Vicuna kapena Latin Lama vicugna ndi nyama yocheperako kwambiri yamtundu wa llama, okhala nzika za ku South America. Ma ngamila amenewa ndi akale kwambiri ku South America.

Mbiriyakale ya komwe adachokera imabweranso ku nthawi ya ayezi.

Asayansi amanenanso kuti nthawi yayitali kwambiri, sizinasinthe, ndipo ndi omwe ndi omwe amapanga llama ndi alpaca.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi la vicuna kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 150, ndipo kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala pafupifupi mita. Kulemera kwa nyamayi kumasiyanasiyana 40 mpaka 50 kg. Vicuna ili ndi mutu wamfupi komanso makutu aatali. Khosi lalitali lolimba limakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone adani omwe ali kutali. Msana wa vicuna ndi wodera pang'ono ndipo chovala chake pamimba chake chimakhala choyera.

Chikhalidwe cha vicuna chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi zinyama zina zosadziwika ndi mano. Ndiwowala kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a incisors. Vicunas adadula udzu ndi mano awo, osatulutsa, monga achinyengo ena amachitira. Kuphatikiza apo, incisors zam'munsi zikukula mosalekeza, ngati makoswe, zomwe sizimadziwika ndi abale apamtima a vicuna.

Vicuna ndi mamuna

Zaka zambiri zapitazo, a Inca, makolo akale a Quechuans ndi Aymaras, adabzala llamas ndi alpacas. Llamas adakhala nyama zonyamula, ndipo kuchokera ku alpaca adalandira ubweya ndi nyama. Mafuko ena adachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi ma guanacos, omwe pambuyo pake adabweranso. Koma vicuna zinali zakuthengo komanso zakutchire.

Koma vicuña adavumbulutsa zofunikira za malowo, ndizofewa komanso zotentha kotero kuti sizingafanane ndi ubweya wa nyama ina iliyonse padziko lapansi. Pankhani ya kutulutsa kochulukirapo, ndikufanana ndi kumangokhala pansi.

A Inca akale amadziwa izi ndipo adayamika vicuna. Koma popeza ubweya wocheperako unapezeka, mafumu a Inca ndi ansembe adabweretsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ubweya woterewu ngati gawo la chipembedzo cha Inti - kupembedza mulungu wa dzuwa. Ubweya wa Vicuna unkatchedwa "rune of the milungu" kapena "gune rune" ndipo adaganiza kuti zinali za milungu ndi amfumu ndi achibale awo okha. Iwo, powawa pachilango cha kuphedwa, adaletsa kusaka ndi kupha nyama izi ndikuziyesa oyera. Ndipo kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse otchedwa achifumu achi chaku adalengezedwa. Chifukwa chaichi, anthu ambiri adasonkhana, omwe adasanjidwa adasenzedwa ndikuyika m'miyala, momwe ubweya umadulidwira. Kenako anamasulidwa.

Ubweya unkatengedwa kupita nawo ku akachisi a Dzuwa kapena kumalo osungirako apadera. Pamenepo adachotsa ubweya ndikutsuka. Ubweya wophatikiza unkaperekedwa kwa anthu wamba, ndipo ulusi unkapangidwa ndi nsalu zopangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Ansembe omwe amakhala mu "Ma temple a Dzuwa", kuchokera kwa atsikana omwe anali ndi magazi ang'ono a Inca, omwe amatchedwa "akazi a Dzuwa", amasoka zovala za banja la mfumuyi kuchokera nsalu iyi. Achilendo komanso ngakhale osadziwa kuti magazi amfumu samatha kuvala zovala kuchokera ku nsalu za vicuna pakumva kuwawa.

A Spain atafika ku South America, zonse zidasweka. Otsutsa achi Spain adakhazikitsa dongosolo lawo. Ataphunzirapo za phindu la ubweya wa vicuna, adayamba kuwononga onse ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 vicuna anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Nkhondo yomaliza itatha ufulu wolamulidwa ndi mayiko a Spain ku America (1810 - 1826), atsogoleri a mayiko aku South America omwe adayamba kulamulira adayamba kubwezeretsa chuma chawo m'maiko awo. Chifukwa chake Purezidenti woyamba wa Peru, a Simon Bolivar, ndi chilolezo cha bungwe loyambitsa bungweli, adasayina lamulo malinga ndi komwe kusaka vicuna kumadziwika kuti ndi mlandu komanso kutsutsidwa ndi malamulo. Komanso, ngakhale pa chovala chamanja cha Peru chinali chithunzi cha vicuna. Ndipo lero, pa chovala chamakono cha Peru, kumtunda kwakumanzere, chithunzi cha vicuna chimadzikuzanso, chomwe chikuyimira chuma cha nyama zadzikoli.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60 zapitazi, malo osungirako zachilengedwe zingapo ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe adavomerezeka pamadera a mayiko awa, otchuka kwambiri omwe amadziwika kuti Lauca, Sahama ndi Las Vicuñas. Gawo lalikulu la vicuna lidayikidwa pamalo osungiramo nyama a Las Vicunas okhala ndi malo a mahekitala 4 856; munthawi ya mayikidwewo, mitu ya vicuna 5,000 yokha idawerengedwa. Komabe, kuwonongedwa kwa vicuna kudapitilirabe, izi sizingathe kuyimitsa ozitcha omwe amagulitsa "msika wakuda". Katundu wa nyama zosowa izi adagwa, ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book. Mu 1970, kukhazikitsidwa lamulo ku United States loletsa kugulitsa katundu wa Vicuna aliyense.

Ndipo mu 1975, mothandizidwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa International Conservation for Conservation of Natural, Pangano Ladziko Lonse Lapadziko Lonse lotchedwa “Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse mu Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ndi Flora” lidasainidwa ndipo zitatha izi kuchuluka kwa vicuna kudayamba kuchuluka kwambiri. Kuyambira 1994, CITES yasiya kupatula pamndandanda wa nyama zomwe zikupezeka pachiwopsezo. Komabe, Vicuna adalembedwerabe mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse. Pakadali pano, ku Peru, ku Bolivia, ku Ecuador, ku Argentina ndi ku Chile, chiwerengero cha omwe akumana ndi anthu osakwana 200,000.

Moyo

Chifukwa cha mapangano apadera ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, ma vicunas amapulumutsidwa ngati mtundu. Tsopano nzika za Andes zikupitiliza kubereketsa nkhondoyi m'maiko awo. Kubzala vicuna m'malo amenewo si ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Zimasungidwa ng'ombe, makulidwe omwe nyama zimadzikhazikitsa. Nthawi zambiri gulu limakhala ndi akazi a 10-15, nyama zingapo zazing'ono zosakwana chaka chimodzi, ndipo mtsogoleriyo ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna. Kuyenda kudutsa m'mapiri, vicunas nawonso amapeza chakudya chawo ndi madzi. Ndi udindo wa abusa kuti aziyang'anira iwo kuti asayende patali, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, adzitetezeni kwa zilombo monga nkhwangwa kapena mimbulu, ngakhale izi zili kale.

Ziweto zoyendetsedwa ndi atsogoleri nthawi zonse zimakhala zikuyenda. Mtsogoleriyo nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala pamwamba pa ena, pofufuza zomwe zikuzungulira, kuti ngati zingachitike zowopsa, apereke chenjezo ndi lipenga lolira. Ngakhale chikhalidwe chotere sichikufunikiranso, chimaphatikizidwa mwa chibadwa cha nyama. Nthawi zambiri gulu limayenda pang'onopang'ono kudutsa m'mapiri pofunafuna chakudya, kuyesa kuyenderana. Zikapusa zadzaza, amakonda kuphika ndi dzuwa. Vicunas amagwira ntchito masana; mumdima amapuma. Mwambiri, amakhala modekha pamtundu, nthawi zambiri amafikira malo okhala, koma amakhala ovuta kwambiri nthawi zina.

M'mapiri pali magulu ang'onoang'ono a anyamata achichepere, omwe, akamakula, atsogoleri amachotsedwa mu gulu monga opempha utsogoleri. Amuna achichepere amasonkhana m'magulu ndikuyendayenda m'mapiri, kuyang'ana malo awo pamoyo wawo. Amakhala ndi mphamvu komanso amadziwa zambiri ndipo nthawi yoyenera amakhala okonzeka kuletsa akazi kuchokera kwa mtsogoleri wina wokalamba ndikuwatsogolera gulu. Izi zikachitika, mtsogoleri watsopano mwanjira iliyonse amateteza gulu lake ndi gawo lake. Atsogoleri omwe adathamangitsidwa m'mbuyomu amayembekeza moyo waboma.

Zakudya za Vicuna ndizosowa. Pamakhola, matabwa m'malo okwezeka, pali masamba pang'ono, chifukwa chake vicuna amadya chilichonse chomwe angapezeke. Amakhala ndi mano otsika okha, omwe, ngati makoswe, amakula moyo wonse. Chifukwa chake, kudula masamba, mphukira, nthambi, ndi kutafuna mosamala, kumakupera. Mizu ya mbewu za vicuna nthawi zambiri samadyedwa, koma njere zamtchire ndi mphatso yeniyeni yakupezeka kwawo, komwe amadya kwambiri. Sakonda kubera minda yachikhalidwe yomwe anthu amalima, chifukwa sakonda kutsika kumapiri.

Nthawi yakukhwima kumapeto kwa mvula kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Yaikazi imanyamula mwana miyezi 11. Opusa amabadwa opanda ngwazi ndipo pambuyo pa ola lina ayamba kale kuthamanga. Amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi pafupifupi miyezi itatu, kenako amadya pafupi ndi chaka chimodzi. Kenako amakhala m'gululi kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka ziwiri, pambuyo pake mtsogoleriyo atumiza achinyamatawo kuthengo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa vicuna mwachilengedwe ndi zaka 15-20. Nthawi yotsiriza, maulendo a Maulendo ometa nthawi zonse amameta ubweya ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachita mayeso a zamankhwala. Nyama zofooka ndi zodwala nthawi zina zimaphedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya vicuna imawonedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri ndipo anthu am'deralo mosangalatsa amakonda ng'ombe kapena mwanawankhosa. Posachedwa, akhala akuumirira kuyesa kubala, koma palibe chomwe chimabwera chifukwa mu ukapolo samabala. Nyama izi sizimalumikizana ndi anthu, ali muukapolo amakana kumwa ndi kudya, chifukwa chake kuyesa konse kuzilima kumatha.

Ubweya wa Vicuna

Ubweya wa Vicunna tsopano ukukololedwa ndi nzika zamtundu wa Quechuana ndi Aymara omwe amakhala ku Andes, monga makolo awo akale a Inca, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya chaku. Nthawi yakameta ikadzafika, anthu onse okhala m'maderamo amalowa m'mabusa am'mapiri ndikuyendetsa magulu amtundu wa ng'ombe kudyetsa ng'ombe zazikulu ndikukazigwetsera mumisomali yokhazikika.

Mumsampha, nyama zimasankhidwa ndi zaka komanso kugawidwa m'miyeso yosiyanasiyana. Mu zolembera amatulutsa tsitsi. Ameta ubweya wokhawo kuti asawononge ubweya wamtengo wapatali. Pambuyo pometa ubweya, nyamazo zimamasulidwa kuthengo. Ubweya wonse wometa ubweya umayamba kuchita bizinesi, yomwe imapatsa ndalama zochulukirapo kapena zochepa kwa anthu wamba, omwe nyama zawo zimadyera.

Ubweya wa Vicuni ndiye ubweya wosowa kwambiri komanso wotchipa padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa chake, choyambirira, kuti zaka mazana ambiri atachotsedwa adakali ochepa. Meteleni kamodzi pachaka chilichonse, kulandira tsitsi limodzi kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu aliyense osaposa magalamu 400-500 a ubweya. Mtengo wa kilogalamu imodzi ya ubweya wopangidwa ndi manja ndi pafupifupi $ 1000.

Mtengo wa mita imodzi ya nsalu kuchokera ubweya uwu umafika $ 3000. amenewo. pafupifupi 200,000 ma ruble. Chifukwa chake chovala chachimuna chapakatikati chingawononge ndalama zokwana madola 20 000. Kumbukirani kuti ubweya wa vicuna sutha kupaka utoto chifukwa chake zinthu zopangidwa ndi vicuna zimakhala ndi utoto wa sinamoni mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuwala mpaka kumdima.

Ku Peru ndi ku Argentina, zopangidwa ndi vicuna zimatengedwa kuti ndi mphatso ya azimayi aatali kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala cape. Chifukwa chake mu Novembala 2009, pagulu la anthu wamba, Purezidenti wa Peru, Alan Garcia, adapereka chofunda kwa Papa Benedict XVI ngati mphatso.

Mu Novembala 2016, likulu la Peru, Lima, pamisonkhano yayikulu ya Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, patsiku lomaliza, zokutira zoterezi zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa vicuna zidaperekedwa ngati mphatso zosaiwalika kwa atsogoleri onse amadziko, omwe adatenga nawo gawo pamsonkhanowu, kuphatikiza Purezidenti wa Russia V.V. Putin.

Ngakhale zovala zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa vicuna zili ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, sizowagulitsa. Kugula kotsika mtengo kwambiri mukakhala paulendo wopita ku Peru. Anthu saopa kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zawo pazinthu zotere, makamaka popeza ndizolimba ndipo sizipita m'fasho.

Kubwera kwa Azungu, vicunas anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Anthu mwachisawawa adawapha chifukwa cha ubweya, adawayika poizoni madzi amipanda kuti amasule malo odyetserako ziweto. Zotsatira zake, mu 60s ya zaka zamakumi awiri, mwa anthu angapo miliyoni, ochepa okha ndi omwe adatsala. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zotetezera nyama izi, anthu anayamba kuchira, ndipo tsopano alipo pafupifupi 200,000 anthu.

Inde, Amwenye iwowo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kusaka popanda magazi chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wofunika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Amawagwira, kuwadula ndi kuwamasula. Njirayi idalola amwenye kuti athawe umphawi, osafafaniza nyama.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Vicunas ndi am'gulu la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa placental (artiodactyls). Gulu ili lili ndi mitundu yamakono yokwanira 220, yomwe yambiri ndi yofunika kwambiri zachuma kwa anthu. Banja lomwe nyamazo zimatchedwa ngamila (izi zimaphatikizanso ngamila zomwe, komanso ma lamu). Pansi pamtundu wa nyama izi ndizoyenda ndi chimanga. Oimira onse a gululi ndi herbivorous artiodactyls. Vicunas iwonso ali amtundu wa monotypic wa dzina lomweli.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi vicuna akuwoneka bwanji?

Oyimira ngamila zofewa, otentha, pafupifupi oyenda amakondana ndi aliyense amene adawaonapo ali ndi moyo.

Mwina izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera:

• zazing'ono (poyerekeza ndi ena onse) Malo opangira akuluakulu amafika kutalika kosaposa mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 110 (m'mapewa). Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nyama izi ndi ma kilogalamu 50. Muyenera kuvomereza kuti kwa oyimira ngamila izi ndizochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi kulemera kwa ngamila yokhala-imodzi yotsika ndi ma kilogalamu 500 ndipo llamas ndi ma kilogalamu 150),
• nkhope yaying'ono yokongola. Maso a anthu awa ndi akuda kwambiri, amakumbukira mabatani awiri akulu. Palibe chovuta kuwafufuza mwatsatanetsatane. Zabisika kumbuyo kwa "bang" wakuda. Makutu a nyama ndi akuthwa, owongoka, lalitali,
• miyendo italiitali yopyapyala. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, chisomo chapadera cha ngamila (makamaka anthu ometedwa) zimatheka. Mchira wa nyama sapitilira mamilimita 250 m'litali,
• malaya okhathamira. Imakhala yofewa kwambiri komanso yolimba kukhudza. Mtundu wachilengedwe ndiwofiyira. Kugawidwa kwa mithunzi ya bulauni thupi lonse ndikotheka (nthawi zambiri miyendo ndi kupukutira kwa khungu kumachita khungu). Potere, m'mimba mwa nyama pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera. Mafuta amapulumutsa nyama ku masoka onse a nyengo,
• minofu yayitali. Zimapangitsa kuti ma vicuns atambasule mitu yawo kuti athe kupeza adani. Chovala chotalika kwambiri, chotchedwa ma pendenti, chimapangidwa pakhosi la nyama. Kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 30,
• mano akuthwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri kusiyanitsa. Chifukwa cha incisors zakuthwa, nyama zilibe chilichonse choti zingadye zomera zokhala ndi mizu. Amatulutsa udzu mosavuta ndi kukukuta mkamwa.

Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala (makamaka pamalo okwera), vicunas adayamba kumva bwino komanso kumva. Chifukwa cha mpweya wam'mapiri m'magazi mwawo mumakhala zowonjezera za hemoglobin, komanso mpweya wabwino.

Chifukwa cha deta yotere, ma vicunas (makamaka ali aang'ono) amafanana kwambiri ndi kope yayikulu ya chidole. Kufanana kumeneku kumathandizidwa ndi maso a batani ndi tsitsi lofewa, lakuda.

Kodi vicuna amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Vicuna m'chilengedwe

Kuyambira pachiyambire mpaka lero, vicenas akhala akukhala kumalo omwewo - Andes. Mapiri ali oyenera bwino moyo wonse wa nyama zokongola izi.

Mutha kukumana ndi nyama zakuthengo m'magawo angapo ku South America nthawi imodzi:

• Chile ndi dziko lomwe lili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa South America. Amapeza ntchito yopapatiza pakati pa Andes ndi Pacific Ocean. Apa, polemekeza nyama zangamila zomwe zidadzazidwa, adatcha Dera Lonse Loyang'anira, lomwe lili gawo la Elki,
• Dziko la Argentina ndi amodzi mwa mabungwe akuluakulu opezeka ku South America. Dziko la Argentina limalire ndi Andes ndi gawo lakumadzulo. Kumalire kuli mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapangidwe am'malo,
• Bolivia ndi dziko lamayiko ambiri lomwe lili mkati mwa South America. Malire ku Chile ndi Peru (kumadzulo), Argentina (kumwera), Paraguay (kummawa) ndi Brazil (kumpoto). Andes ndi malo okwera kumadzulo a republic,
• Peru ndi dziko la South America lomalire ndi Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia ndi Chile. Malo otsetsereka a Andes, omwe ali m'derali, m'malo ena amayamba pafupi ndi gombe. Malo okwera kwambiri kumapiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Mount Huascaran (kutalika - pafupifupi mikono 7,000),
• Ecuador ndi dziko kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America. Ndasambitsidwa ndi Nyanja ya Pacific. Imadutsa malire ndi Peru ndi Colombia. Kumadzulo chakumtunda komwe kuli m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumatera kumapiri a Andes. Pakati, mapiri awiri amapezeka nthawi imodzi: Eastern Cordillera ndi Western Cordillera,

Simungathe kukumana ndi malo pabwino paphiri. Nyama zimakonda kukhala kumapiri. Kutalika kwa "kwawo" kumayambira 3500 metres. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa vicunas ndi 5500 metres.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe vicuna amakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi vicuna amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Vicuna chinyama

Oimira furry a ngamila (monga abale awo onse m'banjamo) ndi herbivores. Amadyanso zakudya zokhazokha zokhazokha. Chifukwa chake, ku Andes, vicunas amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta. Zomera zochepa za m'mapiri sizingathe kupereka chakudya chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimakhutira ndizomera zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimagwira m'maso.

Vicunas amadya masamba, udzu, nthambi zazing'ono. Chosangalatsa kwambiri cha nyama izi ndi mphukira za mbewu za chimanga. Zomera zotere ndizosowa kwambiri mwanjira ya nyama. Koma vicuna amadya mosangalala, kukhutitsa njala yawo.

Chifukwa cha mano akuthwa, a vicunas “odula” masamba ndi nthambi zosapsa ndi kupukusa mbewu pakamwa pawo. Amadyanso chimodzimodzi monga ena onse oimilira pazoyimira. Kusuntha kwa m'nsagwada kumachitika pang'onopang'ono koma mokwanira. Vicunas sagwiritsa ntchito mizu yomera ngati chakudya, koma amakhutira ndi zipatso zake. Komanso, monga oimira ngamila, ngamila izi zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala yosalala (yamchere wambiri). Nyama zimasinthanso kukamwa kwamchere.

Momwemonso (masamba obiriwira), nyama zapakhomo nazonso zimadyetsedwa. Amadyetsa nyama ndi chakudya chopangidwa mwaluso chokhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yonse yofunikira ku vicunas.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Vicunas amakonda kukhala m'mabanja. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukumana ndi ngamila zopanda anthu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu a anthu 6-15 ndikusankha mtsogoleri - wamwamuna. Ndi pamapewa ake pomwe gawo lalikulu posamalira banja limapuma.

Mtsogoleri amayang'anira aliyense mu gululi. Ntchito zake zimaphatikizanso kuchenjeza banja lomwe latsala pang'ono kuwonongeka. Amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro china chake chokhachi. Akaona mlendo pamalowo, amathamangira kwa iye ndi kuyamba kulavulira nyamayo ndi udzu wopukutidwa. Nthawi zambiri misonkhano ngati imeneyi imatha. Nyamazo zimakankhana ndipo zimalimbana ndi miyendo.

Anthu onse m'banjamo agonjera mtsogoleriyo poyika mitu yawo kumbuyo. Kuchokera mwa akazi asanu mpaka khumi ndi asanu mwa amuna m'magulu a vicuna. Kukula kwa gawo lomwe anthu amakhala ndi vicunas kutengera kukula kwa banja ndi zomera. Nthawi zambiri, magulu amakhala m'malo a 15-20 kilomita. Nthawi yomweyo, malo onsewo amagawika magawo awiri akulu: "chipinda chogona" ndi msipu (pano pali nyumba yotsekera yomwe ili ndi malo a mita awiri, ndikuyang'ana gawo la banja).

Vicuna ndi nyama zodekha komanso zamtendere. Amakhala ndi moyo wakhama masana. Usiku, nyama zimapuma kuyambira pakudya masana ndikuyenda m'mapiri. Anthu awa amadziwika ndi mantha komanso chidwi. Kuchokera ku mantha, amapita mwachangu pobisalira - paphiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pakukwera mapiri, omwe akufikirako amafulumira kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 47 pa ola limodzi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Vicuna Cub

Vicuna amphaka mu kasupe (makamaka mu Marichi). Mkazi wothira feteleza amanyamula mtsogolo kwa miyezi 11. Pamapeto pa nyengoyi, mbadwa imodzi imabadwa. Kulemera kwa khanda kumachokera pa kilogalamu 4 mpaka 6.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Mwana wa Vicuni amatha kusuntha popanda mphindi 15 atabadwa! Zidole zimasiyanitsidwa ndimasewera, chidwi, kudekha.

Pambuyo pakuwongolera pambuyo pobala, zazikazi zimayamba masewera atsopano a mating. The vicuna amabadwa ndi mwana chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi mayi, ana ake ali ndi miyezi 10. Nthawi yonseyi, maziko azakudya ndi mkaka wa m'mawere. Mofananamo ndi izi, anyani amphaka pafupi ndi amayi awo, potero amakonzekeretsa ana kuti akule. Pofika miyezi 10, chisangalalo chachikazi chimachotsedwa.

Amuna okha amadziwika m'magulu atsopano. Izi sizichitika mwachangu, koma pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu (zaka 2). Amuna amathamangitsidwa mwezi umodzi kale. Amapita nthawi yomweyo kumoyo waulere. Kutalika kwa moyo wa vicunias kumadalira zinthu zakunja (zamasamba, zochita za anthu). Mu chilengedwe, nyama zimakhala zaka 15 mpaka 15.

Adani Achilengedwe Achilengedwe

Chithunzi: Vicuna aku Chile

Mu chilengedwe, vicunas imangokhala ndi adani awiri:

• nkhandwe yozungulira (kuchokera ku Chigriki. "galu wamtundu-wamfupi"). Chidani chachikulu ichi ndi woimira kwambiri azitsulo amene amakhala ku South America. Kunja, nyama imawoneka ngati nkhandwe yayikulu. Imakhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso thupi lalifupi. Imagwira makamaka nyama zazing'ono. Ku Andes, ozunzidwa ndi nkhwangwazo nthawi zambiri amakhala ana a vicuna, komanso oyimira okalamba (odwala) a mitundu,
• cougar (feline). Izi zodya mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo ndizoyimira kwambiri ma pumas. Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyanasiyana. Amakwera mapiri molimba mtima mpaka 4700 metres. Apa ndipamene amasaka. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo komanso kuthamanga kwawo, mitengo yamphongo imangofika mofulumira ndikuigwira.

Koma ngakhale chaphokoso kapena mmbulu wamphongo siziopseza anthu kuti ayambirenso kukhala ngati mwamunayo. Masiku ano, pali kutulutsidwa mwachangu, komanso kuphatikizira kwa ngamila zamtunduwu. Izi zimachitika pa chifukwa chimodzi - kufunitsitsa kotenga ubweya wodula wa nyama za Andean. Chifukwa cha izi, boma la mayiko omwe Vicunas amakhala kuti adakhazikitsa malamulo apadera otetezera mtunduwu. Pankhaniyi, kudula nyama sikuletsedwa.

Chosangalatsa: Vicuna amatha kuthamangitsa mtsogoleriyo "m'malo mwake". Nthawi yomweyo, saloledwa kukhalabe bambo wachotsedwa mu banja. Nyamayo imaweruzidwa kuti ichotsedwe kwa moyo wonse. Amakhala moyo wake wonse otsalira yekha.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Momwe ma vicunas amawonekera

Anthu a vicuna adasiyanasiyana kwambiri panthawi yawo. Ngati mu nthawi ya Inca mtundu uwu unalipo pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni, ndiye kumapeto kwa zaka zomalizira chiwerengerochi chinafika pa 6 miliyoni. Chifukwa chakuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa boma la Ecuador, Chile, Argentina ndi maiko ena, laletsa lamulo loletsa kugwira nyama izi, kupha kwawo ndi kugulitsa ubweya wofewa wa vicuna. Njira zotere zatsimikiza. Chiwerengero cha nyama chakwera pafupifupi 2000 zikwi.

Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za 90s (zaka zapitazo), kuletsa kumeta kwa vicunas kunachotsedwa. Masiku ano, anthu aku North America, atapeza ndalama zambiri pa ubweya wofewa wa nyama zodabwitsazi, amachita m'njira ziwiri:

• Gulu lankhondo lonse la vicunas lakhazikika (njira yoopsa kwa nyama, nyama ndizokonda ufulu ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala muukapolo),
• Amayendetsa gululo kuthengo, ndikudula nyamazo ndikuzimasulira (njira yofatsa kwambiri yopezera ubweya, yodziwika kuti "mwalamulo").

Ngakhale abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, ubweya wa vicuna ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Amayerekezera ndi silika ndipo ali okonzeka kupereka ndalama zamisala pazinthu zapadera. Komabe, kuti athe kugulitsa ubweya, muyenera kupeza chilolezo chapadera.

Mtengo wa ubweya wa vicunia umafotokozedwa ndi ulusi wake, womwe ndi wowonda kwambiri kuposa onse omwe amadziwika padziko lapansi. Dawo lawo ndi maikuloni 12 okha (poyerekeza, tsitsi la munthu limakhala lalikululi katatu). Zinthu zomwe zimasoka kuchokera ku ubweya wa vicuna (nthawi zambiri izi ndi zophikira, ma pullo, ma capes, masokosi) zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kosungirako kutentha ndi kupepuka kwapadera.

Kuyang'anira viconas

Chithunzi: Vicuna kuchokera ku Red Book

Ngakhale kusintha kwa anthu a vicuna, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilolezo zakudula kwawo, kuswana kwawo kwachangu ndi ntchito zapakhomo, nyama zalembedwa mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural. Njira zotetezera zamtunduwu ndizothandiza masiku ano. Komanso, zimagwirizana makamaka ndi kuphedwa kwathunthu (kupha) nyama. Kusaka moyo wazinyama zam'madzi izi kunachitidwa ndi nzika za Andes ndi cholinga chobweretsa nyama ngati nsembe kwa milungu. Nyama ya nyama siyayamikiridwa. Chifukwa chake, kupha sikunachitike lero (ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuteteza zolengedwa zomwe zimapereka ubweya wamtengo wapatali).

Lero mutha kukumana ndi malo osungira nyama ku Europe konse. Pali zinyama munkhokwe. Apa ngamila zamera bwino kwambiri ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabereka. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha ana obadwa kumalo osungira zinyama ndi pafupifupi anthu 20. Ambiri a iwo adachoka kumaderalo ndikupita kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

Sikuti maboma onse akhoza kupereka zofunikira pa nyama izi. Vicuna amafunikira dera lalikulu momwe mungakhalire moyo wokangalika. Malo osungira malo amodzi amatha kupereka malowa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yakuswana (mtunda ukakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazinyama), mabanja a vicuna amatumizidwa ku malo osungirako apadera a malo osamalira nyama okwera kwambiri.

Ma vicunas ang'onoang'ono ndiofanana nthawi yomweyo ndi zoseweretsa zokongola zam'madzi zomwe mukufuna kumata m'manja mwanu ndi ana aang'ono omwe akufunikira chitetezo ndi chisamaliro kwa akulu. Chifukwa choti aboma aku South America adayamba kugwira ngamila izi pakapita nthawi, banjali silinatheretu. Kuti izi zisachitike konse, anthu ayenera kulingalira tsopano kuti aphe nyama izi. Vicuna Siziwopseza anthu, imapereka ubweya wabwino kwambiri ndipo imakhala yosangalatsa nthawi zonse. Ndikosatheka kuwafafaniza ndipo palibe chifukwa!