera kwa owonjezerawa a heroin ndi ma painkiller anali anthu 16 pa anthu 100,000, omwe amapitilira muyeso wapadziko lonse.
Pakakhala zovuta zoterezi, zimayambitsa kuba. Ku New Jersey, zitsulo zakuba zimathandizira ndalama zogulira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Bungwe la State Commission of Inquiry linapereka umboni kuti osokoneza bongo amabera zitsulo kuchulukidwa komweko pafupifupi kasanu patsiku.
Mwa zina, malonda osaloledwa azitsamba zobedwa amawonongera ndalama za okhoma msonkho, zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa ma waya ndi manhole, komanso kukonza zitsamba zamagetsi. Anthu amatula zitsulo mwachindunji ku nsanja za ma cell, ma magetsi komanso ngakhale m'manda kuti akagulitse mwachangu ku malo opangira nyumba, malo osungiramo zitsulo ndi malo ogulitsira.
Malinga ndi State Commission of Inquiry, eni masitolo ngati amenewa amalimbikitsa machitidwe akuba akuba. Pakadali pano, sikuti chitsimikiziro chaupandu kapena zolembedwa zachitsulo. Chifukwa chake, ngati waya wamkuwa aliyense amadziwika kuti ndi wa boma kapena makampani olankhulana, umavomerezeka popanda funso.
2. Ziweto (New York)

American Kennel Club imati "kuba kwa ziweto" kukukula, koma izi zikuyenera kutchedwa kuba. Kwa anthu ambiri, ziweto ndi mabanja. Ena amavomereza kuti ndiofunika kuposa anthu.
Chifukwa chake zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti milandu ili ponseponse pomwe boma limakakamizidwa kuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja chifukwa chobera ziweto. Lamulo la New York State pa kuba, kuvulaza, kapena kuyendetsa ziweto sizinasinthidwe kwazaka pafupifupi makumi asanu. Posachedwa, komabe, New York yawonjezera ndalama zonse kuchokera $ 200 mpaka $ 1,000 chifukwa chakuba kuba a Bobik.
Mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya agalu imakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka ndi akuba ku New York. Ndi agalu otchuka kwambiri mu mzindawu, pomwe nyumba za tawuni zimakhala zodzaza kuposa malo ena ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, York yaying'ono ikhoza kugulitsidwa mosavuta kwa masauzande angapo.
Nyama zimabedwa kuchokera kwa eni kumalo osungira nyama ndi m'nyumba zawo, komanso mwachindunji kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto.
1. Nyama Yophika Spam (Hawaii)

Ku Hawaii, kuba nyama yamzimu ya Spam ndi vuto lalikulu. Spam, chinthu chomwe amakonda kwambiri kuzilumba, chimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi pafupi ndi aliyense wokhala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yonse ya mbale - kuchokera ku "mpunga wokazinga ndi Spam" kupita "mazira omwe ali ndi Spam".
Kutchuka kwake kunawonjezeka pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pomwe nyama yokhazikika inali yovuta kwambiri kupeza. Koma masiku ano, miyambo (ena amati kudzikhuthula) ikupitirirabe. Anthu aku Hawaii amadya Spam pa capita iliyonse kuposa boma lina lililonse, mwachitsanzo, oposa kilogalamu 2 miliyoni za Spam pachaka.
Kutchuka kwa "nyama yododometsa" iyi kungakhale chifukwa chomwe chakhala mtundu wamalonda pansi pazilumba za Hawaii. Kuyambira banja mpaka ma dollar ochepa chitha, kuba mapaketi 12 kungathandize munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala kuti apezenso mlingo wina. Malo ogulitsa ku Hawaii tsopano amasunga zitini za Spam. Pakakhala kufunika kwakukulu, nthawi zonse pamakhala msika wakuda kuzungulira mzindawo.
kudzera

Magazi a golide ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali padziko lapansi.

Magazi agolide, kapena magazi omwe ali ndi zero Rh factor, ndi gulu losowa kwambiri la magazi lomwe lapezeka mwa anthu 43 padziko lonse lapansi pazaka 50 zapitazi. Ndizofunikira pakufufuza konse komanso kuwayika magazi. Komabe, ndikuwopseza kwambiri anthu omwe thupi lake limayenda, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake.

Kuti mumvetsetse magazi a golide, muyenera kaye kuchita ndi magulu ena amwazi. Magazi amawoneka ofanana mwa munthu aliyense, koma kwenikweni ndi osiyana. Pamaso pa gawo lililonse lamaselo ofiira pali ma antigen 342 - mamolekyulu omwe amachititsa kupanga mapuloteni ena apadera otchedwa antibodies. Ndi kusapezeka kwa ma antigen ena omwe amasankha mtundu wa magazi a munthu. Pafupifupi 160 mwa ma antijeni awa amawonedwa kuti ndiofala, ndiye kuti ali pamaselo a m'magazi ofiira aanthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Ngati wina alibe antigen yomwe imapezeka mu 99 peresenti ya anthu onse, ndiye kuti magazi a munthu ameneyo amawonedwa ngati osowa, ndipo ngati alibe antigen omwe 99.99% ya anthu ali nayo, ndiye kuti magazi ake amawonedwa ngati osowa kwambiri.

Ma antijeni 342 odziwika ndi omwe amakhala m'magulu 35 a magulu amagazi, pomwe Rh, kapena "Rhesus", ndiye wamkulu kwambiri, ndi ma antigen 61. Nthawi zambiri anthu amasowa amodzi mwa ma antigen. Mwachitsanzo, m'magazi a pafupifupi 15% a mpikisano wa Caucasus, antigen D, yofunika kwambiri ya Rh, sasowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale Rh factor. M'malo mwake, magulu amagazi omwe ali ndi vuto la Rh samakhala ocheperako kwambiri ku Asia (0,3 peresenti). Koma bwanji ngati munthu akusowa ma antijeni onse a Rh? Ngakhale theka la zaka zapitazo, madokotala ankakhulupirira kuti mazira oterewa sanathe kupulumuka mu chiberekero, osanenanso kuti akukula mwaubwino, wathanzi labwino. Komabe, mu 1961, nzika yaku Australia komweko idapezeka kuti ili ndi magazi okhala ndi zero Rh factor. Izi zikutanthauza kuti analibe ma antigen a Rh m'magazi ake, omwe panthawiyo amawoneka kuti sangakhulupirire. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu 43 omwe ali ndi zero Rh factor adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.

Magazi okhala ndi zero Rhesus factor amatchedwa "golide" pazifukwa ziwiri. Chofunika koposa, kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa ma anti anti a Rh kumatanthauza kuti "magazi agolide" amatha kutengedwa ndi aliyense yemwe ali ndi gulu la magazi mu Rh factor system. Kuthekera kwake pakupulumutsa miyoyo ndikokulira kwakuti, ngakhale zitsanzo zomwe zimaperekedwa m'mabanki amwazi ndizosadziwika, asayansi nthawi zambiri amayesa kutsatira omwe amapereka ndi zero Rh factor kuti awafunse kuti apereke zochulukira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, magazi agolide amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi ndizosatheka.

Komanso, magazi agolide ndi ofunika kwambiri pa sayansi chifukwa amatha kuthandiza ofufuza kuvumbula zinsinsi zazinthu zachilengedwe za Rh factor.

Mwazi wokhala ndi zero Rhesus factor ukhoza kuthiridwa mwa aliyense wokhala ndi magazi omwe ali ndi vuto loipa la Rhesus, chifukwa chake asayansi akunena kuti ndilofunika kulemera kwake mu golide. Koma bwanji ngati munthu yemwe wabadwa ndi mtundu wachilendo wamagazi uja amafunikira kuthiridwa magazi? Izi zimatha kukhala vuto lalikulu, chifukwa magazi okha omwe ali ndi zero Rh factor ndi oyenera thupi lawo. Ndiowopsa kukhala ndimwazi wagolide. Ngati alandira magazi kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi Rh yabwino, izi zimatha kuyambitsa machitidwe owopsa a chitetezo mthupi.

Mu 2014, magazini ya The Atlantic inalemba za Thomas, m'modzi mwa anthu 43 okhala mdziko lapansi lapansi omwe anali ndi magazi omwe ali ndi vuto la Rh, komanso zodzitetezera zomwe adatenga moyo wake wonse kuti asakhale pamavuto pomwe kuthira magazi kudzafunika. Ali mwana, makolo ake sanamulole kupita ku msasa wa chilimwe, akuwopa kuti mwina ngozi ingamugwire. Atakula, nthawi zonse amayendetsa galimoto mosamala ndipo samapita kumayiko omwe kunalibe zipatala zamakono. Anamtengera khadi lapadera, lomwe limatsimikizira kuti anali mwiniwake wamagazi osowa, ngati atagonekedwa kuchipatala.

Magazi a golide onse ndi themberero ndi dalitsidwe. Kumbali inayi, muli ndi mwayi wopulumutsa miyoyo yambirimbiri pongopereka magazi, koma kumbali ina, mumakhala ndi nkhawa kuti mupewe nthawi yomwe mungafunike magazi.

Ara parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Chithunzi cha chikwama cha hummingb chikamauluka

Hummingbird ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala ngati agulugufe kapena njenjete kukula kwake. Mtundu wocheperako kwambiri wamtali wolemera 2 g.Kulemera kwapakati kwamitundu yambiri ndi 15-20 magalamu. Kutalika kwa mbalame yachikulire (kuyambira kumunsi kwa mulomo mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira) kumasiyana pakati pa masentimita 7 mpaka 20. Kutalika kwa mulomo ndi 1/3 ya kutalika konse.

Mawonekedwe

Hummingbird pamtengo

Malamba a Hummingb ali ndi mphatso yokhala ndi mulomo wotalika, womwe mbalameyo imatulutsa timaluwa tambiri ndi mungu popanda kukhala pamalowo. Mu mulomo mumayikidwa lilime lalitali lomalizidwa kumapeto. Mukamadya, lilime limatuluka pakulomo, ndikudziguguguguza ndipo limakoka maluwa. Mlomo wa mbalame umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida kugwirira mdani - ndi mkono wakuthwa, ngati singano wogwiritsa ntchito "mphuno", umalowera maso kuyang'ana mbalame zolusa kapena kuboola thupi la kachilomboka.

Mbalame zimapatsidwa mapiko owerengeka, zazitali, zoloza m'mphepete. Pouluka, mapiko ake amagwada mwamphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mtundu wamtchire ukhale wolimba kwambiri kuti uzitha kuyenda bwino pakati pa thovu. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosungunulira amatha kukhala mozungulira kapena lakuthwa kumapeto, koma nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nthenga khumi zomwe zimafalikira mbali zonse.

Ntchentche ya Hummingbird

Zovala za Hummingb zimakhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, yopyapyala, yopanda bwino. Zosayenera kuyenda pansi, choncho mbalame nthawi zonse zimatha kuthawa. Mothandizidwa ndi mapiko awo amphamvu, "kugwirira" ngati ndege, mbalame zimatha kukhala mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Utoto wokongola womwe umawala padzuwa ndi chinthu chosaiwalika cha zovala zachisoni. Muzoyimira zamtunduwu muli maimoni, amtundu wakuda, wofiira kwambiri. Anthu ena m'banjamo amakhala ndi mawu owala kapena kolala. Mimba imagentedwa ndi imvi kapena yoyera. Kumbuyo ndi mutu zili zobiriwira zakuda. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda kuposa kumbuyo. Nthenga zopambanitsa za mchira wake ndi zakuda. Throat (kolala) - wobiriwira ndi maluwa achikasu ndi ofiira. Mlomo ndi maso ndi zakuda.

Mbalame ya Hummingbird itakhala panthambi

Pansi pa dzuwa, mbalame imawala ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Nthenga zake zimasokoneza nthenga ndipo nthenga zake zimafanana ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Masamba a mitundu ina ya hummingbird amakhala ndi nsonga za zovala. Nthenga pa miyendo pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera.

Kukongola kwa kugonana kumawonekera pakukwaniritsidwa kwa utoto wa nthenga. Amuna amawoneka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nthenga zakuwala zakugonana kwabwinoko.

Pa chithunzichi, mbalame ya hummingbird imakhala panthambi ya mtengo.

Hummingbird molt zimachitika kamodzi pachaka. Zimachitika ndi kutha kwa nthawi yoswana, mbalame zosamukira zimatha miyezi 4-5, ndikukhalamo - mpaka miyezi itatu. Choyamba, nthenga zoyambirira pamapiko ndi mchira wake zimasintha, kenako kukhetsa kwam'mero, masaya ndi mutu kumachitika.

Ndi zingwe zingati zomwe hummingbird amapanga

Hummingbird imakutumula mapiko ake

Pothawa, mapiko a hummingbird amagwada, ndikuwoneka ngati asanu ndi atatu. Popeza zikuyenda, zimatembenuka mbali imodzi kapena mbali. Kuthamanga kwa mapiko kukuthamanga kwambiri kotero kuti wopenyezayo amangowona chiboliboli chooneka bwino chozungulira mbalameyo ndikumva mawu akulira. Mu sekondi imodzi, mbalame yotcherera imatha kugwedeza mapiko ake owonda kwambiri kuyambira nthawi 10 mpaka 100. Chocheperako mbalameyo, imafulumira mapiko ake. Zovala zazikulu zotchedwa hummingbows zimapanga mikwingwirima 8-10 pamphindi, pomwe zovala zazing'ono zamtundu wa humming zimapanga mpaka mpaka zana zana nthawi imodzi. Pamasewera aubwenzi, kuchuluka kwa kusinthana kumachulukana kangapo. Pafupifupi, mbalame za hummingb zimatha kuweta mapiko awo nthawi 150-200 pa sekondi imodzi.

Hummingbird imawulukira duwa

Ma Hummingbird amatha nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga, amatsika pamiyendo makamaka usiku. Kusunthika kwa mbalame ya hummingbus sikufanana ndi mayendedwe a mbalame zina. Kuuluka kwawo kuli ngati kuthamanga pamahatchi. Amathamanga kwambiri, kenako nkugwa pansi, kenako ndikufotokoza mozungulira. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamapiko akumwetulira, mbalame za hummingb zimatha kuyimirira mlengalenga.

Mtima wa Hummingbird

Mbalame ya Hummingbird itakhala pa waya

Maundu a Hummingb apanga minofu yamtima. Mtima umakhala ndi 40% ya voliyumu yamthupi, pomwe m'mimba mumangokhala 5% ya voliyumu. 2,5% ya kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala mumtima. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mtima kumapangitsa mbalameyo kukhala yotakataka maola 20 patsiku. Pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi, mtima wa mbalame umapanga kugunda kokwana 1.5,000 pamphindi. Kugunda kumachepera usiku kugona. Pakupuma, mtima umapanga 500 kumenya pamphindi.

Kodi hummingbird amadya chiyani?

Hummingbird amamwa timadzi tokoma.

Mbidzi za Hummingbird zimadyera timadzi tokongola tosangalatsa ta udzu wambiri ndi zitsamba. Amamwanso nthenga za mtengo, zomwe zimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Zakudya za Hummingbird zimaphatikizapo mungu - wogulitsa zofunikira za amino acid. Arthropods amapereka mapuloteni. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi 1/10 yazakudya.

Hummingbird ndi mbalame zokometsetsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Patsiku amadya chakudya chochuluka kuposa mbalame zomwe zimalemera. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti pakhale metabolism wopitilira komanso kusungitsa kutentha kwa thupi mokhazikika.

Hummingbird imawulukira duwa

Kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo, zovala za hummingbin zimakakamizidwa kudya mphindi 20 zilizonse. Amawuluka mpaka maluwa 2,000 tsiku limodzi. Kudyetsa mbalame kumachitika mlengalenga. Chovala chofiyira, chikuwuluka ngati duwa, chimatulutsa lilime lake lalitali, chokhazikitsidwa kumapeto, pakati, ndikuyika chotsekemera mkamwa mwake. Mitsempha imalowa m'mero, kenako m'matumbo, ndikudutsa m'mimba. M'mimba mumangodya tizirombo tomwe timaboweka tomwe timagwira. Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zimachokera ndi ma mavu, ma dipterans, akangaude, nyerere ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono.

Hummingbird ikuyandama mlengalenga kuti idye

Mbalame iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lake la chakudya. Kulekanitsidwa kwa malo opatsa chakudya kumalola mbalame mazana ambiri kukhala mosatetezeka chimodzimodzi. Mbalame zimakhala zokha ndipo sizimalola ochita nawo mpikisano kuti alowe mdera lawo. Amateteza "dziko laling'ono" lawo mwankhalwe, kuthamangira wolakwayo ndikukonzekera ndewu. Amuna samalola kulowa m'magawo awo ngakhale akazi omwe atengidwa kale. Kuti awopewe mpikisano kuchokera mdera lake, mbalameyo imadya chakudya cham'mphepete mwa nthaka yake.

Dera

Hummingbird kuthawa

Ma Hummingbird amakhala ku Western Hemisphere ndipo amakhala kumpoto ndi South America. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ndi zigwa za Amazon komanso m'mphepete mwa Andes. Mbalame zamtunduwu wa thermophilic zimakonda malo otentha komanso otentha. Mitundu yambiri ya zovala za hummingbary ndiyokhala. Pali mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'malo ofunda. M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kumadera otentha, ndikupanga ndege zamtunda wa 1,500 makilomita.

Orange hummingbird imawulukira mlengalenga

Pali lingaliro loti a hummingbird sakhala m'malo ngati Russian. Komabe, pali mtundu wa mbalame womwe umakonda malo ocheperawa a Russia. Ichi ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira chosankhidwa ndi zisumbu za Ratmanov. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, mbalame zamtunduwu zimawonekera mosadukiza ku Chukotka ndi ku Wrangel Island. Mitundu yozizira ya "Russian" yozizira ku North America.

Habitat

Mbalame ya Hummingbird pachisa

Mbalame zimakhala m'malo obiriwira m'nkhalango zowirira, m'malo okhala m'mapiri, pamapiri komanso zipululu. Mitundu ina imakhala m'malo akuluakulu, mitundu ina imakhala m'dera laling'ono - pamwamba pa phirilo kapena pansi pa nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhala m'malire kuchokera kumapiri kupita kumapiri otsetsereka pamtunda wa 2500 metres. M'dera limodzi, kuyambira mitundu iwiri mpaka 20 ya hummingbird amakhala pafupi. Mu nyengo yakusamukira, mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'madera ena imawonjezeka kukhala mitundu 50.

Moyo

Mbalame yokongola ya hummingbird

Hummingbird ndi mbalame zogwira ntchito zopanda moyo. Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zapamwamba masana masana. Masana, amakhala akusaka zakudya nthawi zonse, amapanga ndege zosatha kuchokera kumaluwa mpaka maluwa. Kutentha kwa thupi kumafika madigiri 42. Usiku, mbalame zimagwera mu stupor - malo osasunthika, momwe thupi limazizira mpaka madigiri 32, ndipo zimachitika pang'ono. Kuchita dzanzi ndikofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamanyazi. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya usiku, mbalame za hummingb zitha kufa. Chifukwa chake, kuti ipulumutse mphamvu, mbalame imabisala mbandakucha. Kusagwiritsa ntchito kumakhalabe ndi mphamvu kufikira dzuwa loyambirira ndikudumphanso kukafunafuna chakudya.

Ngakhale ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, mbalame za hummingb ndi mbalame zopanda mantha. Ngati mbalame yokhala ndi mbewa kapena banja lake lili pachiwopsezo, amawonetsa kulimba mtima kwakukulu komanso kulimba mtima. Ma Hummingbird saopa njoka kapena ma falcons kapena akangaude.

Hummingbird

Mbalame zing'onozing'onozi siziopa ngakhale anthu. Nthawi zambiri amakonza nyumba pafupi ndi anthu. Amatha kudyetsedwa ndikuwonetseratu madzi okoma m'malo otchuka. Popeza azolowera kuchereza alendo kotere, aubweya amakhala ngati ziweto.

Ma Hummingbird amavutika kulankhulana ndi mtundu wawo. Mbalamezi ndizodzikonda. Amakonda kukhala okha, kusonkhanitsa phukusi pokhapokha ngati akukakamizidwa kusamukira kapena kusaka njoka ndi mbalame.

Kuswana

Pa chithunzichi, zovala zachikazi ndi zazimuna zikukhala pampheni

Hummingbird ndi mbalame zamitala. Amapanga awiriawiri kuti azitha kukumana ndi mazira. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kum'mwera zimabereka chaka chonse; kumpoto, nyengo ya kubereka imagwera miyezi ya chilimwe. Amphongo nthawi yakubereketsa amakonzekera nkhondo zoyipa m'deralo ndi chachikazi chomwe amakonda. 70% ya nthawi yomwe amayimba, nthawi zambiri pamayimbidwe, kuti nyimbo imamveka mosalekeza. Mitundu ina ya zovala pa nthawi ya nyimbo imakonza ziwonetsero - kukulani mapiko awo ndi mchira wawo kuti nyimboyo ithe. Akaziwo akamayandikira, yamphongo imayamba kuyimba mofulumira kwambiri. Akazi, posankha mnzake, amakhala pafupi ndi iye, zomwe zimamulimbikitsa kuti akwatire. Atangochita izi, mwamunayo amusiya akusaka "mkazi" watsopano.

Hummingbird atakhala pafupi ndi duwa

Amuna samatenga nawo mbali pomatulira ndi kulera ana. Maudindo onse amatengedwa ndi achikazi. Amamanga chisa, amasaka mazira, kenako kudyetsa ana akhanda. Zisa zazing'ono zooneka ngati ubweya zimapangidwa kuchokera ku moss, lichens ndi cobwebs. Mbali zamkati ndi zamkati zamakoma ndizakutidwa ndi nthenga ndi tsitsi. Mbalame yaikazi yotchetchera imakonza chisa chake pamitengo ya mitengo kapena m'miyala. Nyumbayo imalumikizidwa kumtunda mothandizidwa ndi malovu a mbalame. Zimatenga masiku 10 kumanga nyumba.

Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri opeza ma ornithologists, anapiye a hummingbird omwe akukula zisa zotsekedwa amayamba kupanga mawu oyamba kumapeto kwa sabata. Komabe, kufinya kwawo kosalekeza kumakopa chidwi cha adani. Chifukwa chake, zazikazi zimakakamizidwa kupotoza zisa - padzuwa, anapiye amakhala mwamtendere.

Hummingbird wamkazi wokhala ndi anapiye

Wamkazi amayenera kutchera msambo kuti adani awo asazindikire chisa. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, akafika chisa kapena kuchoka pamenepo, mbalame yam'madzi yozungulila imagwiritsa ntchito zigzag zokhala ngati kugwa kwa tsamba. Ngakhale liwiro la mbalame limayenderana ndi kuthamanga kwa tsamba. Pouluka mu chisa, mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird imatsata kuwuluka kwa njenjete, potero imakopa chidwi chake, osati chisa.

Hummingbird mazira pachisa

Nthawi imodzi, wamkazi amaikira mazira awiri oyera. Kukula kwa mazira a hummingbird ndi mamilimita 11 * 8, ndipo kwa chimmingbird chachikulu ndi 20 * 12 millimeter. Unyinji wa mazira wamba ndi 0,7 magalamu. Makina ambiri onyamula zovala amapanga mawonekedwe amodzi pachaka. Pali mitundu yomwe akazi ake amaikira mazira katatu pachaka. Nthawi zambiri azimayi omwe ana awo oyamba adamwalira zisanayambike kukula nthawi zambiri amayikira mazira awo.

Chithunzichi chimayerekezera kiyi ndi kukula kwa mazira a hummingbird

Kubzala kwa Hummingbird m'mawa kwambiri. Dzira limodzi loyamba limatuluka, ndipo patapita masiku awiri lachiwiri. Wamkazi amatenga mbadwa. Amakhala pafupifupi 90% ya nthawi mu chisa. Pakadali pano, akazi amakhala mwamwano kwa alendo osadziwika. Kuteteza ana awo, mwachifundo, amapyoza mlomo wawo wakuthwa kuti ukhale kangaude kapena njoka. Pofuna kuti asafe ndi njala, wamkazi hummingbird amachepetsa kutentha kwake kuyambira madigiri 41 mpaka 32 - kotero amapulumutsa mpaka 50% mphamvu.

Hummingbird chisa ndi mazira

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha milungu itatu. Pambuyo masiku 21, anapiye 5-7 mamilimita kukula.

Chingwe

Chithunzi cha mwana wankhuku yokongola

Anapiye ang'ono amawoneka akhungu, okhala ndi kuwala kochepa pang'ono kumbuyo. Mlomo waufupi umatalika msanga. Sabata yoyamba anapiyewo samveka, osayenda. Amayiwo, akubweretsa chakudya, amagwira mwana aliyense wakhanda - motero amadziwitsa ana ake za kuyamba kudya. Yaikazi imang'amba chakudya ndikuyika mkamwa mkamwa mwa anapiye. Zakudya zazing'ono: timadzi tokoma komanso tating'ono kwambiri ta arthropod. Nkhuku zimadyetsa kawiri patsiku.

Makono akuyembekezera amayi

Pofika masiku 10 amoyo, anapiye amatsegula maso awo ndi mapiko, mchira ndi msana. Zingwe zamawu sizinapangidwebe, thupi lili lozungulira, komabe, anapiye ayamba kale kukwera. Yaikazi imawotha amphaka kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira, kenako makanda amayamba kudziyimira pawokha posinthanitsa. Pofika tsiku la 14 la moyo, anapiye amafika 80% ya akulu akulu. Kuyambira tsiku la 15, anapiyewo akhala pamphepete mwa chisa. Amayamba kugwira ntchito, kuyang'ana pozungulira, kuyeretsa maula. Yaikazi imadyetsa anapiyewo kwa mwezi umodzi. Pakatha masiku 25-30, anapiye amakhala ndi mapiko ndipo amachoka pachisa banja. Kwa milungu inanso 3-4, wachichepere amakhala pafupi ndi amayi, omwe amaphunzitsa njira zopezera chakudya. Zambiri mwa anapiye sizowala ngati mbalame zazikulu. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa siliva wazomera amaonekera pakumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Mitundu ya Hummingbird

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 350 ya zovala zochitira masewera olumikizira padziko lapansi. Onsewa amakhala kumayiko aku America okha. Kugwidwa kosaloledwa kwa mbalame kwadzetsa kuti mitundu ina inali itatsala pang'ono kutha. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mbalame zotchedwa hummingbird ndizokhazikika ku Ecuador (mitundu 163), Venezuela (mitundu 80) ndi Colombia (mitundu 100). Mitundu yambiri imakhala yotayirira nyengo ndi malo okhala.

Gigantic Hummingbird

Gigantic hummingbird pa nthambi

• Dzina lachi Latin: Patagona gigas
• Kulemera: 18-20 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chovala chachikulu kwambiri cham'madzi mu banja. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika magalamu 22, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 15.

Gigantic Hummingbird Amasonkhanitsa Nectar

Mbalame ina yochititsa chidwi kwambiri imakhala kumadzulo kwa Latin America, kumapiri a Andes. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zimawulukira m'mapiri a mapiri omwe ali pamtunda wamamita 4.5 miliyoni. Ana obadwira kumeneko amabadwira kumeneko. M'nyengo yozizira, sinthani kumapiri.

Gigantic hummingbird atakhala pamtengo

Mtundu wa hummingbird wopakidwa utoto wobiriwira komanso wa bulauni. Kumbuyo ndi mutu kumawala ndi mithunzi yobiriwira, mulu ndi m'mimba zimakhala zofiirira ndi mawanga achikaso. Nthenga za mchira ndi imvi zakuda. Pansi pamapiko ndi zobiriwira zakuda.

1. Patagona gigas peruviana. Amakhala ku Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile.
2. Patagona gigas gigas. Kugawidwa ku Chile komanso kumadzulo kwa Argentina.

Ruby Hummingbird

Ruby Hummingbird Hovering Mlengalenga

• Dzina lachi Latin: Chrysolampis mosquitus
• Kulemera: 4g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame zazing'ono, zolemera 4-5 magalamu, kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 9. Ruby hummingbird imagawidwa kwambiri mkati mwa South America - Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. Amakhala makamaka ndi nkhalango ndi ma savannah.

Ruby hummingbird panthambi yamtengo

Amuna ndi akazi osiyana siyana amakhala ndi utoto mosiyanasiyana: mwa amuna, maula ndi obiriwira, mwa akazi ndi ofiira. Atsikana a Hummingbird amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa nape yofiyira komanso nthenga zofiira pamapewa awo.

Archilochus wamba (wofunda-khosi, wofiyira) wokhala ngati wamiseche

Nthawi zambiri archilochus amawuluka

• Dzina lachi Latin: Archilochus colubris
• Kulemera: 2-6 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mtundu wa North America hummingbird, mmodzi mwa oimira ang'ono kwambiri pabanja la hummingbird. Kulemera kwa thupi kumachokera ku magalamu 2 mpaka 6. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 7-9. Mbidzi wamba yokhala ndi mapiko ofupikirako ndi mchira wautali. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwamtambo wobiriwira, pamimba pali imvi. Amuna ali ndi kolala yofiira.

Chovala chofewa wamba chimakhala pamwala.

Mbidzi ya Ruby-khosi yokhotakhota kum'mwera kwa Canada ndi kumpoto kwa United States. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amasamukira ku Central America - kupita ku Mexico ndi Cuba. Nthawi zambiri mbalame za hummingbino zimakhala pafupi ndi munthu.

Kalipota Anna

Kalipta Anna akupukusa mapiko ake

• Dzina lachi Latin: Calypte anna
• Kulemera: 4.5g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame yaying'ono yolemera mpaka magalamu 4.5 ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 9 -10. Akazi kuchokera kwa amuna amadziwika ndi mtundu wa cholembera. Mu mbalame zamtundu umodzi, mtundu wake ndiwobiliwira komanso wachitsulo. Khosi lachikazi ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mutu wofiyira komanso khosi. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasowa utoto wofiira.

Kalipta Anna pa duwa

Mbalame zamtundu wa Calipta Anna chisa kumadzulo kwa North America. Malo omwe mungakonde posankha zitsamba zowirira ndi nkhokwe zotsika. Amakhala m'mapaki ndi mizinda yamizinda.

Plasma Topaz Hummingbird

Plasma topaz hummingbird atakhala panthambi

• Dzina lachi Latin: Topaza pyra
• Kulemera: 4.5g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mtundu wa mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ku South America ku Amazon River Valley. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi magalamu 9-10, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 13 mpaka 14. Utoto: mutu wakuda, bere - zobiriwira zokhala ndi mabuluu abuluu ndi chingwe chakuda m'malire. Khungu la khosi limakhala lofiirira, nthenga za mchira wake ndi lalanje komanso lofiira. Mimba yake ndi yagolide. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiirira, pamwamba pa mapikowo ndi burgundy ndi nsonga zakuda. Plasma topaz hummingbird amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo, nthawi zambiri samakonda timadzi tokoma.

Chestnut Wokhala Ndi Hummingbird

Wamkazi ndi Male Chestnut Wokhala Ndi Hummingbird

• Dzina lachi Latin: Boissonneaua mat Matesii
• Kulemera: 4.5g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Korona wonenepa wamalemera magalamu 7-16, kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 10-12. Mlomo wake ndi wokulirapo komanso wamfupi. Zowonjezera zam'mimba zam'mimba ndizobiriwira zowoneka bwino, mutu umapakidwa pamithunzi ya mandimu. Pali madontho amtundu wa kirimu pamwamba pamaso. Thupi lakumunsi ndilopakidwa ndi njerwa. Akazi amakhala ndi timalovu tachikasu pakhosi.

Chestnut Wovekedwa Korona Wodziwika bwino Hummingbird Mvula

Zovala zokhala ndi korona zokhala ndi mchenga zimaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa zovala za hummingbird ovala korona. Mtundu wa mbalamezi umapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma za Andes ku Venezuela ndi Peru.

Buffy hummingbird kapena selasforus ofiira

Buffy hummingbird wopumula pamtengo

• Dzina lachi Latin: Selasphorus rufus
• Kulemera: 2.9-3.9 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mitundu yokhayo ya hummingbird yomwe imakhala ku Russia. Kulemera - 3,9 magalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 8.5. Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo. Mapikowo ndi achidule komanso oonda. Mtundu wa ocher hummingbird ndi wofanana ndi wodutsa. Thupi lopakidwa utoto. Pali malo ofiira amkati pakhosi. Mchira wake ndi wofiyira, mapiko ndi a bulauni. Mwa chachikazi, thupi lam'mwambalo limakhala lobiriwira, pansi limayera, ndipo pakhosi pali timamba ta nthenga zobiriwira komanso zofiira.

Ma selasforus ofiira kuyesa kunyamuka

Mbale wofiirira yemwe amakhala ku Alaska komanso kumadzulo kwa America. Nyengo ku Mexico. Kukhala ku Russia nthawi yachisanu kusamukira ku Central America.

Kuwala kokunyezimira

Mtundu wonyezimira umakhala pa waya wachitsulo

• Dzina lachi Latin: Colibri coruscans
• Kulemera: 2.9-3.9 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame zachikulire zolemera 8-9 magalamu, zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 14. Amayi amasiyanasiyana amuna ndi kukhalapo kwa malo oyera kumbuyo kwa diso. Zina zonse mwa mbalame ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, zowala bwino padzuwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kubowola kwa hummingbird panthambi yamtengo

Mbalame zokhala ngati timadzi timeneti zimakhala ku South America kuchokera ku Bolivia kupita ku Argentina. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, paminda yopanda zitsamba, minda. Kuyang'ana m'mphepete mwa miyala. Mbali yamtunduwu: Amuna amachita nawo ntchito yolimitsa ana.

Utali wamoyo

Chithunzi cha hummingbird

Chiwerengero chachikulu chaimfa chimawonedwa mu zovala za hummingbars adakali aang'ono. Ndi 40% yokha ya anapiye omwe amapulumuka. Imfa yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndi nyengo zoyipa (masabata awiri oyamba ana samatha kuthana ndi kutentha kwa thupi ndikuzizira), kuukira kwa mbalame zodya nyama (falcons, akhwangwala, mileme).

Hummingbird pa nthambi

Ma Hummingbird amakhala pafupifupi zaka 5-8 kuthengo. Pali nkhani yodziwika bwino yomwe mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird inakhala zaka 12. Chojambulachi ndi cha anthu amtambo wokhala ndi batani loyera la buluu. Mbalame zolumikizidwa zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 3-4.

Adani a Hummingbird

Adani a Hummingbird - Tarantula Spider

Mbalame zazing'ono zimadyedwa mosangalatsa ndi tarantulas ndi njoka zamtengo. Mbawala zimadumphira zisa za hummingbird ndikumeza zazikazi ndi mazira ake.

Mdani atayandikira, mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird imachenjeza mbalame zina machenjezo, okhala ndi mawu angapo afupikitsafupi. Wokhala m'mgulu laling'ono, mbalame za hummingbess zimagunda akhwangwala ndi akabawi. Amathamangira mwamphamvu kuukira, akupukusa maso a mdani.

Mdani Wina wa Hummingbird - Bat

Osasamala kudya mbalame yaying'ono yamphongo kuchokera pagora, mabanja a toucan. Mimbulu imabera zisa, ma falcons amtchire ndi passerines makamaka pa mbalame zazikuluzikulu za humming.

Munthu amene amawononga mbalame zazing'onoting'ono chifukwa cha nthenga za motley zotuwa padzuwa zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi.

Voterani

Mbalame ya Hummingbird imayimba

Ma Hummingbird amatulutsa mawu ofupika omwe amakhala theka mphindi. Nthawi zina amasintha kukhala mafoni angapo. Kulankhula kwamawu kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Ngati ngozi ikuyandikira, mbalame imatulutsa mawu okwiya.

Vocalization imatha ndi laryngeal lakuthwa, yosasangalatsa kwa khutu la munthu, ndikumveka. Anapiye achikulire pomwe azichimwene awo amapanga mafasho ocheperako. Mapangidwe ake a larynx, ofanana ndi a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, akuwonetsa kuti mbalame za hummingb zimatha kuphunzira nyimboyo.

Hummingbird amayimba atakhala pa nthambi

Mitundu ina ya zovala zojambula bwino nthawi zina imakhala masekondi atatu kapena atatu, nyimbo zaphokoso. Ndipo nyimbo za njuchi zazing'ono zimatha masekondi 20-30. Nyimbo za Hummingbird mu nthawi yakukhwima zimakhala zaphokoso, mokweza. Phokoso lililonse limatha kumveka patali pa 100 metres.

Hummingbird atakhala m'manja mwamunthu

Mbalame zazing'ono zimasungidwa ngati ziweto. Zovala za Hummingb zimasungidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono kapena m'mabokosi otentha omwe ali ndi timitengo tating'ono, mbale yomwera ndi ufa. Anapiye a Hummingbird amadyetsedwa mphindi 15 zilizonse.

Chovala chaching'ono kwambiri

Nyumbayo idakhazikitsidwa pambali dzuwa. Usiku mbalame zimagona bwino. Akakhudzidwa, sasunthanso.

Ma Hummingbird amakhala mu ukapolo mochepera kuposa kuthengo. Chowonadi ndichakuti kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso wathanzi, mbalameyi imafunikira timadzi tokoma, komwe sikutheka kubereka kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zomwe zimamangidwa m'thala sizigwira ntchito, ndipo izi zimayambitsa zosokoneza pantchito ya mtima, matenda a metabolic.

Chithunzi cha hummingbird ndi mbalame yamunthu

Ma Hummingbird amakulira ku California. Kwa mbalame, nyengo zapadera zimapangidwa, pafupi ndi zachilengedwe. Nyama zazing'ono zimakhala mu ndege zapadera zomwe zimasunga kutentha koyenera. Malo okhala okhaokha amadziwika pomwe asayansi adatha kuphatikiza utoto wamtundu wina mu ukapolo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti atalandidwa chisangalalo cha masewera a mating, mbalame zimayiwala za ntchito yawo yobereka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adakulitsa malo osungira nyama ku Europe ku Germany mu 1977. Kwa theka la zaka, akatswiri a zamankhwala alandira ana kuchokera ku mitundu 20 ya mitundu ya hummingbird, yomwe inali gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mitundu yonse yomwe ikuchita nawo izi.

Zosangalatsa za Hummingbird

Maubweya amauluka cham'mbuyo

1. Ku Cuba, mbalame za hummingbs zimatchedwa "zumzum" ndipo zimadziwika kuti ndi chikondi.
2. Pothawa, mitundu ina ya zovala zotere imakhala mpaka maola 20 patsiku.
3. Njuchi za Hummingbird ndimakonda kwambiri njoka zamtchire, zopemphera ndi achule.
4. Chizindikiro cha dziko la pachilumba cha Trinidad ndi Tobago chikuwonetsa chinthu chosangalatsa.
5. Mukasamukira, mbalame za hummingb zimatha kuthana ndi mtunda wa makilomita 800 mu maola 20 popanda kupuma.
6. Hummingbird ndiye mbalame zokha zomwe imatha kuwuluka cham'mbuyo (mbali ina). Zowona, ndi kuuluka kotero, mbalame zimatopa msanga. Kupita patsogolo, ma hummingbird amafikira kuthamanga kwamakilomita 80 pa ola limodzi.