Mitundu ya abakha amtchire Krokhal ndiyofala ku Russia ndi CIS. Kukula kwakukulu, kulemera kwabwino komanso kwamtundu wa anthu amakopa osaka a Altai Territory, zigawo za Urals, Chita ndi Irkutsk. Mbalame zamtchire zapaderazi zimasamukira kumayiko otentha nyengo yachisanu, nthawi zina mumatha kuziwona pa Nyanja ya Azov. Kodi oimira mdera lapakati pa Europe ndi otchuka ndi chifukwa chiyani ma subspecies ena adalowetsedwa mu Red Book?

Bakha Merganser

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Pali oimira ambiri amtunduwu, ophatikizika osiyanasiyana amakhala mu ukulu wa mayiko ambiri. Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, kusowa kwa zakudya, chikhalidwe ndi momwe amakhalira. Zomwe zimapangidwa mwazomwe zimapangidwa mu waterfowl ndizowunikidwa:

• mulomo walitali, womwe kukula kwake umapitirira pakati pa abale - mpaka 50. Kwa ophatikizika ambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, okhala ndi mbambo yokhala ngati mbedza kumapeto,
• Khosi lalitali,
• chimayenda pamutu wa nthenga, zopangidwa mwanjira yapadera,
• mawonekedwe okongola
• mapiko owonetsa
• chopindika chingwe chachitali,
• miyendo yayifupi, chala chakumaso cholumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yotupa.

Miyeso ya bakha imasiyana mitundu. Pali mitundu ya anthu omwe misa yawo siyoposa 0.7 kg, koma ophatikizidwa nthawi zambiri amafananizidwa ndi atsekwe ang'onoang'ono, omwe kulemera kwake ndi 1.5-2 kg. Kukula kwakukulu kumakopa osaka nyama osambira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Mapiko a anthu ena amafika mita, kutalika kwa thunthu ndi 60-65 cm.

Kapangidwe ka mulomo mu mbalame zamtundu wosiyana ndi kosiyana. Merganser, m'zakudya zomwe makamaka chimakhala chakudya chobzala, ili ndi mbale zapadera zomwe zimasefa chakudya. Mitundu ya abakha omwe amadya nsomba zambiri amakhala ndi ma pululeti osungidwa m'mano ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete mwa mulomo kuti agwire, kudula nyama.

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha mbalame ndi "kalilole" - dzina loyera pamapiko aliwonse a bakha. Pakuuluka mlengalenga, imawonekera bwino pamutu wa imvi. Mlomo wa mergansers ndi wofiira kwambiri. Mtundu wowoneka bwino wa manambala umafika pachimake kwambiri mu kasupe, ndikukhazikika kwa nyengo yakukhwima.

Mutu wa merganser wamwamuna umakhala wakuda, pamwamba pa khosi mumakhala kachitsulo wobiriwira. Kumbuyo kuchokera kukhosi kufikira mchira kumasintha mtundu wakuda kukhala mthunzi wopepuka wa imvi. Gawo lotsika la bakha limakhala loyera, nthawi zina limakhala ndi tingepi lofiirira.

Femganser yachikazi ndi yosiyana pang'ono ndi ma dr mumtundu wa maula, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe ofiira a khosi, kumbuyo kwa kamvekedwe kakang'ono. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, mitundu yowoneka bwino mu kavalidwe kabakha imasowa, ma plumage amakhala opanda nkhawa, osasinthika, omwe amafanana ndi nyengo yamvula komanso yozizira.

Mergansers nthawi zambiri amasungidwa awiriawiri, omwe amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pokhazizira nyengo yozizira nyama zambiri zimapangidwa, kuphatikiza mbalame zingapo. Nyengo yozizira yomwe mbalame zimatha kutengera nyengo.

Amakhalabe munyengo yachisanu m'magawo okhala ndi madzi opanda madzi oundana, amasamukira kumayiko otentha, ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka pagombe la Nyanja ya Azov. Kuti apulumuke, amagogoda pagulu lalikulu. Mergansers imayendayenda padziko lapansi ngati “bakha” wamba, kuchoka mbali imodzi kupita kwina. M'madzi ndi kuthawa, ali ndi chidaliro komanso mfulu, osambira okongola ndi owuluka.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala bakha merganser

Merganser – bakha, ozindikira komanso wodziwika kwa mlenje aliyense waku Europe. Pa chithunzi merganser nthawi zambiri imawoneka yokhumudwitsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalameyi ndi yotsogola bwino, imakonda kuyenda m'madzi ndipo imakonda kuuluka, mpaka kuya mpaka mamitala 2 mpaka 4, ngakhalebe kuti wogwirizira amafunikira nsomba pakadali pano kapena ayi.

Mawonekedwe a abakha awa akuphatikizira mlomo - wautali, wowala, wozungulira, wowongoka pang'ono kumapeto ndikuwazidwa ndi mano akuthwa m'mphepete zamkati, kuthandiza mbalamezo kuti zizisodza.

Amakhalanso ndi thupi lokwera bwino, pafupifupi mpaka 57-59 masentimita komanso khosi lalitali. Mapiko a abakha awa amatha kufikira 70-88 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumayambira 1200 mpaka 2480 magalamu, zomwe zimapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala zina mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri pakusaka.

Ponena za maula ambiri, zazikazi, monga mbalame zina zonse, ndizocheperapo komanso zopaka, zimachita imvi popanda malo a bulauni. Koma ma dr awa ndi osiyana, amawoneka wonyezimira wonyezimira wamutu pamutu, mawonekedwe akuda, mikwingwirima yoyera pamapiko komanso mthunzi wa nthenga zofiirira kumaso, ndipo mitundu ina pamakhalanso khosi loyera komanso chikwangwani.

Mbalame zotere, ngakhale zimasambira mosakhalitsa, ndizovuta kuziphonya pamadzi. Live abakha adakwawa, makamaka mumnyanja zamadzi oyera, pomwe ambiri amapangidwa Chithunzi, komanso osasunthika pakukhazikika mumtsinje wokhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono, ndipo ena amakhazikika pamiyala yam'nyanja, ngati alibe mafunde amphamvu.

Mutha kukumana ndi mbalameyi mbali zonse za dziko lapansi, kuzungulira kwina kulikonse kwanyengo ndi nyengo, komanso m'maiko ena, mwachitsanzo, Japan, kusaka kwa merganser oletsedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo mbalame zomwezo ndizotetezedwa kalekale padziko lonse lapansi zisanadziwike.

Khalidwe ndi moyo bakha merganser

Merganser – mbalame kusunthidwa, zisa za abakha izi zimaphimba malo onse a nkhalango ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja mu msewu wapakati. Kuyambira ku Western Europe ndikutha ndi Himalayas ndi Far East, ndipo apa amakhala nthawi yozizira m'mphepete mwa Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, kumwera kwa China, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kulikonse komwe kumatentha komanso komwe kuli nsomba.

Pakatikati, mbalame zimawulukira pakati pa yoyamba, makamaka nthawi yomweyo, zikafika pongopanga mphutsi, ndiko kuti, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Ponena za momwe mbalamezo ziliri, ndi abakha abwinobwino, mabanja, omwe amatha kuthamangitsa mdani wamkulu yemwe asankha kudya mazira awo kapena anapiye ang'ono. Kuchoka kwanyengo yachisanu kumayamba mochedwa, komanso kuzizira kwa madzi, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala.

Bakha Merganser

Merganser - bakha amangodya nyama, amangokhala pazomwe amasodza. Zakudya za mbalamezi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi nsomba, ndipo zimatha kuthana mosavuta ndi nsomba za 17-20 cm.

Abakha samanyalanyazanso zodutsa, crustaceans komanso ngakhale tizilombo. Pakusamukira kwa mbalamezi, zikaima, nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona kusodzi kwawo kosiyanasiyana.

Kanemayo ndiwowoneka bwino - gulu, lophatikizidwa kuchokera kusukulu zingapo za abakha mazana angapo, amasambira ngati gulu loyenda mbali imodzi, ndipo mwadzidzidzi, mbalame zonse zimatsika nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo nthawi imeneyo mbalame za m'madzi zimayenda mozungulira mumlengalenga, ngati kuti zimathandizidwa ndi mlengalenga ndipo zimagwira nsomba mwachangu pansi, zomwe zidawopsa abakha.

Mitundu ya bakha Merganser

Panali zovuta zina pakusanjidwa kwa abakha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndipo mitundu iwiri, Loot ndi American Crested, idapatsidwa mabanja ena. Chifukwa chake, mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya merganser, asanu okha ndi omwe adatsalira, omwe amodzi mwa iwo - Auckland - sanakhalepo omwe adakumana nawo kuyambira 1902 ndipo amawonedwa kuti ndi otha ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mitundu inayi yokha ndiyootsalira. merganserzomwe zalembedwa Buku lofiira.

• Merganser

Uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu wa abakha awa, wofanana ndi tsekwe yaying'ono. Ma Drakewo ali ndi utoto wowala, ndipo yokutidwa ndi mawere oyera ndi mchira. Dera lokhalamo zodzaza gawo lonse, kum'mawa ndi chakumadzulo, mbalame nyengo yachisanu kum'mwera kwa mapiri, koma kumadera ena a Central Asia, m'mphepete mwa mapiri a Himalayan komanso ku nyanja za California, ophatikizika amtunda amakhala, osawuluka.

Chithunzi chachikulu merganser

• Scaly Merganser

Ino ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri wabanja lonse la abakha awa. Hafu ya tola wake ali ngati chojambula cha zingwe zapamwamba, kapena masikelo. Ndi chifukwa chamawonekedwe awa pomwe bakha adalandira dzina.

Amuna okongola awa amakhala kum'mawa kokha, kumakhala zanyama kum'mawa kwa Russia ndi Russia kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, kumpoto kwa Japan, ndipo amawulukira nthawi yachisanu m'madzi ofunda a Southeast Asia.

Kwambiri kuthamanga ndi kusamalidwa kwa anthu onse a mergansers. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbalamezi kumachitika chifukwa choipitsa matupi amadzi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komwe kumaphwanya chilengedwe ndi ntchito zina za anthu.

Bakha wojambulidwa ndi scaly merganser

• Wokhala wamtali wamtundu wautali

Kapena, average merganser. Mitundu yotchuka komanso yotchuka kwambiri ya abakha awa. Mbalameyi ndiyokwanira pakati, kulemera kwake ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana masentimita 48-58. Koma mavenda amtunduwu ali ndi zambiri - 18-20, mosiyana ndi merganser wamkulu, yemwe ali ndi mano 12-16 okha. Izi ndichifukwa choti mulomo wa merganser wapakati umakhala wautali.

Pamalo opangira mbalamezi mbalamezi zimapezeka paliponse, kuyambira tundra mpaka nkhalango yam'mapiri, yomwe ilipo. Kupitilira pamenepo, amawulukira kumadera otentha akumpoto kwa madera otentha, koma m'mphepete mwa Western Europe, kuphatikizapo Great Britain, amakhala chaka chonse, kukhazikika.

Pamene ojambula a Middle Ages, ndi nthawi ina, mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za zana la 19, akuwonetsa zochitika za kusaka bakha - awa anali zithunzi zosaka makamaka za ophatikizana ataliatali. Lero simungathe kusaka mbalamezi.

Merganser wautali wokhala ndi ma Chick

• Merganser waku Brazil

Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yosowa. Chimakhala chokhacho ku Western Hemisphere, ngati mungafune ndi kupirira mtima ma abakha awa amatha kuwonekera m'madzi amtambo wa Paraguay, Brazil ndi Argentina.

Monga momwe akatswiri a ornithologists adadziwira, chiwerengero chonse sichingatheke kupitirira 300-350 mbalame, ndi 250 aiwo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo 200 amakhala kwathunthu ku Spain da Canastra nkhokwe ku Brazil. Kuwongolera kuchuluka ndi moyo wa abakha awa kwachitika mosalekeza kuyambira 2013.

Chaching'ono kwambiri pazophatikiza zonse - kulemera kwa mbalame kuyambira 550 mpaka 700 magalamu, kutalika kumafanana ndi kulemera. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake, mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda kuyenda pamtunda, abakha awa amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, ndipo amakonda kukhala m'malo obisika amitengo yayitali. Komabe, amadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi abale awo, kungoti amadzipezera okha usodzi.

Mu chithunzi, mbalame ya ku Brazil merganser

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: bakha wa Merganser

Bakha wokongola wakuthengo Merganser samadziwika osati ndi zowala zake zokha komanso zachilendo, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Kulemera kwa mbalamezi kumatha kufika kilogalamu ziwiri. Kulemera kogwira ntchito kwambiri kumachitika pakugwa. Mergansers ndi mbalame zosamukira. M'nyengo yozizira, amakonda kupita kumayiko ofunda. Komabe, nthawi zambiri nyengo yachisanu amadziwika ku Kamchatka, Primorye komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Azov.

Kanema: Duck Merganser

Bakha a Merganser ndi amtundu wa Anseriformes, chiwonetsero cha abakha enieni. Iwo ndi a banja la abakha ndipo adalekanitsidwa mu mtundu wina wa mergansers. Zomwe zimatulukira kuchokera kumtundu wina ndikupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya merganser. Onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, mawonekedwe ofanana, machitidwe ofanana ndi zakudya zomwe amakonda.

Zina mwazodziwika bwino za mergansers ndi:

• lalitali, lopapatiza komanso lopindika kumtunda kwa mulomo. Pamwamba pake, mutha kuwona kakang'ono kakang'ono kwambiri. Ndipo mmalo mwa mbale zabwino za bakha pamlomo (kutola chakudya chomera), abakha awa ali ndi mano akuthwa. Amapezeka m'mphepete ndipo adapangidwa kuti azitha kudya nsomba,
• khosi lokwera, torso. Chizindikiro chotere chimawapangitsa kukhala ofanana kwambiri ndi ma loons, ma grebes,
• kuchuluka kwa nsomba muzakudya. Mergansers samadya chakudya chomera,
• luso lotha kulumphira kwachilengedwe.

Kugawidwa kwa abakha a mergansers kwasintha mobwerezabwereza nthawi yonseyi.

Mpaka pano, ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa mitundu inayi ya mergansers:

• scaly. Izi ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri. Hafu ya thupi la mbalame yokhala ndi mbewa imafanana ndi chojambula. Mbalame zotere zimangokhala kum'mawa,
• chachikulu. Ndiwoyimira wamkulu kwambiri wa mergansers. Nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza iye ndi tsekwe. Zisa zazikulu za kum'mawa kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo,
• wautali. Kulemera kwa nyamayi ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, kutalika sikupitirira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu. Mtunduwu ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo umapezeka paliponse momwe amakhala, mergansers,
• Wachi Brazil. Mitundu yosowa kwambiri - chiwerengerocho sichidutsa anthu mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu. Zoweta kumadzulo kokha.

Kachikachiyama_box_-_ kopiya.jpg

Maenje oyambilira adapachikidwa mchaka cha 2000 ndipo mpaka 2003 adangogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chapaipi (chapompano "chitoliro"). Kuyambira 2003, ayika ng'ombe zazitali zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 65 cm, kuyambira 2008 adakulitsa mabokosi mpaka 85-90 masentimita, ndipo kuyambira 2012 adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi atali ndi njira yotsegulira yomwe idapangidwira mzimayi kuti atuluke. letek yayikulu. Pazonse, mabowo 253 amitundu yosiyanasiyana adapachikidwa, kutalika kwa dzenje sikudaposa zaka 14 kwa mabokosi ndi zaka 8 mapaipi.

Mpaka chaka cha 2014, wowonera adakwera mtengo kwinaku akuyang'ana nyumba ya mbalame ndipo, mwakutero, adaopa mbalame yomwe ili mbedza. Kuyambira mu 2014, adayamba kuyeserera kugwiritsa ntchito kanema wa kanema kuti ayang'ane mabowo, pamenepa, mayi wa nkhuku sanachotse chisa.

Zomwe zinachitika pakukopa ma scaly merganser ku zisa (zokumba) zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu NP Lazovsky Reserve Kolomiytsev, yemwe kuyambira nthawi ya 1981 mpaka 1985 anapachika mayenje pafupifupi 60 mu beseni la mtsinje. Kievka. Wolemba yemweyo adanenanso kuti pakhale poyikira bowo lotchedwa flake merganser, wotchedwa "Thumba la thumba", pambuyo pake linasintha. Mabowo amakopa mitsinje yowuma kokha pamitsinje yodula malo osefukira m'mphepete mwa mitsinje; m'madambo ogumuka omwe sanadulidwe, ma mergansers (monga nyama zina) sanakhalire m'maenje, mwina amakonda mabowo ambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Momwe chimakhala chosakanizira cha bakha

Maonekedwe a abakha a mergansers zimatengera mitundu yawo. Komabe, pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pali mitundu yofanana yamatomiki ndi yakunja. Chifukwa chake, ophatikiza onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyeso yochititsa chidwi. Kutalika kwawo, pafupifupi, pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Kulemera kwa mbalame zotere kumatha kufika ma kilogalamu awiri. Mapiko a merganser amapitilira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Komabe, izi ndi zizindikiro zapakatikati, chifukwa m'chilengedwe mumakhala anthu amitundu yaying'ono.

Komanso chizindikiritso cha mergansers ndi mulomo wopyapyala komanso wautali, womwe umakutidwa kumapeto. M'mphepete mwa mlomo wotere ndi mano ang'ono. Amathandizira nyamayi kugwira ndikudya nsomba. Abakha awa ali ndi khosi lalitali, lomwe silimadziwika ndi ena a banja. Miyendo ya mergansers ndiyofupikitsa, yokhala ndi tsamba lalikululo. Mchira wake ndi wozungulira, wamfupi. Mapikowo adawonetsedwa mawonekedwe.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mosiyana ndi abakha ena, ma mergansers samadyedwa nthawi zambiri. Nyama ya abakha amtchireyi amatha kupatsirana kachilombo, ndipo imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. The tapeworm imatha kukula mthupi la munthu mpaka ma mita angapo.

Chizindikiro kwambiri cha mergansers ndi mtundu wochititsa chidwi wa nthenga. Mitundu yonse ya abakha awa imapakidwa utoto wapadera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, merganser wamkulu amapakidwa utoto wakuda, imvi, utoto woyera. Mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wa maolivi, wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Kumbuyo kwa nyamayi kumakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yoyera, yomwe ndi yokumbutsa kwambiri mamba. Brazil Merganser ali ndi mlomo wofiyira wowoneka bwino, wopanda tsitsi m'mutu ndi khosi, chifuwa chakuda chofiirira komanso cham'maso.

Kodi bakha merganser amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: bakha wa Merganser ku Russia

Bakha wa Merganser amamuwona ngati mbalame yosamukasamuka, koma sizowona konse. Mitundu ina imakonda kukhala pansi. Zamoyo, mbalamezi zimasankha madera omwe kumatentha ndi kotentha. M'chilimwe, amakhala ku kontinenti ya Europe, m'chigawo chake chapakati. Mergansers amawoneka kumeneko kumayambiriro kwamasika.Nthawi zonse amafika pafupifupi koyambirira, msewu ukangotha ​​kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimasiyira malo okhala omaliza - nyengo yozizira ikadzafika ndipo matupi onse amadzi amaundana.

Ogulitsa amakonda kusankha malo okhala m'nkhalango kuti adzakhalemo chisa. Koma nthawi zina zisa zawo zimatha kupezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ngakhale m'mapiri. Kusiyana kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mitundu yambiri ndi subspecies ya merganser. Chofunikira chofunikira posankha malo a mbalamezi ndi kupezeka kwa madzi pafupi ndi komwe chakudya amapezeka ndi chakudya choyenera. Mbalame izi zimadya nsomba. Malo okhala zachilengedwe abakha a merganser ndi ochulukirapo, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame.

Mulinso:

• China. Malo okha omwe mumapezeka nsomba zambiri,
• hemispheres akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, Central Asia, nyanja za California, mapiri a Himalayan. Woimira wamkulu wa abakha, merganser wamkulu, amakhala m'maderawa. Nthawi yomweyo, m'malo ena ophatikizika amakhala,
• Kumpoto kakutali kwa Russia, Kumpoto kwa Japan, Southeast of Asia. Umu ndi malo achilengedwe a scaly mergansers,
• gombe la Western Europe, UK. Pali mtundu wamtali wamtali,
• matupi amadzi a Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil. Gawoli limakhala anthu osowa kwambiri a merganser - aku Brazil.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe bakha amakhala. Tiwone zomwe mbalameyi idya.

Zabwino kapena ayi?

Nyama yakudya bakha. Chifukwa chakuti mbalameyi imadya nsomba, imakhala ndi fungo lochepa pang'ono, lakuda bii. Akasaka ena amakhulupirira kuti sizomveka kusaka mbalame yakuthengoyi. Mukachotsa khungu ndi mafuta ochepa, palibe nyama yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imawonekera pansi pake. Nyama ya Merganser ndi yovuta, koma kuti mukwaniritse kukoma koposa, ndibwino kuti muziiphika ndi nyama ya mbalame ina. Koma awa ndi malingaliro chabe a asaka ena.

Kodi abakha merganser amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Bakha wamtchire Merganser

Ngati abakha ambiri amadya zakudya zamtchire kapena amadyera mosakaniza, ndiye kuti ma mergansers amangodya nyama zokha. Amadyetsa zomwe amapeza akusodza. Abakha amtunduwu amatha kuthana ndi nsomba mosavuta, kutalika kwake komwe kumafika masentimita makumi awiri. Amakhala ndi mlomo mwanzeru, osiyanasiyana. Njira yophera nsomba ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Choyamba, abakha amatsitsa mitu yawo pansi pa madzi, kufunafuna nsomba yoyenera. Kenako amasambira mwachangu, ndikugwira nsombazo ndi milomo yawo. Mergansers imamverera bwino pansi pamadzi. Amatha kusamukira kumeneko mwachangu, ndikutembenuka.

M'nyengo yotentha, abakha aana amatha kusaka yekha, ndipo nthawi yosamukira nthawi zambiri amapita kukasodza asodzi. Ichi ndi chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mbalamezo zimakhazikika pamzera umodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimawombera nyama. Kusodza kophatikiza kotereku kumatha kukhala abakha mazana angapo.

Chosangalatsa: Kupezeka kwa chakudya ndiye njira yayikulu yosankhira malo okhala. Ma Mergansers samawulukira kumadera akummwera kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, ngati m'malo mwa chisa chawo maiwewo samakutidwa ndi ayezi, ndipo amatha kuwedza.

Maziko a zakudya za mergansers zakutchire, monga taonera kale, ndi nsomba. Abakha amagwira pama eels, trout, pikes, nsomba, barbs. Nsombazi zimakhala chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu komanso achikulire. Ophatikiza pang'ono amadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono. Komanso ma mergansers samanyoza nzika zina zam'madzi. Amadya nkhono, nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, tizilombo tambiri ta m'madzi, ndi mphutsi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Abakha Merganser mwachilengedwe

Mitundu yambiri ya merganser imakhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka. Mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yotentha, amakhala m'malo omwe amakhala, omwe amapezeka pakatikati pa Europe, ndipo amawulukira kumadera akumwera nthawi yozizira. Komabe, nyengo yachisanu, mbalame zimawuluka pakati kokha kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, matupi amadzi akayamba kuphimbidwa ndi ayezi. Amabweranso molawirira kwambiri. M'malo ena okhala zachilengedwe, amatha kuwoneka kumapeto kwa February. Kummwera, mbalamezi zimawuluka gulu lalikulu, ndikubwerera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe sikupitirira makumi awiri.

M'malo mokakamiza abakha osakanikirana ikani zofunikira zingapo. Amakonda kumanga "nyumba" zawo m'mapiri kapena m'nkhalango, kutali ndi anthu. Koma nthawi zina zisa za mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka m'malo ena. Chofunikira china ndicho kupezeka kwa nyanja kapena mtsinje wokhala ndi madzi oyera ndi nsomba zambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa abakha amakhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse m'madzi. Mmenemo amapuma, amakhala pansi padzuwa ndikusaka nsomba, zomwe zimapanga chakudya chamasiku onse.

Mwachilengedwe, abakha awa samasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okoma mtima komanso osangalala kwambiri. Ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri, zolumikizana ndi nyama zina ndi anthu. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri amayesa kuletsa mbalame zamtchire powadyetsa mkate. Bakha wa Merganser - banja. Amakhala nthawi yambiri ndi ana ake, akumusamalira bwino. Pakakhala ngozi, mbalameyo imatha kubweza mosavuta munthu wolakwayo, yemwe adaganiza zodya zazing'ono zazing'ono kapena kuyikira mazira.

Kubalanso bakha wa moyo wautali

Merganser, abakha am'banja, banja limakula atatha kutha msinkhu. Kubwera pafupifupi zaka 1.5-2.5 komanso moyo. Kuti apange mtundu wawo womwe, adadumpha, kumene.

Amamanga zisa - maudzu atali kwambiri, m'maenje a mitengo, m'miyala kapena m'zinthu zoponyedwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, m'bwatolo lopanda mafuta kapena chotsalira kuchokeragalimoto. Chisa nthawi zonse chimakutidwa ndi pansi ndipo sichikupitilira kilomita kuchokera kuchoseramo.

Bakha anagona mazira 6 mpaka 18, ndi kuwaswa iwo masiku 30 mpaka 40. Amayi okha ndi omwe amachita izi, ma drake panthawiyi amakhala mosiyana ndipo, monga lamulo, kusungunuka kwawo kwakukulu kumachitika nthawi imeneyi.

Pa chithunzichi pali chisa cha mitengo

Amphaka amaswa kale, amakhala masiku awiri kapena atatu chisa, kenako amapita ndi mkaziyo kumadzi ndikuyamba kusambira koyamba m'moyo wawo, pomwe amayeserera kunyamula. Kudzisodza kwa ana agogo kumachitika atakwanitsa masiku 10-12.

Kuyambira pomwe ana aakazi amachoka pachisa mpaka kuthawa koyamba, zimatenga masiku 55 mpaka 65, nthawi zina motalika. Komanso, mu mbalame zomwe zimakhala, nthawi imeneyi imakulitsidwa ndipo imayambira 70 mpaka 80 masiku, ndipo osamukira nthawi zina amatha masiku 50. M'malo abwino, ophatikizika amakhala zaka 12 mpaka 15, ndipo mbalame zomwe zimatsogola, zaka zawo zimatha kufikira zaka 16 mpaka 17.

Zolemba

• C. Carboneras 1992. Banja Anatidae (Amphaka, Aesee ndi Swans) ku del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J., ed.
  Vol. 1. // Buku la World birds = Buku lamanja la mbalame zadziko lapansi. - Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1992 .-- S. 626. - ISBN 84-96553-42-6.
• Richard M. DeGraaf, Mariko Yamasaki.
  Zinyama zakutchire ku New England: malo okhalamo, mbiri yakale, ndikugawa. - UPNE, 2000 .-- S. 108. - 496 p. - ISBN 0874519578.
• A John Gooders, a Trevor Boyer.
  Mabakha a Britain ndi North Hemisphere. - London: Collins & Brown, 1997 .-- S. 163-165. - ISBN 1855855704. (Chingerezi)
• Derek A. Scott, Paul M. Rose.
  Atlas ya bakha ambiri ku Africa ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe - Atlas ya anthu aku Anatidae ku Africa ndi Western Eurasia. - Wetlands International, 1996 .-- S. 229-232. - 336 tsa. - ISBN 1 900442 09 4. (Chingerezi)
• G.P. Dementiev, N.A. Gladkov.
  Mbalame za ku Soviet Union. - Sayansi ya Soviet, 1953. - T. 4. - S. 598-606. - 635 s.
• V.I. Lysenko.
  Gawo 5 - Mbalame. Vol. 3 - Anseriformes // Fauna aku Ukraine. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991.
• V.K. Ryabitsev.
  Mbalame za ku Urals, Cisurals ndi Western Siberia: Zowongolera-zowunikira. - Yekaterinburg: Kusindikiza Nyumba Ural. Univ., 2001 .-- S. 88-89. - 608 tsa. - ISBN 5-7525-0825-8.
• L. S. Stepanyan.
  Synopsis wa zilolezo zapamwamba za Russia ndi madera oyandikana nawo. - Moscow: Buku la Maphunziro, 2003 .-- 808 p. - ISBN 5-94628-093-7.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Merganser bakha ana

Bakha wa Merganser ndi nyama yabanja. Atafika paunyamata, amaphatikizidwa awiriawiri. Kucha kumachitika pafupifupi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wokhala ndi thunzi. Maanja abakha amamanga zisa zawo mu udzu wautali kwambiri, m'mapanga, nyumba zosiyidwa ndi zotayika, m'maenje. Nthawi zina zisa za ma mergansers zimapezeka ngakhale m'miyala yamagalimoto yoyenda kale. Abakha samayika zisa zawo kupitirira kilomita imodzi kuchokera kuchosungira kuti azitha kupita kumadzi ndi kudya mwachangu.

Iwo adawumiriza zisa zawo mwachimvekere. M mazira asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu amayikidwa mmenemo. Abakha ayenera kuwaswa mazira pafupifupi masiku makumi anayi. Chitani kokha akazi. Pakadali pano, anyaniwa amakhala mosiyana ndi mabanja awo. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yomwe mphindi yake imasungunuka. Wamkazi samachoka pachisa. Kungofuna kusaka ndi kudya. Nthawi yonseyi iye akwatirira anapiye ake amtsogolo.

Chosangalatsa: Kuthengo, ophatikizika amatha kukhala ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Mitundu yotsogolera kukhazikika pamtunda imakhala yayitali - pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Chingwe chimabowola pansi. Amayamba kupanga mwachangu kwambiri. Amakhala masiku ochepa chisa, kenako amapita ndi amayi awo kumadzi. Pafupifupi tsiku lachinayi kapena lachisanu atabadwa, abwana aang'ono amasambira. Patsiku la 12, ana abwana amatha kale kuyamba kudziyimira pawokha. Amayang'ana ndikugwira nsomba zazing'ono, mwachangu. Kuti aphunzire kuuluka, ana agogo amafunika nthawi yambiri. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu zimatha ndege yoyamba isanachitike.

Adani achilengedwe a abakha a merganser

Chithunzi: bakha wa Merganser

Bakha wa Merganser siophweka kwa adani achilengedwe. Ili ndi miyeso yayikulu, mlomo wakuthwa, mano owongoka. Amatha kudziteteza ndi ana ake. Komabe, abakha nthawi zambiri sangathe kugonjetsa wotsutsa.

Pakati pa adani achilengedwe oopsa a mergansers ndi awa:

• ankhandwe ndi agalu achinja. Izi zimadyera zisa za mbalame, kusaka ndi kudya akuluakulu. Amayang'anira zisa za mergansers ndi fungo,
• mbalame zolusa. Choopsa chachikulu ndi akhwangwala, akambuku, mbewa zazikulu, chiwombankhanga, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, mphutsi. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuphatira kapena ana agalu,
• ma otter, mink, martens, amphaka amtchire. Zidyamakanda sizitha kupha ophatikizana, chifukwa kwa iwo bakha ma kilogalamu awiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo,
• zobwezeretsa zina. Nyama zambiri amadya mazira ndi ana aang ono, pomwe amayi awo amayenda kupita ku dziwe.

Mitundu ina ya abakha imafa chifukwa cha nsomba zazikulu. Mergansers samakonda kuukira ophatikizana oterowo. Bakha wamtunduwu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu. Anthu amasakabe nyama zosakanikirana ndipo amawapha unyinji. Pafupifupi mlenje aliyense amalota nyama ngati imeneyi, chifukwa abakha merganser ndi okongola kwambiri. Kusaka kotereku kwadzetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu a merganser m'malo onse achilengedwe.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Momwe chimakhala chosakanizira cha bakha

Bakha wa Merganser ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale kukhazikika kwa anthu wamba, mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi ili pangozi. M'mayiko ambiri, bakha amazindikiridwa kuti ali pangozi, adalembedwa mu Red Book.

Kodi chifukwa chake mitunduyi imatha? Akatswiri azachilengedwe komanso asayansi ena atchulapo zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa ophatikizika.

• kuwombera kosalamulirika ndi osaka. Ngakhale kuletsa ndi kuteteza mbalamezi, kuwombera kwa mergansers kukupitilizabe. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha nyama,
• kuipitsa kwamadzi. Kwa moyo wautali, merganser amafunika madzi oyera, nsomba. Matupi amadzi m'maiko ambiri ali ndi uve kwambiri, chakudya cha abakha chikucheperachepera. Chakudya chimadwalanso, chomwe chimawononga thanzi la mbalame,
• kudula mitengo. Mitundu yambiri ya merganser imakhala m'nkhalango zomwe zili pafupi ndi dziwe. Kudula mitengo mwachhilengedwe kumathandiza kuti mbalame zisamange chisa komanso kuswana,
• ntchito yogwira anthu. Anthu amaipitsa mpweya, dothi, kupanga nyama zamtchire mwachangu.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimayambitsa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono koma motsimikiza kwa chiwerengero cha mergansers. Komanso abakha ambiri oterewa amafa nthawi yayitali. Abakha, kutsogola njira yokhazikika, kumakhala nthawi yayitali.

Moyo & Habitat

Mitundu ingapo yamapulogalamu imathandizira ophatikizana kuti azikhala malo okhala, kuti azikhala moyo wakhazikika komanso wosamukasamuka. Mutha kukumana ndi abakha ku North America, kudera la Central, Northern Eurasia.

Mu kasupe, mergansers amafika ndi malo atadulidwa, mutangoyamba kupangira chitsamba chowononga - mu February, koyambirira kwa Marichi. Thawani kutali pamene maiwe ali okutidwa ndi ayezi, kumapeto kwa Okutobala, Novembala. Gulu la magulu ochokera pagulu la anthu ambiri limafunikira mphamvu ndi kupirira kwa mbalame. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, maiwe samawuma, ndiye kuti mbalame sizichoka m'malo okhalamo.

Mitundu yonse ya mergansers imasambira bwino, kusambira. Mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe kuti zibisike kumera zam'mphepete mwa ngozi. Amadyanso nsomba zazing'ono, amazisenda pambuyo pake mpaka akuya mpaka 4 m.

Pansi pa madzi, abakha amatha kugwira mpaka mphindi 3, kusambira kuposa mamilimita 10. Pakusaka kwabwinobwino, merganser yogwira nsomba imodzi imatenga masekondi 15-30. Mbalame zimasuntha mwachangu, zimatembenuka molimba, zikuwonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya abakha amakonda madzi abwino ochokera kunyanja ndi mitsinje. Madziwe am'madzi amtunduwu amasankhidwa kuti akhale aukhondo, chakudya chochuluka. Mbalame zimafunikira malo okhala nkhalango kuti zisitere, popeza ophatikizana nthawi zambiri amasankha mabowo akale, zisa zina za mbalame zina kuti azizisaka.

Mukakonzekera mbalame, malo ndi ofunikira kuti musayendetsedwe, chifukwa chachikulu merganser chimakonda kukhazikika m'malo okwezeka, pansi. Mtundu wa merganser wautali-wamtondo umakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'malo achilumba, abakha amasungidwa pafupi ndi miyala pomwe mungathawire pangozi.

Zimagwirizanitsa mbalame molting nthawi. Makamu akulu amasonkhana, monga lamulo, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi a anthu makumi angapo. Mbalame ya Merganser, mitundu ina yomwe yalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Ndi mitundu yokhazikika ya mergansers yayitali komanso yayitali, kuwasaka iwo kumaloledwa kulikonse kumapeto.

Kodi kuphika bakha merganser?

Zokoma kapena ayi bakha merganser? Nyama ya mbalameyi imaposa kukoma kwake. Ngakhale izi, masewerawa ndi otchuka pakati pa osaka. Kupatula apo, bakha wophika ndi chimodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri holide. Nyama ya mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imaphikidwa mu uvuni. Chimakhala chokoma makamaka ngati chaphikidwa bwino kapena kuphika bwino. Pa maholide a Chaka Chatsopano ndi Khrisimasi, bakha amaphika mu uvuni. Mukaphika mbalame yonse, mutha kuyiphika. Kwa izi, maapulo, malalanje, kabichi, zipatso zouma ndizoyenera. Ziyenera kukhala zakudya zamafuta.

Ndi mbalame yonenepa yokha yomwe ndiyenera kuphika. Kulemera koyenera ndi ma kilogalamu 2.5. Merganser amafika kulemera kotereku nthawi yozizira. Asanaphike, mtembo uyenera kutsukidwa bwino pansi pamadzi, kumata, kuwuma, kusenda, kusenda mchere, kudzola mafuta ndi zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana, adyo mkati ndi kunja, ndikudzazidwa ndi kuphika. M'mphepete mwa mtembowo amasoka pamodzi ndi ulusi, ndipo pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi mafuta a masamba. Bakha amaphika kwa maola angapo, kutengera ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo. Amawerengeredwa motere: 1 makilogalamu = mphindi 45, kuphatikiza mphindi 25, kotero kuti kutumphuka kumakhala bulauni. Musanayike bakha mu uvuni, muyenera kutenthetsa komaliza.

Ngati nyamayo yophika, onetsetsani kudula bulu - izi zipulumutsa mbale ku fungo losasangalatsa. Kupatsa mtima mwachangu ndi juicness, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere malalanje, prunes, lingonberry kuti mudzaze. Pakuphika, bakha nthawi zina amayenera kutuluka ndikuthiridwa ndi mafuta, omwe amapangidwa munjira.

Mumtundu wa mergansers, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi imasiyanitsidwa, mwa mitundu inayi yomwe imapezeka ku Russia:

• chaching'ono, kapena kulanda,
• chachikulu merganser,
• wautali (wapakati),
• scaly.

Osiyanasiyana a ku Brazil ndi crested mergansers amakhala ku United States ndi Brazil. Mitundu ya Auckland Merganser yatha. Bakha ankakhala ku New Zealand mpaka nkhumba ndi mbuzi zamtchire zimabwera kumeneko. Pakadali pano, ndi mbalame zodzuka zokha zomwe zimatha kuwoneka muzinyumba zakunyumba.

Little Merganser (loot). Ang'ono kukula, otsika kwa abale kukula. Kulemera kumangokhala 50-700 g, anthu omwe akulemera 800- 900 g ndi osowa. Zokongoletsera za mbalame ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri kumbuyo kwa mutu.

Malo okhala ndi zokopa amapezeka kudera la Siberia, Karelia, Far East, gawo la ku Europe la Russia. Abakha amakonda madera okhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu, nyanja zamchere zomwe zili ndi madzi abwino.

M'nyengo yozizira, amawonekera m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, m'maiko a Central Asia, Japan, ndi China. Mbalame zakukhazikika zimakhala m'mphepete mwa ayezi, m'madzi opanda madzi oundana.

Chovala chokomacho cha amuna chimadabwitsa ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa mtundu wa phulusa loyera ndi mawonekedwe akuda, kutuwa kwamtambo mbali. Mlomo, nsapato za mthunzi wotsogolera. Pali malo akuda pansi pa maso. Zovala zachikazi ndizovala za imvi zokhala ndi chipewa chofiirira pamutu pawo.

Kuledzera kwa ma mergansers ang'onoang'ono kumayamba nthawi yachisanu, amawuluka kupita ku zisa awiriawiri. Mbidzi zimakhala ndi zisa zomwe mbalame zina zimasiya. Kusungidwa ndi amuna a abakha awo kumakhala dzira lomaliza, kenako nkuwuluka. Akazi nthawi zina samaswa ana awo okha, komanso mazira a gogol okhudzana.

Merganser. Bakha m'malo omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amatchedwa njati, yofiyira yofiira. Ku Russia, mafoni am'madzi amapezeka pamitsinje yosalala, nyanja zopezeka ku Southern Urals, Altai, Sakhalin, Kamchatka.

Amakonzanso madzi abwino, amapewa nyanja. Mayina amtunduwu amatsimikizira kukula kwakukulu kwa bakha - oposa 2 kg. Chochititsa chidwi pakati pa amuna ndi kusowa kwa crest.

Mutu wakuda, khosi lotayirira lokongoletsa ndi zitsulo zowoneka bwino. Mbali, m'mimba, ndi gawo la mapikowo ndi zoyera. Zachikazi, mosiyana ndi ma drive, zimakhala ndi mutu wofiyira. Pakati pa mergansers akulu, mitundu itatu imasiyanitsidwa: wamba, North America, Himalayan. Awiri oyamba amapezeka mdziko lathu.

Wokhala wautali-wapakati (wapakatikati) merganser. Mtundu wa mbalame yosamukira komwe sikukhala moyo wongokhala. Merganser kufalitsidwa kwambiri m'maiko aku Europe, ku Baltic States, ku peninsula ya Scandinavia.

Imapezeka ku Russia kudera la Siberia, pa zilumba za Solovetsky, ku Karelia, ku Urals. Wokhala wamtali wamtundu wautali imakonda magombe a nyanja, nyanja za tundra, malo azisumbu. Kusambira kwakukuru ndi kusiyanasiyana. Chingwe chakuda chakuda chimapakidwa utoto wamtambo wakuda ndi mapiko oyera, mzere kudutsa mbali za mbalame.

Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli kununkhira kawiri. Akazi ndi a bulauni, okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtali ndi amdima. Ma mergansers apakatikati amasiyana ndi anansi awo pamwambo wachuma wolemera ndi kumizidwa kumutu m'madzi, kukutira, mapiko akuuluka.

Scaly Merganser. Mbalame yachilendo imatsogolera moyo wakhazikika pagombe la Bering Sea, imapezeka m'mitsinje yamapiri ku China, Manchuria. Bakha amasankha malo okhala ndi nsomba zambiri, zomwe zimazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zowuma. Nthenga zodabwitsa za nthenga zopyapyala ndizitali kuposa za mergansers zokhudzana nazo.

Gawo lakuda la utoto limakhala ndi tint ya maolivi, ndipo kuwala - ndi tint yofiirira. Dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi kusinthana kumbuyo kwa mizere yaimvi-oyera, kuchokera kutali ofanana ndi mamba. Mu Buku Lofiyira, scaly merganser akuwonetsedwa ndi mtundu wa "mitundu yomwe ili pangozi". Chiwerengero chaching'ono sichiri oposa mbalame 1.5.

Merganser waku Brazil. Utoto wake imakhala imvi, phulusa, mutu, khosi, kumbuyo kwa mthunzi wakuda. Drakeyo ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi. Amagwira pamtunda molimba mtima, koma amangodyetsa zomwe amapeza m'madzi. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama ku Brazil, zili pafupi kutha. Chiwerengero chonsecho sichotsika mbalame 260 zamtunduwu.

Crested Merganser. Ndikosatheka kusokoneza mtunduwu ndi abale ena, ndizopeka kwambiri. Chikhulupiriro chambiri chimakwera pamutu wa mbalame, zomwe zimayamba kwambiri nthawi yaposachedwa. Mwa amuna, mtundu wa zokongoletsera ndi wakuda ndi woyera, ndipo mwa akazi ndi ofiira. Mutha kuwona bakha wachilendo ku North America m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamchere, mitsinje.

Chitetezo cha bakha wa Merganser

Chithunzi: Duck Merganser kuchokera ku Red Book

Mitundu ya mergansers sitha kutchedwa yambiri, koma anthu ake onse amakhala osasunthika. Komabe, mitundu ina ya abakha oterewa ili pafupi kutha, yalembedwa mu Red Book m'maiko ambiri ndipo imafuna chitetezo. Mitundu yocheperako komanso yomwe ili pangozi imaphatikizapo scaly ndi Brazil mergansers. Bakha akuluakulu komanso ataliatali ali pachiwopsezo masiku ano, amasunga anthu okwanira m'chilengedwe chonse.

Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kuteteza abakha a mergansers ndikuyambiranso kuchuluka kwawo:

• kuyang'anira mosalekeza. Asayansi amayang'anira mosamala momwe zinthu zilili masiku ano, amasaka kuchuluka kwa abakha, thanzi lawo. Amasanthula zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi,
• Kupanga mapaki otetezedwa. Kwa abakha awa, mapaki apadera amapangidwa ndi zonse zofunika. Pamenepo, mbalame zimakhala zotetezeka kwa maola 24,
  kuswana kwa mbalame muukapolo.

Chochititsa chidwi: Tsoka ilo, mitundu ina ya merganser tsopano yatha. Chifukwa chake, Oakland merganser tsopano imatha kuwonekera mnyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zokha. Mbuzi zamtchire, amphaka ndi nkhumba ndizoyambitsa kufa kwake.

Bakha merganser - Cholengedwa chapadera komanso chokongola kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Izi mafoni am'madzi ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, owala, zizolowezi zosangalatsa. Agawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi njira yakeyake. Mitundu yambiri ya merganser masiku ano ili pachiwopsezo, motero ntchito ya anthu ndikuwateteza ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anthu.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kaonekedwe kake

Pakati pa abakha amtchire, mallard ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Pofika nthawi yophukira, Drake amapeza kulemera kwa 2 kg. M'nyengo yotentha, sizidutsa 1.5 kg. Akazi amalemera mpaka 1.4 kg. Kulemera komanso kukula kwa mbalame zimakhudzidwa ndi zakudya. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa bakha kuyambira mlomo mpaka mchira ndi 60 cm, ndipo mapikowo ndi 26-27 cm.

Mtundu wa ma drake ndi akazi ndiosiyana kwambiri motero nkovuta kukhulupirira kuti ndi amtundu womwewo. Zachikazi zimakongoletsedwa mu mitundu ya malo - izi ndizithunzi za bulauni ndi zofiira. Mimba imakutidwa ndi nthenga za mtundu wakuda kwambiri. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wa maolivi kapena wamtundu wakuda, mapazi owoneka ngati lalanje.

Drake ya Mallard imakongoletsedwa ndi maula owala. Mutu ndi khosi la mbalamezi ndizakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zobiriwira, zomwe zimapatsa utoto wa lalanje. Pali mzere woyera pakhosi. Zoyenda ndi chifuwa champhongo zimapakidwa utoto wamatumba. Gawo lamunsi la mlandu limakhala ndi imvi. Miyendo ndi mulomo wamayimbidwewa ndi utoto wofanana ndi wa akazi.

Pakongoletsa ma drake ndi akazi, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, awa ndi magalasi okhala ndi mapapo apamwamba kumapiko - amawonekera bwino pamene abakha amachotsa kapena kugwedeza mapiko awo. Ana oyamwa amapaka utoto wachikaso wakuda.

Zithunzi: bakha wa Mallard (zithunzi 25)

Mallard Habitat

Monga abakha onse, anthu okhala m'misika kumakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi:

• Ma Swamp.
• Nyanja zosaya.
• Mitsinje yoyenda mozungulira.

Chofunikira pakusankha malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa mabango, tchire, ndi mitengo yayikulu ya mitengo yakugwa pagombe. Zonsezi zimateteza mbalame ku zilombo zomwe zimadyera komanso zimathandizira kuteteza ana mosatekeseka. M'malo opezeka matupi amadzi, bakha wosweka sapezeka konse. Ngakhale bwalo wamtchire wamtchire ndi wamantha, amadziwika m'madziwe. Mbalame zodyetsedwa ndi anthu zimachita molimba mtima komanso zimasambira kwambiri pafupi ndi chakudya. Mallard ndi mbalame yosamukira pang'ono. Amakhala nthawi yozizira kumadera otentha:

1. Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
2. Pafupi ndi East.
3. Kumpoto India
4. South China

Ngati nthawi yozizira ili yofatsa, gawo lina la abakha silikuwuluka, koma khalani m'malo osungira ozizira.

Kodi bakha waku Mallard amadya chiyani?

Bakha wamtchire samakonda kudya - amadya zomwe zimapezeka mu dziwe:

Duckweed, yemwe amakoka maiwe ndi madzi osasunthika, ndimtengo wapadera wa abakha. Nthawi zina mbalame kulowa pansi pa madzi - mchira wokha womwe umakhala ndi mawondo pamwamba. Anatukula mutu, iwo phatikizani pansi pa dziwe pofufuza chakudya. Njira yopezera chakudya pang'ono ndi yomwe imazindikira malo okhalamo - kuya kwa posungira kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mbalameyo imafike pansi ndi mulomo.

M'nyengo yotentha, abakha amabwezanso zakudya ndi chimanga, kuti nthawi zina azitha kuyendera minda ya tirigu, rye ndi mbewu zina.

Kuswana abakha

Mbalame zimafika kukhwima ali ndi zaka chimodzi. Mukugwa, mallards amagawika awiriawiri - chifukwa chake amalolera nyengo yachisanu. Kutengera ndi dera lomwe akukhala komanso kufunika kosamukira, nthawi yobereketsa ingasiyane kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti.

Nthawi ikakwana Drake pamodzi ndi mkaziyo amamanga chisa mita pang'ono kuchokera kumadzi. Uku ndi kuya komwe kumalumikizidwa bwino ndi udzu wouma. Mbalame yamphongo imateteza chachikazi nthawi yogona. Ikayamba kuswa mazira, imayandama kuti ibwere.

Kufikira mazira khumi ndi awiri amatha kukhala mu clutch imodzi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa dzira limodzi ndi magalamu 50. Chipolopolocho ndi choyera ndi kuwala pang'ono. Ngati yaikazi ikufuna kuchoka, imaphimba mazira ndi fluff yomwe imunjikana pachisa. Akazindikira kuti mazira awonongedwa, amatha kukhazikikanso, koma nthawi zambiri mazira amakhala osabereka.

Pambuyo pa masiku 28 a makulitsidwe osalekeza, ana akhanda amayamba kuwaswa nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo maola 12, amayi amawatsogolera kulowa m'madzi. Ma ntchentche amakula pamlingo wodabwitsa - pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri amatha kulemera 1 kg.

Kusaka bakha wamtchire

Nyama ya Mallard ndi yokoma komanso yopatsa thanzi. M'dzinja, mbalame zimalemera bwino, zomwe zimakhala m'manja mwa osaka. Mbalame yamtchire imakhazikika mosamala mu zochitika zachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze chiphaso, muyenera kuyesera. Akuyang'ana mall m'madzi, koma ndizosatheka kuyandikira - ngati atazindikira zoopsa, amawuluka.

Kuti agwire mbalame, m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo amapangira nyumba yawo mabango ndi nthambi. Mlenje amabisala mumapangidwe awa. Ngati ayandikira, amatha kukopeka ndi chinyengo chakusokonekera. Komanso, drake yokhala ndi mphira wothira m'madzi. Monga lamulo, atawona kapena kumva abale, abakha amatsikira m'madzi.

Ngati mungakhumudwe mwangozi pa chisa cha bakha, palibe chifukwa choti muwononge ndikutenga mazira. Ndikosavuta kuti mkazi apulumuke chotayidwa chotere. Komanso palibe chifukwa chosakira abakha achikazi pakugwa, chifukwa pakadali pano amasaka ana. Mwamwayi, kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi kuwongolera sikovuta. Chapakatikati, kusaka mallard sikuyenera - pakadali pano sanapezebe cholemetsa.

Kukula abakha kunyumba

Ili ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene safuna kusaka. Kuti tichite izi, mbalame zimafunikira kupanga malo oyandikira zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Drake ndi zazikazi zimasowa madzi, ngati kulibe malo achilengedwe pafupi ndi nyumbayo, muyenera kupanga choyenera. Kupanda kutero, mallards sangapeze kulemera kofunikira.

Chakudya chomwe mallards amapereka sichili chosiyana ndi chomwe chimapangidwira abakha. Kuti mbalameyo inalemera msanga, iye perekani nsomba. Ngati mallard ili mu aviary, mchenga uyenera kuyikidwamo. Kufotokozera kwa kadyedwe ndi pafupifupi izi:

• Chimanga.
• Chomera.
• Mizu.
• Kukhazikika, kusoka kwa m'nyanja.
• Mavitamini othandizira.
• Tizilombo.

Mphutsi za bakha zimapezeka palokha - chifukwa, mbalame zimayenera kukhala nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga, pomwe ndikulimbikitsidwa kusintha malo oyenda pafupipafupi. Kuti izi zitheke, khomalo liyenera kukhala lamasamba.

Mu sitolo muthagula zakudya zapadera za abakha amtchire. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kudyetsa mbalame sikofunikira - izi ndizovulaza thanzi lawo.

Bakha sayenera kupatsidwa mkate wakuda ndi maswiti. Omwako amayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse! Kodi nditha kulipira madongosolo kudzera pa WebMoney? Madzi, chifukwa mbalame zimamwa kwambiri.

Magulu abakha amtchire

Ndizovomerezeka kuti mitundu yonse ya abakha imachokera ku abakha ammallard. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yam'misika North American Black, Grey Duck, Hawaii Mallard. Pakati pawo pali omwe sakhala osamuka. Mallard waku Hawaii amakhutira ndi momwe amakhalira, motero amakhala nthawi yomweyo malo amodzi.

Chimawoneka chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mallard wakuda waku America. Maonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abakha ena - ali ndi maonekedwe akuda ndi imvi. M'malo mwa mbalamezi ndi ku Eastern Canada. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amakhulupirira kuti mallard wakuda m'mbuyomu anali ndi gawo lina logawa, motero sizinasakanizane ndi malo wamba ogulitsira. Tsopano izi zikuchitika, pamene mbalame zamtunduwu zonse zimadutsana.

Mallard ndi mbalame yosazindikira komanso yokongola, yomwe ndiyosangalatsa kuyang'ana. Popeza adapanga zina, zitha kudalidwa m'nyumba yabwinobwino. Abakha, makamaka mabatani, amasinthanso dziwe lirilonse ndi mawonekedwe awo, mwakufuna kwawo kuti adyetse. Zachidziwikire kuti munawona madzi am'madzi mu nyanja kapena mtsinje wapafupi. Mallard ndi waukhondo ndipo amasamalira bwino ana ake, omwe amapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwa anthu.

Dera

Mitundu ya Holarctic, malo ogawikirawa ndi gawo la nkhalango-tundra ndi nkhalango yakumpoto ya kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa hemispheres. Ku Eurasia, imakhala makamaka kum'mawa kumpoto kwa Denmark ndi Scandinavia, koma anthu ochepa amapezeka ku Alps, Great Britain ndi Iceland. Kumpoto, imafikira kumalire a mitengo yamitengo: mpaka 67 ° C ku Peninsula ya Kola ndi gawo la ku Europe la Russia. N, ku Yamal mpaka 69 ° C. N pa Mtsinje wa Yenisei mpaka 68 ° C. sh., mu beseni la Vilyuya mpaka 66 ° c. .., mu beseni la Lena mpaka 64 ° c. ., kummawa kwa Kolyma Range mpaka 64th parallel, kumadera akumpoto kwa Chukotka. Pa kontrakitala yaku America, imakhala pachilumbachi mpaka kummawa mpaka kumpoto kuchokera kumwera kwa Alaska kupita ku Quebec ndi Newfoundland.

Ku Old World, kumalowera kumwera kumpoto kwa Denmark, madera apakati a Poland ndi Belarus, dera la Pskov, chigwa cha Mologa, madera kumtunda kwa Belaya, Ufa, ndi Ik m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Belaya, Ufa, ndi Ik, mpaka 55 ° C ku Western Siberia. sh., kummawa kupita ku Lake Zaysan, Altai, madera akumpoto kwa Mongolia, gawo lakumwera kwa mabondo a Amur, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China komanso nsonga ya kumwera kwa Sikhote-Alin. Ku North America kumwera kumpoto kwa Mexico pagombe lakumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa US kum'mawa.

Kusamukira

Mitundu yosamukira kapena yosuntha pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu okhala kumpoto amasamukira kumalo otentha: mwachitsanzo, mbalame zokhala ku Scandinavia ndi circumpolar kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia nthawi zambiri zimasamukira kumadera pafupi ndi malire a Baltic kapena North Seas, komanso kufikira pang'ono pakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe. Magulu ang'onoang'ono a mbalame zozizira nthawi yolembedwa adagona m'malo am'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, komanso ku Central Asia - malinga ndi akatswiri, mbalamezi mwina zimakhala ku Russia kummawa kwa Pechora. Ku Far East, malo ozizira nthawi yachisanu amakhala ku Japan, Korea ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa China. Chiwerengero cha mbalame zosamukira zimasiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka: mwachidziwikire, nyengo yotentha, gawo lambiri la iwo limakhalabe m'malo a nesting kapena kusamukira kumtunda yaying'ono. Kunyamuka kumayambira pokhapokha ngati kumayamba chisanu, madzi ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi. Anthu ambiri akum'mwera amakhala ndi njira yokhazikika, amasunthira kunja kapena kusamukira kutali.

Habitat

Munthawi ya chisa, imakhala m'malo osungirako madzi abwino okhala ndi magombe ataliyama: nyanja zazing'onoting'ono zazitali zokhala ndi malo otseguka, mitsinje, mitsinje yomwe imathamanga kwambiri m'mphepete kumtunda, komwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi gombe pamtunda wa mitengo. Pofuna kunyamuka, mbalame imafuna mtunda wokwanira pamadzi - pachifukwa ichi nthawi zambiri imapewa malo okhala ochepa omwe amakwanira mikhalidwe ina yonse yokhalamo. Mosiyana ndi merganser wautali, wamkuluyo amakonda magawo kumtunda, makamaka kumapeto ndi kumapiri kwa mapiri. Nyengo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazikulu ndi zopanda madzi ozizira ndi madzi osakhazikika, nthawi zina m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu February-Marichi 2012, ophatikiza akuluakulu adawonedwa akuwotha pa Dnieper m'chigawo cha Kiev.

Kufalitsa

A Lutok amakhala pafupifupi m'chigawo chonse cha Russia ndi kum'mawa kwa Scandinavia. Nyengo zam'mphepete kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi Nyanja ya Japan, Kumpoto kwa Europe ndi nyanja zikutsuka. Zambiri nyengo yozizira imadziwika m'malo otentha opanda Baltic, Caspian, Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Mbalame zina zimatsalira nthawi yozizira mumtsinje wa chowawa.

Munthawi ya chisa, ma lute amakhala m'malo osungira madzi abwino a nyanja ya taiga - nyanja, ma dziwe, akulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa malo, malo otseguka a mapampu a sphagnum ndi mitsinje yamadzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi oyera. Madzi amatuluka kwakanthawi kochepa pamadzi motero amatha kukhazikika m'malo osungirako osapezekanso amtundu wina wa bakha "wolemera". Bakha amabisala m'malo a m'madzi okhala m'madzi oyandikira ndi mitsinje, komanso m'madziwe akuluakulu, m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje; nthawi zina amapezeka munyanja.

Wamkazi_in_tree_cavity _-_ kopiya.jpg

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa abakha osowa ndi kudula mitengo kwa nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo yopanda tanthauzo. Kuperewera kwa malo okhala nesting kumathandiza kuti mitunduyi iziberekanso mwachilengedwe. Mbalame zambiri zimafa zikagwidwa muukonde. Ngakhale kuletsa mwamphamvu kuwombera abakha osowa, ophatikizika amisala amakhala chiphokoso chosaka kwa osaka. Diso la wowomberali nthawi zambiri limatha kusiyanitsa chosakanizira chowoneka bwino kuchokera kwa abakha ena akuda ndi oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuswana ndi kukula kwa anapiye kumakhudzidwa ndi nkhawa pakudya, kukwera, maulendo m'mabwato oyendetsa magalimoto. Ku China, zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa ndi izi: kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuyendetsa madamu ndi mitsinje, kuwonongeka kwa madzi amtsinje.

Kuyambira 2000, polojekiti yayamba ku Primorye kuti apange njira zoperekera mbalame zosowa chonchi. Famu yopanda kanthu yoponyedwa pamitsinje 15 ya Primorye. Anafufuza zisa 205, zomwe zisa za 190 zokhala m'maenje opanga ndi zisa 15 m'maenje. Ulimi wokhazikika unakhala njira yothandiza kukulitsira mitundu ya mbalame zosowa. Kwa 2002-2017 Anapiye 1334 aswedwa kwambiri m'maenje.