Nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Urals imakhala ngati yamapiri, kutentha kumagawidwa mosasiyananso osati kumadera, komanso m'chigawo chilichonse. Dera lakumadzulo kwa Siberian ndi dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira; kopita kumayiko ena, dziko lake limachulukirachulukira kuposa ku chigwa cha Russia. Dera lamapiri la Western Siberia silili bwino kwenikweni kuposa nyengo ya West Siberian Plain. Ndizosangalatsa kuti, m'dera lomwelo, kumapiri a Urals ndi Trans-Urals, zachilengedwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mapiri a Ural amakhala ngati zotchinga nyengo. Mvula yambiri imagwera kumadzulo kwa iwo, nyengo yake ndi yonyowa komanso yofunda, kum'mawa, ndiko kuti, kupitilira Urals, kulibe mvula yochepa, nyengo yake ndi youma, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Nyengo ya ku Urals ndi yosiyanasiyana. Mapiriwo amatambalala kwa 2000 km kulowera kowoneka bwino, ndipo kumpoto kwa Urals kumakhala ku Arctic ndipo amalandila ma solar ochepa kwambiri kuposa gawo lakumwera kwa Urals, lomwe lili kumwera kwa 55 degrees kumpoto chakutali.
Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale C. Ural: -20 ... -22 degrees,
Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale of Urals: -16 madigiri,
Kutentha kwapakati pa Julayi C. Ural: +8 madigiri,
Kutentha kwapakati pa Januwale ku Urals: +20 madigiri.
Nyengo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Urals imakhala yamapiri; mpweya umagawidwa mosagawikana osati m'zigawo zokha, komanso m'chigawo chilichonse. Dera lakumadzulo kwa Siberian ndi dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira; kopita kumayiko ena, dziko lake limachulukirachulukira kuposa ku chigwa cha Russia. Dera lamapiri la Western Siberia silili bwino kwenikweni kuposa nyengo ya West Siberian Plain. Mapiri a Ural amayimilira momwe mayendedwe a ndege za Atlantic amayenda. Dera lakumadzulo limakumana ndi mafunde chamkuntho nthawi zambiri ndipo limapukutidwa bwino. Pafupipafupi, imalandira mvula yambiri ya 100 mm kuposa kummawa.
Nyengo ya Urals imatsimikizika ndi malo ake pakati pa mapiri a Eurasia, kutalika pang'ono komanso kutalika kwa mapiri. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa ma Urals kuchokera Kumpoto mpaka Kumwera kumayambitsa kusintha kwanyengo. T.E. kusiyana pakati Kumpoto ndi Kummwera. Kusiyanako kumawonekera kwambiri m'chilimwe. Kutentha kwapakati kumpoto ndi + 80C, kumwera + 220C. M'nyengo yozizira, kusiyana kwake kumakhala kosalala kumwera - 160С, kumpoto - 200С. Nyengo zanyengo zawonjezeka kuchokera Kumpoto-West kupita Kumwera-East.
Kuchulukirachulukira kumalire akumadzulo a 700mm. Kum'mawa 400mm. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndi nyanja iti yomwe imakhudza. (Atlantic).
Malo otsetsereka akumadzulo amakumana ndi mafunde ochokera ku Atlantic ndipo amakhala ophatikizika. Gawo lachiwiri kuchokera ku Arctic, komanso ma Asia apakati pa nyanja ya Asia.
Mphamvu ya mpumulowu imakhudzana ndikusunthidwa kwa madera achizungu a Urals kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa nyengo, mawonekedwe a Urals azikhala osiyanasiyana.
Zojambula zachilengedwe
Mapiri a Ural ali ndi magulu otsika komanso masifodi. Akulu kwambiri mwa iwo, omwe akukwera pamwamba pa 1200-1500 m, ali ku Subpolar (Mount Narodnaya - 1875 m), Kumpoto (Mount Telposiz - 1617 m) ndi Kumwera (Mount Yamantau - 1640 m) Urals. Misa ya ku Middle Urals ndi yotsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri simapitirira 600-800. Mapiri a kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Urals ndi mapiri nthawi zambiri samasankhidwa ndi zigwa zazitali; pali mitsinje yambiri ku Urals ndi ku Urals. Pali nyanja zochepa, koma apa pali magwero a Pechora ndi Urals. Maiwe ndi madimbwe mazana angapo adapangidwa pamitsinje. Mapiri a Ural ndi akale (amachokera ku Late Proterozoic) ndipo amapezeka m'dera la Hercynian folding.
Fauna
Kumpoto mutha kukumana ndi anthu okhala ku tundra - reindeer, komanso kumwera kwa anthu okhala kumapeto - gophers, shrews, shrews, njoka ndi abuluzi. Tizilombo timene timakhala ndi nyama zolusa: zimbalangondo zofiirira, mimbulu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mapisi, nkhwangwa, nkhanu. Ungulates (moose, agwape, agwape, ndi zina) ndi mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimapezeka mwa iwo. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, nyama zamtchire zinali zolemera kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili tsopano. Kulima, kusaka, komanso kudula mitengo mwachisanzo kunalowa m'malo ndikuwononga malo okhala nyama zambiri. Mahatchi amtchire, saigas, mabatani, ndi ma shrpt adasowa. Ziweto zambiri zazitali zimasamukira ku tundra. Koma makoswe (hamsters, mbewa zam'munda) amafalikira paminda yolimidwa.
Zomera
Kusintha kwamitunda kumaonekera mukakwera. Ku Southern Urals, mwachitsanzo, njira yodutsa nsonga zazikulu kwambiri Zigalga imayamba ndi kulowera kwa mapiri ndi mitsinje kumapazi, kodzala ndi tchire. Kenako msewu umadutsa pakati pa mitengo ya payini, ya birch ndi ya aspen, pomwe udzu wake umasalala. Fir ndi fir amatuluka pamwamba pa palisade. Matanda akufa sangaoneke - amayaka moto nthawi zambiri. M'malo osaya angachitike. Nsonga zake ndizakutidwa ndimiyala, moss ndi udzu. Zowoneka bwino komanso zowongoka, zopindika zopota zomwe zimabwera kuno, sizikufanana ndi mawonekedwe kumapeto kwake, zokhala ndi zopota zokongola za udzu ndi zitsamba. Mafuta omwe ali pamtunda wokwera sakhala opanda magetsi, ndiye kuti njira yodutsaku imatsekedwa ndi mitengo yakugwa. Pamwamba paphiri la Yamantau (1640 m) ndi malo athyathyathya, komabe, pafupifupi satha kulowa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitengo yakale.
Zachilengedwe
Mwa zachilengedwe zaku Urals, mchere wake ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Urals yakhala yayitali kwambiri kukhala mgodi komanso zitsulo zamtunduwu padziko lonse lapansi. Kubwerera m'zaka za zana la XVI. Madongosolo a mchere wamwala ndi mwala wamchenga wokhala ndi mkuwa amadziwika pamphepete chakumadzulo kwa Urals. M'zaka za zana la XVII, madongosolo azitsulo ambiri adadziwika ndipo zitsulo zidatulukira. M'mapiri, zokumbira zagolide ndi zosunga platinamu zidapezeka, pamalo otsetsereka a kum'mawa - miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kuyambira m'mibadwo kupita m'mibadwo, luso laperekedwa kuti lifufuze miyala, kusungunula zitsulo, kupanga zida ndi zaluso kuchokera pamenepo, kukonza miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Ku Urals, malo ambiri azitsulo zopangira zitsulo zapamwamba (Magnitnaya, Vysokaya, Blagodat, mapiri a Kachkanar), miyala yamkuwa (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibai), zitsulo zosowa kwambiri, golide, siliva, platinamu, miyala yabwino kwambiri ya mchere padziko lonse lapansi, miyala ndi potaziyamu ndi Solikamsk. , Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Il'etskoye). Pali mafuta (Ishimbay), gasi wachilengedwe (Orenburg), malasha, asbesto, miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yodziwika bwino ku Urals. Kukula kwamagetsi kwamphamvu ya mitsinje ya Ural (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya ndi zing'onozing'ono zingapo zama hydropower) ndizotsalira kutali ndi gwero lopangidwa bwino.
Malo
AT kapangidwe Dera lazachuma ku Ural mulinso:
1. Republiki ziwiri: Bashkiria (likulu - Ufa) ndi Udmurtia (likulu - Izhevsk),
2. Perm Terrory, ndipo kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2006, chifukwa cha referendum, Dera la Perm lidalumikizidwa ndi Komi-Permyak Autonomous Region,
3. zigawo 4: Sverdlovsk (pakati - Yekaterinburg), Chelyabinsk (pakati - Chelyabinsk), Kurgan (pakati - Kurgan) ndi Orenburg (pakati - Orenburg) madera.
Dera malo ndi 824,000 km 2.
Chith. 1. Mapu a Urals (Source)
Dera lazachuma la Ural komwe pamgwirizano wagawo la ku Europe ndi Asia ku Russia. ndi iye malire ndi Kumpoto, Volga-Vyatka, Volga ndi West Siberian zachuma. Kummwera kumalire ndi Kazakhstan. Urals ndi dera lamtunda, koma m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Ural, Kama, Volga ndi ngalande zotulutsa kupita ku Caspian, Azov ndi Nyanja Yakuda. Zopangidwa apa intaneti: masitima apamtunda ndi misewu, komanso mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi. Ma network cholumikizira Urals ndi gawo la ku Europe la Russia ndi Siberia.
Mpumulo ndi nyengo
Gawo la Urals limaphatikizapo Dongosolo lamapiri a Uralkutalika kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kwa 2,000 km. m'lifupi mwake makilomita 40 mpaka 150.
Chith. 2. Mapiri a Ural (Source)
Ndi chikhalidwe cha mpumulo ndi malo kupumira Polar, Subpolar, Kumpoto, Middle and Southern Urals. Gawo lalikulu ndi lokwera komanso lokwera kuyambira 800 mpaka 1200 m. Ndi nsonga zochepa chabe zomwe zimafika kutalika kwa 1,500 m kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamwamba kwambiri - Phiri la Narodnaya (1895 m), lomwe lili kumpoto kwa Urals. Pali mitundu iwiri yamavuto m'mabuku: Anthu ndi Anthu. Yoyamba ndi yolungamitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa Mtsinje wa Narady kumapeto kwa phirilo, ndipo chachiwiri chikutanthauza 20-30. zaka zana zapitazo, pamene anthu amafuna kudzipereka mayina kuzizindikiro za boma.
Chith. 3. Phiri la Anthu (Gwero)
Mapiri amatalikirana mofananamo kulowera kwam'mizinda. Madera omwe amapezeka ndi mapiri ataliatali pomwe mitsinje imayenda. Mapiri ali ndi miyala yosalala, miyala ya metamorphic ndi miyala yamiyala. Karst ndi matako ambiri amapangidwa kumapiri akumadzulo. Chimodzi mwodziodzi wodziwika bwino ndi Kungur Ice Cave.
Karst - magawo a zochitika ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi ntchito yamadzi ndikuwonetsa pakusungunuka kwa miyala monga gypsum, miyala yamiyala, dolomite, mchere wamwala, ndi mapangidwe a voids mwa iwo.
Zinthu zachilengedwe zosavomerezeka. Madera a mapiri a Urals anasonkhezera nyengo dera. Zimasintha mbali zitatu: kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kuchokera kumadzulo mpaka kummawa komanso kuchokera kumapazi kupita kumapiri. Mapiri a Ural ndi cholepheretsa nyengo kusuntha kwa mafunde ofunda kuyambira kumadzulo kupita kummawa, i.e, kuchokera ku Atlantic. Ngakhale mapiri amatalika kwambiri, amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa kum'mawa. Chifukwa chake, ma Urals amalandilidwa kwambiri kuposa ma Urals, ndipo permafrost imawonekanso kumpoto kwa mapiri a Ural.
Zachuma
Zosiyanasiyana chuma MaUrals sadziwa ofanana kumadera azachuma ku Russia.
Chith. 5. Mapu azachuma ku Urals. (Source)
Urals yakhala yayitali kwambiri kukhala mgodi komanso zitsulo zamtunduwu padziko lonse lapansi. Pali ma deposits 15,000 amaminiti osiyanasiyana. Chuma chachikulu cha ku Urals ndi miyala yazitsulo zopanda feri komanso yopanda mafuta. Zipangizo zopangira mafuta amapezeka ku Sverdlovsk ndi Chelyabinsk, kumapiri a kum'mawa ndi Trans-Urals. 2/3 ya mafuta azitsulo a Urals ali mu Kachkanar amana. Madipoziti amafuta amadzaza dera la Perm, Udmurtia, Bashkiria ndi dera la Orenburg. Kudera la Orenburg kuli gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mpweya wozizilitsa kukhosi ku Europe. Maopu amkuwa - ku Krasnouralsk, Revda (Sverdlovsk dera), Karabash (dera la Chelyabinsk), Mednogorsk (dera la Orenburg). Malo osungira malasha ochepa amapezeka m'basiketi ya Chelyabinsk, ndi malasha a bulauni - ku Kopeisk. Ma Urals ali ndi malo ambiri osungirako a potashi ndi mchere mu beseni la Verkhnekamsk. Derali lilinso ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali: golide, siliva, platinamu. Mafuta opitilira 5000 apezedwa pano. M'malo osungirako Ilmensky omwe ali pamalo 303 km 2 5% a michere yonse ya Dziko Lapansi.
Mawonekedwe ndi madzi
40% ya ma Urals aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango. Nkhalango imagwira ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yaukhondo. Nkhalango kumpoto ndizongogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale. Dera la Perm, Dera la Sverdlovsk, Baskiria ndi Udmurtia ndi nkhalango zambiri. Kapangidwe ka malo kamayendetsedwa ndi malo olimidwa komanso malo olimapo. Dothi pafupifupi kulikonse kutopa chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa anthu.
Chith. 6. Mtundu wa Perm Territory (Gwero)
Ma Urali ali ndi mitsinje yambiri. Alipo 69,000, koma dera limaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana ndi madzi amadzi. Mitsinje yambiri imakhala m'malo otsetsereka a Urals. Mitsinje Amakhala m'mapiri, koma m'mapiri kumtunda alibe. Chofunika kwambiri malo ophunzitsira alendo, zipilala zakale komanso zomanga - mizinda monga Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Solikamsk, Izhevsk. Nazi zosangalatsa zinthu zachilengedwe: Kungur ice phanga (5.6 km mtunda, wokhala ndi ma grotto 58 oundana komanso nyanja yayitali), phanga la Kapova (Republic of Bashkiria, lokhala ndi utoto wakale), komanso mtsinje wa Chusovaya - umodzi mwamitsinje wokongola kwambiri ku Russia.
Chith. 7. Kungur Ice Cave (Source)
Chith. 8. Mtsinje wa Chusovaya (Source)
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi Urals zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 300, motero sizodabwitsa kuti zidatha. Komabe, sikunali koyambirira kuyankhula za kuvutikira kwa dera lazachuma la Ural. Chowonadi ndi chakuti dera silikuphunziridwa bwino, madziwo akuwunikira mwakuya mamita 600-800, ndipo ndizotheka kuyesa kufufuza kwachilengedwe m'lifupi kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa chigawo.
Odziwika a Udmurtia - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - wopanga makina ang'onoang'ono, mlengi wa AK-47 wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Chith. 9. M. Kalashnikov wokhala ndi mfuti wa AK-47 (Source)
Mu 1947, mfuti ya Kalashnikov inalandiridwa. Mikhail Timofeevich adabadwa pa Novembara 10, 1919 m'mudzimo. Kurya, Altai Territory. Anali mwana wa 17 m'banja lalikulu. Mu 1948, Mikhail Timofeevich anatumizidwa ku Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant kuti akapange gulu loyamba la mfuti yake ya AK-47.
Chith. 10. M.T. Kalashnikov (Source)
Mu 2004, mumzinda wa Izhevsk (likulu la Udmurtia) adatsegulidwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zazing'ono dzina lake atatha M.T. Kalashnikov. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi zida zambiri zankhondo komanso zankhondo zachitukuko cha Russia ndi zakunja, zida ndi zinthu zawo za Mikhail Timofeevich. Mikhail Timofeevich anafa pa Disembala 23, 2013 mumzinda wa Izhevsk.
Ural - malire pakati pa Europe ndi Asia
Malire pakati pa Europe ndi Asia nthawi zambiri amayandikira mbali yakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural ndi Mugodzhar, Mtsinje wa Emba, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian, kudutsa Kumo-Manych Depression ndi Kerch Strait.
Chith. 11. Obelisk ku Yekaterinburg (Source)
Zonse kutalika Malire kudutsa Russia ndi 5524 km, pomwe 2000 km kudutsa Ural ridge, ndi 990 km kudutsa Nyanja ya Caspian. Nthawi zambiri, njira ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti idziwe malire a Europe - kudzera pamadzi a Ural Range, Mtsinje wa Ural komanso madzi osefukira a Caucasus Range.
Nyanja ya Turgoyak
Nyanja ya Turgoyak ndiimodzi mwa nyanja zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyera kwambiri ku Urals. Ili mu beseni lamapiri pafupi ndi mzinda wa Miass, m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk.
Chith. 12. Turgoyak Lake (Source)
Nyanjayi imazindikiridwa ngati chipilala chachilengedwe. Kuzama - kukula kwake ndi 19 m, ndipo kutalika kumafikira mamita 36,5. Nyanja ya Turgoyak ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha kuwala kwambiri, komwe kumafikira mamita 10 mpaka 17. Madzi a Turgoyak ali pafupi ndi Baikal. Pansi pa nyanjayo pamiyala - kuchokera pamiyala mpaka miyala yamiyala. M'mphepete mwa nyanjayi pamadutsa kwambiri komanso paphiri. Ndi mitsinje ingapo yapakatikati. Gwero lalikulu la zakudya ndi pansi. Mokondweretsa, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu nyanjayo kumasinthasintha. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Turgoyak pali malo angapo ofukula zakale.
Nkhani zamalemba
1. Mwambo EA Gawo la Russia: chuma ndi madera: Gawo 9, buku la ophunzira a masukulu ophunzirira. - M: Ventana-Graf, 2011.
2. Fromberg A.E. Zachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. - 2011, 416 p.
3. Atlas pa geography yachuma, giredi 9. - Bustard, 2012.
Maulalo owonjezeredwa pazinthu zapaintaneti
1. Tsamba la wp.tepka.ru (Source)
2. Webusayiti fb.ru (Source)
3. Tsamba lawebusotekar.ru (Source)
Ntchito yakunyumba
1. Tiuzeni za malo a Urals.
2. Tiuzeni za mpumulo ndi nyengo ya ma Urals.
3. Tiuzeni za mchere ndi madzi am'madzi a Urals.
Ngati mukupeza cholakwika kapena cholumikizana, chonde dziwitsani - pangani zomwe mukuthandizira kuti ntchitoyo ipitirire.
Ural: mawonekedwe a nyengo
Zithunzi zothandiza za mapiri a Ural ndizomwe zimapangitsa nyengo yamaderawa. Ndi nyengo iyi yomwe ili chifukwa chogawikirana kwa dera la Ural kukhala dera lodziyimira lokha. Malo "am'malo" a mapiri (kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera) amatsimikiza zovuta komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo ya ma Urals.
Dera lokhala ndi mapiri ataliatali limateteza dziko kumadzulo komwe kuli.
- kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chigwa cha Russia, nyengo yam'mayiko ena ndiyabwino,
- m'malo a Dera la West Siberian loyandikira Mapiri a Ural, ili pafupifupi kulikonse.
Chifukwa chake, Ural Range ndi malire achilengedwe pakati pa madera ena aku Europe ndi Russia ndi Siberia.
Mtundu wa nyengo ku Urals umasiyana kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kuyambira tundra mpaka steppe, malinga ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe. Tiyeni tikambirane za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Polar Ural
Polar Urals ndiye dera la kumpoto kwenikweni kwa mapiri a Ural kuchokera pa mwala wa Konstantinov kupita ku Mtsinje wa Khulga. Zomwe zimathandizidwazo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukokoloka kwanthawi yayitali, mwa zina, mwa mphamvu ya madzi oundana:
- Zigwa zakuya,
- odutsa ochepa
- mawonekedwe a glacial (achule, nkhonya, ndi zina).
Nyengo ya dera la Polar la Urals ndi chifukwa chakuti dera ili pamphepete mwa nkhondoyi ku Europe komanso ku Sibestanone. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wake umakhala wowonekera konsekonse, wodziwika ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira kwambiri ndi chipale chofewa ndi mafunde amphamvu. Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumatha kutsikira mpaka-55 ° C Mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri m'derali pamakhala chodabwitsa cha kutembenuka kwa kutentha (kutentha kwa mpweya m'mapiri kumatsika kuposa kumapiri).
Subpolar Urals
Mu Subpolar Urals, nsonga zazitali kwambiri za mapiriwa ndizokhazikika, zomwe m'lifupi mwake zimafika 150 km pano. Thandizo pano lili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: maonekedwe a malo otsetsereka a m'mapiri, malo okwera, mapiri, mapiri atali, zipata zakuya ndi zigwa zomwe zimagawa mzere kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa.
Nyengo ya Subpolar Urals ndi yoopsa. Ndizowoneka modabwitsa, kwachisanu komanso nyengo yayifupi. Nyengo zambiri nyengo imakhala makamaka chifukwa cha dera komanso kutalika kwa mapiri. Chofunikira chakukhudzana ndi nyengo ya ma Urals m'chigawo chake chakumapeto ndi malo amapiri omwe amapitilira gawo lamphepo yamkuntho, yomwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, imasiyanitsa kusiyana kwanyengo m'malo otsetsereka a ku Europe ndi Asia ku Urals, makamaka, pakugawa kwamvula.
Kumpoto kwa Ural
Gawo lakumpoto la Ural Range limayambira ku Mtsinje wa Shchuger kumpoto mpaka Limbani la Kosvinsky kumwera. Awa ndi amodzi mwa madera osafikirika kumene kulibe malo okhala kapena misewu. Kuchokera kumadzulo komanso kum'mawa, kaphiri kamazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango komanso madambo. Nyengo ya ku Urals kumpoto kwake nkovuta kwambiri. Madera a Permafrost akupezekabe pano. Chipale chofewa m'mapiri m'malo sikhala ndi nthawi yosungunuka pachilimwe.
Middle Urals
Middle Urals ndiye gawo lotsika kwambiri lokwera lotchedwa, lokwanira pafupifupi 56th ndi 59th kumpoto chakumpoto. Kutalika kwa malo okwera kwambiri m'mbali mwa mapiriwa ndi ma 700-900 okha. Phiri lalitali kwambiri (Middle Baseg) limafikira mamita 994. Zigwa za mitsinje yake ndi yokulirapo.
Mawonekedwe a Middle Urals amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphepo yaku Western Atlantic. Mtundu wa kontinenti imakhalapo kuderali, komwe kukufotokozedwa ndi kufalikira kwa Siberia komanso kutalikirana kwa Atlantic, kotero, kusintha kwa kutentha kuno ndikwakuthwa.
Paphiri lakumadzulo kuli mvula yambiri kuposa kum'mawa. Nthawi yomweyo, malo otsika a mapiri samalepheretsa kulowererapo kwa mpweya wozizira kuchokera ku Arctic ndikulimbikitsa mpweya wabwino komanso wouma kuchokera kumwera kupita kumadera akumpoto kwa mapiri a Ural. Izi zikufotokozera kusakhazikika kwa nyengo m'derali, makamaka mchaka ndi yophukira.
Ma Urals Akumwera
Southern Urals ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamapiri omwe ali pakati pa Middle Urals ndi Mugodzhary (dera lakumwera kwa mapiri a Ural omwe ali kudera la Kazakhstan). Chifukwa chazitali kwambiri, m'lifupi mwake muli mpaka 250 km. Gawoli lili ndi zovuta zingapo. Khwangwala ndi madzi amtsinje wa Ural ndi Belaya - Uraltau Range.
Kuderali, nyengo ilidi yotentha: chilimwe chotentha, kenako nyengo yachisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya nthawi zina kumatsikira mpaka -45 ° C. Chilimwe chimakhala chotentha pang'ono, mvula yambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kusantakuku kumatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti nyengo zam'madera a Ural ndizosintha, makamaka chifukwa cha kudera kwawoko.
Zowonera nyengo muma Urals
Nyengo ku Urals zimatengera malo ake. Dera lino ndilotali ndi nyanja zamchere, ndipo limapezeka kwambiri ku kontrakitala ya Eurasia. Kumpoto, malire a Urals ali kunyanja zam'madzi, komanso kumwera - kumapiri a Kazakh. Asayansi amati nyengo ya ku Urals ndi yamapiri, koma nyengo yotentha imawonekera pamapiri. Madera ocheperako komanso ozizira amatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lililonse m'derali. Mwambiri, mikhalidwe pano ndi yoopsa kwambiri, ndipo mapiri amatenganso gawo lalikulu, ngati cholepheretsa nyengo.
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Kukhazikika
Kumadzulo kwa Urals, kumagwa mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti pamakhala chinyezi chambiri. Zomwe zimachitika pachaka zimakhala pafupifupi mamilimita 700. Kumagawo akum'mawa kwa mvula ndi kocheperako, ndipo kumakhala nyengo yotentha. Pafupifupi mamilimita 400 a mvula imagwera chaka chilichonse. Nyengo yam'derali imayendetsedwa ndi mafunde a Atlantic, omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi. Mphepo zam'mlengalenga zimakhudzidwanso, zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono komansouma. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwampweya ku Central Asia kumatha kusintha nyengo.
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Ma radiation a Solar amagawidwa mosiyanasiyana m'chigawo chonse: gawo lakumwera kwa Urals limalandira kwambiri, ndikucheperako kumka kumpoto. Ponena za kutentha kwa nyengo, kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumpoto ndi –22 madigiri Celsius, ndi -16 kumwera. M'chilimwe, ku Northern Urals kumakhala kokha +8, pomwe Kumwera - +20 kapena kuposa. Gawo la polar la malo amenewa limadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yozizira, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Chilimwe pano ndi chachifupi kwambiri, ndipo sichimapitilira mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Kummwera, izi ndizowona: nyengo yochepa komanso nyengo yotentha, yomwe imatenga miyezi inayi kapena isanu. Nyengo ya nthawi yophukira ndi ya masika m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Urals imasiyana nthawi. Pafupifupi chakum'mwera, yophukira ndiyifupi, kasupe ndiwotalikirapo, ndipo kumpoto ndiye njira ina yozungulira.
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Chifukwa chake, nyengo ya ku Urals ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa sikunagawidwe pano pano. Mikhalidwe yanyengo yotereyi idakhudza mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera ndi zanyama za ku Urals.
Khalidwe laling'ono
Dera lamapiri limayambira kumpoto mpaka kumwera, opitilira 2,000 km. Mapiri a Ural ndi otsika: mapiri wamba amafika kuyambira 300 mpaka 1200 m.Malo okwera kwambiri ndi mzinda wa Narodnaya, kutalika kwake ndi 1895 m.Makonzedwe a kayendetsedwe, mapiri amderali ndi a Ural Federal District, ndipo kumwera chakumwera kwa Kazakhstan.
Chifukwa choti nsonga zake ndizotalikirapo, ndipo kutalika kwa mapiri ndizochepa, palibe nyengo yotchulidwa m'malo omwewo. Nyengo ya ku Urals ili ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyana. Mapiri amathandizira pakugawidwa kwa magulu akuluakulu amlengalenga chifukwa amawonjezedwa mosiyanasiyana. Amatha kutchedwa chotchinga chomwe sichidutsa mafunde azakumadzulo. Pazifukwa izi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumasiyanasiyana madera: madera akum'mawa amalandila mvula yochepa - 400-550 mm / chaka, kumadzulo - 600-800 mm / chaka. Zoterezi zimatetezedwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya mpweya; nyengo kuno ndi kotentha komanso kotentha. Koma malo akummawa ali kudera louma.
Malo okhala nyengo
Gawoli limakhala ndi madera awiri achimwemwe: kumpoto kwenikweni kwa mapiri a Ural, lamba wocheperako, ena onse amakhala mkati mwa nyengo yotentha.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyengo yamapiri a Ural imatsatira lamulo lakutchire, ndipo apa ndi pomwe limatchulidwa kwambiri.
Pai Hoi
Mapiri akalewa amapezeka kumpoto kwa mapiri a Ural. Malo okwera kwambiri m'derali ndi Moreiz (kutalika kwa 423 m). Phiri lolowera ku Pai-Hoi simalo osiyanasiyana, koma mapiri ooneka bwino. Nyengo ya Urals kudera lino amatchedwa subarctic, altitudinal dera siwunawonedwa. Ichi ndi dera lachiphiri, nthawi yozizira imakhala kwambiri chaka, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa Januware ndi 20 ° C pansi pa zero, mu Julayi ndi + 6 ° C. Kutalika kocheperako nthawi yachisanu kumatha kufika -40 ° C. Chifukwa cha zodabwitsa za nyengo pa Pai Hoi, chilengedwe cha tundra chafotokozedwa.
Mugodzhary
Mapiri angapo amiyala, kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Ural. Gawo lonse lili m'malire a Kazakhstan. Mitunda yaying'ono ya 300-400 m, motere, gawo limakhala louma. Palibe chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, kutentha kwa chisanu sikamawonedwa kawirikawiri, komanso mpweya.
Chotsimikizidwa ndi katswiri
Ural ndi gawo lalikulu kuyambira pagombe la Arctic Ocean kupita kumapiri akumwera. Amadutsa malo angapo achilengedwe.
Ma Urals amatha kugawidwa mu Urals ndi Trans-Urals, chikhalidwe chake chomwe chimasiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake. Urals imakhala chotchinga nyengo.
Kuli mvula yambiri kumadzulo kwa Urals, nyengo yake ndi yofunda komanso yanyontho kuposa kum'mawa .. Ndipo kummawa kuli mvula yochepa, nyengo ndilouma ndipo dziko lonselo limatchulidwanso.
Nyengo ya ku Urals imayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe ka ndege chakumadzulo, kutalika kwakukulu kwa gawo kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera, komanso kuyandikira kwa Nyanja ya Arctic.