Nuthatch - wokhala ndi dude * Mbalame

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Beech - wachinayi, yemwe adavala jekete lamtambo la kurky nthawi yachisanu, sazindikira mtundu wake ndipo amakhala ndi kampani yamtundu wa titmouse. Amatsogoza zotsalira ndi iye. Nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi pikas ndikuvina kuvina. Gulu loterolo ndipo akamayendayenda m'nkhalangoyi, amapanga malo awo kuti awononge malo awo. Amapita m'mizinda ndi m'midzi, kukafuna nkhokwe ndi malo osakira zakudya kukafunafuna chakudya. Apa, pansi pa denga kapena kumbuyo kwa zotseka, pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa munthu, iwo amagona usiku.

Zojambula pamakhalidwe ndi zizolowezi za nuthatch

Zimbudzizi zopanda nyumbazi zimayeretsa minda ya tizilombo tosavulaza, kuononga mazira chikwi kapena mphutsi zobisala m'makola a makungwa.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakafunika ngozi, aliyense pagululi amangogonjera mawu ake, koma aliyense akumvetsa. Apa tambala adayamba "kugunda, kankha!". Ndipo chizindikirochi chimapangitsa nutatch ndi mbalame zina kukhala maso. Ndipo ngati nuthatch kumayimba mluzu monsemu, ma batoni onse ndi ma batoni ndi oyang'ana mothamanga mbali zonse.

Mwa njira, chifukwa chamluwu wosawerengeka "fy-it!" nuthatch ali pano ndipo apo adayitanitsa wotsogolera.

Ndi nambala yayitali yokhala ndi mphuno yayitali yokhala ndi mphuno yayitali ndi mchira wamfupi, nuthatch imafanana ndi mtengo wamatabwa. Koma kufanana kumeneku ndi kwakunja chabe. Kwenikweni, ma nuthatch ndi a passerines. Koma mu kuthekera kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndikupereka mitengo zana kutsogolo kwa Woodpecker. Chule wokongola wotereyu amatha kusuntha pamodzi ndi thunthu limodzi mwamphamvu mpaka pansi ndi mmbali. Monga amakondwerera. Ndi iye yekha amene angathe kuchita zinthu ngati izi. Woodpecker adakwera thunthu lokhazikika pansi, ndikugwedeza, ndikupumula mchira wake wolimba.

Mbuye wosasunthika wokwera, kutsogoleredwa ndi titmouse, nuthatch, titero, adadziphatikiza pawokha ndi mitengo yamatabwa komanso yamtambo. Izi zimawonetsedwa ku dzina lachijeremani la mbalame, lomwe mu Russian limatanthawuza "Woodpecker."

Momwe Nuthatch Nates

Mbalame kuthengo imasungidwa mwachinsinsi kwambiri. Sadziwa kupha dzenje lake ndikuigwiritsa ntchito yokonzekera chisa. Ndipo ngati khomo lolowera ndi lalikulu, wopanga watsopanoyo amaphimba ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi malovu ndi phula. Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa nthawi, chifuwa choyera ndi m'mimba mwa mbalame zimametedwa ndikuwoneka zakuda kuchokera kutali. Ndipo khoma la dothi, litauma, limakhala lolimba kwambiri kotero kuti mulomo wolimba yekha wamtengo waukulu wamtengo ungathe kuwuwononga. Ndipo imawala.

Mazira asanu mpaka asanu ndi amodzi oyera amagona mchaka chisa. Anapiyewo amakhala nthawi yoyamba atanyamula. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbalamezi zikasokosera zikulira, ana akufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Aliyense amapuma pantchito ndikuyamba kukhala payekha. Nthawi zambiri, nuthatch amalowa m'gulu la zipatso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera. Monga kuti akudziwa kuti mbalame zakuwala izi sizimadziwa kulira.

Mwachilengedwe, mbalame yomwe imawoneka yosalala ndiyokhazikika, ndipo ngati simungakhumudwe nayo, imayamba kukhala yovuta. Ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni komanso chikhalidwe choseketsa, nuthatch idzawalitsa kuposa tsiku limodzi lokondwerera nyengo yachisanu mu taiga. Kwa maola ochulukirapo mutha kukhala pafupi ndi malo osakira ndikusirira momwe amalikirira mwaluso ndikugwa. Mosakayikira, chule waululuyu ndi wabwino kwambiri.

Maonekedwe a nuthatch

Kutalika kwa thupi la nuthatch ndi masentimita 12-14. Mapiko awo ndi 23-27 cm.Munthu wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi 25 g.

Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, khosi lalifupi, thupi lokhazikika komanso mchira yaying'ono. Mlomo wokhala ndi mbewa ndi wowongoka, wautali komanso wamphamvu, utoto wa imvi. Kutengera gawo lomwe akukhala, maula amapaka utoto wosiyanasiyana. Thupi lakumtunda kwa anthu okhala kumpoto kwa Europe ndi lamabuluu, ndipo m'mimba amapentedwa pachifuwa, ndipo khosi limakhala loyera.

Nuthatch ali ndi miyendo yolimba komanso yosasamala.

Magulu omwe amakhala kum'mawa ali ndi bere loyera komanso thupi latsitsi. Pamutu pali chingwe chakuda chomwe chimayambira pamunsi pa mulomo mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Miyendo ndi utoto utoto. Pali zala zazitali zakuthwa pazala. Kunja, zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana: amuna ndi okulirapo.

Khalidwe la mbalame ndi zakudya

Malo omwe mumakonda ndi osakanikirana ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, mapaki ndi minda. Miyoyo makamaka pamitengo yakale yayitali. Nuthatch nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wongokhala. Nzika zakumpoto zimawulukira kumadera akumwera nyengo yachisanu. Mbalame iliyonse imakhala mosamalitsa kudera lake ndipo palibe amene angaphwanye malire a zinthu za anthu ena. Muzikhala moyo wopanda wokha.

Wotsogolera mbalame amakhala m'mapaki ndi m'minda.

Amadyetsa chakudya komanso nyama. Amadya agulugufe, ntchentche, nsikidzi, nsikidzi ndi chisangalalo. Munthawi yotentha amadya zipatso ndi mbewu, monga mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mtedza, ma acorn. M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala kuti kulibe chakudya, mbalame zimatulutsa ndikuzibisa m'miyala ndi m'miyendo yamitengo yamitengo. Mbalame zimayimba, zojambula zawo zimatha kukhala ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zikhadabo khumi, izi zimapangitsa nutatch kuyenda mwachangu limodzi ndi nthambi, ngakhale pansi. Mbalamezi zimatha kupezeka kunyumba, ndizosavuta kuzisintha. Kwa anthiwe, okhala m'tchire, anthu nthawi zambiri amapanga nyumba momwe mbalame zimakhala ndi zisa.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi yomwe mbalame zimalira zimadalira kutalika komwe zimakhala. Kuyamba kwa nthawi imeneyi kugwera pa Epulo-Meyi. Mbale wanthawi zonse amakhala wophatikizana, amapanga magulu awiriawiri. Zisa zokhala ndi mbewa zimapezeka m'maenje amitengo, nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zisa zamatabwa kapena zomangira zachilengedwe pamtengo.

Zomera zili pamtunda wa 3 mpaka 8 mita. Khomo lolowera chisa nthawi zambiri limakhala lotalika masentimita 3-4, owonjezera amakutidwa ndi dongo. Pansi pali zinyalala za masamba ndi mamba ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a khungwa.

Nuthatch - mbalame yokhayokha.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhala ndi mazira a 6-8. Zili ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ofiira. Wamkazi amakhala pachiwopsezo; pakumanga amakhala masabata awiri ndi awiri. Thupi la anapiye ongobadwa kumene limakutidwa pansi. Zonse zazikazi ndi zazikazi zimadyetsa ana. Pazaka 33,5 masabata, nuthatch imayamba kuwuluka. Akuluakulu amadyetsa ana aang'ono mpaka atafika zaka 5-5,5 milungu. Kutalika kwa mbalamezi kuthengo ndi zaka 10-11.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Zokhazikika, mbalame zozizira: mndandanda, chithunzi ndi mayina

Kuthandiza mbalame zomwe zatsala kuti zibisalire kupeza chakudya, kupachika odyetsa. Ndipo ndizotheka kuti akhale ndi chidwi ndi alendo otere:

Mpheta . Mpheta zaphokoso zomwe zimawulukira m'makola zimatha kukhala alendo oyamba kudyetsa.

Tit. Matayala munjira zambiri sakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mpheta, amathamangira kudya kukadyetsa. Koma poyerekeza ndi mpheta, zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofatsa kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti m'chilimwe, chakhumi chimadya pafupifupi chakudya chochuluka momwe chimadzilemera. Nthawi zambiri mumadyetsa mumatha kuwona magulu osakanikirana omwe amakhala ndi mpheta zonse ziwiri ndi ma buluu.

Chida . Wachibale wapafupi wa tit. Komabe, chifuwa cha nkhuku si chikasu, koma chofiirira. Komanso, gaiter imasiyana ndi ma tini ena chifukwa imapanga dzenje mumtengo kuti ipange chisa mmenemo.

Chida - mtundu wapadera wa ma tini

Khwangwala. Raven nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi ma rook. Amadziwika kuti akhwangwala ndi osowa kwambiri kumadzulo kwa Russia. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukhala ku Europe ku Russia ndikuwona mbalame yakuda ikutulutsa khwangwala wobowola, ndiye kuti mwina muwona khwangwala.

Nkhunda Kugawika ndi moyo wa nkhunda kudachitidwa makamaka ndi anthu omwe amangobwera nawo kumakona osiyanasiyana a Dziko Lapansi. Tsopano nkhunda zimapezeka kumayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. Ma njiwa amasintha mosavuta m'matanthwe, komwe ndi malo awo achilengedwe, nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu.

Njiwa imagwedeza mutu chifukwa ndi zosavuta kuti athe kuwona zomwe akufuna

Woodpecker. M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo ya nkhuni imadyera makamaka tizilombo, zomwe zimachokera pansi pa mitengo, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatha kudya zakudya zam'mera: mbewu ndi mtedza.

Magpie. Magpie amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yanzeru kwambiri, amatha kufotokoza zambiri, kuphatikizapo zachisoni komanso amadziwa momwe angadziwire chiwonetsero chake. Ndizosangalatsa kuti si abale ake okha, komanso mbalame zina, komanso nyama zakutchire, makamaka zimbalangondo ndi mimbulu, sizimva kulira kwamphamvu kwa amatsenga.

Magpie - mbalame yozizira

Owl . Zazikazi ndizosiyana, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, chonsecho muli mitundu yoposa 200. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino komanso kumva kwabwino, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wamadzulo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti maonekedwe a mutu wa kadzidzi si makutu, makutu enieni a kadzidzi amabisidwa nthenga, ndipo amodzi amayendetsedwa m'mwamba ndipo winayo pansi, kuti amve bwino zomwe zikuchitika pamwamba pa mutu ndi pansi.

Kadzidzi - mbalame usiku

Mbalameyi imadziwikanso kuti ndi kadzidzi ndipo ndi wachibale wapakati wa kadzidzi wina.

Kadzidzi kosowa komwe amakhala kwambiri m'mapiri akumpoto. Dzinalo la mbalamezo m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana limatanthawuza "zosasintha" kapena "zosasimbika."

Jackdaw. Kunja, ma jackdaw ndi ofanana ndi akhwangwala ndi akhwangwala, kuphatikizaponso pali magulu osakanikirana momwe mungawone mitundu itatu yonse ya mbalame. Komabe, jackdaw ndi yaying'ono kukula kuposa khwangwala. Ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi kuti muwone mbandapo utayandikira, ndiye kuti mutha kuzindikira mosavuta ndi utoto wa nthenga zina.

Nuthatch. Mbalame yaing'ono iyi mosamala ikukwera mitengo yamiyendo. M'nyengo yotentha, nuthatch amabisa mbewu ndi mtedza mu khungwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amadya izi.

Klest. Monga nuthatch, mbalameyi imakwera mitengo mwangwiro ndipo imatha kupachika nthambi pansi. Chakudya chokoma cha mtanda - mbewu za spruce ndi mainiine pine. Mbalameyi imadziwika chifukwa imatha kubisala ngakhale nthawi yozizira, koma pokhapokha ngati chakudya chokwanira.

Bullfinch. Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi zowonjezera zambiri zofiira pachifuwa; zazikazi zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Ma Bullfinches amapezeka nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chifukwa chosowa chakudya, amakopeka ndi anthu. M'nyengo yotentha, ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonda kukhala kuthengo ndipo sizodabwitsa, motero sizosavuta kuziwona.

Kuthamanga . Mbalame yokhala ndi maula okongola komanso mawu oyimba. M'nyengo yotentha, amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo ndipo amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zachilengedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, nthenga zimapita kumadera akumwera kwambiri a dzikolo, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mizinda. Mu nthawi yozizira, phulusa la kumapiri ndi zipatso zina zimakhala chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame.

Jay Mbalame yayikulu, pomwe, imawuluka kukadyerera modyera chopangidwa ndi anthu. M'nyengo yotentha, sichimakumana kawirikawiri mumzinda, koma nthawi yozizira, mbalameyo imayamba kufikira anthu kuti azikhalamo.

Koroleki. Imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri, kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamkulu ndi magalamu 5-7 okha. Mafumu ndi abale a mpheta.

Korolek - wokhala m'nkhalango

. Mbalame yayikulu, yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri alenje ambiri. Ma Pheasants amadziwa momwe amauluka, koma nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi phazi.

Hazel grouse . Komanso ndi chinthu chosaka, ngakhale kuti mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Kulemera kwa grouse wachikulire sikufikira g 500. Ndizosangalatsa kuti unyinji wa mbalamezi umakhala ku Russia.

Hazel grouse - mbalame yomwe imagwirizana ndi grouse wakuda

Mbalame ina yomwe imagwirizana ndi kusaka. Grouse zimapezeka pamphepete mwa nkhalango komanso m'nkhalango-steppe.

Falcon . Imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zanzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso imodzi mwaosaka bwino kwambiri. Falcon imatha kugwira ntchito mozungulira ndi munthu, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzisokoneza.

. Monga falcon, imakhala mbalame yolusa. Masomphenya a kambukuwa ndi akuthwa kwambiri kuposa anthu. Ndipo kuthamangira nyama, kambukuyo amatha kufulumira mpaka 240 km / h.

Mbalame zosamukira, zosamuka: mndandanda, chithunzi wokhala ndi mayina

Ma rookowe amasiyana ndi khwangwala wokhala ndi mlomo wamtambo wamtambo wamaso achikaso. Ku Kuban ndi ku Ukraine, mutha kuwona momwe ma tchire amagwa amasonkhana pamagulu akulu, okulirapo kotero kuti thambo likuwoneka lakuda kuchokera kwa mbalame zoyandama mkati mwake - awa ndi mbawala zomwe zimawulukira kumwera. Komabe, tambala timayenderana ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka pokhapokha, zina zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira pakati pa Russia, zina nthawi yozizira ku Ukraine, ndipo ndi mbalame zina zokha zomwe zimawulukira kugombe lotentha la Turkey nyengo yachisanu.

amakonda kuuluka kupita kumalo okumbidwapo kumene, nthawi zina amawulukira kumbuyo kwa thirakitala yolima kuti akwanitse kutulutsa mphutsi zochuluka ndi mphutsi.

Mbalame yodabwitsa iyi yokhala ndi mawu oyimba imakonda kutentha ndipo imawulukira kumwera chakumapeto. Ndipo posaka nthawi yachisanu, makolo athu akale amasankha Africa otentha. Mbalamezi zimawulukira nthawi yozizira kum'mawa kwa Africa - Kenya ndi Ethiopia. Komabe, anthu akumaloko sangasangalale ndi kuyimba kwawo, chifukwa nthawi yausiku imangoyimba nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe imachitika kudziko lakwawo.

Swallow Mbawala zimakonda miyala yamiyala, nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pamakoma oyala omwe anthu amakumba. Komabe, nyengo yathu yanthawi yathunthu imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha kugwa imawulukira kumwera kwa Africa kapena Asia, komwe kali kutali ndi ife.

Siskin . Monga rook, ndi mbalame yosamukasamuka yomwe imafika molawirira osakhazikika patali: ku Caucasus, Kazakhstan ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Kunja, masisitere ndi osawoneka bwino, nthenga zawo zobiriwira zobiriwira sizimawonekera konse motsutsana ndi nthambi. Mkwiyo wa mbalame umafanana ndi mawonekedwe: wodekha komanso wodekha.

Goldfinch. Ku Europe, ndi mbalame yozizira, komabe, ku Russia, carduelis imatha kuwoneka mwachilimwe. Pofika nthawi yozizira, Carduelis amasonkhana pagulu ndikupita kumalo otentha. Carduelis ndi abale apamtima a mlongo.

Goldfinch - imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri

Mbalame yonyowa yomwe imathamanga pansi ndikugwedeza mchira wake mbali iliyonse. Wagtail amatha nthawi yozizira kum'mawa kwa Africa, kum'mwera kwa Asia, ndipo nthawi zina kumwera kwa Europe.

Quail. Mbalame yokhayo yochokera ku nkhuku, yomwe imasamukira. Kulemera kwa zinziri za munthu wamkulu sikukula kwambiri ndipo kumakwanira 80-150 g. Mu chilimwe, zinziri zimapezeka m'minda yofesedwa ndi tirigu ndi rye. Nyengo ya nyengo ya Quail nyengo yopitilira malire a dziko lathu: kumwera kwa Africa ndi kumwera kwa Asia, kumpoto kwa India.

Kutumiza . Nyimbo yokhala ndi nyimbo zake zokoma imapanga mpikisano woyenera ndi usiku. Ndipo mawonekedwe ake, ngati a nightingale, ndizodabwitsa. M'nyengo yozizira, osangalatsa amakhala azungu: Italy, France ndi Spain - kwawo kwachiwiri.

Lark . Kubala kumachokera kumayiko otentha kwambiri, nthawi zina mu Marichi mumatha kumva nyimbo zawo zokoma, zomwe zimasangalatsa kwambiri. Ndipo kumazizira nthawi yozizira ku Southern Europe.

Seagull . Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, anyaniwa omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'madzi amasamukira ku Nyanja Zachisanu ndi za Caspian. Koma pazaka zambiri, nsombazo zimakonda kukopeka ndi anthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira m'mizinda.

. Imasambira nthawi yozizira ku Africa, ndipo imawulukira m'chigawo chake kapena ikupita kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko.

Oyambira nyota amafunikira nyumba zogona mbalame, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amabala ana awo. Ndipo anzathu nyenyezi amapita nthawi yozizira ku Southern Europe ndi East Africa.

Mtambo wakuda wodabwitsawu ndi gulu la ana a nyenyezi obwerera kwawo

Kutsiriza . Zidole zakumadzulo kwa dziko nthawi yozizira makamaka ku Central Europe ndi Mediterranean, pomwe ndalama zam'mphepete mwa Urals nthawi yotentha zimapita nthawi yozizira kumwera kwa Kazakhstan ndi madera akumwera kwa Asia.

Chaffinch - wokhala phokoso m'nkhalangoyi

Heron . Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe heron amakhala nthawi yozizira, ina imakhala itapita mtunda wautali kupita ku South Africa, nyengo yotentha ku Crimea kapena Kuban, komanso ku herdons ya Stavropol Territory nthawi zina imakhala nthawi yozizira.

Korona . Mbalameyi imakhala yodandaula, ndipo posankha bwenzi, amakhalabe okhulupilika kwa iye moyo wake wonse. Cranes akhazikika kumadambo. Ndipo malo awo okizira nyengo yachisanu ndiosiyanasiyana monga heron: Kumwera kwa Europe, Africa komanso China - m'malo onsewa padziko lapansi mungapeze ma cranes omwe anakwera kuchokera ku Russia kupita nthawi yachisanu.

Chumba . Anapiye akuda ndi oyera amapezeka ku Russia. Ana agulugufe amapanga zisa zazikulu, zomwe kutalika kwake ndi mita imodzi ndi theka, ndikupanga ndege zazitali kwambiri kumwera. Nthawi zina amagonjetsa pansi ndikufika ku South Africa - dziko lomwe lili kumwera kwenikweni kwa Africa.

Chikwanje . Swan ndi mbalame yodzipereka pakukonda ndi kukondana. Ma Swans ndi mafoni amadzi, chifukwa chake nthawi yachisanu, amasankha malo pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri Caspian kapena nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Bakha . Abakha amtchire nthawi yozizira, monga lamulo, samawulukira kutali ndikukhalabe mu expanses of post-Soviet state. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti abale awo kunyumba yakumapeto amayambanso kuda nkhawa ndipo nthawi zina amayesa kuuluka, nthawi zina amathanso kuwuluka pazingwe ndikuwuluka mtunda wosafunikira.

. Cuckoos amakhala m'nkhalango, ndi m'nkhalango, ndi m'nkhokwe. Ambiri mwa ma cockoos amapita nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha komanso ku South Africa, nthawi zambiri nyengo yachisanu ku South Asia: ku India ndi China.

. Mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawu oyimba komanso maula owala, omwe amawulukira nthawi yachisanu m'malo otentha.

. Amadzuka m'bandakucha ndipo ndi amodzi mwa oyamba kuyambitsa nyimbo yam'mawa. M'mbuyomu, kanyimbo kameneka kanali kotchedwa robin. Amatchuthi odutsa amabwerera kum'mwera kwa Europe, North Africa ndi Middle East, kubwerera kwawo pakati pa oyamba.

Chifukwa chiyani mbalame zosamukasamuka zimawulukira kumadera otentha komwe nthawi yozizira imabwerako?

Zima ndi mayeso owopsa a mbalame. Ndipo okhawo omwe akukhalabe ovuta kwambiri akhoza kupeza chakudya chawo.

Kodi njira ziwiri zopulumutsira mbalame mu nyengo yozizira ndi ziti?

Mbalame zina zimasungira chakudya m'nyengo yachisanu. Zimabisala nthangala, mtedza, zipatso, mbozi ndi mphutsi mu udzu ndi ming'alu mumakungwa a mitengo. Nuthatch amatanthauza mbalame zotere.
Mbalame zina siziopa anthu ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zogona. M'nyengo yozizira, amapeza chakudya m'madyetsa ndi m'matumba a zinyalala.
Mbalame zina zimadyetsa ndipo zimadya makoswe. Pali mbalame zodya nyama zomwe zimatha kudya mahule, kusaka nsomba, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mileme.

Ngati mbalame ikhoza kudzipezera chakudya m'nyengo yozizira, zikutanthauza kuti sikufunika kupita m'dzinja kupita kumalo otopetsa komanso kovuta kupita kumadera otentha.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti zonse ndizophweka, ndipo chifukwa chokhacho chomwe mbalame zimasamukira munyengo ndi kusowa kwa chakudya. Koma kwenikweni pali mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho. Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti bakha wamtchire, womwe ndi mbalame yosamukasamuka, adapatsidwa dziwe lochita kupanga komanso chakudya chokwanira. Kodi akhalabe nthawi yachisanu? Ayi sichoncho. Adzaitanidwa paulendo wautali, champhamvu chomwe sichovuta kufotokoza, wotchedwa chibadwa chachilengedwe.

Zinapezeka kuti mbalamezi zimawulukira kumadera otentha, ngati kuti sizachilendo, chifukwa makolo awo adachita kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Funso lina lomwe likufunika kuyankhidwa: bwanji mbalame zimabweranso kuchokera kumayiko ofunda nthawi iliyonse yopuma? Asayansi a ornithologists adatsimikiza kuti kuyambira kuthawa kwakubwera kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni ogonana komanso kuyambira kwa nyengo yakubereka. Koma bwanji mbalame zimawuluka makilomita masauzande ndikutenga anapiye kumene adabadwira? Nthano ndi zikhalidwe zachikondi zimati mbalame, monga anthu, zimakopeka kudziko lakwawo.

Kodi mbalame zosamukira zimadziwa bwanji kuuluka? Funso mpaka lero, palibe yankho lovuta. Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kuti mbalame zimatha kuyenda m'malo opanda malo komanso m'malo owoneka pang'ono, pomwe dzuwa kapena nyenyezi sizikuwoneka. Ali ndi chiwalo chomwe chimakulolani kuti muziyendera mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lapansi.

Koma zili zodabwitsa kuti achinyamata, omwe sanakhalepo pandege komwe kumakhala kwanyengo yotentha, amapeza malo oti azidziwitsa, ndipo amadziwa bwanji njira yoti awulukire? Zimasanduka mbalame, pamlingo wamtundu, chidziwitso chimalembedwa za point pa mapu omwe mukufuna kuwuluka ndipo, kuposa pamenepa, njirayo imakokerako.

Kodi mbalame zosamukira kum'mwera zimapanga zisa?

Mbalame nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha siziikira mazira ndipo sizimaswa anapiye, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti safuna chisa. Ndi zisa zokhazokha zomwe zimafunikira chisa, zomwe mbalame zosamukasamuka zidzabowola kwawo.

Kodi ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zimawuluka koyamba komanso komaliza kumapeto kwa mvula?

Woyamba kufika kumapeto akhwangwala . Mbalamezi zimabwerera kudziko lakwawo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe masamba oyamba kucha awoneka m'chipale chofewa. Ndi milomo yawo yolimba, akhwangwala amakumba mphutsi pamabowo oterowo, omwe amapanga zakudya zawo.

Omaliza kufikako ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya tizilombo touluka. Awa ndi majezi, ma swingu, ma orioles. Zakudya za mbalamezi zimakhala:

Popeza kutuluka kwa tizilombo tambiri tambiri touluka kuchokera ku mphutsi kumafuna nyengo yotentha komanso pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mbalame zomwe zimadyerera zimawulukira kumayiko akwawo zikaonekera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo.

Kodi ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zimawuluka koyamba komanso komaliza kugwa?

Moti nyengo yozizira imayamba, tizilomboti timamaliza moyo wathu wonse ndipo timatopa. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zomwe zimadya tizilombo zimakhala zoyamba kuwuluka m'mphepete zotentha. Kenako mbalamezo zimawulukira, zomwe zimadyera mbewu. Madzi a mafoni akuwuluka. Kwa iwo, ngakhale m'dzinja mumakhala chakudya chokwanira m'madzi. Ndipo amawuluka madzi m'madziwe asanayambe kuzizirira.

Kodi ndi gulu la mbalame lotani lomwe chipale chofewa limalonjeza?

Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zotchuka, ngati gulu lakuthengo atsekwe - muyenera kuyembekezera chisanu choyamba kugwa. Chizindikiro ichi sichingafanane ndi zochitika zenizeni zanyengo. Chifukwa chake kumpoto kwa Russia atsekwe amawulukira kumadera otentha mkati mwa Seputembara, ndipo chipale chofewa chimatha kugwa kale kwambiri. Tinene chisanu choyamba ku Norilsk chaka chino chinagwa pa Ogasiti 25. Kumwera, atsekwe amawulukira kumadera otentha kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa Novembala. Chisanu choyambirira m'malo awa chitha kuchitika panthawiyi. Koma zonse zimatengera nyengo yam'dzinja. Indian chilimwe pano chikhoza kukokera pa Okutobala onse.

Kodi ndi mbalame iti yomwe imachokera ku nkhuku zomwe zimasamukira?

Mbalame yosamukira ku nkhuku ndi zinziri . Malo okhala zinziri amapitilira Russia kumadzulo ndi kumwera. Kum'mawa, mbalamezi zimakhala pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baikal. Amapezeka ku Europe, West Asia ndi Africa.

M'nyengo yozizira iwo amawuluka kumwera. Ndipo zimakhazikika ku Hindustan, Kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.

VIDEO: Kodi mbalame zosamukira zimawuluka bwanji?

Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mbalame a m'banja la nuthatch, ndimawonekedwe wamba. Imapezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe, Japan, China, Korea ndi Russia. Mu Russian Federation, mitundu ingapo yamatchulidwe imakhala yofala kumadera onse adzikoli. Malo okhala kuyambira pagombe la Nyanja ya Atlantic kupita kugombe la Pacific. Mitundu yamtunduwu imayimirira mwachangu. Ndiponso, imatha kuyenda molunjika, ngakhale pansi.

Mwachilengedwe, ambiri mwa a nuthatch ndi achidwi kwambiri. Ngati muwona mbalame ikudumphira ndi kuwala, kusunthira kosavuta mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti zimveka posachedwa chifukwa chake dzina lotere lidasankhidwa. Mbalameyi imakhala yogwira ntchito komanso yopuma. Nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa nuthatch wamba, anthu amakhala ndi "dzina" lina: wothandizira. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi ndani yemwe adatipatsa dzina, koma limayikidwa chifukwa cha mawu omwe amatulutsidwa.

Zomwe zikuluzikulu za nuthatch

Mwakutero, thupi wamba limakhala masentimita 10 mpaka 16 kutalika. Nthawi yomweyo, pali subspecies a chimphona chachikulu. Izi subspecies ndizofala ku China ndi Thailand ndipo zimatha kutalika mpaka 20 cm. Ndipo malinga ndi mapiko a mapiko m'lifupi kuchokera masentimita 21 mpaka 28. Nuthatch wamba wolemera 25 g. Mutu wa mbalameyi ndi wawukulu, thupi lokha limakhala lambiri, mchira wake ndi waufupi. Pali mlomo wooneka ngati wowoneka bwino, wopakidwa imvi. Mlomo ndiwotalikirapo komanso wofanana ndi nkhuni. Pogwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake, nuthatch wamba ikhoza kuswa mtedza kapena mbewu zolimba. Mitundu ya nthenga imatengera komwe mbalameyo imakhala.

Nutatch yemwe amakhala kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe, Caucasus, komanso m'nkhalango zakumadzulo kwa Asia ali ndi khosi loyera. Kumpoto kwa Europe, pamimba pake pamakhala zofiirira, ndipo utoto wapamwamba kwambiri ndi imvi. M'nkhalango zakumadzulo kwa Europe komanso kumadzulo kwa Asia, pamimba pali pafupi kutulutsa mtundu wamba. Kumpoto kwa kumpoto, mbalame izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi pamimba zoyera, zofiirira zofiirira m'mphepete, ndipo mchira wakewo umakhala woderako ndi mawanga oyera. Mbalame yomwe imapezeka kum'mawa kwa China, torso yomwe ili pansipa imapakidwa utoto wonyezimira.

Ku East East mu nuthatch, mosiyana ndi zigawo zina, mtundu woyera pamimba. Ndipo mtundu wa nthenga pamphepete mwa mchira umasiyanitsidwa ndi zidutswa zoyera. Chomwe chimadziwika ndi mbalameyi ndi kupezeka kwa kamtambo kakang'ono m'maso mwake, kudutsa mulomo wonse komanso khosi. Mataka okhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali komanso utoto wonyezimira. Yaimuna imasiyana ndi yaikazi pakukula kwa thupi. Amuna amawoneka okulirapo kuposa akazi. Malinga ndi zizindikilo zina, sizingasiyanitsane wina ndi mzake.

Malo okhalamo

Nthawi zambiri, amasankha nkhalango zowumitsa, zowoneka bwino kapena zosakanikirana, mapaki, minda yongokhala. Yokhazikika mu mitengo yayitali. Kuchokera m'malo omwe sitha kuuluka. Common Nuthatch si mbalame yosamukira. Zopatula zimapezeka m'mabungwe ena okha omwe amakhala kumadera a kumpoto. Zili kwa nyengo yozizira, osakhala nthawi yachisanu, koma amawuluka kum'mphepete akumwera kumene amakhala. Koma achibwana wamba wamba amakhala ndipo nthawi yozizira amakhala m'gawo limodzi lokha. Pazifukwa izi, sanawonedwebe ngati osamuka.

Mbalame zina siziloledwa kukhala momwe zimakhalira, koma sizimawombera katundu wa anthu ena. Nthawi yozizira ikafika, nthawi zina imamenyedwa kwa gulu la mbalame zina. Nthawi yomweyo, nuthatch wamba samasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa zoweta.

Nuthatch wamba kuthengo imatha kuyenda molunjika kwina kulikonse kumene kuli mitengo yamtengo. Ali ndi mwayi wotere chifukwa cha zikhadabo zazitali komanso zochepa. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta. Amawapangira nyumba zapadera, zomwe pambuyo pake amakhazikika ndikubereka.

Nuthatch wamba amayimba kosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kawo, amatha kumveka mokweza, kuphimba maulendo angapo. Phokoso la kuyimba kwawo limakhala ndi likholi, nyimbo zotulutsa mawu komanso nyimbo zingapo. M'nyengo yakukhwima, kuyimba kumakhala kofanana ndi kuyimba ngakhale kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati mbalameyo ikufunafuna chakudya, ndiye kuti imatulutsa mivi yambiri. Kwa mawu awa adalandira dzina lachiwiri pakati pa anthu "Cooperman".

Ndi chisangalalo , imatulutsa mawu okweza ofanana ndi "tёch" kapena "tёg". Izi zimamveka mobwerezabwereza ndipo zimapumira pang'ono. Nuthatch wamba itha kuperekanso matayilidwe osiyanasiyana pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kena kofanana ndi "tiyu-tiyu-tiyu". Zambiri mwa nuthatch zimapangidwa ndi nuthatch yodziwika bwino, yomwe imatulutsa, nyengo isanayambe. Nthawi imeneyi imayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu.

Zakudya za nuthatch

Menyu yayikulu Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chimakhala ndi izi:

Monga chakudya chodya tizilombo, nuthatch imasankha agulugufe, nsikidzi, ntchentche, nsikidzi, nyerere, mbozi, mavalidwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito mulomo wake wolozera kumapeto, amawatulutsa m'tinjira tating'onoting'ono kapena timabowo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono. M'mitengo ina, nuthatch wamba amatha kubowola khungwa pang'ono pofunafuna chakudya. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga mbewu, zipatso, zipatso, mtedza. Nyengo yonse yofunda ya chaka imabwezanso zosungirazo ndikuzibisala m'makona a mtengo, ndikuwaphimba ndi ndere. Ngati kulibe ziphuphu pafupi, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito khungwa. M'nyengo yozizira, amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira omwe anthu adawakonzera.

Nthawi yazamoyo wamba

Moyo wa mbalameyi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo:

Chikazi sichinasunthe, chikomokomo chachikazi pafupifupi masiku 13,
mpaka milungu 4-5 imatha kukhala chisa,
pafupifupi zaka 1, kutha msinkhu kumayamba,
moyo wamunthu wamba uli ndi zaka 11.

Zisa za mbalame za Nuthatch m'miyezi yophukira pafupifupi kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Amatha kuwerengeka ngati amodzi okha, chifukwa amapeza banja kamodzi ndikukhalira limodzi moyo wawo wonse, kusamalana. Bowo lopangidwa mwaluso limasankhidwa ngati chisa, nthawi zambiri chisa chakumanzere chakumanzere kapena pang'onopang'ono pamtengo. Chisa chomwe chimasankhidwa kuti chikhale pamtunda chimakhala chosachepera 3 ndipo osapitirira 8 metres. Khomo lolowera chisa lili ndi dzenje lomwe masentimita pafupifupi anayi.

Ngati ndi kotheka, nuthatch wamba imachepetsa kutseguka kwa khomo la chisa, pogwiritsa ntchito dongo pazomwezi. Pansi amaika masamba ndi tizidutswa tating'ono ta khungwa la paini kapena birch. Ngati palibe mitengo yotere pafupi, ndiye kuti amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za makungwa a mitengo ya zipatso.

M'dzira limodzi, dzira limodzi, pafupifupi 7 limayikidwa. Mazira ndiwopundidwa ndi utoto yoyera. Komanso pamazira pali mawanga ang'onoang'ono ofiira. Zachikazi zokha zimatsala mchisa. Amatha kusiya anapiye ake amtsogolo pokhapokha ngati moyo wake uli pangozi. Pankhani yakufunika kwakukulu kuti ichoke mu chisa, dzira litagona limakutidwa ndi zinyalala. Njira yogwirira mazira imatenga masiku 13- 13. Anapiana oswa adakutidwa kale ndi fluff kuyambira nthawi yobadwa.

Amuna ndi akazi ali pachiwonetsero cha chakudya ndikudyetsa anapiyewo limodzi. Ana akabadwa, amawadyetsa mpaka milungu 4-5. Masiku 20 pambuyo pobadwa, anapiye amadziwa kale kuuluka. Pafupifupi ana onse okulirapo amakhala ndi nthawi yosankha kumapeto kwa chilimwe malo okhalamo . Koma nthawi yomweyo, kusankha komaliza kwa chisa ndi bwenzi lokhalokha kumagwera nyengo yotsatira yoswana.

Nuthatch - mbalame yachilendo. Dzina lake likuti zambiri. Zikuwonetsa kuti mbalameyo imatha kukwawa. Komabe, lingaliro loterolo likhoza kuperekedwa ndi munthu wosazindikira. Mbalameyi siikwawa. Amathamanga, koma mwachangu kwambiri.

Poizoni Wodabwitsa

Nuthatch - mbalame yapadera. Ndi m'modzi yekha wamatchuthi okhala ndi minyewa amatha kupita pansi pamtengo.

Kodi mbalame ya nuthatch imawoneka bwanji? Mbalame yaing'ono-yaying'ono iyi. Thupi lake la phulusa chakumtunda limakhala ndilosalala. Zowonjezera zam'mimba ndizoyera.

Nuthatch - mbalame yaying'ono. Kulemera kwake kumachokera magalamu fifitini mpaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 13 mpaka 16, ndipo mapikowo ndi masentimita 7.3-9.2. Mapikowo amafika 25-27 cm.

Mbalame ya Nuthatch (onani chithunzi pansipa) ili ndi mlomo wamtali komanso wowongoka. kudutsa m'maso kumamupatsa chidwi komanso chamanyazi.

Mbalameyi ilibe kusiyana kwakanthawi kochepa ndi maonekedwe a thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, maukonde ofewa ndi akhungu a achinyamata samasintha pakapita nthawi yamoyo. Mwa akulu okha omwe amakwawa, pomwe pansi pamimba ndimtambo wofiirira, ndipo mzere kudzera m'maso ndi imvi imasanduka bulauni. Pambuyo molting m'dzinja, kusiyanasiyana kumatha. Ndipo palibe amene anganene pamaso pake mbalame yaing'ono kapena yachikulire kuti ndi wokalamba.

Kufotokozera kwa chule wodabwitsa yemwe samatha kudutsa mwendo wake. Chifukwa cha iwo, mbalameyi imayenda molunjika ngati mitengo yolimba ngati mpira. Inde, luso la nkhonya pakukwera mtengo limatheka ndi miyendo. Ndiwofupikirapo, koma wokhala ndi zala zazitali zazitali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa komanso zopindika. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbalameyo igwire pansi pamtengo. Pakati pa nsonga za misomali yomwe ili kumbuyo ndi pakati pakati pa zala za nkhuni zopota, mtunda wawukulu. Mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwathunthu kwa thupilo. Chifukwa cha izi, nuthatch ikhoza kukhazikika pansi pamtengo pamwamba.

Zapamwamba kwambiri

Nuthatch - osati mbalame yamanyazi. Amatha kuloleza munthu kuti ayende patali pang'ono. Komabe, sikutha kupanga mawonekedwe a tweet-tweet kapena tweet-tweet, mukamayang'ana mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za mitengo. Mbalame yochita chidwi nayo imatha kufikira munthu payekha. Nthawi yomweyo, amangoyerekeza kuti akhumudwitsidwa mwangozi.Nuthatch ikuwonetsa "amanyrin" ake ndi mluzu wofuula "sit-sit", lofanana ndi kufuula kwa wophunzitsayo: "Samalani ndikuyenera!" Nthawi yomweyo, mwachilungamo, chule wa poyizoni amatuluka kumbuyo kwa mitengo.

Nuthatch amakhala wokondwa nthawi zonse komanso wosasinthika. Iye ndi wokalamba, wamphamvu komanso wokangalika. Mbalameyi, zilembo zamatabwa ndi zam'mimba zimawoneka zolumikizidwa. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti dzina lachijeremani la mbalameyi ndi "Spechtmeise". Kutanthauzira, kumatanthauza nkhuni.

Habitat

Mutha kukumana ndi nutatch kudera lonse la nkhalango kuyambira ku Western Europe mpaka ku Far East. Amathawa, koma kummwera chakumadzulo amakhala chule chodabwitsa ku tropics komwe.

Mtundu wapadera wa nuthatch ndi wofala ku Western Siberia. Zimasiyana pang'ono ndi ma Scandinavia omwe amapezeka kudera laku Europe. Mu nuthatch ya ku Siberia, nthenga zokhala ndi mgoza sizikupezeka m'mbali mwake.

Imakonzekereratu mbalame kuti ikhalemo m'nkhalango ndi kusefukira. Nthawi zina amakumana kum'mwera kwa steppe. Ku Altai Republic ndi Altai Territory, nuthatch amakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zopanda maofesi omwe amakhala kutali ndi Ob ndi Biya, komanso mu burs tipe ndi spikes ku Bie-Chumysh Upland. Mutha kukumana ndi achule odabwitsa m'mapiri. Nuthatch amakhala m'nkhalango, zomwe zili pamtunda wa 2000-2200 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mu nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, chakudya cha nutatch ndi tizilombo. Mwakusangalatsidwa amadya chule wa poyizoni wa nyerere ndi ma dipterans, mbozi ndi agulugufe, nsikidzi ndi kafadala, masamba achikazi, komanso kafadala ena. Samanyoza kangaude. Monga lamulo, nuthatch imasonkhanitsa chakudya chake panthambi zikuluzikulu, komanso ming'alu ndi makatani a mitengo ikuluikulu. Koma nthawi zina mbalameyi imakola khungubwe kuti ichotse tizilombo ndi mphutsi pansi pake. Kufinya thupi la acorn kapena hazelnut, nuthatch ikhoza kuwakhomera iwo mu khungwa la khungwa kapena kukanikiza kumtembo ndi thunthu. Pambuyo pake, akumenya nyama yake pomenya mkamwa mwamphamvu. Chapakatikati ndikugwa, nuthatch ikhoza kupezeka padziko lapansi. Amatsika kukayang'ana tizilombo mum masamba omwe adagwa. M'dzinja, chule wa poizoni amadya zipatso, mwachitsanzo, chitumbuwa cha mbalame.

Nuthatch - mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye amadya chiyani nthawi yozizira? Nuthatch - mbalame yozizira m'malo ovuta. Kuti apulumuke nthawi yanjala, mbalame yokhazikika iyi imasunga chakudya chamtsogolo. Kuyambira koyambilira kwa nyengo yophukira, nuthatch amaponyera mtedza, ma acorn, komanso zipatso za linden, hazel ndi beech kukhala ming'alu ndi niches yomwe ili mumitengo ya mitengo. M'matumba a mbalame yosungirako mungapeze mbewu zingapo ndi mapulo a nkhono. Ntchitoyi imatha mwezi wa Disembala wokha.

Zisanu

Nuthatch - mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi? Akatswiri a zamankhwala ayankha funsoli kwa nthawi yayitali. Achule a mitengo yozizira m'nkhalango yawo yobadwira. Zilibe kumwera. Mbalameyo imangokhala. Komabe, m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, imakumana m'nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, komanso ku Tam, imakhazikitsa gawo la bayrach ndi mapepala oteteza kuminda, minda ndi m'nkhalango zamtsinje.

Ndi pomwepo kuti nuthatch amakhala munyengo zino. kapena osati chule wapadera wa poizoni? Ayi, akatswiri a zamankhwala amati izi zimachokera ku gulu la osankhika pang'ono. Kasupe akangobwera, mbalame zimasunthanso kunkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowuma.

Jacks

Nuthatch nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mabowo a mitengo. Khomo lanyumba yanu ndi mbalame yaulimi yofalikira ndi manyowa, matope kapena dongo. Chinyumbachi chimamangiriridwa ndi mulomo ndipo chimamangirira kuzungulira bowo mpaka m'mimba mwa bowo amatichepera mpaka mamilimita makumi atatu ndi asanu.

Anapiye a Nuthatch amachoka chisa chawo choyambirira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni.

Clutch ya nuthatch imakhala ya mazira anayi mpaka khumi ndi awiri, yokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Makulidwe awo amachitika kokha ndi akazi. Wamphongo nthawi zonse amamubweretsera chakudya. Makolo omwe awonekera anapiye amadya masiku makumi awiri ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu. Uku ndi ntchito yabwino. Masana, ndikofunikira kubweretsa chakudya kwa anapiye mpaka nthawi mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu. Nthawi yomweyo, makolo amasamaliranso zaukhondo. Osachepera makumi asanu ndi limodzi kufikira makumi asanu ndi limodzi masana, amatulutsa makapisozi ophimbidwa ndi zotupa za elastic kupitirira malire ake, ndikusintha miphika ya usiku ndi timadzi tating'ono.

Nuthatch mu undende

Ngati mungagwire ndi kugwira chodabwitsa cha chule mu cage, ndiye kuti chimazolowera mwachangu. Nuthatch ikhoza kuyikidwa mu khola yomweyo ndi siskins, linnet kapena tapas. Pomwepo adzakhala imodzi ya mbalame zosangalatsa kwambiri. Mutha kumuyang'ana kwa maola ambiri. Khwangwala sadzaleka kudabwitsidwa pakukwera mwaluso kwambiri pakakhungwa kamtengo komwe kali m'kholalo, komanso mosakhalitsa pamtunda.

Mbalameyi idzafunika kupatsidwa chisakanizo cha hemp kapena mbewu zina ndi mazira a nyerere. Mtedza wa paini ndizabwino ngati mbalame.

Kukula kwa Abambo (koyambirira - kwa Popen)

Gawo lonse la Belarus

Nuthatch Yabanja - Sittidae.

Kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Belarus, subspecies wamba S. e. europaea. West, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumwera kumakhala anthu mosiyanasiyana pakati pa S. e. europaea ndi Western Europe subspecies S. e. Caesia ndikusungidwa m'mabungwe okhazikika a S. e. kunyumba.

Mitundu yokhazikika ya nesting, mokhala komanso yosasinthika.

Mbalame yofanana ndi mpheta, yooneka bwino. Mlomo wake ndi wowongoka komanso wautali, woongoka, miyendo ndi waufupi, ndi zala zazitali zolimba, mchira wake sunali wowuma, wamfupi komanso wozungulira. Mbali yakumwamba ya thupilo ndi monochromatic buluu kapena phulusa laimvi, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi woderapo. Kuchokera pamlomo kudzera m'maso kumakhala chingwe chakuda. Khosi limakhala loyera, koma mawonekedwe amitundu yakumapeto kwa thupi amasintha (makamaka kumbuyo kwam'mimba) - kuchokera pafupi loyera mpaka loyera ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena chofiirira. Mbali zake zakumbuyo yakumaso zimasiyanasiyana. Fedyushin ndi Dolbik (1967) adawonetsa kuti S. e. europaea (Scandinavia nuthatch) wokhala ndi zopepuka, ndi S. e. homeyeri (Polish Nuthatch) wokhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino. Grichik ndi Burko (2013) akuwonetsa kuti pali zofiirira za chifuwa (mwa amuna) kapena zofiirira (zazikazi) pamphaka. Bill ndi imvi yakuda, miyendo ndi imvi. Kulemera kwa yamphongo ndi 22-25 g, zazikazi ndi 21-24,5 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 13-16 cm, mapiko ndi 25-25.5 cm. Kutalika kwa mapiko a amuna ndi 8-9 cm, mchira ndi 4-5 cm, 1.7-2.2 masentimita, Bill 1.6-1.9 masentimita. Kutalika kwa mapiko a akazi ndi 8-9 cm, mchira 4.5-5.5 cm, tarsus 1.7-2.2 cm, mulomo 1, 5-1.9 cm.

Nuthatch sichachilendo m'nkhalangoyi, imachitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mukasamukira nthawi yozizira-yozizira, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda ndi nyumba zam'nyumba zamalimwe. Amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri. Mawonekedwe a mbalameyi nthawi zambiri amakhala ochititsa chidwi - kuthekera, kuyang'ana makungwa amitengo, kuyenda m'mphepete mwa mitengo yopanda mitengo osati pika (komanso pika), komanso kutsogolo.

Chimakhala m'nkhalango zachikale zazikulu komanso zophatikizika, zimaphatikizika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe mumapezeka mitengo. Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus kumakhala nkhokwe zachikale (33.3%) ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana (27,2%), nkhalango za paini zosakanikirana ndi mitengo yolimba (17.3%), momwe muli mitengo yopanda pake. Amapewa maula obyala komanso onenepa. Ngakhale kuti imatha kukhala m'malo obzala m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, sikhala m'malo okhala chinyontho kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zisa zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu - m'mizinda ndi m'midzi, m'nyumba zanyengo, m'minda yakale ndi m'mapaki, etc.

Panthawi yoyendayenda, imamveka phokoso "vit-vit-vit" kapena "sit-sit", panthawi yakukhwima - kumayimba mluzu kwambiri. Kuimba kolimba kwa nuthatch, melodic komanso kolimba, kumamveka koyambirira kwambiri kuthengo, ngakhale nthawi yomwe amayendayenda ndi titmouse.

Zimayamba kuswana mu February. Pakukhwima, nuthatch amakhala pamwamba pamtengo ndikuyimba. Mbalame zimayimba mokangalika mchaka chachitatu cha Okutobala - khumi lachitatu la Marichi. Mwezi wa Epulo, mphamvu zakuyimba zimachepa; kumapeto kwa mwezi uno, nyimbo zomaliza zimveka.

Kuswana kwa Nuthatch kumayambira kumapeto kwa Marichi - khumi oyamba a Epulo. Zoweta awiriawiri. Zoyesa zimamangidwa m'maenje amitengo (mwachilengedwe kapena yopendekera ndi woodpecker) kutalika, ngati lamulo, osati wotsika kuposa kutalika kwa munthu, makamaka kwambiri - 4-8 m, m'malo osowa - osapitirira 70-80 cm, komanso zisa zakupanga mu nyumba za mbalame ndi m'maenje. Mwakutero, kolowera mkati mwa dzenjalo limakutidwa ndi dongo, silika kapena manyowa osakanikirana ndi malovu, kumangosiyapo kachitsulo kakang'ono kwambiri ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 3.5. Nthawi zina, mapindikirowo amangoyika m'mbali mwa dzenje, komanso mbali zoyandikana ndi khunguyo komanso mbali yake yapamwamba . Nthawi zina mabowo okhala ndi khomo lolowera samakola.

Amuna ndi akazi amavala zovala za chisa. Zomwe zimamangidwa ndi chisa ndi masamba am'munsi mwa khungwalo, nthawi zambiri pine, masamba a mitengo owuma, ulusi wazomera ndi zopindika zazing'ono. Thirayi siyikusonyezedwa, koma zinyalala ndizachulu kwambiri kotero kuti zomangirazo zimakonzeka kulowa mkatimo.

Ntchito yomanga chisa cha mbalameyi imamalizidwa m'zaka za zana loyamba ndi lachiwiri la Epulo.

Munthawi zonse 6, 6, mwa apo ndi apo, mu mazira 12 mazira ambiri. Chipolopolocho ndi chopaque, choyera ndi zofiirira zofiirira, nthawi zina zofiirira, zowoneka bwino komanso zakuda kwambiri, komanso malo amduwa ofiirira. Kukula kwa dzira 2.2 g, kutalika 18-22 mm, mainchesi 13-16 mm.

Dzira limayikidwa nthawi zambiri limayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo ndipo limatha mchaka choyamba cha Meyi. Ambiri okwatirana amakhala ndi ana amodzi pachaka. Amkazi okha ndi omwe amakhala m'masiku 14-17 (nthawi zambiri 14-15). Kusiya chisa ngati pakufunika kutero, amatseka zomerazo ndi zofunda.

Makolo onse awiriwa amatenga chakudya cha anapiye, omwe amabweretsa chakudyacho katatu konse kapena katatu patsiku. Ming'alu imadyetsedwa ndi akangaude, tizilombo, mphutsi ndi pupae. Kukula kwa anapiye kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amangochoka pachisa pa tsiku la 23-25 la moyo. Pakadali pano, pali ng'ombe zopangidwa ndi anthu 2-6, omwe makolo amadyetsa nthambi zamitengo kwa masiku 5-8.

Zovala zofananira kwachiwiri kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus zidapezeka zaka khumi zapitazi za Juni - Julayi, anyamata obadwa kumene - mchaka chachitatu cha Julayi ndi August.

Kukhetsa kwa akuluakulu kumayamba pakati pa Juni.

Kukula kwachichepere kuli mu malo odyera pafupifupi June onse. Zikaleka zitachoka, magulu abanja omwe amakhala ndi ana atatu ndi atatu ndipo makolo omwe amayendayenda kukafufuza zakudya amapezeka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Mu Seputembala, magulu amabanja amagwera limodzi ndipo ma nuthatchtails amalowa ndi ma tini, omwe amasamukira nawo kugwa ndi nthawi yozizira.

Chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi ma invertebrates, omwe nuthatch amapezeka pamtunda komanso pamakungwa a mitengo yamakungwa pakufufuza kosalekeza bwino bwino kwa mitengo ikuluikulu. Makungwa ndi mitengo yamtengo yowola imatha kubisalidwa ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa ku ma cones zimasonkhanitsidwa. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, zipatso za chitumbuwa cha mbalame, nthanga za spruce ndi paini, ma acorn, mtedza ndi chakudya cha nyama (tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi akangaude) zimadyedwa. Akapita kukadyetsa mbalame nthawi yozizira, amaluma mafuta, mpendadzuwa, ndi nthangala za udzu.

Kukonda kwambiri

Ngakhale mtanda wazotupa wowoneka bwino sunapangidwe ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino ali ndi mithunzi yabwino: imvi yokhala ndi thupi laling'ono lamtambo, mimba yoyera, mchira wowongoka bwino. Ndipo mkanda wakuda pamutu, kudutsa m'maso, umapatsa diso la mbalameyo.

Kanyama kakang'ono kameneka kali ndi mawu okweza kwambiri. Kungolira mwachidule “tew-tew”, nthawi zina kumasintha kukhala “tzi-i-it”, kumayendera limodzi ndikusaka chakudya. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, nthawi zina ngakhale muFebruary, nuthatch imayamba kutsitsimutsa mbali zamtchire. Ndipo mpaka kugwa, ma envelopu okwera, ochitidwa ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana, pafupifupi osayima.

Wouluka ndi mbalame yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Ndizodziwikanso chimodzimodzi ku Siberia yachisanu komanso kotentha kumpoto kwa Africa. Nyama yamtunduwu imangokhala pafupi ndi munthu, m'mapaki kapena m'minda, ndipo imapulumuka mwakachetechete m'nkhalangoyi. Pamwamba pake sakonda kusintha kokhala. Ngati palibe chomwe chimamuvutitsa, samachoka m'gawo lake. Ndipo zikafika poti zimukakamize kuyendayenda, amasankha kutero patali, nthawi zambiri amakhala pagululo la mbalame.

Osakhala adyera, koma a kunyumba

Nuthatch sanyamuka nthawi yachisanu kupita kumayiko ena. Chifukwa chake, asadakhale woyamba chisanu, ayenera kusamalira mosungiramo. Nuthatch amakhala nthawi zambiri awiriawiri. Amayimbirana mluzu wina, ndikuuzana nkhani zamnkhalango.

Popeza tidasankhananso mmwezi wa Marichi, banja linathamangula m'nkhalango yonse mpaka kumapeto, limatola mbewu, zipatso ndi mtedza. Ndipo pomwepo azibisalira padzenje, pomwepo padzakhala chisa chake. Ngati chipinda chili chokwanira, ndiye kuti kuthyolako kumakankhira chakudya mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Zowona, mbalame zina ndi makoswe ngati agologolo nthawi zambiri amazungulira m'matangadza. Chifukwa chake, kuletsa kumatha kupanga dzira zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuti musakhale ndi njala.

Ndipo nthawi yotentha, wopitako amagwira agulugufe, nsikidzi ndi akangaude, amatenga "ma helikopita", ndipo ngati pangafunike, amatha kuthira chipewa cha mpendadzuwa. Nthawi zina chimatsikira pansi kuti chisagwire masamba agwa. Makamaka nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mvula yambiri. Kuyenda pakati pa udzu wonyowa, mbalame zazing'ono zimasamba m'malovu amadzi ndikutsuka milomo yawo kuchokera ku dongo.

Nthawi zina mbalame imayenera kumata makungwa kuti ichotse tizilombo ndi mphutsi pansi pake. Samanyoza ndi "kusamalira", akuwuluka modumphira kupita kwa odyetsa munda. Koma nuthatch samenyera chakudya, amakonda kudzipereka mpikisano mpaka mpheta yolimba ndi mpheta zosagwirizana.

Mawu omaliza ndi achikazi

Nuthatch amasankha bwino banja. Mlomo wawo ndi waufupi kuti adzipangire wekha, motero nthawi zambiri amakhala mwa anthu otaika. Nthawi zina, atayamba kuyeretsa zinyalala, mwadzidzidzi amapita kukafunafuna ina yabwino. Mawu omaliza pankhani yanyumba nthawi zambiri amakhalabe ndi achikazi.

Ataganizira nyumbayo, nutatch inayamba kuyikapo pulasitala. Kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonetsetsa bwino mkati mwa dzenje ndi mulomo mothandizidwa ndi makungwa ndi dongo, nthawi zina osakanikirana ndi manyowa. Ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza komweko, khomo ndilotsekedwa mpaka 3-4 cm kuti pasapezeke wina koma iwo kulowa mkati.

Pamwambapa wamkazi ndi mayi wodalirika komanso wolakwika. Ngozi yakufa yokha yomwe ingamukakamize kuti achoke chisa chake. Kugwira anapiye, nthawi yomweyo amatsuka dzenje ku chigamba chakale, kudya.

Pakadali pano, mwamunayo amagwira ntchito ngati wodyetsa ena. Atafika kunyumba, amaliza mokuwa kwinaku, ndipo mnzakeyo atatulutsa mutu mdzenje, amupatsa chakudya. Amatha kuuluka ndikubwerera mpaka ma 350 pa tsiku! Ndipo pakagwa ngozi adzalimbana ndi mdani mpaka kumapeto. Alenje akuti: ngati mugwira nsonga yolumikizana ndi nyama, palibe mphamvu yomwe imakakamiza mbalame ija kuti igawane ndi chakudya. Kuigwira mwamphamvu, nuthatch ikang'ambika mpaka kumasulidwa. Chifukwa chake, pamtondo wamtchire, nuthatch ndi chilango choyenera. Adzasonkhanitsa zokopa zonse ndi kuuluka mobwerezabwereza mpaka atatenga mbewu yomaliza.

“Anapiwe a Nuthatch amachoka koyambirira kwawo kunyumba kwa makolo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika patatha milungu itatu: mwina kumapeto kwa Meyi, kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Ndipo kenako amayamba kupeza okha chakudya, ”atero akatswiri a zamankhwala.

Masamba abwino kwambiri

Chopanga ndichodabwitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, imatha kuwuluka mosavuta pazenera lotseguka ndipo saopa kukhazikika m'manja mwanu ndi chithandizo, ngati mungayime kwakanthawi. Amakhala pafupifupi nyambo iliyonse, ndipo amene amagwiridwayo amakwiya ndi kuluma manja ake.

Chifukwa chachikhalidwe chapamwamba, ndizosavuta. Zowona, ngati ungasungire kunyumba, mudzafunika malo owuluka ambiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhalango: okhala ndi nthambi ndi owadyetsa. Amakhala bwino ndimiseche ndi malenje. Khwangwala sadzasiya kudabwitsidwa ndi manambala ake: Kukwera mwaluso kwambiri komanso masewera ena pang'ono. Chifukwa imatha kuwoneka pafupipafupi ku zoo.

Ndiwosavuta kum'phunzitsa misampha yosiyanasiyana: mwachitsanzo, kuponya ndalama kubanki ya nkhumba. Kuba ndi kubisa zinthu zanzeru iye ali ngati matsenga.

Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbalameyi ndi chisakanizo cha mazira a nyerere ndi hemp, ndipo mtedza wa pine utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo. Ngati mumusamalira bwino, ndiye kuti wopingayo amatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira khumi ndipo ngakhale kubereka ana. Koma ngati ayamba kumenya ndodo, ndibwino kuzichotsa, apo ayi zidzauma.

Chosankha nokha

Onani: wamba nuthatch.

Dzina lachi Latin: Sitta Europaea.

Kutalika kwa thupi: 12-16 masentimita. Mapiko akutalika amafika 25-27 cm.

Adilesi yakunyumba: Mtunduwu wafalikira ku Russia. Kudera la Belgorod wamba nuthatch amakhala chaka chonse. M'nkhalangoyi muli nkhalango zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi mitengo yambiri komanso malo osungirako zachilengedwe.

Khalidwe: mbalame yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa.

Nthawi ya moyo: kuthengo - pafupifupi zaka 10.

Mkhalidwe Woyang'anira: palibe chomwe chikuopseza malingaliro.

Mbalame yaying'ono imakhala m'minda yobzala mitengo, miyala kapena matanthwe a dziko lapansi. Miyendo yayifupi yolimba yokhala ndi zopindika zopindika. Mlomo wowongoka, wowongoka, wolimba, m'malo motalika, nuthatch umaphwanya mbewu zolimba, mtedza kapena ma acorn. Mchira wake ndi wowongoka, wamfupi. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zolimba. Ziwandazo ndi fluffy, wandiweyani. Pamwamba ndi monophonic, buluu, imvi, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira zakuda, kuyambira mulomo kudutsa diso mpaka khutu pali mzere wakuda, pa mchira pali malo oyera, kummero, chifuwa ndi pamimba pali oyera oyera, mbali zake ndi zofiirira.

Nyimbo yanyengo ya mkokomo - nyimbo yayikulu ngati "tfuiy-tfuiyu" yayitali. Kufuula - "pochtochtochoch" kapena "ttsit-ttsit". Zosuntha kwambiri komanso mokweza.

Kwa mayina ambiri am'mudzimo, mayina am'deralo ndi: opotera pamwamba, osewera, Wocheperako loyera, snoz, dyuyka, wakamba, cyanosis, Woodpecker buluu, Woodpecker, mole rat, goby, mutha kuwonjezera wina, woyenera kwambiri - German: Woodpecker. M'malo mwake, akumenya komanso kuthamanga, ngati ma tini, ndipo utoto wake umakhala wowoneka bwino kapena wochepera, koma malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake, malinga ndi mulomo wautali, mbalameyi imawoneka ngati Woodpecker.

Habitat

Mbalame zambiri zokhala ndi nkhalango zazitali kwambiri, makamaka zigwa zakale ndi mapiri. Chimakhala munkhalango - zonse zabwino, zosakanikirana komanso zowongoka, pomwe zimakonda malo okhala ndi mitengo yayitali komanso yakale, komwe imapeza chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala mofunitsitsa kumadera olimidwa - minda ndi mapaki okhala ndi mitengo yamitengo.

Ma biotopes amatha kusiyanasiyana malingana ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo - mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo kwa Europe komanso madera akumwera, nkhalango zotambalala zomwe zimakhala ndi oak, Hornbeam, ndi beech ndizosankhidwa. Kumpoto kwa mtunduwu kumafika kunkhalango-tundra, komanso kum'mwera - zigawo za mapiri, momwe zimakhalira m'nkhalango za tugai ndi malamba akunkhalango. Ku Siberia ndi ku Far East, komwe nkhalango zachilengedwe zimakonda kukhala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'matanthwe okhala ndi mkungudza kapena larch. Zadziwika kuti kugawanika kwa nkhalango, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutsika kwa mitundu yambiri, sizimakhudzanso kubwezeretsa kwa nuthatch wamba. Kumpoto kwa mtunduwu komanso mbali ina ya taiga yapakati, nthawi yachisanu imasamukira kum'mwera. M'nyengo yozizira, amalumikizana ndi gulu la mbalame zina, koma osadzikhazikitsa okha.

Njira zoyenda

Pofufuza chakudya, amasuntha momasuka pamiyendo yamiyala ndi m'miyala yosanjikizana uku ndi uku, pogwiritsa ntchito zopumira zazing'ono kwambiri pakhungwa kapena pamiyala, pomwe samasiyana ndi mbalame zomwe zikuyenda mwanjira yomweyo, sizitsamira mchira. Kusuntha kumachitika modzungulira kapena zigzag. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira pansi.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Chiyambireni cha nyengo ya kuswana chimatengera kutalika - mwachitsanzo, pakati pakatikati pa Russia, nuthatch imayamba kukhala chisa mu Epulo, komanso zigawo zakumpoto mwa Meyi.

Kuswana kumayambitsidwa ndi masewera a matching: champhongo patsogolo pa wokondedwa wake mwina, kumakopa mchira wake, kenako ndikuyimilira ndikukukoka ndi mzati, kusuntha mulomo wake ndikoloweka mulomo wake mbali ndi mbali. Poyankha izi, zazikazi zimatambasulira mfundo ndikung'ambika nthenga kumbuyo kwake.

Nthawi zonse chisa chimayikidwa mumtengo wa mtengo, nthawi zambiri pamtunda kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka kutalika kwa munthu, osati kutsika kuposa mamita 2 kuchokera pansi - nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa 4-8 m.

Nuthatch imakhala mdzenje woponyedwa ndi mitengo, chifukwa mosiyana ndi opanga mitengo, iwo eni sangathe kutulutsa dzenje. Zimadziwika kuti, mwachitsanzo, Woodpecker wakuda amatha masiku 10 mpaka 17 kukumba dzenje, amagwira ntchito maola 10 mpaka 13 patsiku. Pambuyo pake, mbalame zina, kuphatikizapo kuluma, zimakhazikika m'nyumba izi. Nathatches amagwiritsa ntchito zisa ndi bwalo lozungulira kapena dzenje lopanda tanthauzo lalikulu.

Nthawi zambiri, ngati bowo ndi lalikulu lokwanira, amaliphimbira ndi dongo, nthawi zina limasakanizidwa ndi manyowa, kuti atetezeke kwa adani, kusiya kokha pang'ono kozungulira ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 35 mm.

Dongo, likuumitsa, limapangitsa khomo kukhala lolimba kwambiri, ndipo palibe nyama yolusa yomwe ingalowe. Nthawi zina dongo silongokhala ndi dzenje, komanso madera apafupi ndi khungwa.

Zinyalala za chisa zimakhala ndi miyeso ing'onoing'ono ya khungwa loonda kwambiri, lomwe limakonda kukhala paini, ndipo nthawi zina masamba. Gawo lonse lakumbuyo limadzazidwa ndi izi, ndipo mazira kapena anapiye amizidwa mmenemo.

Mu clutch 4–12, nthawi zambiri mazira 69 amtundu wa "buluu" amakhala oyera, okhala ndi mawanga ofiira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo komanso owonekera kwambiri pansi pa chipolopolo kuposa ma tini, otsika mpaka kumapeto. Kukula kwa mazira ndi 18-22 * 13-16 mm.

Kumaswa kumayamba ndi kuyikira dzira lotsiriza, mkazi amakhala masiku 14-18. Imagundika mwamphamvu ndipo imawuluka pokhapokha ngati mdani kapena munthu akadziyandikira.

Chingwe chokhala ndi lalifupi pamutu, mapewa ndi kumbuyo, pharynx yamtambo wakuda-wofiira, milomo yoyera. Mbalame zonse zazikulu zimadyetsa. Kwa masiku 22-25, anapiyewo amakhala mdzenje, kenako makolo awo amawadyetsa kunja kwa dzenje kwa milungu iwiri.

Mawonekedwe a Biology

Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu osati mwaulemu. Koma pali anthu ammanja okha. Pali mkazi m'modzi pa amuna, maanja amakhala moyo wonse.

Amakhala moyo wongokhala, ndipo ngati simukuvutitsa, monga lamulo, amatsatira gawo limodzi, koma anthu ena amasamukira kwina, nthawi zina pamakhala zovuta zina zosagawika mdera lomwe lili kunja kwa mtundu wina.

M'nyengo yozizira, gawo la nuthatch limapanga kusamukira kwina, nthawi zambiri limatha kupezeka mwa magulu a mbalame. Chiwerengero chimasiyanasiyana kwambiri chaka ndi chaka. Mbalame yakutali, yosamala malo ake chaka chonse.

Mwambiri, nuthatch ndikudalira kwambiri ndipo mutha kuwayang'ana patali.

Mapazi oyenda

Zambiri zodziwika za ntchito za mbalame zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimayamwa. Mbalame sizigwirizana kwenikweni ndi nthaka, ndipo zina mwa izo sizikhala pansi nthawi zonse. Mbalame zambiri zimakhala pamitengo kapena pathanthwe, pomwe maula awo samasiyanso malo. Mukayenda, nuthatch amangodalira miyendo yakumbuyo. Pamaulendo, kuphatikiza miyendo, amagwiritsa ntchito mapiko.

Nuthatch ndi mbalame yaying'ono. Zala zinayi kumiyendo, zitatu zitatu zalunjika kutsogolo ndi chimodzi kumbuyo.

Nthawi zambiri anthu okhala m'nkhalangoyi, omwe, makamaka, amawoneka ngati miyendo yawo: zala zitatu zakumaso ndizolumikizana kapena zimalumikizana kwambiri, chala chakumbuyo chimapangidwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamlingo wazala zakumaso, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosiyanitsa ndi ena mukamagwira nthambi za mitengo. Nuthatch imayenda pansi, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupeza kwawo zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Nayi maukadaulo ena omwe atsalira ndi nuthatch

1) M'dzinja, chakudya chamasamba chimayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'zakudya za nuthatch. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi nzeru zokhazikika kuti zizisungira chakudya. Mwezi wa Ogasiti, nthawi zambiri nuthatching imatha kuwoneka pamitengo, pomwe mbalame, zikukwera pamtengo, zimabisala nthyole mu mtengo wa mtengo. Kutenga mbewu kwa wodyetserayo, mbalameyo imagwira ndi mlomo wake ndikuyinyamula kuti ikabisala. Wodyetserayo atapanda kanthu pamiyendo ya mitengo yambiri, ndizosavuta kupeza peels zopanda kanthu zomwe zimasungidwa paming'alu ya khungwa. Izi ndi tsatanetsatane wa nuthatch.

2) Ngati nutatch imatenga dzenje, nthawi zambiri, bowo limakhala lalikulu mokwanira, limakutidwa ndi dongo, nthawi zina limaphatikizidwa ndi malovu, kuti lizitetezere kwa adani. Pa dongo louma, ndiye kuti milomo ya milomo imawonekera bwino.

Kugawa

Amagawidwa ku Eurasia, North America ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Wamng'ono kwambiri mwa iwo, wokhala ku North America, mwana wamphongo, tingamufanizire ndi kakang'ono. Ndipo wamkulu kwambiri, wamkulu wotchedwa nuthatch wokhala ku Burma ndi ku China China alinso nyenyezi wamba. Tili ndi mtundu wamba.

Sizovuta kukumana ndi nutatch m'nkhalango za Chelyabinsk, makamaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, mbalame zosamukira zikachoka kale kudera lathu, ndipo nkhalango yopanda kanthu yomwe yataya masamba idawonedwa mtunda wautali. Mtundu wa nuthatch umakhala nkhalango zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakonda kukhwima ndi kutalika, zili ndi mabowo ambiri komanso malo okhathamira nthawi yophukira nyengo yachisanu.

Ndizosangalatsa kuphunzitsa nuthatch kuyendera malo anu odyetsera nyengo yachisanu, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta ngati mukukhala kunja kwa mzinda kapena pafupi ndi paki yamzinda. Pa wodyetsa, ikani mbewu za mpendadzuwa, chivwende, vwende, dzungu, mtedza wa paini, masamba a peel Hazelnut ndi mapendekero a mafuta anyani. Kenako pakapita kanthawi mudzatha kuwona nuthatch ndi mbalame zina kuchokera patali tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nuthatch (mbalame): imawoneka ngati mbalame yanji? Kodi mbalameyo ndi natchatch kapena mbalame yozizira?

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