Achule a Aquarium

ndi kukonzanso kwawo palimodzi mu nsomba imodzi ndi nsomba

Ziweto chule anayamba kale. Ndipo nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi amphibians omwe mumadzimadzi amodzi ndi nsomba. Pafupifupi malo ogulitsa azinyama zilizonse, omwe ali ndi dipatimenti yayikulu ya aquarium, pali malo ocheperako omwe amakhala ndi achule. Koma, ngati si zachilendo ku moyo osati zonse wamba ndi otchuka, ndi zolondola.

Ganizirani mitundu iwiri ya achule, omwe amapezeka palimodzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Kutsindika kofunikira, kumayenera kuchitika pokhapokha ndikumangidwa ndikuwulura zabwino ndi mavuto okhala limodzi ndi nsomba.

African clawed chule albino

Mwambiri, titha kunena kuti ndi osazindikira m'njira zonse, kupatula chakudya. Inde, kudyetsa kulinso kolemetsa. mtundu uwu malita 10 okha pa nyama. Kutentha kwamadzi kwamtunda kwa 18 degrees. Itha kusungidwa pa madigiri 24-26, koma chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepetsedwa. Kukula pazipita thupi la masentimita 8, choncho chilichonse, Directory walemba. Mwakuchita izi, eni ake a nyama zoterera izi amanyadira kupereka kwa anthu chithunzi cha 16 centimeter.

Kuti akonzekeretse nyumba ya chule cha Spur, fayilo imafunikira yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa dothi lopangidwa ndi izi. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, sefa ayenera sangabereke otaya amphamvu a madzi, monga malo achilengedwe a achule awa moyo m'mavuto osaya. Ndipo, zowonadi, malo oyambira azitsekedwa ndi chivundikiro kapena galasi lapadera lomwe lingakhale ndi mpweya wambiri, apo ayi nyumba yanu yonse ikadzakhala nyumba ya achule, atha kupita kuthengo mosavuta.

Chakudya cha chule chimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama, monga nyongono zazing'ono, phokoso, kachilomboka kakang'ono, ndi nyama zopendekera. Koma ulamuliro koposa kudya - musati overfeed. Achule ndi osusuka kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi amodzi mwamavuto ambiri amtunduwu. Wamkulu achule chakudya chokwanira nthawi 2 sabata, anthu achinyamata kudya kawirikawiri 4-5 nthawi sabata, mu chakudya chochepa. Chodabwitsa, achule awa amadya ndi manja awo. Mwansanga zala, amazingira chakudya pakamwa pawo.

Ngakhale chule ndi chilombo, iye mwamtendere limodzi ndi nsomba, amene adzakhala zinthu omasuka Kwalamulidwa Xenopus. Tiyeni timasule lingaliro losungira chule mu chigwa chamadzi mu zabwino ndi zowawa.

- chikuwoneka chosangalatsa kwambiri mu malo am'madzi,

- aziphedwa ang'onoang'ono nsomba. Mitundu ya nsomba monga neon kapena guppies sikhala motalika mu aquarium ndi chule cha Spur.

- Zodetsedwa. Kuwonjezera chakuti iwo ali omasuka ndi zambiri zopanda pake, kodi Xenopus mwachangu kukumba pansi, kutola kuchokera pansi pa zonse mwachinsinsi ndi ena owonongedwa. Vutoli litha kupulumutsidwa mwa kusefedwa kochulukirapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kanyumba kotsuka.

- khadzulani, thyola ndikuluma mbewu. Pakuti iwo abwino okha zhestkolistvennye zomera anabzala miphika, koma osati mu nthaka. Ngati mbewu yabzalidwe m'nthaka, ndiye kuti amakumba ndikukutula mizu. Zopweteketsa, chifukwa ambiri sakonda zakudya zamasamba.

- mu nyengo mating iwo "kuimba serenades"

Frog Hymenochirus

Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa chule, poyerekeza ndi Shportseva wotchuka, koma wokongola. Izi achule kakang'ono, wamkulu chitsanzo cha imene imafikira kwa 6 cm. M'litali, nthawi zambiri amakula 4cm.

Kunja, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi Shportsevs. Hymenochirus pakufanizira uku akhoza kutchedwa "slim." Ali n'kakang'ono miyendo, thupi si anamaliza ndi zochepa puffy mosiyanasiyana ndi zisonga kuipanikiza zabwino.

Mu malo achilengedwe, achule awa amakhala pafupifupi m'malo achizilombo. Chifukwa chake zokonda zawo. A buku lalikulu Aquarium, iwo mwachibadwa sitingafunikire kutero, kodi moyo wabwino mu zisanu lita mtsuko. Aeration, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chule la Spur, sikofunikira. Kusintha kumatha kukhalapo, koma osati kwamphamvu ndipo sikumapanga mayendedwe amadzi (makamaka ndikutulutsa kwa madzi kudzera mumtsinje wamadzi). Mulimonsemo, patsogolo ngodya mu thanki ayenera kukhala, makamaka chifukwa cha izo. Kutentha kwamadzi kwamtunda wa madigiri 24-26, awa ndi achule okonda kutentha. Kusintha kwamadzi sikulimbikitsidwa. A M'MALO kawirikawiri kuwononga gimenohirusa onse.

Muyenera kudyetsa chule ndi njoka yamagazi, daphnia, tubule. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuwaphunzitsa kuti azitha kudya chakudya chowundana, popeza ndiwotsala ndipo amalabadira chakudya. chakudya kotunga pafupipafupi - tsiku lililonse.

Monga achule a Spur, hymenochirus ndi nyambalala muzomera ndi dothi. Komabe, izi sikuti zikuipitsa, chifukwa ndizochepa kwambiri. Monga momwe iwo aliri wodekha ndi amantha mu Aquarium chosowa chete malo sakuona.

Ndi nsomba yosalemekeza imatha kukhala ndi moyo. Chaka chilichonse amakhala otchuka m'masamu omwe amagawana nawo.

Ubwino:

- Miniatyurnaya ndi wokongola,
- Muwoyenera wa usodzi wamasamba,

Chuma:

- Namafuna madzi abwino. Mtundu uwu wa achule mungakonde kukhala nyansi kulenga. Simungathe kusefa mwamphamvu, simungasinthe madzi, ndipo izi ndizofunikira pokonza nsomba zambiri zam'madzi. Ndipo monga Shportsevaya, Gimenokhirus amakonda kukumba dothi, ndikukweza zinsinsi zonse zobisika komweko nzika zamanyazi komanso zofunitsitsa kuzichita.

Mawuwo: Achule ndimakonda kukhala ozungulira nsomba zam'madzi. Amatha kukhala limodzi. Koma chinthu chomwecho tinganene chiyani za munthu ngati zitamangiriridwa, chitsanzo chake buluyo, kapena mosinthanitsa. Amatha kukhalira limodzi, koma kaya akhale yabwino, yabwino, yosangalatsa ... Ngati mukuganiza kwambiri kugula chule ndi nsomba yomwe ilipo ndi nsomba, ganizirani mozama ngati nsomba yanu ingakhale motakasuka ndimadzi osowa? Zokwanira Kodi ndi sefa ofooka ndi kuipitsidwa kwambiri? Wina anganene kuti: "Chule cha Spur chimakhala ndi chojambula chomwe chimayenera kuchita ngati wamisala kuthana ndi zovuta zake." Koma, funsani mafunso ena: Kodi nsomba monga kusowa kwamadzi zimayendera mu chinyontho? Kaya kuika chule yaikulu mu malo anu m'madzi kukongola? Ngati inde, zabwino!

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kulimbikitsa banja lina la nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kukhala bwino ndi achule- kukhotakhota IZI. Izi zikuphatikiza:

M'malo mwa nsomba zomwe zatchulidwazi (kupatula ktenop) ndi minda ya mpunga ku Asia, yopanda mpweya wabwino, madzi omwe ali m'minda yotere ndi osasunthika komanso akuda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma labyrinths adaphunzira kupumira m'mlengalenga ndipo amakonda "madzi akale".

Maonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe

Mitundu ya achule omwe amapezeka m'mabwalo amakono ndi xenopus (Spur chule) ndi hymenochirus (chule wamtali). Amatha kudyetsedwa mu ukapolo, kukonza ndi kusamalira kumafunikira malo apadera. Izi oimira achule kusiyana kwambiri ngati mukupita kugula Pet ku sitolo Pet mosamala bwino maonekedwe ake - zambiri ogulitsa muli achule onse kennel munthu, osati powasamalira kusiyana. Ngati munawona chule wokhala ndi khungu loyera kapena loyera la pinki ndi maso ofiira kumbuyo kwa kapu yamadzi, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chule cha Spur - nyama yokumbira yomwe idasungidwa ku Russia kuti ipange kafukufuku wa labotale.

Chule cha ku aquarium chokhala ndi khungu laimvi, la azitona kapena la bulauni m'malo owongolera sichokongoletsa, koma chule la kuthengo. Mulimonsemo, kulabadira za: m'litali ndi makulidwe a nthambi, pamaso Ngati a Bakha mawonekedwe ndi nkhope. Mitundu yamtchire ndi yokuda, yayikulu, yopanda nembanemba pamiyendo. Mu mitundu yokongoletsera, mtunduwo ndi wolimba, pali nembanemba pamiyendo. M'madzi achule gimenohirus ndi miyendo yaitali ndiponso yowonda ndi ikhale pamphuno zisonga. Izi amphibian ocheperako sizidutsa 4 cm, koma spur amphibian ndi dongosolo la kukula kwakukulu - 10-12 cm.

Mitundu yotchulidwa imasiyana pakati pawo ndi chikhalidwe. Ngati clawed ntchito yosiyana ndi "kudzikuza" kuti gimenohirusy kwambiri moyenera ndi kukhala chete. Oyamba kudya chilichonse chomwe amawona patsogolo pawo, amakonda kusewera ndi zomera zamadzimadzi, miyala, ndikukumba pansi. Yachiwiri kuyesa kukhala yosaoneka - samakhudza aliyense, ngakhale nsomba, akumbutse pansi pa madzi "osawoneka".

achule Clawed ndi nkhope limaonetseratu, amene sakuchedwa kusonyeza madzi, achule nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi sadzachitanso kuonekera madzi, kawirikawiri kubisala zomera.

Kuswana

Amuna akakhala kuti akung'ung'udza modekha, ndipo mbali za bwenzi lake zitazunguliridwa, ndiye kuti banjali lakonzeka kubereka. Wamphongo amatha kuwona tiziwalo tating'ono tofiirira pansi pamafelemu. samochki A ndi "michira" pakati pa yoteroyo kunsana. Koma kudziwa kugonana kwa chule chocheperako ndizovuta. Kamodzi pamalo otsetsereka, achule amocheza amayamba kuvina kwawo kwachikazi: champhongo, ndikutchingira wamkazi, chimayamba kuyenda mozungulira. Close pamwamba izo wadziunjikira mazira 750, zomwe zimatengedwa mu madzi kapena Ufumuyo zomera. Kuti achule asadye mazira, opangawo amawasinthira m'chiwiya china. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mphutsi zazing'ono zimawonekera zomwe zimatsatira gilasi kwa masiku asanu. tadpoles aswa amadziwa kale kusambira ndi kudya paokha. Ana amasangalala kutenga infusoria, artemia, cyclops ndi daphnia, zidutswa za shrimp. Kukula, chule wamadzi amakhala pafupifupi zaka 8.

M'madzi achule: yokonza ndi chisamaliro

Mitundu yonseyi siili yovuta kwambiri ngati ili mndende. Achule a spur amafunikira madzi am'madzi okwanira 20-30 malita okha, pomwe amafunika kuti adzazidwe theka kapena theka ndi madzi. The Aquarium ayenera kutseka ndi chivindikiro kapena gululi. Dothi - miyala yayikulu. Aquarium ili ndi compressor kapena yaying'ono mkati fyuluta, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yamadzi, koma payenera kusakhala ndi mphamvu yamakono. Mu kuwala Sikuti.

Kutentha kwamadzi ndi pafupifupi 22-25 ° C, xenopus kwenikweni alibe chidwi ndi mawonekedwe amadzi am'madzi. Chosiyana ndi zomwe ndi mankhwala a chlorine ndi fluorine m'madzi, motero tikulimbikitsidwa musanawonjezere ku aquarium kwa masiku osachepera atatu. Kusintha madzi kamodzi kapena kawiri pa mlungu 20-25%, chiwerengero cha olemba amalimbikitsa m'malo kamodzikamodzi, ngati mtambo.

Zomera zingabzalidwe lokhalokha zolimba, miphika nthawi zonse, pokhapokha zitakumbidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ena okonda nyama izi amachita izi: amaika mphika wofundira ndi nyumba ndikuwonetsa mphukira pafupi ndi aquarium ndikuyika mphukira mu aquarium. Mu nkhani iyi, Aquarium ndi mitengo ndi minda, ndi chomera mizu sizisintha.

Kwa hymenochiruses, kuchuluka kwa aquarium kungakhale kocheperako, madzi okwanira malita 1-2 a chule loterowo ndi lokwanira.

Chovala chovomerezeka - hymenochiruses, makamaka iwo omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kuthawa.

Kutentha madzi zingamuthandize iwo si chozama kupitirira 24 ° C. Fyuluta kapena compressor ndiyabwino, koma sayenera kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuti madera okhala ndi madzi, oyimabe amakhalabe mu aquarium.

Pansi pake, ndikofunikira kukonzera zimbudzi zazing'ono zomwe zolengedwa zazikuluzizi zimatha kubisala. zomera ndi zofunika kwambiri, chabwino, ngati nthawizina iwo apanga m'nkhalango zowirira. Kudzala nawonso ndibwino mumiphika. Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala ndi malo okhala m'madzi, monga ma hymenochiruses nthawi zina amakonda kukwera pakati pazitini mpaka pansi ndi beseni pansi pa nyali, kumamatira mutu wawo ndi thupi lakunja kutuluka m'madzi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Yofunika kwambiri zili chakudya Pet wa achule masewero. Achule amadya nyama, chakudya chouma chimadyedwa pang'ono, kapena osadyanso. Zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kudyetsa:

Zedi yaing'ono, ziweto asunge akanadulidwa chiwindi, ndi shrimp. Achule amayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa sabata, pomwe chakudya chimayikidwa pafupi ndi ziweto, popeza amafunafuna chakudya kwanthawi yayitali.

Chochititsa chidwi: Chule chakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi cocoa. Ululu wa nthumwi ndi wamphamvu kuposa mamba njoka.

Mitundu ya Aquarium Frogs

Pakadali pano, malo okhala ma aquariamu ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya achule: chule yosalala - xenopus (Xenopus laevis), yemwe adawatulutsa mu ukapolo kwa zaka zambiri, ndi chule wamtali - hymenochirus (Hymenochirus boettgeri), yemwe adadziwika kalekale. achule wamkulu mitundu izi zimasiyana kwambiri mu kukula, maonekedwe, zochita makamaka okhutira. Achule omwe amagulitsa m'masitolo a ziweto nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu aquarium yomweyo ndipo, akagulitsidwa, samangoyang'ana zamitundu yawo.

Chifukwa chake, ngati achule a aquarium ali oyera kapena ofiira, ali ndi maso ofiira, ndiye osatengera kukula kwake. African clawed chule albino anali ayipanga chongopeka pa Institute Moscow kwa kakulidwe Biology zatsopano zasayansi.

Ngati chule yaying'onoyo ndi imvi, bulauni kapena maolivi mu maonekedwe akuda, ndiye kuti mwazindikira nyamayo, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kutalika ndi makulidwe a miyendo yake, kukhalapo kwa nembanemba pakati pa zala za kutsogolo ndi kuloza kwa muzzle. Achule a ku Spur ndi onenepa, ali ndi miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi mavalidwe, monga makanda, phokoso lozungulira, ndipo mulibe ziwalo pakatundu.

Gimenohirusa Mosiyana, Kakhungu ndi, miyendo yaitali ndiponso yowonda ikhale pamphuno acuminata. Kukula kwa gimenokhirus wamkulu, monga lamulo, sikupitirira 4 masentimita, pomwe chule cholimba chimakula mpaka 10cm.

Makhalidwe

Tsopano tiwone ngati achule ndi nsomba akhoza kuthetsedwa.

Koma Xenopus laevis, podziwa zinthu khalidwe yake anayankha mosapita m'mbali - mu Aquarium nsomba ndi chochita.

Amameza aliyense yemwe amakanirana mkamwa mwake, ndikulima mbewu zambiri, kukumba dothi, kutukula nyansi, ndikuyendetsa malowo.

Kuphatikiza apo, sakonda madzi abwino okhala ndi mayendedwe abwino, ndipo nsomba zambiri sizimakonda msambo wamba.

Ubwino yekha kukhala limodzi nsomba ndi achule clawed - ndi khungu la achule ntchofu lili wothandizila antimicrobial, amene angakhale ndi zotsatira achire pa nsomba matenda. Koma pakalipano la aquarium pharmacology, izi sizingafanane ndi vuto lalikulu. Ngati mukufunadi kukhala wopanda umagwirira, ndikosavuta kuyika nsomba yodwala mu thanki yaying'ono, pomwe isanakhaleko kanthawi kochepa pali chule.

Ena hobbyists analangiza kusunga ksenopusov nsomba kukhotakhota, chifukwa iwo kumva bwino mu madzi akale ndi kupuma mpweya wa mlengalenga. Koma bwanji? A aquarium yaying'ono yokhala ndi achule imatenga malo ochepa, ndipo zonse zikhala bwino.

Ndi gimenohirusami si mantha. Amakhulupirira kuti amagwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zodekha, osati zazikulu kwambiri, zopanda nyama. Sangaphwanye kukongola kwa m'madzimo. Komabe, mu Aquarium lalikulu gimenohirusy nthawi zambiri pochita m'misasa, kotero kuti iwo ndi pafupifupi sizingatheke kusunga, ndipo ndi kovuta kulamulira ndondomeko kudya.

Kudyetsa

Momwe mungadyetse achule a aquarium? Achule amamera ndipo Spurian amadya chakudya chokhacho ndikubzala. Pakuti clawed mitundu mphutsi abwino, tadpoles, ndi tiyipukuse pafupifupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers, mikanda yotereyi imadyetsedwa shrimp ndi chiwindi.

Kwa mitundu yazing'onozing'ono, ma nyongolotsi amphongo osaphwanyidwa, zidutswa za nsomba, nyama, ndi daphnia ndizoyenera kwambiri. Izi chakudya chule alandiridwa kwambiri. Sikoyenera kubweretsa chakudya chouma mum'tsalomo, chifukwa nzika za ku Africazi sizimadya. Njira yodyetsayi sizitenga nthawi yambiri.

Kuswana

Kubereka ndi analimbikitsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha madzi ndi pomwe ake ukonde.Asanabadwe, mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka pachiwopsezo cha yamphongo, ndiye amapanga mawu osangalatsa, ndikulimbikitsa mkaziyo kumasewera akudya. Pakuchepa, kumafunikira kwakatalika kosachepera 20 cm.Chimayi chimayikira mazira 50-200, mazira a makolo atawonekera, amayenera kuyikidwamo kuchokera kwa ana.

Ma tadpoles obadwa kumene ndi ang'ono, osapitirira 3 mm. Kuyambira poyambira - ozungulira ndi ma ciliates. Pakatha chaka, amadzakhala achikulire.

Matenda a achule

Achule a Aquarium amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

1. Matenda a Nematode. Nayo, khungu limasanduka imvi, limakhala loyipa, limasweka, exfoliates. Nyama imataya msanga. Ngati mutapanga gawo la khungu, mungathe kuwona mphutsi 1-2 mm kutalika.
2. Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Nthawi zambiri malo ovulala a khungu amakhudzidwa, mawonekedwe ongoza thonje pa iwo, omwe amatha kufalikira thupi lonse.
3. Malo ofiira. Bacteria matenda. Masheya ofiira akuda amaoneka pamiyendo ndi nkhope ya chule.
4. Dropsy. Komanso kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Thupi la chule limatupa, limatupa, limatha kuzungulira.

Mankhwalawa achule, mankhwala a nsomba zam'madzi otentha nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, posankha iwo malinga ndi causative wothandizila matendawa (anthelmintic, antifungal kapena antibacterial). Achule odwala amapatula. Ndi kukomoka, kupindika pakhungu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwanira, amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, kapena amakhala ndi nkhawa yayitali, amadwala.

Kufotokozera

Achule - nyama yam'mgulu la amphibian, ndi amtundu wa dongosolo la mchira. Amagawidwa paliponse, makamaka m'malo otentha. Mitundu ndi kukula kwake kumayambira ang'ono mpaka akulu. Achule okhala m'malo otentha amawoneka ngati zala.

Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 300 mm. Miyendo yakumaso ndi yamphamvu, ndipo imakhala ndi ma membala olongosoka bwino. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyocheperako komanso yofooka, palibe nembanemba. Malo okhala mitundu yambiri ndi malo okhala pafupi ndi nyanja, mitsinje, madambo, malo osefukira. Pali oimira okhala pamitengo. Amadyedwa monga chosangalatsa m'maiko ena a Asia ndi Europe.

Khalidwe

Khalidwe la achule silingatchedwe kuti losavuta komanso losaganizira. Amatha kupirira kupulumuka kuthengo. Amphibians amakumbukira adani, amabwera ndi njira zatsopano zosakira ndikupeza malo abwino okhalamo.

Achule a Aquarium amazindikira anthu ndi nkhope zawo, kumbukirani eni ake. Mukamadya nthawi yomweyo, amadikirira chakudya pamalo odyetserako, ndikutsegulira pafupipafupi kwa malo odyera kapena aquarium, amayandikira galasi. Wanyamayo amakumbukira zochita zake zabwino kapena zoyipa.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, zina zosangalatsa za achule a Spur:

• chule woyamba anali woyamba kukhala wosanza,
• kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, achule a Spur anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi pakati nthawi yayitali: ngati chule ali ndi mkodzo wa amayi apakati, motsogozedwa ndi chorionic gonadotropin imayamba kutuluka
• Chule sichimakhala ndi lilime, chifukwa chake, chimadya nyama, imadzithandiza ndi kutsogolo kwake, ndipo singathe kukhota zala zake, ndikuyigwira pansi, ngati kuti ikudya mitengo yamtengo yaku China.
• pamene achule a Spur adagwera mwangozi m'malo osungira otentha ku USA, adawononga mitundu ya achule kumeneko, chifukwa chake, m'maiko ena, zomwe matalala a Spur amaletsedwa, ndipo mwa ena ndizochepa.

Mwamwayi, achule amaloledwa m'dziko lathu, kuti aliyense athe kupeza zinyama zosasangalatsa kunyumba, kuzisamalira ndikuzisamalira, kupeza malingaliro abwino komanso kukhala ndi maluso kuti asunge nyanja. Zotsatirazi zidzakhala zothandiza mtsogolo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndi achule zonse zimangoyambira.

Zosiyanasiyana

Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi nkhuku ya Spur, ndipo ndi alubino (kuwala ndi pinki) komwe kumakhala anthu okhala m'madzi nthawi zambiri. Awa ndi anthu osadzikuza, pokhapokha ngati chakudya sichingawoneke bwino. Matupi awo samakula kwambiri kuposa 8 cm.

Kwa munthu m'modzi, kuti pakhale bata, madzi 10 amafunikira. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 18-22 ° C. Kuti mupange nyumba yokhalamo, mumafunikira fyuluta: popanda iyo, simungathe kupirira kuchuluka kwa dothi lopangidwa ndi chule. Onetsetsani kuti mwatseka Aquarium ndi chivindikiro kapena galasi lomwe lili ndi kusiyana. Mukasiya "chitseko" kuti thanki isatseguke, muziyang'ana Zelenka kapena Nikanor m'nyumba yonse.

Kuchokera pachakudya, chule yoyera ya Spur imakonda kakang'ono ka kamwazi, daphnia, kachilombo kakang'ono ka earthw. Kvakush sakana kugawana nyama yopendekera. Chachikulu sikuti mokulitsa ziweto: izi ndi zolengedwa zolimba, sizitsata zakudya, koma kunenepa kumawopseza. Chule wamkulu amafunika kudyetsedwa kawiri pa sabata, pomwe anthu ochulukirapo omwe amadya amadya kwambiri - 4-5 pa sabata. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nzika zam'madzi ndizigwira chakudya ndi mawaya awo, kuziwasanja mwachangu, ndikulowetsa pakamwa pawo.

Pa mphindi zochepa za chule la Spur, titha kudziwa kuyesa kwa nsomba zazing'ono. Ma Neon kapena ma guppies agwiridwira ntchito ngati munthu wokalamba, ngati ungasankhe kukhala oyandikana nawo. Ndipo achule a Spur - enieniwo anali odetsedwa: ndi osakhazikika, komanso akukumba dothi mwachisawawa. Zomera zimang'ambika ndikuphwanya.

Komanso, amachita izi chifukwa chopweteketsa, Spur alibe chidwi ndi zakudya zamasamba.

Pakati pa amphibians pali mitundu yambiri yotchuka.

• Hymenochirus. Achule achichepere, pafupifupi, amakula mpaka 4 masentimita 5. Ndi achule ochepa kupyola kuposa Spur: ali ndi miyendo yopyapyala, osati thupi lozungulira, ndipo amazungulira. Amatha kukhala mosangalala ngakhale atatha 5-litre. Nyama ndi thermophilic, osaloleza kusintha kwamadzi kawirikawiri.

Sazolowera kuphika zakudya, chifukwa mwachilengedwe ndi olusa. Amakondanso kukumba dothi ndikukweza zinyalala zonse pamadzi; madzi amtunduwu sangathe kutchedwa kuti zitsulo.

• Makasu achikasu (achikasu amtundu) ndi mikanda yofiyira. Achule awa amasiyanitsidwa chifukwa choti ali ndi mtundu wokongola komanso ndiw poizoni. Kwa anthu, poizoni yemwe amabisa siowopsa, komabe muyenera kusamba m'manja mukamalankhula nawo. Timasinthasintha mosavuta ngakhale kuneneratu nyengo. Achule awa amatha kutchedwa kuti aang'ono: kutalika kwawo sikupita 70 mm.

Achule okongoletsera amatha kukongoletsa ma aquarium. Koma kwa eniukhondo oyera kwambiri omwe sakonzeka kupirira zoperewera, achulewo sakhala ovomerezeka.

Othandizira zinyama zenizeni adzafuna kupanga achule kunyumba kuti aphunzire (osati kungodziwa mayina), sungani zolemba, muziwasamalira.

Shportsovaya (xenopus)

Xenopus laevis ndi amtundu wa amphibians, omwe amadziwika ndi asayansi kuyambira 1802. Chule wa Spur adalowetsedwa ndipo adakhala cholengedwa wamba pakati pa anyani. Anthu akuthengo ali ndi thupi lowonda ndi lofiirira. Amakhala ndi phokoso lalifupi pang'onopang'ono ndi maso kumtunda kwa mutu. Masomphenya samakulitsidwa bwino, kudalira kwambiri fungo. Chidacho chapamwamba chidasandulika khola. Ziwalo zogwira ndi mbali.

Miyendo yakumbuyo ya Xenopus laevis imapangidwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pakudumpha kapena kusambira. Pali malo osambira pakati pa zala. Zolocha ndi zazifupi komanso zopangika. Tumikirani ndikusuntha ndikukankha chakudya pakamwa m'malo mwa lilime. Matumba atembenuzidwira mkati, palibe nembanemba.

Pa phalanges ya zala pali milimita angapo kutalika kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani, kuwononga dothi kapena kumamatira kuti zitsime zimere. Pakupuma, imayandama pamadzi, nthawi yonseyo imatenga mpweya kudzera m'matumba a pakhungu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana masentimita 8-10, koma nthawi zina amafika 14 cm.

Mtundu wina wa Xenopus laevis, womwe unagonekedwa mu labotale ya University of Moscow, ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Chule cha albino chimakopa chidwi chifukwa cha mzungu kapena pinki torso ndi maso ofiira. Achule ndi oyera, mosiyana ndi anthu akuda omwe amakhala mkati mwao.

Choyenera chokha chopeza achule a pinki ndikuti sangasokonezeke ndi mitundu ina. Mukamasankha anthu obiriwira a Xenopus laevis, ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kulimba kwa thupi, kutalika kwake ndi kukula kwa miyendo yakumbuyo, kusapezeka kwa ziwalo pakatikati pa nkhope ndi chopondera chopindika.

Kugwirizana

Achule amatha kukhala moyo ndi nsomba, koma zomwe m'derali lingakhale ndi funso lalikulu. Ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizipereka nsembe, anthu okhala mmalo mwake sangakhale omasuka wina ndi mnzake. Mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, zofunika zamadzi, zisonyezo za kutentha, chakudya chimakhudza mkhalidwe woyandikana nawo.

Pali banja la nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kukhala limodzi ndi achule. Izi ndi nsomba zabodza: ​​gourami, xenopomies, laliuses, macropods, komanso amuna. Pafupifupi nsomba zonse pamwambazi zimakhala m'minda ya mpunga ku Asia. Minda siiphatisidwe mokwanira ndi mpweya, madziwo amakhala opanda kanthu ndipo amakhala osasunthika. Chifukwa choti nsomba zodulira matendawa zinkakonda kupuma m'mlengalenga, "madzi akale" ndi oyenera.

Koma akatswiri a zochizira nyama amalimbikitsa asodzi kuti asayesetse pafupi. Mwachitsanzo, amalimbikitsa kuti azisunga chule wa Spur yekha. Chule cha Spur chimameza onse obwera, ndikulima mbewu zofunika mu nsomba, chimasunthira zokongoletsera zonse mosamala. Njira yokhayo yoyandikana ndi phindu lomwe limapezeka chifukwa cha achule amene ali ndi khungu la matenda.

Ma Hymenochiruses amakhala ochezeka, amatha kukhala bwino ndi nsomba zodekha, zapakatikati komanso zopanda nyama.

Koma ngati muyika nyimbo ya hymenochirus kwakukulu, kuwonera sikungakhale kosangalatsa. Achule awa amakhala m'miseche kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo achule amene amabisala mu thanki yayikulu amafunika kupezeka.

Wodzala mu Africa (hymenochirus)

Bettger Hymenochirus ndi mtundu wa achule omwe amakhala m'malo osungika kapena otsika kwambiri pakatikati pa Africa. Ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa mitundu ya Spur. Mwachilengedwe amakhala m'madzi okhala ndi uve, pomwe akukonza nyumba amakonda kusintha kosowa kwa madzi. Powonjezera madzi sikofunikira, amapumira mpweya wam'mlengalenga kapena khungu.

Ma Hymenochiruses ali ndi kukula kochepa thupi - masentimita atatu kutalika, kutalika kwa masentimita 6-8. Poyerekeza ndi xenopus, thupi lawo ndi loonda komanso lambiri - thupi lalitali, zopindika zazitali, miyendo yochepa thupi komanso yayitali. Mtunduwo ndi wa bulauni, wokhala ndi mawanga m'thupi lonse. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yolimba komanso yayitali; Kutsogolo kwake ndi kwakufupi komanso ndi nembanemba. Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira chakudya pakamwa pang'ono.

Mitundu yocheperako ya ku Africa imakhala ndi bata. Amakonda moyo wobisalira, amathera tsiku lathunthu muzomera kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi nthaka. Anthu amtunduwu ndi amanyazi. Ndi kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi m'madzi kapena phokoso lalikulu, amabisala mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti akagula achule achichepere, amafunika kukonzekeretsa malo akuda kwakanthawi kogona.

Madzi sadetsedwa monga xenopus, koma ngati pali mbewu zobzalidwa, zimakumba mizu m'nthaka ndikuwononga masamba. Amakonda kuyimilira kwa nthawi yayitali mumtsinje wamadzi popanda kuyenda. M'malo am'mizinda yayikulu siziwoneka, izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwunika momwe ziliri.

Zinthu zikukula

Kunena kuti achule am'madzi ndi zolengedwa zokongola nkovuta. Nsomba zimakhala zoyera kwambiri komanso sizimavutikira kuposa ma amphibians. Koma okonda nyama zakutchire, okonzeka kupanga zachilengedwe pang'ono kunyumba, amakonda kupeza achule m'malo mwa nsomba zokhala chete (kapena nawo). Chifukwa chokonda zoology, mutha kulowa nawo omwe ali ndi ziweto zachilendozi ndikuwasamalira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chule la Spur, wokonzeka kukhala chiweto chanu, ndiye woyamba kukhala wamtondo. Ndipo chochititsa chidwi china: zaka pafupifupi 100 zapitazo, chule wa Spur adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso a pakati. Mukamupatsa jekeseni wa mkodzo pakati, mothandizidwa ndi hCG, amayamba kutuluka.

Chifukwa chakuti achule ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi zachilengedwe, anthu ambiri samachita ngati zoseweretsa zamadzi zakumadzi. Amasamala za kusunga ma amphibians, kuwasamalira, komanso kuwonera. Ndipo amafufuza mosamala zidziwitso zonse zomwe zilipo kuti alole anthu okhala m'madzi kuti azikhala moyo wabwino komanso wosangalala m'madzi.

Pipa American

Mtundu wa achule amene amakhala ku Brazil ndi Guyana. Amadziwika ndi thupi lodzikongoletsa la quadrangular ndi chida chaching'ono. Pamutu pali maso ang'ono omwe ali pamwamba. Tizilombo ta utoto tating'ono komanso kutalika, tili ndi nembanemba. Pamapewa, pafupi ndi maso ndi pakamwa, pali zikopa zachikopa, makanda amtundu wamtundu wakuda wa bulauni.

Pamimba, mtunduwo ndi wopepuka - wachikasu wachikasu, mzere wakuda umadutsa m'mimba. Zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimayang'ana kumbuyo. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika mpaka 18-20 cm. Chidwi ku American pipa ndi njira yake yosungira caviar. Pambuyo umuna ndi kumatulutsa kwa pipa, a ku America amasunga mazira m'mabowo kumbuyo mpaka ataswa.

Zofunikira za Aquarium

Ngati mutenga achule akuluakulu angapo oti akukonza, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa aquarium kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 100 Kulimbirana bwino ndikusamalira bwino ndikofunikira. Ma Toadstools azikhala mu aquaterrarium - chida chapadera. Ming'alu ingapo yachikulire iyenera kuyembekezera chosungira pafupifupi malita asanu.

Shportsev wokwanira malita 10-20 awiri. Mu aquarium, payenera kukhala malo okhalamo okwanira, chifukwa mtunduwu «wamba» amasankha kubwerera kumoyo.

Maziko okonzekera bwino ndi kokhazikika kwa madzi kwa masiku atatu, izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chlorine mmenemo. Amphibians ndi odzikuza pamlingo wa acidity ndi kuwuma kwamadzi. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi amalangiza kuti asamatsanulire posintha madzi mu thanki. Madzi okhazikika ndi otsetsereka ndi oyenera kudzaza thanki ya nsomba. Kutentha kwamadzi ndikwambiri – kuchokera 22 mpaka 28 ° C kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amphibians.

Chida

Amadzitcha red-beled, yellow-belled, Far East - mtundu wa achule owopsa okhala ndi utoto wowala. Kumbuyo ndikubiriwira kwamtambo, pamimba pamakhala chikaso, chofiira. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.

Kumbuyo kuli ma tubercles omwe amachititsa kuti poizoni wa phrinolycin atulutsidwe. Kwa anthu, poizoni siliopsezo, koma atatha kulumikizana ndi zofunda zamanja, manja ayenera kutsukidwa bwino. Pamene phrinolycin ilowa mucous nembanemba, redness, kutupa, ndi kuyabwa kumachitika.

Ozimitsa moto amangozolowera ndipo amazolowera anthu. Amakumbukira mwini wake kumaso ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi kuti azimuyang'ana.

Zofunikira zamadzi

Achule alibe zofunika zapadera pakukhalira ndi madzi oyera. Koma asanaikemo, amateteza kwa masiku atatu kuti achepetse zakudya za chlorine. Kuuma kwamadzi ndi acidity sizimakhudza kwambiri amphibians.

Posunga ziweto za 1-2, malita a 5-15 amafunikira. Ma Hymenochiruses amasankha bwino zamadzi ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale ochepa.

Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala madigiri 22-26, popanda kusintha kwakuthwa. Kudumpha kwamatenthedwe kumayambitsa matenda komanso thanzi labwino kwa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Ngati madzi ali ndi vuto, simungathe kusintha m'malo onsewo kamodzi - madzi 20-30% okha.

Zomera

Zomera, ngati zilipo mu aquarium, zimatha kukhala zolimba zokha. Zitha kubzalidwe mosamalitsa m'miphika, apo ayi achule adzayamba kufukula mwachangu. Zomera zikangokhala zithunthu mu nyumba yamadzi, achule amakonda kubisala kumbuyo kwawo.

Akatswiri ena am'madzi amachita mochenjera: amaika pafupi ndi thanki momwe mumakhalamo anthu ambiri, maluwa osungirako maluwa omwe ali ndi chomera chomangidwa ndi mphukira. Amayikidwa m'madzi. Tangiyo idakutidwa, imakhala yopanga mapulani, ndipo mizu yobiriwira imakhalabe yopanda vuto.

Dziwani kuti achule, monga zamoyo zonse, amatenga matenda. Ena matenda a amparium amphibians ndizofala kwambiri.

• Matenda a Nematode. Amphibians amatembenuka, khungu, khungu lawo. Amachepetsa thupi msanga, ndipo ndikakola kuchokera pakhungu, ndizowona kuzindikira mphutsi.
• Matenda oyipa. Nthawi zambiri, mafangayi amayambitsa malo ovulala pakhungu, pomwe amapangika chikafuta ngati thonje, chomwe chimatha kudutsa thupi lonse.
• Malo ofiira. Ili ndi dzina la kachilomboka komwe mabala ofiira amawoneka pamiyendo ndi nkhope ya chule.
• Dropsy. Vuto lina la bakiteriya, lomwe limatupa ngati mpira, limatupa, thupi limataya contour yake.

Kuchita ndi achule njira zam'madzi otentha a aquarium, amasankhidwa malinga ndi oyambitsa matendawa. Ngati pali achule angapo mu thankiyo (kapena amakhala ndi nsomba), chiweto chodwalacho chimayenera kukhala chokha. Achule onenepa kwambiri komanso ziweto zomwe zimakhala mosavutikira zimayambira matenda.

Kodi kudyetsa ndi chiyani?

Anthu okhala m'madzi okongoletsera sakonda kudya mwachangu kwa amphibians: apatseni chakudya. Shportsevs amadya nyongolotsi zazing'ono mosangalatsa (koma amathanso kudya mphutsi), ndipo amadyanso zakudya, zikuluzikulu zamagazi, ma tadpole ndi mwachangu. Ndi tweezers, amasangalala kudya nyama, zidutswa za chiwindi kapena shrimp. Mwapadera ndizoletsedwa kupatsa nyama ya nkhumba; mafuta a ng'ombe ndi opanga maipi ndizowopsa.

Gimenokhirusy amakonda nyongolosi zazing'ono zamagazi, daphnia kapena nsomba. Ngati mungasankhe chakudya chosasunthika ndi chouma podyetsa, achule anganyalanyaze. Ndikokwanira kudyetsa munthu wamkulu hymenochirus kawiri pa sabata: osawopa, sadzafa ndi njala. Komabe, chifukwa cha dongosolo losowa chonchi, anthu ambiri amaiwaliratu kudyetsa ziweto zawo. Ndipo kuyiwala koteroko nkowopsa.

Ndizosangalatsa kuyerekezera zomwe oimira mitundu iwiri yodziwika. Ma Shportsov ali ndi malingaliro okoma a kununkhira komanso kukhudza. Anthu okhala m'madzi am'nyanjayi amasamala kwambiri fungo ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Amatha kupeza chakudya mwachangu komanso kuthana nacho mwachangu.

Ma Hymenochiruses sakhala okalamba: amafunika kubweretsa chakudya ku mphuno zawo.

Koma ndizosangalatsa adazolowera: chizindikiro china kapena malo osankhidwa bwino akhoza kukhala chizindikiritso cha chakudya chofulumira kwa iwo. Ndibwino, mwachitsanzo, kuti mupeze pang'onopang'ono ma aquarium ndi ma tweezers, pamene akupita kumveka. Zowona, awa okhala ndi chakudya adzadya kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo panjira, panjira, amatha kusintha malingaliro. Waulesi pang'ono, ngakhale osathamangira kudya.

Mating

Njira ya umuna imachitika mumdima. Yamphongo imadula miyendo yakutsogolo ya akazi. Amatuluka, amatembenuka ndikubwerera m'malo mwake. Pambuyo pake, yaikazi imayikira mazira, ndipo yamphirayo imuthira manyowa.

Mazira okhala ndi mainchesi a 1-2 mm amaswedwa nthawi imodzi ndi zidutswa 5-10. Chiwerengero cha mazira owerengeka amatha kukhala 500, koma nthawi zambiri mazira 200-300. Ngati kuswana sikukonzekera, ndiye kuti mazira amasiyidwa m'madzi ndi makolo awo ndikudyedwa ndi anthu ena. Kuti kuswana, mazira amasamutsidwa ku thanki ina. Kutentha kwamoto kolimbikitsidwa ndi madigiri 24-26. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mphutsi zimaswa pamakoma ndi masamba a mbewu kumaswa kwa mazira.

Mapaipi

Pambuyo pa masiku 5-7, mphutsizo zimakhala ma tadpoles. Ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma ciliates, pambuyo pake ndi tubule kapena artemia. Pambuyo pa milungu 6, ma tadpoles amasinthidwa kukhala achikulire.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Mu achule, "dimorphism" ya kugonana siinakhazikitsidwe kwambiri. Kunja, amuna ndi ofanana ndi akazi. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kukula. Kukula kwa chikazi nthawi zonse kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwamphongo.

Amuna, msana umakhala wosalala ndipo ulibe chikhalidwe chogonana. Pakubala, zazikazi zimatupa, mbali zake zimakhala zowongoka. Amuna, pakubala, mawanga akuda ndi mizere imawoneka paws. Tizilombo totuwa kapena loyera timayamba kuwonekera kuseri kwa kutsogolo.

Spur ndi hymenochiruses mwa akazi ali ndi oviduct akunja omwe amawoneka ngati mchira wawung'ono.

Ndemanga za eni

Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa eni, achule am'madzi ndi ziweto zabwino. Ndizosangalatsa kutsatira zomwe amachita, posachedwa amakumbukira mwini wakeyo ndikum'konda. Otsala amakopeka ndi kuphweka kwa kukonza komanso kusakhalapo kwa zovuta. Oyenera bwino kwa oyamba kumene komanso anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi ubweya kapena khungu. Nyama imatha kuperekedwa kwa mwana wodalirika chifukwa chomasamalira.

Malangizo Musanagule

• Musanagule, sankhani mtundu wa achule. Sankhani kuti ndiwothandiza kapena wachisangalalo wamba.
• Osayamba anthu akwawo. Bwino kugula achule.
• Sankhani kukula kwake. Mitundu yaying'ono imatha kupezeka mu thanki wamba. Achule akuluakulu adzafunika akasinja osiyana.
• Dziwani zomwe mitundu yosankhidwa imadya. Sikuti aliyense angadyetse nyama ndi tizilombo tamoyo.

Kusiyana kwa kugonana ndi kubereka

Njira zoberekera achule, zomwe zimachitika ndi akatswiri, zimawoneka zosangalatsa. Moyenera, mu ukapolo anyani amtundu wabwino amakhala omasuka. Amphibians sangadzabadwenso m'malo olakwika. Munthawi yomwe mating ikuchitika, muyenera kuyimitsanso timadziti kawiri pa sabata. Pangani madzi kukhala otentha pang'ono kuposa masiku onse.

Mikwingwirima yakuda ikawonekera pamiyendo ya amuna, ipanga mawu omwe atanthauza "kupambana kukonzekera". Awiriwo ayenera kuyikidwamo ndi malo oyera ndi madzi oyera. Ndipo caviar ikachedwa, awiriwo apitanso ku aquarium. M'malo mwake, kuyambira mazira 50 mpaka 200, ma tadpoles omwe amawoneka kuchokera mazira ali ndi kukula kosaposa 3 mm.

Ana a achule amadyetsedwa ndi ma rotifers komanso infusoria. Achule okhwima pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo.

Kuti mudziwe mtundu wawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo otsatirawa.

• Ngakhale pa malo ogulitsa ziweto, muziyang'anitsitsa anthu onse. Thupi la mkazi nthawi zambiri limakula mpaka ku chiuno, ndipo thupi la anyamatawo limavala chimodzimodzi. Sipadzakhala kusiyanitsa konsekonse.
• Tengani amphibian m'manja mwanu, itembenuzireni kumbuyo: ngati pali tubercle pakati pa miyendo yomwe ikuwoneka ngati mchira, ichi ndi ovipositor, azimayi okha ndi omwe ali nayo. Pa iye mutha kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna.
• Mutha kupenda khosi la amphibians. Amuna ali ndi ma resonators ofanana ndi ma blogs. Mitundu ina, imapezeka pakhosi ndipo imatchedwa ma resonators a mmero, mwa ena - pamutu, m'mbali. Othandizira amathandizanso kupanga mawu ovuta panthawi yakukhwima.
• Matako a amphibian amathanso kuwoneka. Amuna amakhala ndi zophuka zofanana ndi bulashi yakuda pa iwo, amatambasukira kumtunda wamtambo. Kapenanso mwina pamakhala maukwati oyendetsera ukwati m'miyendo yomwe imawoneka ngati khungu loyera.

Koma kudziwa ndi chitsimikizo cha 100% ngati ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi ndikotheka kokha ndi katswiri. Mwa achichepere, kutsimikiza zogonana ndikovuta kwambiri.

Vidiyo yotsatirayi ikukuuzani za chule lodziwika bwino la aquarium.