Nyama yolusa kwambiri kapena yovuta yomwe ikufuna kugwira hamggy hamster ikumana ndi zovuta kwambiri - ndipo kuyesaku kutha kutha kudwala kwambiri ngakhale kufa. "Ngodya", nyamayi yolemera 0,5 mpaka 1 makilogalamu imachita molimba mtima. Poyamba, amangirira chovala chake chachitali, chofananira ndi pansipa, kuwonetsa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera. Ngati wopezererayo akudziwa kale izi, ndiye kuti angasiye kuzunza kwake koopsa. Ngati sichoncho, kuzunzidwa kumamuyembekezera, ngakhale kufa ndi poizoni wamphamvu.

Komwe mbewa ingakhale ndi poizoni sichikudziwika mpaka pano. Posachedwa, akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zaku Britain, motsogozedwa ndi Fritz Vollrath (Fritz Vollrath) apeza nkhaniyi, ndipo zomwe apeza sizinali zosayembekezereka. Ma Hamsters samatulutsa ndi "gland" wakupha uliwonse, amawutenga - monga momwe asaka aku Africa, amagwiritsa ntchito mivi ndi mikondo yoyambira poizoni kuti asaka nyama yayikulu.

Poyamba, asayansi adatha, kuwona momwe ma shaggy hamggy amasungidwira, kuti azindikire momwe makoswe aluma kwambiri ndi makungwa a Abyssinian acocanter, mtengo womwe poizoni wake ndi wodziwika bwino ku mafuko aku Africa. Khungwa lophwanyika, lophatikizidwa ndi malovu a hamster, limapanga zosakaniza zowoneka bwino zomwe nyamayo imagwiranso ntchito mkati mwamkati. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumakhala ndi chidwi chochulukirapo, chosangalatsa champhamvu cha minofu ya mtima, chomwe chimawonjezera kugunda kwamtima. Mothandizidwa ndi makulidwe olekanitsidwa ndi mtengo womwewo wa hamsters, Aaborijini aku East Africa adasakapo masewera akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo njovu.

Hamster yathu siyosavuta kwambiri: ngati mdani amuluma, adzatenga pakamwa lonse la tsitsi, ndipo nawo padzakhala poizoni wambiri, womwe, kutengera kuchuluka kwake, ungalepheretse nyamayo kwakanthawi kapena kwamuyaya. Mpaka pano, tidadziwa chitsanzo chofananira chimodzi - ma hedgehogs, singano yake yomwe imakhalanso ndi zodabwitsa zambiri zosasangalatsa kwa amene akuchitira nkhanzayo. Komabe, poizoni yemwe shaggy hamsters amagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso amaika pachiwopsezo moyo kwa wozunzawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makoswewo akhale apadera.

Zikuwoneka kuti, shaggy hamsters adapeza bwino njira yotetezera iyi kalekale. Zambiri mwazomwe zimapangidwa zimasinthidwa modabwitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mopambanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a undercoat wawo wakuda-ndi-oyera pansi pa maikulosikopu amaoneka kuti ndi ovuta ndipo ali ndi gawo lakunja lozunguliridwa ndi mabowo osaposa tchizi. Zotsatira zake, tsitsi lililonse limatenga bwino zinthu zowoneka bwino, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osakanizika omwe hamster "amakonzekeretsa".

Tsatanetsatane angapo adapangidwa kuti amalola kuti hamster ipulumuke - chifukwa ngakhale wowukira akamalavulira chovalacho ndikulandila koyimbidwa koyamba ndi poizoni, makenthengawo amakakamizidwa m'njira inayake kuthana ndi zovuta za nsagwada zake. Kwa izi, shaggy hamster ali, makamaka khungu lolimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale. Ndipo, zoonadi, nyamayo payokha idayamba kulimbana ndi poizoni wa acocanter, ndipo imagwidwa ndi zotuluka.

Mwa njira, timakupatsani chidziwitso cha poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri wa nyama 10, "Poison rating".

Zizindikiro zakunja za hamggy hamster

Kutalika kwa nyama ya shaggy hamster ndi masentimita 36, ​​omwe ndi okulirapo kuposa kukula kwamphongo omwe ali ndi 26-30 cm.Ulitali wa makoswe umachokera ku 590 mpaka 920 magalamu.

Miyendo ndi yochepa kuyerekeza ndi thupi. Kutalika kwa mchira kumachokera ku 140 mpaka 175 mm. Shaggy hamsters ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a chigaza. Mphamvu yake imalimbikitsidwa ndi mafupa owonjezera m'malo ena. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi chitetezo chofunikira pokana kuukira.

Shaggy hamster (Lophiomys imhausi).

Ma hamgi achigololo amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira, wakuda kapena wakuda, pomwe pali mawonekedwe owoneka a mikwaso yoyera ndi mawanga. Chingwe chautali ndi chautali, wandiweyani, chofewa. Kumbuyo kuli chingwe chakuda cha ubweya wonenepa. M'mphepete pali chingwe chowala. Ha shaggy hamster akakwiyitsidwa kapena kuwopa, tsitsi lakumbuyo lake limakwera, ndikuwulula khungu ndi zofunikira kumbali ya thupi. Ali ndi izi, hamggy hamster amafanana ndi porcupine.

Dongosolo la glandular limatulutsa fungo lamphamvu kwambiri ngati makemikolo omwe amasula.

Makhalidwe otetezedwa mu shaggy hamsters amawonekera pomwe akuwopsezedwa ndi adani. Limbali lakutsogolo kwa ndodo limasinthidwa kuti lizitola chakudya, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu.

Mchira waubweya umakhala pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa thupi ndipo umafikira masentimita 14-21.4. Ma auricles ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira m'mphepete ndi oyera. Maso ndi ochepa.

Zambiri zokhala ndi zala zinayi zakula. Amakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Patsogola, chala chimodzi chimatsutsana pang'ono ndi ena, izi zimathandizira chidwi chake.

The shaggy hamster amakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri: nkhalango, malo owuma komanso onyowa, chipululu.

Makoswe odabwitsa awa

Chimodzi mwazambiri
. mabanja apanja - Mbewa (Muridae), kufalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimaphatikizapo nyama zazing'onoting'ono zazikulupo, thupi lalitali kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 50 komanso mchira wopanda pang'ono mpaka masentimita 45. Mitundu yayikulu ndi: mbewa, hamster, gerbil.

Ambiri
Mbewa (Mus), Amachokera kum'mawa chakum'mawa, mitundu yambiri imakhala m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha. Mitundu ina idakhala yachilengedwe chonse ndikugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi; mbewa zimabweretsa kumpoto ndi South America ndi zilumba zambiri. Mbewa Yanyumba (M. museulus)Imaberekanso nyengo yotentha, komanso m'malo okhala anthu - chaka chonse. Mbewa zimakhwima pofika miyezi 1.5-3.Mus musculus, M'malo ena ndizofala kwambiri mpaka anthu 200,000, kapena mbewa ziwiri pa mita imodzi, atha kukhala pa hekitala imodzi. mita.

Khalani pamtunda wambiri komanso wotsika kwambiri

Makoswe osasiya kudabwitsanso akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi luso komanso luso lawo lapadera. Amakhala bwino ndikubzala onse mufiriji kutentha kwa madigiri 18-20, ndipo kuseri kwa kuboweka kwa boiler, komwe kutentha kumakhala kosalekeza pafupifupi madigiri 40. Khoswe amatha kukhala ndi moyo wopanda madzi kupitilira ngamira.

Makoswe a chipululu Osatulutsa thukuta ndipo musavutike ndi kupuma movutikira. Amatunga madzi motere: amatenga nthanga, naziika m'mchenga kuti ziume, kenako amagwiritsa nthito izi ngati chinkhupule kuti azitha kutola chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga.

Agalu otetezera kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake mchilankhulo chovuta chomwe chimaphatikizapo mayina ndi mawu - mawu omwe amatanthauza zomwe zimasiyana ndi dera lomwe agaluwo amachokera.

Amayi a squirrel mwaulemu amateteza ana awo kotero kuti amakankhira abambo a agologolo kunja kwa chisa mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe - komabe, nthawi yozizira, amayi amalola abambo kugona mu chisa ndi banja lonse.

Chiwerengero cha kupumira

. mwa zinyama, zimatengera kukula kwa nyamayo, yomwe imasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya kagayidwe. Ndi (pamphindi imodzi): mu kavalo - 8-16, chimbalangondo chakuda - 15-25, mu nkhandwe - 25-40, mu khwawa - 100-150 (malinga ndi zina 70 705 times / min), mu mbewa - pafupifupi 200. Mpweya wabwino wamapapu umangopereka kusinthana kwa gasi, komanso umakhala ndi phindu. Ndi kutentha kowonjezereka, kuchuluka kwa kupumira kumawonjezeka, ndipo limodzi nawo kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumachotsedwa m'thupi kumakulanso.

Mtima wa mbewa
limamenyedwa 320-780, mu makalabu akuluakulu 250-600 / mphindi, pakadali mwa anthu, kugunda kwake kumakhala kumenya kwa 60-80 pamphindi. Mlingo wamtima mu ratchi yatsopano ndi 81-241 / mphindi.

Kumva
Zinapezeka kuti makoswe ndi nkhumba zozungulira zimamva phokoso mpaka 40 kHz. Poyerekeza: malire apamwamba akumva a anthu ndi 20 kHz.

Nthawi zambiri amakhala akusungunula

Pazinyama zoyimilira, kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kumawonedwa. Mu mitundu ina, zimachitika kawiri pachaka - m'dzinja ndi masika, zotere agologolondipo apa agologolo pansi, pansi molt kamodzi pachaka, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe.

At agologolo masentimita2 pamtunda chilimwe pali pafupifupi 4200 tsitsi, ndipo nthawi yozizira - 8100.

Kutsegulira pa tv
Andean nsomba mbewa (Andes Fishing Mouse) idapezeka mwanjira yoseketsa. Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Britain Mammal Society linawonera kanema wawayilesi kuchokera kumoyo wamtchire wa Andes, adawona mbewa pamtundu ndipo, posazindikira mawonekedwe ake, adalengeza kutuluka kwa mtundu watsopano.

Nyama zodula kwambiri
Makoswe ndi tizirombo tambiri taulimi ndikuwononga thukuta lonse la matani a chakudya ofunika mapaundi 43 miliyoni.

Kuchulukitsa kumayendetsedwa

Mitundu ina ya makoswe (agologolo mandimu) mzaka zina chifukwa chachulukirachulukira chifukwa chobala kwambiri, kuperewera kwa chakudya, ndi zina zambiri. misa yomwe idathamangitsidwa kunja kwa malowo ndikufa.

Kufuna kugona
... makoswe osiyanasiyana amakhala osiyanasiyana. Kotero mwachitsanzo khoswe mwana amagona osakwana ola limodzi patsiku, nkhumba yoyenda - maola 7 usiku, khoswe ndi mbewa - maola 13 masana, gologolo ndi hamster - maola 14 masana.

Makolo akale amakoswe amakono anali kukula kwa njati ndipo anali ndi mchira waukulu

Pokhala ndi moyo zaka 8 miliyoni zapitazo, mbalame yotchedwa Phoberomys pattersoni inali yowoneka bwino ndipo inkawoneka ngati nkhumba yosungiramo, koma yayikulu yokha yomwe inali ndi mchira wautali, yomwe idathandizira kuti iziyenda ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Mano ake anakula mosalekeza. Zotsalira za nyamazo zidapezeka mu 2000 mu umodzi mwa madambo aku Venezuela. Makoswe akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, malinga ndi iye, anali kulemera pafupifupi 700 makilogalamu, komanso kutalika kwa 2.5 m (kupatula mchira). Chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu kotere, makoswewo amayenera kuimirira chilili, osati "kugwada," ngati hamsters amakono, makoswe ndi nkhumba za Guinea. Kutali kutali, megacrys amafanana ndi njati.

Khola la prehistoric limayenera kudya udzu wambiri kuti likhale lokwanira, lidakutidwa ndi ubweya wamfupi, mutu wa makoswewo unali wosalala, ndipo mchira wake waukuluwo udamuthandiza kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuwunika momwe adani amadyera. Panali wina woti azisaka phula, pomwe ng'ona zikuluzikulu zimakhala m'malo omwewo, kutalika kwake mpaka 10 m.

"Wachibale" wamakono wapamtima wa Phoberomys pattersoni ndi Pakarana - mbendera yosuntha pang'onopang'ono yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango ya Amazon, yomwe, ngati siidadyedwe ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera pasadakhale, imatha kulemera makilogalamu 15.

Makoswe akuluakulu

Chachikulu kwambiri cha makoswe amakono ndi capybara, kapena capybara (Hydrocheoerus), wokhala m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za ku Central ndi South America. Imafika kutalika kwa 1 m 30 cm ndi kulemera kwa 60 kg.

Makoswe okhala ndi mphaka
Asitikali aku Israeli, omwe amakhala mumzinda wa Hebroni, kumwera kwa West Bank, tsopano ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi mdani wina - makoswe. Makoko awa amafikira kukula kwa mphaka, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "mphaka"Akuluma kale asitikali atatu aku Israeli, nyuzipepala ya Maariv inati. Ndiwowopsa, ndipo amphaka salimbika kuti awasake.

Kummwera kwa Kyrgyzstan, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mitundu yachilendo kwalembedwa makoswe. Nyama izi zimatha kukwera pamitengo ndipo sizingatengeke ndi ziphetso zapadera. Mtunduwu wa makoswe udawonetsedwa m'chigawo chimodzi cha Uzbekistan, pomwe woweta wamba amadutsa wamba ndi muskrat kuti atenge nyama yatsopano.

Gophers amalumikizana ndi njoka zokhala ndi ma ray owala.

Njoka zimakonda mdani wa anyani, nthawi zambiri kulanda ana. Njoka zimafunafuna nyama ndi kutentha, komwe kumadziwika ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zili pamphuno. A Gophers amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ichi polengeza uthenga kwa njoka m'chinenerochi chomwe amatha kumvetsetsa. Atakumana ndi chipsinjo wokwiya, akatswiri aku California amatukula michira yawo kuchenjeza njokayo kuti ithe. Aka ndi koyamba kuti nyama zimatumiza chikwangwani pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation kapena kutentha. Makoko amataya mchenga ndi kupukusira mchira wawo kuti aopseze zilombo. ”Chizindikiro cha kutentha chimayenera kusokoneza chidwi cha njoka ku nyama zazing'ono zomwe zikuvutika, asayansi amakhulupirira, kapena zimangokhala chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa akuluakulu.

Pomwe ochita masewerawo adawopseza kuti atembenuza mchira wawo kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo, nsonga ya mchira wawo idayamba kutentha. Izi adakwaniritsa pakukakamiza tsitsi kuti linyuke kumapeto kwake, chifukwa chake pakhungu lambiri lidawonekera, ndizothekanso kuti mitsempha yamagazi yawo idali kukulira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti michira ya gopher sinatenthe pamaso pa njoka ina, yomwe ilibe ziwalo zapadera zodziwira ma radiation yotentha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti olemba golo amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa omwe amadyera limodzi ndikuchita moyenerera.

Mbewa zokongoletsa

Beaver (Castor fiber) Ichi ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri, yolemera 30 makilogalamu. Amamuyesedwa ngati m'modzi mwa oyimira wamkulu pachimake. Tsopano ku Russia chiwerengero chake chikuyandikira anthu 100,000,000.

Chisa cha Beaver
Miyendo yayifupi, yakumbuyo yolimba yokhala ndi nembanemba yosambira. Zovala za nyamayi ndizachilendo kwambiri - zazikulu kwambiri, zopendekera komanso zopindika. Chibwano chimakhala chodzaza pachala chakumanja chachiwiri cha kumbuyo. Uku ndi "chisa" chokongoletsera chomwe ndodo yake imakonzekeretsa tsitsi lake lozama, losavuta ndikusakaniza.

Mbewa yaying'ono kwambiri

Chimodzi mwazinyama zazing'ono kwambiri - mbewa ya ana (Mus minutus), yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mbewa zapakhomo, ndizofala ku Europe ndi Siberia, m'minda, m'nkhalango ndi m'minda. Itha kuonedwa kuti yaying'ono kwambiri.

Makoswe ali ndi mphuno ziwiri
Ma Pheromones amathandiza mbewa kupeza bwenzi logonana naye. Makoswe, akafuna kukwatirana, gwiritsani ntchito chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri koma chosayembekezeka - mphuno yachiwiri yomwe imasankha jenda, ulemu kwa mnzake, komanso kubwerezanso kwachikondi. Mphuno yachiwiri (chiwalo cha veromonasal) ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kofanana ndi lilime, kamene kamakhala pansi pamphuno. Mitsempha yachiwiri ya mphuno ndi ma pheromones ndi omwe amawonetsa kugonana komanso chibadwa cha mbewa ina.

Squirrel wamba (Sciurus vulgaris) pali mitundu 50 ya endoparasites, yomwe mitundu inayi ya coccidia, mitundu iwiri ya malupu, 15 mitundu ya tapeworms, 26 mitundu ya nematode ndi mitundu itatu ya crests.

Fungo la chokoleti limakopambewa zambiri kuposa tchizi kapena vanillin. Chifukwa chake, adaganiza kuti apange pulasitiki yapadera yomwe imanunkhira ngati chokoleti.

Mawonekedwe

Makoswe adapezeka kuti sangakutetezedwe ndi mitundu, yotchedwa khungu la utoto, makoswe amawona imvi, samvera chidwi ndi kuwala kofiyira, kayendedwe kazidziwitso pamtunda wa 9 m.

Koma gologoloyu ali ndi maso akuda ndi oyera, koma sangayang'ane kutsogolo, ngati anthu, komanso mbali.

Maluso osazolowereka

Osawopa kugwa
Kugwa kuchokera munyumba yosanja 5 khoswe sililandira kuwonongeka kulikonse.

Makoswe amatha kupumira pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi ziwiri.

Osamira m'madzi
Cavity angapo singano porcupine (Hystrix) yodzazidwa ndi mpweya, choncho nyamayo siimira ikalowa m'madzi.

Mano onyansa amakula moyo wonse
At makoswe incisors zapamwamba zimamera pamlingo wa mainchesi 5/3/4, ndipo incisors zotsika zimakula mainchesi 4 1/2 / chaka.

Mano a Porcupine

. zidafulumira kwambiri, ndipo ngati sichidakula, chirombo mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo chikadafa ndi njala. Magulu awiri a porcupine incisors ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri zodulira mbali zolimba za mbewu. Monga ndi makoswe ena, enamel patsogolo pa incisor ndiolimba kwambiri kuposa dzino lonse. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwira dzino limakhala lakuthwa nthawi zonse.

Singano amabaya khungu la nsapato
Zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zazingwe zolemera mpaka 15 kg. Chilombochi chikakwiyitsidwa, chimagwedezeka ndi singano zazitali mchira, ndikupanga kung'amba kowopsa. Podzitchinjiriza, amatha kubaya ndi masingano ngakhale ndi bulashi yayikulu yakumaso.

Matebulo akunyumba a Muskrat
At muskrat kuphatikiza pa nyumba yokhalamo, palinso matebulo odyetsa.Ndi malo ang'onoang'ono azomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi zomwe ma muskrats amadya.

Moyo wamakhonde

Makoswe, ngati mikango, amakhalanso ndi "kunyada," koma maudindo ake mumagawidwa ngati njuchi. Palinso alonda ndi ma Kamikaz omwe amawunika ngati ngozi "idatsikira" ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, tidmit chakudya, "mwadzidzidzi" m'malo obisika. Ngati mtsogoleriyo akukayikira, mtsogoleriyo amatumizidwa kuti akaone ngati zili choncho. Ndipo ayang'ana zomwe zidzam'chitikira atadya. Ngati wolamulirayo akudwala, anthu a fuko lake samusiyira zida zawo, koma mumkokerane ndi madzi ndikumupanga (ngakhale mwamphamvu!) Imwani ndikumwa mpaka thupi litatsukidwa nthawi yomweyo. Tambala wapoizoniyo amadzuka pamaso pa abale, ndipo amakokera wodwalayo kuchokera mmadzi kupita nawo mu dzenje momwe mungagone.

Khoswe wa kamikaze amathamangira pachiswe choyamba ndikuwunika kuti awone ngati pali njira yolowera kapena yobwerera.

Kuopa zachilendo kumafupikitsa moyo

At makoswe ndi phobia wa zachilendo pambuyo pa zokumana nazo zatsopano, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opsinjika ndiwokwera kuposa omwe anzawo olimba mtima, ndipo amamwalira ali aang'ono. Asayansi adasankha abale: atakumana ndi chatsopano, mulingo wa mahomoni opsinjika a corticosterone m'mwazi mu nyama zowopsa anali 20% kuposa omwe abale awo opanda mantha. Neophoboti anakhalako pafupifupi masiku 599, pamene nyama zolimba zinkakhala masiku pafupifupi 102.

Kubala mbewa ndi makoswe
Paul McManus (Australia) ndiye woweta kwambiri makoswe. Zonsezi zidayamba chaka chapitacho, pomwe adayamba kugula makoswe a sitolo yake ngati chakudya chamoyo. Tsopano ali ndi nyama 5,000 pafamuyo, ndipo sabata iliyonse ziweto zake zimabweretsa ana a 500 - 1,000 ana, omwe akufuna kubweretsa 4,000 - pa sabata. Makoswe ake amatengera masenti 60 mpaka $ 4 kutengera kukula.

Kwezani mwachangu

Makoswe amafika kutha msinkhu pa masiku 50-60, ndipo ali ndi miyezi 3-10. zazikazi zimabereka ana mwachangu. Izi zimachitika ka 1-2 (zosakwana 3) pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 21-23. Kubereka kumatenga ola limodzi 1 / 5. Pakakhala zinthu zabwino, makoswe amatha kubereka ana osakwana 15,000 pachaka. Mwa ana 8-10 (pazipita 22, osachepera 1) cub.

Chiwerengero cha makoswe ku Yekaterinburg, likulu la Urals ndi lokwera kwambiri maulendo 8 kuposa anthu wamba.

Mantha a fungo la mkodzo wamphaka
Kuti tichotse mbewa ndi makoswe, nthawi zina fungo limodzi la mkodzo wamphaka limakhala lokwanira - makoswe kuchuluka kwa ana akusintha. Chiwerewere pakati pa akhanda chimasinthanso, amuna ambiri amawonekera (chizolowezi chimakhala amuna 52%, akazi 48%). Chomwe chimapangitsa kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mayi, kuchuluka kwa progesterone yokhala ndi pakati pakukhazikika kumachepetsedwa katatu.

Pamene makoswe amakhala m'makola odzala anthu
Akazi oyembekezera akapatsidwa mkodzo wa abale omwe amakhala m'maselo okhala ndi anthu ambiri kuti amununkhane mthupi la amayi, kuchuluka kwa progesterone komwe kumayang'anira kukhalabe ndi pakati kumachepetsedwa katatu. Makoswe akakhala m'khola lodzaza, kuphulika kwa mapuloteni kumachitika m'misempha. Nyama zimataya mpaka 20% yakulemetsa thupi lawo, ngati kuti "zimadya zokha." Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe kwambiri, nyama zimayamba kusowa chakudya, zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mkodzo wawo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuli bwino kudikirira kubereka.

Apatseni chinchillas
. mosiyana ndi achibale ake ena odukaduka, osachedwa pang'ono pang'ono. Izi zikufotokozanso mtengo wokwera wa ana. Kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, wamkazi amatha kubweretsa mmodzi mpaka atatu, ochepera kanayi mpaka kasanu, ana.

Kulemera kwakukulu kwa ratti yatsopano 6 g Maso ake amatseguka tsiku la 14 mpaka 17, ma incis odulidwa patsiku la 8, amayamba kudya chakudya cholimba patsiku la 12, kukula kwa tsitsi kumayamba ali ndi zaka 10, amasiya amayi ake pa tsiku la 21 ndi kulemera kwa 45 g.

Kutulutsa mkaka:
13% mafuta, 9.7% mapuloteni, 3,2% lactose.

Porcupines amabadwa kale ndi mano ndi singano.,
. omaliza, komabe, akangobadwa kumene amakhalabe odekha ndipo samapweteka amayi awo. Komabe, pasanathe theka la ola pambuyo pobadwa, singano amapeza kuuma, ndipo mafinya - mwayi wowonjezera wopulumuka mudzikoli lovuta kwa iye.

Kubala mbewa ndi makoswe
Paul McManus (Australia) ndiye woweta kwambiri makoswe. Zonsezi zidayamba chaka chapitacho, pomwe adayamba kugula makoswe a sitolo yake ngati chakudya chamoyo. Tsopano ali ndi ziweto 5,000 pafamuyo, ndipo sabata iliyonse ziweto zake zimabweretsa ana a 500 - 1,000 ana amphongo, omwe akufuna kubweretsa 4,000 - pa sabata. Makoswe ake amatengera masenti 60 mpaka $ 4 kutengera kukula.

Kutetezedwa
Makoko ang'onoang'ono kuthengo lakutchire kutentha kumatsika pansi penapake, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya. Njira zonse zofunikira za nyamayo zimachepetsa pafupifupi zero, ndipo zimayamba kulowa. Kwa gologolo wa ku America, mwachitsanzo, zimachitika kuti zimagunda pamasewera mazana atatu pamphindi mpaka zisanu.

Pangani zisa
Agologolo Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mabowo opanda mitengo, koma amathanso kumanga chisa chawo - Gayno. Ichi ndi chisa chozungulira chomwe chimakhala ndi nthambi ndi masamba mkati. Pali zotuluka zingapo m chisa, kuti wopandirayo satha kugwira mwakhosi wa chisa modzidzimutsa. Gulu la squirrel - Gayno - malo odalirika othawa kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, pamtunda wozungulira kuchokera -4 mpaka -10 ° C, kutentha mkati mwa chisa kuyambira +10 mpaka + 20 ° C

Kwa marmots kukumba mabowo
Kugawanika ku Kurschina pansi inali njira yoyendetsedwa ndi oyang'anira kuti ateteze ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zamasewera. Akatswiri a Kursk adagula anthu zana limodzi pabwino m'dera loyandikira la Voronezh. Burrows adakumbidwa mwapadera kwa "okhazikika".

Ziphuphu sizimasiyira makolo mabowo nthawi zonse
. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mibadwo ingapo ya tizilomboto imatha kusonkhana mu bowo limodzi, ndikupanga khola. Zolimba. makamaka nyama zapamtunda zoyenda mozungulira, zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wamadzulo. Amakhala m'madambo, svannah, nkhalango.

Pali nthunzi pamwamba pa nyumbayo

Nyumba zokongoletsa ikhoza kukhala ndi kutalika kwa 3-5 mamita.Mazizira kwambiri, nthunzi imakhala pamwamba pawo - chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha malo okhala.

Omanga ma Dam
Zonona Zambiri zomwe zimadula kwambiri, ndowa ndi msondodzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira madamu: makataniwa amadula mitengo yopyapyala yoluma eyiti mpaka teni yokha, ndikuthana ndi mitengo yolimba (mainchesi 12-15 cm) pakapita mphindi 3-4. Kutaya msondodzi mu 1-1,5 girth kwa ma bea sivinsovuto. Kutchera mtengo, makoko awa amachita kotero kuti imagwera molondola. Kenako nyamazo zimakata nthambi zake ndikudula zidutswazidutswa, zomwe zimakokera kumalo a damu lamtsogolo. Wodzikongoletsera amaimika nkhuni pansi ndipo inaika pansi, pomwe ina imalimbitsa pakati pawo kuti isanyamulidwe ndi yomwe ilipo. Nthawi yomweyo, wopanga zingwe amagwira ntchito ndi mano onse, miyendo, ndi mutu. Podalirika, makoswe amathandizira madamu kuchokera kumbali ndi misewu yapadera yowuluka ndi maluwa. Nyama zolimbikira zimaphwanya zomangira pomanga ndi nthambi, silika, masamba ndi dongo, kubweretsa zinthu zonsezi ku malo omanga m'miyendo yakutsogolo.

Madamu atali kwambiri
Zingwe zazitali kwambiri za beaver zinafika 700 m ndipo zinali zamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti wokwera akavalo amatha kudutsamo. Nyama imodzi siyingachite izi, imafunikira ntchito yolumikizana yayikulu osati ya banja limodzi (imatha kukhala yambiri m'mimba imodzi), ndipo nthawi zina mibadwo yoposa. Kupatula apo, damu ndilofunikira osati kungomanga, komanso kuyang'anira nthawi zonse: kukonzanso, kukonza, kusintha madzi. Kutalika kwa ma Dam sikucepa kupitirira 1.5 m, koma pamalo amodzi a Wyoming, asayansi aku America adapeza damu lalitali mamita 6 lomwe mulitali mita 10. Koma madamu akuluakulu kwambiri a beaver adapezeka ku US ku New Hampshire pafupi ndi tawuni ya Berlin. Mabanja osachepera 40 adatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyo, ndipo kutalika kwa madamu kukafika 1200 m!

Beimayu Damuensions
zimatengera m'lifupi ndi kuya kwa msewu wosungira, kuthamanga kwa zomwe zilipo, mtundu wa zinthu zomanga. Mwachitsanzo, ku North America, Dam yotalika 652 m imadziwika, m'malo mwake kutalika kwake ndi 4.3 m ndipo mulifupi m'munsi mwake ndi 7 m ndi 1.5 mita m'mbali mwake.

Ogwira ntchito zachilengedwe asankha kubereka agologolo m'mapaki asanu ku Moscow

Akatswiri azachilengedwe aku Moscow adaganiza zoweta agologolo m'mapaki asanu. Ndipo ngakhale nyama zathanzi kale zimakhala m'nkhalango 38 za mzindawo, anthu ogulitsa likulu akadali ochepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, adani akuluakulu a gologolo ndi a Raven-Muscovites, omwe ali ochulukirapo pakatikati pa mzindawu: zimachitika kuti adani awa amadyera ngakhale amphaka. Ngati agologolo sangathe kubisalira khwangwala payekha, ayenera kupitiliza kukhala m'miyala.

Squirrels azikhala ku Hermitage Garden, Gorky Park, Filevsky Children Park, Friendship Park pafupi ndi River Station, komanso ku Trubetskoy Estate ku Khamovniki park - ana agologolo akukonzekera kuti akhazikike mu paki iliyonse. Akuluakulu amakhala m'makhola, achinyamata okha ndi omwe adzamasulidwa. Kwa mabanja onse agologolo, nyumba zidzamangidwa, akatswiri adzaphunzitsidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi chakudya komanso thanzi.

Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Pali zoopsa zambiri zachilengedwe. Muyenera kuti mukudziwa oyimira poizoni amitundu mitundu ndi mabanja. Apa nthawi ina ndinadabwa kwambiri Mbalame Zoyipa ndi Nkhono Zapoizoni. Koma uku sikukutha.

Mokulira mu 2011, akatswiri azomera atapeza koyamba za kapangidwe ka poyizoni wa mbewu ndi nyama yaikazi yambiri. Ngakhale poizoni wazinyama kuchokera kuzomera amadziwika zachilengedwe, makoswe omwe amadziwa luso lotere adadabwitsa akatswiri.

Ngwazi ya phunziroli, yopangidwa ndi gulu la asayansi ochokera ku UK, Kenya ndi USA, inali nthano ya ku Africa yotchedwa man (Lophiomys imhausi), yomwe timatcha shaggy hamster.

Ndikuganiza kuti mudziwe zambiri za izi.

Chithunzi 2.

Nyamayi imakhala ku East Africa. Kwa nthawi yayitali akatswiri amaganiza kuti ndi poizoni. Choyamba, chifukwa cha mtundu wake: mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera m'malo momasuka. Kachiwiri, pamakhalidwe: akakumana ndi nyama yolusa, hamster amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera ku tiziwalo tomwe tili mbali yake, ndikulengeza kuwopsa kwake pokweza mane. Ndipo chachitatu, chifukwa cha matenda ndi kufa kwa agalu nditakumana ndi cholengedwa ichi.

Chithunzi 3.

Komabe, m'mbuyomu malingaliro adafotokozedwa kuti nyamayo L. imhausi imadzipanga poizoni. Koma zinafika poti amangoibwereka pamtengo - Abyssinian Akokanters (Acokanthera schimperi). Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti osaka ena achiafirika amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni kuti amize maukondo a mivi yawo.

Chithunzi 4.

Ofufuzawo adatsimikizira izi mwakuwapatsa nthambi za acacanter ndi mizu kuti agwire makoswe. Makoswe adayamba kudziluma ndikutafuna pakhungwa (kupewa masamba ndi zipatso) ndikusesa smear kumbali zawo, PhysOrg.com ikulemba.

Kusanthula kwa tsitsi la shaggy hamster pansi pa maikulosikopu yamagetsi kunawonetsa kuti tsitsi kumbali za L. imhausi ndi losiyana ndi ena. Amakhala okhathamira ndi ma pores, ngati chinkhupule kapena chingwe, ndipo motero amatha kuyamwa ndikusunga poizoni (Cardenolide, analogue of ouabain yomwe imatha kupha njovu). "Mphatso" iyi imagwera nsagwada za nyama iliyonse yomwe ikufuna kulawa hamggy hamster.

Makina oonera pa elekitirodi olowetsedwa kuti azitha kuwona tsitsi pafupi ndi nsonga, atadzazidwa ndi poizoni (a), ndi microfibers mu tsitsi losambitsidwa (b), malo omwe ali pafupi ndi muzu (chithunzi ndi Jonathan Kingdon et al.).

Chithunzi 5.

Kodi L. imhausi amagwiritsa ntchito bwanji poizoni osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake? Chifukwa chiyani hamster (kapena rat, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito dzina lakumadzulo) adapeza tsitsi lake lodabwitsa panthawi ya chisinthiko? Akatswiri a sayansi sangayankhe mafunso awa panobe.

(Zambiri pazomwe zatulukidwazo zitha kupezeka mu nkhani ya Proceedings of The Royal Society B.)

Chithunzi 6.

Mumtunduwu, zazimayi zimafika pamlingo wokulirapo (mpaka 36 cm) poyerekeza ndi amuna (26-30 cm). Mchirawo ndi pafupifupi theka. Maonekedwe a shaggy hamster ali kutali kwambiri ndi lingaliro labwinobwino la mbewa ndi makoswe. Ubweya wonyowa komanso wamtundu wokwera pachikondwererocho umatha kupangika kwamtambo wakuda bii. Mitundu yonse imakhala yakuda, yofiirira kapena pafupifupi yakuda yokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwapulo. Mchira ulinso furry kwambiri. Zala zinayi zimapangidwa bwino pamiyendo. Makutu ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi malire. Chizindikiro chili chofanana ndi nkhumba ya mgulu (patali) kapena porcupine. Pochita mantha, chilombocho chimakhadzula chingwe chake ndi kuyamba kukhala ngati chingwe. Shaggy hamsters ndiofala m'nkhalango zamapiri za Sudan, Somalia, Kenya ndi Ethiopia. Amakhala pamtunda wamtunda wa 1000-1500 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja.

Tsatirani moyo wokwerera. Kusuntha kwa nyama m'mitengo sikukalamba kwambiri, koma imatha kutsika thunthu ngakhale mutu. Tsikulo limakhala pobisalira, yomwe ili pakati pa miyala kapena m'mizu yopanda mizu. Amadyera masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono, komanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Ndikamadya, amakhala pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikuyika chakudya patsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa kubzala zakudya, nthawi zina, zimathanso kusangalala ndi anapiye kapena buluzi. Palibe pafupifupi chidziwitso pakubadwa kwa mitunduyi. Anthu odzipatula a shaggy hamster amakhala kumalo osungira nyama kwazaka zingapo.

Oyimira ena ochititsa chidwi a zolengedwa za padziko lathuli: mwachitsanzo, agalu a Meadow adakhala akupha posachedwa ndipo padakalipo pali ofalitsa a Radioactive ku Norway. Izi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, koma Hens yokhala ndi ma dinosaur paws. Kodi mumadziwa kuti pali agwape ofunikira kumaso ndi njoka ya mbozi

Mawonekedwe

Chingwe cha ku Africa cha zachilendo, chofanana, m'malo mwake. Mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe abwinoko brigly mane, othamangira mbali. Akazi mu shaggy hamsters amakula mokulira (mpaka 36 cm) poyerekeza ndi amuna (25,5-30 cm). Unyinji wa achikulire ndi 590-920 g. Mchirawo ndi wamfupi kawiri kuposa thupi - 14-21.5 masentimita, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zazikulu, zovuta. Mutu umafotokoza mutu wofanana ndi mutu wa nkhumba kapena chiwala. Maso ndi ochepa. Makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira amakhala ndi zoyera. Zala 4 zimakulitsidwa bwino pamiyendo, Ine chala chamtsogolo ndikutsutsana pang'ono.

Chingwe ndichotunda, ndichopyapyala komanso chofewa, kumbuyo kwenikweni kumakhala mzere wa tsitsi loyera, ndikupanga mtundu wa mane. Ha shaggy hamster akachita mantha kapena kusangalala, mbuye wake kumbuyo kwake umakwera, ndikuwulula madera akumbali m'mbali za thupi. Mtundu wa dorsal mbali ndi wakuda, bulauni kapena pafupifupi wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga owoneka ndi mikwingwirima. Mtundu wa mbali yamkati umasintha kuchokera ku imvi kukhala yakuda. Mzere woonda woonda umadutsa mbali zonse. Miyendo ndi yakuda. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi nsonga yoyera.

Moyo

Shaggy hamsters ndiofalikira m'nkhalango zamapiri ku East Africa - Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Zinthu zakale zimadziwika kuchokera ku Israeli. Amasungidwa kwambiri pamtunda wa mamita 1200-2700 pamwamba pa nyanja, ngakhale, mwachitsanzo, ku Somalia amadziwikanso m'nkhalango zoterera.

Khalidwe limakhala losasangalatsa. Kuyenda kwa nyama izi pansi komanso pamitengo sikuyenda bwino, koma zimatha kutsika thunthu ngakhale pansi. Kugwira ntchito usiku, khalani masana m'makola, m'mphepete mwanyumba, m'miyala yamiyala. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhayokha, ngakhale imapezeka m'magulu awiriawiri ndi m'magulu achikazi ndi ana ake. Amadyera masamba, mizu ndi zitsamba zazing'ono, komanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Ndikudya, amakhala pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, atanyamula chakudya chamtsogolo.

Palibe chilichonse chidziwitso chokhudza kupezeka kwa mtunduwu. Akazi amabweretsa ana aang'ono 2-3 okhala ndi tsitsi.

Chitetezo cha predator

Shaggy hamsters m'malo mwake ndi osakwiya komanso osakwiya komanso kulipirira monga ma skunks - kuti pakachitika ngozi, mutulutsa fungo lamphamvu losaneneka kuchokera ku mafinya onunkhira omwe ali kumbali zawo. Nthawi yomweyo, amakweza “mane” wawo, kukhala wofanana ndi ziwopsezo. Amaganiziranso kuti katulutsidwe ka timadzi tambiri ta shaggy hamster tili ndi poizoni ndipo timakhala poizoni kwa adani. Mbali, ndi ubweya ukukwera, mautali oderapo, akuda ndi oyera otseguka, omwe, pomwe makulidwewo amakhala m'malo opanda phokoso, amakutidwa ndi ubweya wa imvi kuchokera kumvula ndi kuwala.Amaganiziridwa kuti kupaka utoto kumangochenjeza wolusa za ngozi, komanso kumapangitsa kunamizira kwa mbali yosatetezeka, kotero kuti ngati mdani amayesabe kuugwira, ndiye kuti ndi malo oopsa.

Mu 2011, adawonetsedwa kuti shaggy hamster ali ndi tsitsi lowopsa, lomwe limateteza ku adani. M'malo mwake nyama zazikuluzikulu (kukula kwa galu) nthawi zambiri zimafa pambuyo povulaza shaggy hamster. Zinapezeka kuti shaggy hamster amang'amba pamtengo kuchokera pa mtengo wa Abyssinian Akokanter (Acokanthera shimperi), yomwe imakhala ndi ma glycosides anapoizoni, kuphatikiza owabain - zoletsa wa sodium-potaziyamu ATPase, yomwe mu Mlingo wocheperako imalimbikitsa ntchito ya mtima, ndipo zochuluka zimatha kuimitsa. Kenako hamster imakhotetsa ubweya mbali zake, ndikuimata ndi chingamu kuchokera ku khungwa. Tsitsi limadzaza ndi poyizoni wa mbewuyo. Tsitsi la poizoni la hamster yokonzedwa lili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Danga lawo lakunja ndilakutidwa ndi mabowo ndipo limawoneka ngati kanyumba kotseguka, ulusi wamkati wamkati umalembetsedwa mwachangu ndi utoto ndipo mwina, poyizoni wazomera. Olemba ntchitoyi akuwonetsa kuti ngati mdaniyo aluma hamster, imapeza tsitsi lowopsa kuchokera kumbali zamthupi, ndipo izi zitha kuyambitsa poyizoni ndi kufa.

Njira zina zotetezera hamggy hamster zimaphatikizira chigaza chakumaso, msana wolimba ndi khungu lakuda komanso losasunthika kwa woyimira mbewa. Chikhalidwe cha kukana kwa shaggy hamster ku chochitika chakuzaza sichinaphunzirepo.

Zokhudza machitidwe a shaggy hamster

Pansi ndi pamitengo sizikalamba kwenikweni, koma nthawi zina zimatsika pansi ndikuzimiririka.

Dyetsani usiku. Masana, shaggy hamsters amabisala m'makola, maenje pansi pa mizu, m'mazenera pansi pa miyala. Nthawi zambiri makoswe amakhala okha. Zochepa pakati awiri kapena m'mabanja momwe akazi amatsogolera ana.

Akakumana ndi adani, amakweza nyambo yawo, ndikuyamba kuoneka ngati chidzu.

Shaggy hamsters ndi makoswe amtundu.

Chitetezo chowopsa kwambiri ndi fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera ku makoswe. Fungo lonunkhira limasungidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timakhala m'mbali mwa thupi. Mothandizidwa ndi tsitsi lapadera, chinsinsi chonunkha chimafalikira mwachangu ndikuwopseza adani. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu izi zimakhala ndi poizoni, ndiye kuti pali milandu ya agalu poyizoni atameza hamster wamphamvu. Palinso njira ina yomwe makoswe amathandizira pakuwopseza: hamsters amayamba kuthamanga ndikubwerera, kuwonetsa mano awo kwa wolusa. Pa nthawi yakukwiya, amaliranso, amaliza mokweza.

Khalidwe lankhanzalo limakwaniritsa kuchepa kwa shaggy hamsters ndikupulumutsa moyo wa nyama. Komabe, ndi mitundu ina ya makoswe ndi ma dam, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri.

Kubala shaggy hamster

Pali zambiri zochepa pazakufalitsa kwa shaggy hamsters. Amakhulupirira kuti mkaziyo amabereka ana awiri kapena atatu. Amawoneka ndi tsitsi lochulukirapo. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 7.5.

Kunja ma shaggy hamsters ali ofanana kwambiri ndi zimbudzi.

Kudyetsa hamggy hamster

Shaggy hamsters ndi nyama zopatsa thanzi. Amadya mphukira zazing'ono, masamba, mizu, zipatso ndi zipatso.

Amayamwa chakudya atangokhala miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, pomwe agwirira mwana wosabadwayo kutsogolo, kutembenuzira zala zawo, amakonda masamba okhathamira a mbatata.

Nthawi zina anapiye ndi abuluzi amagwidwa. Shaggy hamsters samamwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa chinyezi chimapezeka kuchokera kumizere yamafuta omwe zimadya.
Nyama yamatumbo imatha kudzitchinjiriza kwa adani.

Kukuwa kumeneku kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni wa adani omwe amadyapo. Agalu atamwalira ndi agaluwo, akatswiri a zachipatala ku Yunivesite ya Oxford adazindikira chifukwa chomwe adasinthira modabwitsa. Shaggy hamsters amasenda makungwa a Abyssinian acocanter, omwe tinthu tawo timadzaza ndi mankhwala oopsa.

Poizoni ndi wa gulu la mtima glycosides ndipo amatha kuyambitsa kusintha muntchito ya mtima. Mlingo waung'ono umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mafuko akumaloko adziwa kale za poizoni wa acocanteri, ndipo adalandira poyizoni pakuthira mivi poyang'anira nyama zazikulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito poyizoni wa chomera ndichinthu chapadera pachitukuko chomwe chimawonetsa momveka bwino shaggy hamster.

Shaggy hamsters atasenda makungwa, ndikunyambita ubweya kumbuyo kwawo. Tsitsi mkati limakhala ndi chotchinga chomwe mavuvu omwe amadzaza ndi otuluka amapinda. Akagwidwa, mbira siziwombera mothamanga, koma imakhala pamalo owopseza, imagwada kumbuyo kwake, ikuwonetsa mtundu wakuda ndi loyera la mizere.

Mtundu wa chenjezo umateteza zinthu zoteteza.

Koma ngati wolusa agwira nthyole, yotetezedwa ndi khungu lakuda, lomwe ndilovuta kuluma, ndiye kuti poizoni wokwanira kuchokera ku ubweya wa hamster amalowa mkamwa mwake kukamwa kuti awononge mdani.

M'chilengedwe, mudakali nyama zomwe zimateteza zachilengedwe motere, anyani amtunduwu amawapaka ndi milozo kuti adziteteze ku kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Koma ndi shaggy hamster yekha yemwe amatha kupha mdani wake poizoni. Phunziroli, asayansi adagwira ma shaggy hamsters, omwe mwa iwo panali anthu omwe anali ndi zilembo zakuluma ataphimbidwa. Mosakayikira, makoswe nawonso sangathenso kuzizira.