Udongosolo mwadongosolo
Giredi: Mbalame - Aves.
Gulu: Passeriformes - Passeriformes.
Banja: Flycatcher - Muscicapidae.
Onani: Jekeseni wa Rock Strush - Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Mkhalidwe 2 "Zowopsa" - 2, HC.
Kugawa
Padziko lonse lapansi: North West Africa, Europe. Mu Russian Federation mumakhala Caucasus, Altai, kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi Barguzinsky Range. . Dera loberekeralo lagawidwa m'magawo awiri akutali.
Chimodzi mwazomwe chimakwirira mapiri a GKH kuchokera pagombe la Fisht-Oshtenovsky kupita kumalire ndi KCR. Tsamba lina lili kumapiri otsika kufupi ndi Gelendzhik ndi Novorossiysk. Mbalame zapa nthawi zina zinajambulidwa ku East Azov Nyanja. Ku KK, mbalame yosanja yosamukasamuka.
Masanjidwe
Mwala wakuda wabuluu waku EuropeMonticola solitarius solitarius L. Wamphongo wamkulu ndi wabuluu wakuda wokhala ndi mabatani amtambo wamtambo, nthenga zazikulu zamapiko ake zimakhala zakuda zokhala ndi malire amtambo wa buluu, nthenga za mchira zimakhala zofananira. Watsopano nthenga pambuyo yophukira nthenga zokhala ndi malire yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Yaikazi pamwamba imakhala yotuwa ndipo imakhala yolumikizira m'mizere yofanana ndi yaimuna yomwe ili ndi nthenga zatsopano, pansi pake imakhala yoyera komanso yoyera ndimiyendo yoyera. Amuna achichepere okhala ndi mawonekedwe a buluu. Maso ndi a bulauni, miyendo imakhala yachikuda, bilu ndi yakuda, yokhala ndi chikasu kumunsi kwa nsagwada yapansi. Mapiko pafupifupi 120-130 mm, osakulirapo, mchira pafupifupi 80-85 mm. Switzerland, Pyrenees, kumwera kwa France, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, zisumbu za Mediterranean, kumwera mpaka kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia Minor, Palestine, kumadzulo kwa Iran, ku USSR yakale - ku Caucasus.
Trans-Caspian Blue Stone DrondMonticola solitarius longirostris Mtundu wake ndi wopaka - onse amuna ndi akazi. Wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mawonekedwe aku Europe - mapiko ndi 112-125 mm, kawirikawiri mpaka 127 mm. S.v. Iran, dera la Trans-Caspian (Kopet-Dag), mwina madera akumadzulo a Turkestan. Zisanu nyengo yachisanu kumpoto. Africa ndi NW India.
Turkestan buluu mwala wakubowolaMonticola solitarius pandoo Ili ndi mtundu wakuda osati wamtundu wakale, komanso wampikisano wa ku Europe, amphongo amakhala amdima, amaso amtambo, achikazi ndi amtundu wakuda bii. Makulidwe ake ndi ochepa - mapiko ndi 110-121 mm. Kuchokera ku Tibet ndi pulogalamu. China kupita ku Tien Shan, Ferghana, Alai, Pamir, Balochistan, Ladakh ndi Kashmir. Kumadzulo, osachepera mpaka ku Karatau, Samarkand ndi kum'mawa kwa Bukhara (Kulyab). Nyengo ku India, kumwera kwa China ndi Ceylon.
Ussuri mwala wabuluuMonticola solitarius rnagnus. Amasiyana ndi onse akale kuti amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira wamtambo, ndipo mabere, m'mimba, malaya ndi mkati mwa utoto wofiirira, akazi amakhala abuluu wochokera pansi, amdima kuposa mitundu ina kuchokera pamwamba. Malinga ndi izi M. s. magnus ndi ofanana ndi Chinese M. s. philippensis. Miiller (Natursyst., Anhang, 1776, p. 142), koma kukula kwa mbalame za Ussuri ndikokulirapo - mapiko a amuna ndi 120-129 mm, zachikazi ndi 115-125 mm, pomwe ku China malingaliro ofanana ndi 112-126 mm okha. Amakhala pachidikha cha Ussuri, pachilumba cha Askold, ku Korea ndi Japan, komanso nthawi yozizira kum'mwera chakum'mawa. A Asia.
Zizindikiro zakunja za mwala wabuluu
Kukula kwa thupi la mwala wamtambo wabuluu ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa nyenyezi. Thupi la mbalame limakhala lalitali 20 cm, mapiko amafika masentimita 33 mpaka 37. Mbalameyo imalemera magalamu 50-70. Akazi ndi amuna amadziwika ndi mtundu wa chikuto cha nthenga.
Blue mwamba thrush (Monticola solitarius).
Zambiri zamphongozo ndi zofiirira, zokhala ndi mapiko ndi mchira wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda. Amisili achichepere ndi achichepere amakhala amtambo wonyezimira komanso amtambo wakuda kumbuyo ndi chifuwa chakumaso chakumaso, pachifuwa, m'mphepete, pakhosi lopaka utoto. Ziwonetsero zazimuna ndi zabwinobwino.
Zovuta zakum'mawa za Kum'mawa zimadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu; zimakhala ndi zotuwa zofiirira komanso pamimba.
Miyala yamtambo imatulutsa, kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, kukhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo ndi mtundu wa nyimbozo.
Mawonekedwe
Mtundu wamiyala yamtambo nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi mwala wopendekera pamiyala, koma umasiyana bwino mtundu wamtambo wakuda, mchirawo umakhala wautali. Malinga ndi zizolowezi, imafanana ndi chotenthetsera kuposa kutulutsa. Nthawi zambiri imayimba pa ntchentche, yofalitsa mapiko ndi mchira wake. M'miyala yamtambo wamtambo, mtundu wamtundu wa kugonana umatchulidwa ndipo amuna ndi akazi amatha kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake, makamaka, monga momwe amachitira ena onse amtundu wamiyala yamiyala. Amunawa ali ndi mauwa akuda komanso amtambo (amphongo a ku Far East ali ndi mimba yofiirira komanso yovala), ndipo zazimayimaso zimasozana. Maso a amuna ndi akazi ndi abula, miyendo ndi yakuda, mulomo ndi wakuda. Pokhala ndi kukula kwama 20 cm, ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa nyenyezi wamba. Amadziwika ndi machitidwe amanyazi.
Kuyimba
Kuyimba kwamphamvu kwa mwala wabuluu kumamveka ngati melodic ndi melancholic. Zimakhala zowonekera makamaka mbalame zina zikagona usiku kapena nthawi yamvula. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kumveka kwamtundu wanthawi imodzi kumayimba. Monga lamulo, mbalameyi imayamba kuyimba ikukhala pamwamba pa mwala, koma zimachitika kuti imayimba nthawi yakuwombera ndi mchira wake womalizira, womwe umamaliza ndikutsika pansi.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Thonje lamwala wabuluu limatanthauza osaka omwe akudikirira nyama zawo. Amakhala pamalo okwezeka ndikudikirira kuti agwidwe m'munda wake wamasomphenya. Chakudya chake chimakhala makamaka ndi tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi, kuchokera ku zipatso, zomwe amazinyamula mwachindunji pansi kapena m'matumba a mbewu. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi dziwe, chifukwa imamwa kwambiri ndikutsuka m'madzi tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuswana
Aliyense amakakamira pamalo omwe amakhala pachibwenzi moyo wawo wonse, womwe umatha kupezeka pathanthwe kapena phanga laling'ono. Mwala wamtambo wa buluu, womwe ndi mbalame yosamukasamuka, umakhazikika kumapeto kwa Marichi ndikusiya mu Seputembala. Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera kumizu ndi mizu ya zomera za herbaceous, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala ndi zopangika zomangira zofewa. M'mwezi wa Meyi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira 4-6 amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira (mazira ndi ofanana ndi mazira a mwala wopendekera mwala, koma wopepuka) ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Kukula kwa dzira ndi 27,57 x 19,91 mm. Mazira kuwaswa masiku 12-13. Pambuyo pobadwa, anapiyewo amakhala mu chisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 18, ndipo mu June amayamba kuuluka. Kwa kanthawi amapita ndi makolo awo paulendo wapaulendo wapaulendo, kenako nkuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Zambiri mwa mitundu imeneyi mwa amuna zimapezeka mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo.
Zosiyanitsa
Mwala wamiyala yakum'mawa kwa East Asia, umasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo koposa zonse, chifuwa, m'mimba, mkati ndi mkati mwa mtundu wakuda bii. Akazi kumbali yakumaso yaubweya ndi wakuda, kumbali yakumbuyo kumakhala kwamdima kuposa mitundu ina. Ndipo mwala wamtambo wa Trans-Caspian woponyera utoto amaonekera bwino kuposa momwe amachitira ku Europe ndi ku Turkestan subspecies.
Zambiri za biology ndi ecology
Malo okhala malo osyanasiyana ndi malo opezeka udzu wochepa kwambiri, osakanikirana ndi miyala, malo otsetsereka a Mediterranean pamtunda wokongola, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zingwe zimakonzedwa pansi kapena m'matanthwe. Mu clutch mazira 4-6. Zopatsa zimadya tizilombo ndi zipatso.
Kuchuluka ndi zochitika zake
Kummwera chakumwera kwa Europe ku Russia, kuchuluka kwa mitundu kukuyerekeza pafupifupi 5,000 ndi awiriawiri. Ku KK, mtunduwu ndi wocheperako, mitundu iwiri yochezeramo ndi yosowa. Pali chizolowezi chakuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa mbalame mdera la Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk. Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri, sichidutsa awiriawiri mpaka 20-30.
Njira zofunikira komanso zowonjezera chitetezo
Mwala wosakanizira wamiyala umasungidwa m'magawo a KGBPZ. Ndikofunikira kupanga malo otetezedwa (zipilala zachilengedwe) mdera la Gelendzhik-Novorossiysk la mlengalenga mumalo a mbalame iliyonse. Pofalitsa mabodza ambiri oteteza zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala kuti zichitike.
Magwero achidziwitso. 1. Belik, 2005, 2. Kazakov, Bakhtadze, 1998, 3. Kazakov, Belik, 1971, 4. Oleinikov, Kharchenko, 1964, 5. Ochapovsky, 1967a, 6. Petrov, Kurdova, 1961, 7. mbalame za Soviet Union, 1954b, 8. Stepanyan, 2003, 9. Turov, 1932, 10. IUCN, 2004. Adalemba. P.A. Tilba.
Mwala wamtambo wabuluu
Kuyimba kwamphamvu kwa mwala wabuluu kumamveka ngati melodic ndi melancholic. Zimakhala zowonekera makamaka mbalame zina zikagona usiku kapena nthawi yamvula. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kumveka kwamtundu wanthawi imodzi kumayimba. Monga lamulo, mbalameyi imayamba kuyimba ikukhala pamwamba pa mwala, koma zimachitika kuti imayimba nyimbo ikamamenyedwa ndi mchira womalizira, womwe umamaliza ndikutsika pansi.
Onani zomwe "Blue Stone Thrush" zili m'madikishonale ena:
Mwala wamtambo wabuluu - Monticola solitarius onaninso 18.15.5. Mwala wa Genus umaponya mwala wa Monticola Blue mwala Monticola solitarius Wamphongo ndi wabuluu wokhala ndi mapiko akuda ndi mchira, pamimba pamakhala mbalame zofiirira zofiirira kuchokera ku Far East. Akazi ndi achinyamata ... ... mbalame zaku Russia. Buku lothandizira
mwala wabuluu - mėlynasis akmeninis strazdas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: zambiri. Monticola solitarius angl. blue rock thrush vok. Blaumerle, f. mwala wakuda wabuluu, m pranc. monticole merve bleu, m ryšiai: platesnis terminas - ... ... Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas
Motley Stonebird - Monticola saxatilis wonaninso 18.15.5. Mwala wakuwala umasuntha mwala wa Monticola Variegated mwala Monticola saxatilis wamwamuna wokhala ndi nuhvostu yoyera, chifuwa chofiyira komanso m'mimba, zazikazi ndi zofiyira zachinyamata. Zomera m'mapiri ... ... Mbalame za ku Russia. Buku lothandizira
Mwala wotupa - (Monticola) mtundu wamitundu iyi. zovala zakuda (onani). Zoponya izi (Turdus, Merula) ndi zoyandikana kukula, koma malinga ndi thupi ndi mawonekedwe a mdomo amakhala ngati bango. Mitundu yokhudzana ndi D.E.D amakhala m'miyala yamiyala ya Old World ndi ... ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus ndi I.A. Efron
Mtundu wakuda - Turdus merula wonaninso 18.15.1. Mtundu wakuda wa Turdus wakuda wa Turdus merula Wamphongo ndi wakuda kwathunthu ndi mulomo wamalalanje ndi mphete kuzungulira diso, chachikazi ndi chaching'ono chofiirira ndi mchira wakuda, mawonekedwe osinthika pachifuwa ndi kuwala ... ... mbalame zaku Russia. Buku lothandizira
Thupi loukedwa ndi khosi - Turdus torquatus wonaninso 18.15.1. Genus Turdus thrush Woyera-wokhala ndi khosi Turdus torquatus Lachikulu thrush (kowoneka bwino kuposa kukhala ndi nyenyezi). Wamphongo ndi woderapo wakuda wokhala ndi nthenga zowala ndi malo oyera pamtambo wowoneka ngati mapiri, okhala ndi mapiko oyera ... ... Mbalame zaku Russia. Wikipedia Directory
Mwala wabuluu wamtundu wa buluu wa banja la ntchentche akuwongolera, dongosolo la Passeriformes. Mitunduyi imayimiriridwa ndi magulu asanu omwe adagawidwa ku Eurasia, North Africa ndi Sumatra. Mwala wamtambo wabuluu umawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha boma cha Malta.
Zizolowezi za mwala wamtambo wabuluu
Mwala wabuluu umamatirira ku zigwa za mapiri ozunguliridwa ndi miyala. Imakhala pamtunda woposa mamilimita 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Imakonda magombe amiyala, mabwinja a nyumba, zopezeka m'malo okhala anthu. Pamakhala mapiri owuma a mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndimakoko, chimanga, ming'alu, misewu, yokutidwa ndi udzu kapena zitsamba zochepa.
Wosavomerezeka amasankha malo okhalapo m'miyala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso pamiyala yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mapiri, pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja.
Ku China, amakhala mkati mwa dzikolo, makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa. Pakadali pano, malo omwe mwala umakhala sunasinthe kwambiri.
Zokhudza mchitidwe wamiyala yamtambo wabuluu
Mathanthwe amiyala yamtambo amasungidwa okha kapena awiriawiri pamiyala, miyala, pansi. Izi ndi mbalame zokongola. Amawuluka mwachangu komanso ndi mapiko amphamvu, amatha kutsika mapiko otseguka. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi dziwe. Amakonda kusambira komanso kumwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo tambiri nthawi zonse timawuluka pafupi ndi madzi.
Amuna a Bluebird amatsanzira mawu a mbalame zina. Amayimba pa-off kapena, atakhala paphiri, modzitama komanso mokweza mawu. Pakakhala ngozi, kulira kwakuthwa kumaperekedwa - "cheke".
Ma buluu amiyala nthawi zambiri amanjenjemera kuchokera pamwala kupita pamwala. Nthawi ndi nthawi amakweza ndi kutsitsa mchira wawo wamfupi, ndikudumphira pansi.
Kuchuluka kwa mwala wamtambo wabuluu
Chiwerengero cha mbalame zamtunduwu m'mitundu yonseyo sichili chachikulu. M'mphepete mwa miyala ya Primorye, pali mbalame ziwiri zokha, kawirikawiri 2, kutalika kwa kilomita 1. M'mayiko ena ku Europe, ma bulugi amiyala ndi mbalame zosowa kwambiri chifukwa chotayika malo abwino osowa malo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Kuyimba kwamphamvu kwa mwala wabuluu kumamveka ngati melodic ndi melancholic.
Sungani mwala wabuluu
Njira zotetezera malo osungirako Lazovsky, Sikhote-Alinsky, ndi Far Eastern zikugwiranso ntchito pamwala wamtambo wa buluu. Zochitika zapadera sizipangidwa. Mwa kusungitsa malo okhalamo, mutha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa miyala yamtambo yamtambo. Pa mulingo wapadziko lonse lapansi, mwala wamtambo wa buluu umalembedwa mu SPES 3, Bonn Convention (Appendix II), ndi Bernese Thrush (Appendix II), monga mtundu womwe umafunikira chitetezo ndi mgwirizano.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani .
Zabwino kusunga ndi gulu la mitundu ya mtundu mwala umaponya - Monticola. Pali mitundu itatu mwa zinyama zathu. Mbalame izi zimawonetsa kukongola kwa kugonana mwa mtundu. Mwala wamiyala yamiyala yaimuna (Monticola saxatilis) utoto wowala bwino. Mutu wake ndi khosi lake ndi lamtambo, kumbuyo kwake ndi mapiko ake ndi a bulauni, misomali yake ndiyoyera, thupi lake lamkati ndi lamtambo. Amakhala m'mapiri kumwera kwa Western ndi Central Siberia, komanso kumapiri a Central Asia, Caucasus ndi Carpathians. Pamakhala mapiri ouma a mapiri, yokutidwa ndi masamba owerengeka.
Khalidwe la miyala yamkuwa limazindikiridwa ndi mikwingwirima pafupipafupi komanso zopindika mchira.
Nyimboyi imakhala ndi ma trill osangalatsa, azungu ndi mawondo amatsata mbalame zina. A. Brem analemba kuti: "Kuyimba ndi kwabwino, kolemera ndi kosiyanasiyana, kokweza komanso kokwanira komanso nthawi yomweyo, kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kutengera malo omwe woimbayo amakhala, komanso luso lake, ili ndi ziganizo ndi stanzas lonse kuchokera ku nyimbo za mbalame zina, monga nightingale, blackbird, songbird, warbler, munda ndi steppe lark, zinziri, mbalame yokhala ndi mutu wofiyira, finchi, Oriole, hazel grouse komanso tambala. " Nthawi yomweyo, mawondo a mbalame zosiyidwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mwala woponyera mwala ndizabwino kwambiri.
Zisa za mbalame zimamangidwa pakati pa miyala kapena m'miyala. Awa ndimalo omasuka chifukwa cha zigamba zachomera. Zabisidwa mwaluso, kotero ndizovuta kuzipeza. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 6 obiriwira obiriwira. Makolo onsewa amalowetsa mazira kudyetsa anapiye.
Kunyumba, kuponyera miyala kumadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi monga kuponyera kwenikweni. Kudyetsa manja kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri. Amatha kubereketsa m'makhola apakhomo, kudyetsa anapiye amtundu wina. A. Brem amakhulupirira kuti "amatha kuwerengedwa motakasuka pakati pa mbalame zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Europe."
Mwanjira ina yotsika kwa iye pakutha kuyimba mwala wabuluu(Monticola solitarius) amene amasangalala, komabe, ali ndi mbiri ngatiyonso woyimba wabwino kwambiri. Amakhala kumapiri a Kumwera kwa Europe, North Africa, Asia kummawa mpaka ku Pacific Ocean, komwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa miyala. Amuna akumpoto chakumadzulo amakhala amtambo wamtambo, ndipo mawonekedwe Akutali ndi amaso awiri - thupi lakumwamba, mutu ndi khosi ndimtambo, ndipo pamimba ndi mkati mwake ndi ofiira. Akazi, monga miyala ina yamiyala, ali ndi bulauni yakuda m'malo mwa nondescript. Ali ndi mawanga owoneka ngati bulauni pakhosi pawo.
Ma Bluebird m'maiko aku Mediterranean, makamaka ku Greece ndi Malta amadziwika ngati oyimba chipinda. Kudyetsa kuchokera ku zisa ndi anapiye amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kupita nawo ku ukapolo.
Komabe, kwa osaka zoweta, zomwe amakonda pakati pa miyala ikuluikulu ndiz nkhalango yamwala(Monticola gularis) . Amakhala m'nkhalango zakumwera kwa Far East ndipo imagwera m'maselo a okonda nthawi zambiri. Wocheperako kuposa abale ake. Amuna ali ndi "kapu" wamtambo ndi mapewa, komanso ulusi wakunja kwa nthenga ndi nthenga za mchira. Khosi ndi mawanga m'mapiko ndi zoyera. Chifukwa cha ichi amatchedwa dzina lina - chotupa chakumaso . Mmbali mwa mutu, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira-zakuda. Msana wamkazi, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, pali mawanga amiyendo kumbuyo, "kapu" pamutu ndi imvi, mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi imayeretsedwa ndi timiyala tofiirira tofiirira. Mosiyana ndi abale awo omwe amakhala m'matanthwe, mwala wamtchire umakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowoneka bwino m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Siochuluka, anthu akumpoto ndi mbalame zosamukira.
Mu nyimbo yakeyo pamakhala mawu osangalatsa kwambiri. Izi, komanso mawonekedwe okongola komanso kukula kocheperako zimapangitsa mwala wamtchire kuti uzisangalatsa kukhala nyama yabwino kwambiri.
Vladimir Ostapenko. "Ndi mbalame m'nyumba mwanu." Moscow, "Ariadia", 1996