Triton ndi nyama yomwe ili m'gulu la amphibians, nyama yokhala osagwirizana ndi zigamba, gulu la anthu osokoneza bongo. Mabanja omwe zatsopanozi ndi: salamanders enieni, salamander opanda mapapu, ndi lugfish. Triton sikhala chovala ndipo osati buluzi, ndi nyama yomwe moyo wake umadutsa m'njira ziwiri: m'madzi ndi pamtunda.

Kodi kumeneku kumakhala kuti?

Kuchulukitsa kwa zatsopano kumakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica, Australia ndi Africa. AchiNewts amakhala ku America, Europe ndi Asia, ndipo amapezeka kupyola Arctic Circle.

Amphibian newt amakhala m'malo okhala masamba. Atachoka padziwe, akudikirira maola otentha akunyumba, komwe kumatha kukhala khungwa la mitengo, milu yamiyala, zikho zowola ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama yatsopano imakhala hibernation (pafupifupi miyezi 8), ikabisala pamalo obisika: mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mulu wa masamba omwe adagwa, omwe adayikidwa pansi kapena masamba adagwa.

Kodi ma triton amadya chiyani?

Zakudya zazikulu za newts ndi ma invertebrates. Panthawi yomwe akukhala m'malo osungirako amatha kukhala crustaceans ang'ono, mphutsi za udzudzu ndi mayonesi. Akafika kumtunda, anyaniwa amadya zakudya zosafunikira, nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana touluka. Ntchito za Amphibian zimawonetsedwa usiku.

Kufalikira kwa Newts

Ndikayamba masika, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa newt amabwerera kumalo osungira, komwe anabadwira. Amuna akamaliza kuvina kokomera, umuna wamkati umachitika. Wamphongo watsopano amatulutsira timadzi tating'ono m'madzi, pomwe wamkazi amatenga kamphaka. Caviar imagwiritsa ntchito zomwera zam'madzi. Pambuyo pa masiku 20, mphutsi zamtundu wa triton zimapezeka. M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala ndi ma metamorphoses, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, amatenga ma 4c kutalika kwake ndi mapapu opangidwa kupita kumtunda.

Mitundu yazatsopano, mayina ndi zithunzi

Mwa mitundu yambiri ya ma newts, oimira otsatirawa amatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• Newt(Lissotriton vulgaris)

ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wa ma amphibians awa. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira sikupitirira masentimita 11. Khungu la newt limatha kukhala losalala komanso yokutidwa ndi ziphuphu zazing'ono. Pamwamba pamutu, kumbuyo ndi mchira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira za maolivi, ndipo malo amdima akuwoneka pansi, atapakidwa ndimaso achikasu. Mukakhala m'madzi, nyerere wamba zimadyera udzudzu ndi mphutsi za mtundu, chinjoka. Padziko lapansi, zakudya zake zimadalira mbozi, tizilombo komanso nyongolotsi. Kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu yatsopanoyi kumaphatikizapo maiko a Western, Central ndi Northern Europe komanso madera ambiri a Russia. Chimakhala m'nkhalango zomwe mitengo yake imakhala yabwino, mapaki ndi mitengo yokutidwa ndi chitsamba.

• Comb Newt(Triturus cristatus)

imatha kutalika 18 cm. Mtundu wa kumtunda kwa mchira ndi thunthu ndi lakuda kapena lofiirira. Malo akuda amawonekera bwino pamimba la lalanje. Mtsempha womwe umamera mumtundu wamphongo nthawi yamkaka, umakhala wowoneka bwino. Amakhala, ngati newt wamba, m'maiko ambiri ku Europe. Komabe, ku Pyrenees ndi kumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula sikupezeka. Ku Russia, malo ogawikirawa amafikira kumwera kwa Sverdlovsk. Pomwe nyama zamtunduwu ndizosakanikirana komanso malo okhala, komanso malo olimidwa m'nkhalango.

• Alpine newt(Ichthyosaura alpestris)

ndiye woimira wokongola kwambiri wamagulu osokoneza bongo. Khungu losalala kumbuyo kwa amuna limapakidwa bulauni ndi tint imvi, kumbali ndi miyendo pali malo amdima amtundu wakuda. Utoto wam'mimba ndi wofiirira-lalanje, kumtunda kwa mchirawo ndi imvi ndi utoto wabuluu, ndipo wotsika ndi tint ya azitona. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika masentimita 13. Alpine newt ndiofala m'mapiri komanso kumapiri a Greece, Spain, Italy ndi Denmark. Ku Russia, oyimira amtunduwu samapezeka.

• Marble Triton(Triturus marmoratus)

amakhala ku Spain, France ndi Portugal, ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda opanda mawonekedwe, wopatsa khungu mawonekedwe a nsangalabwi. Malo oyera amayikidwa mwachisawawa pamimba yakuda. Chowoneka chosiyanitsa ndi akazi ndi mzere woonda wa lalanje kapena wofiyira womwe umayenda m'thupi. Kutalika kwa mitsitsi ya achikulire sikupita masentimita 17. Amphibians amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi oyimirira kapena mitsinje yokhala ndi phokoso komanso osayenda pang'ono. Njira ya moyo ili ngati fumbi wamba.

• Kuwala Newt(wokhala ndi nthiti)(Pleurodeles waltl)

Imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhalapo a mtundu wofiirira. Timba pamimba ndi malo ang'onoang'ono akuda. Chochititsa chidwi pakati pamtunduwu ndi kusowa kwa kanyama kanyumba kamphongo nthawi yakukhwima ndi nthiti zomwe zimatuluka kunja kudzera pakatikati pakhungu komanso zokhala ndi poizoni. Wachikulire amatha kutalika masentimita 23. Mosiyana ndi achibale ambiri, zatsopano zomwe zimayamwa zimatha kutsogolera zochitika zapadziko lapansi komanso zam'madzi ndipo zimamva bwino m'madziwe achilengedwe komanso opanga, komanso m'madamuwe onyowa. Malo okhala ndi monga Morocco, Spain ndi Portugal.

• Asia Minor Newt (Ommatotriton vittatus, zofananira Triturus vittatus)

imatha kutalika masentimita 14. Yolembedwa ku Turkey, Iraq, Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, Israel ndi Georgia. Panthawi yobereka, khungu laimuna limakhala ndi maolivi owala amkuwa. Chokwera chokwera kwambiri cha maseramu chimangokhala kumbuyo koma sichidutsa mchira. Mtundu wa zatsopanozi umakhala m'madzi oyenda, osakanikirana ndi nkhalango zowuma. Zakudya zake zimaphatikiza zinyalala zam'madzi, mphutsi za tizilombo, mphutsi ndi arachnids. Amagwiritsa ntchito lilime lalitali kugwira chakudya.

• Triton Karelina(Triturus karelinii)

ali ndi kutalika kwakuthupi kwa 13 cm, koma mitundu ina imafikira masentimita 18. Pachifukwa ichi, Karelin amatengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri wamtundu wa newt. Mtundu wakuda ndi wodera kapena laimvi wokhala ndi mawanga amdima. Mimba ndi mmero chikasu kapena lalanje ndi malo ang'onoang'ono akuda. Amakhala m'malo a nkhalango komanso mapiri ku Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Serbia, ku Crimea komanso kugombe la Black Sea ku Russia.

• Ussuri amawomba newt(Ussuri lugfish) (Onychodactylus fischeri)

Uwu ndi mtundu waukulu wa mitundu yatsopano. Kutalika kwa thupi lopanda mchira ndi 58-90 mm, kutalika konsekonse ndi mchirawo kumafika masentimita 12.5-18.5. Mchirawo umakonda kutalika kuposa thupi. Amakhala nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi ku Korea, kum'mawa kwa China, kumwera kwa Russia Far East. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mitsinje yozizira, komwe kutentha kwa madzi sikupitirira 10-12 degrees. Amadyetsa tizilombo komanso ma mollusks. Kwenikweni, mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala m'madzi pafupipafupi, chifukwa salola kuuma kwa khungu. Zatsopano zimabisala m'magulu, m'ming'alu, pansi, kapena mtengo wamtengo wowola.

• Triton wokhala ndi chikasu(Taricha granulosa)

ali ndi kutalika kwa 13 mpaka 22. Tsitsi la amphibians awa ndi granular, kumbuyo ndiko bulauni kapena bulauni-lakuda, m'mimba ndi chikasu kapena lalanje. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mawanga m'mbali zawo. Amakhala kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Canada ndi USA. Monga zatsopano zina, zobiriwira zokhala ndi chikasu zimatulutsa poyizoni wamphamvu - tetrodotoxin.

• California newt(Taricha torosa)

imatha kutalika masentimita 20. Mtundu wa amphibian umatha kukhala wodera komanso wopepuka. Mitundu yatsopanoyi imakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa USA: kumapiri a Sierra Nevada komanso pagombe la California. Mitundu ya zatsopanozi imadyera tizilombo, nkhono, mphutsi, ma slgs, ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji amakondedwa kwambiri?

Triton vulgaris sikuwoneka ngati nsomba. Ilibe kufewa, kusatetezeka komanso kukhudza, monga nsomba zazing'ono kuzunguliridwa ndi zipsepse zosalala ndi mchira wokongola.

Ichi ndi cholengedwa komanso champhamvu, chofanana ndi salamander, ndipo choyimiriridwa mwachilengedwe ndi zosankha zingapo, chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Mitundu ya zokwawa izi imasiyana kwambiri mzinthu izi:

• kukula kwake
• utoto
• zofunikira pamoyo
• machitidwe.

Zosiyanasiyana:

Crested Triton ndiye wamkulu kwambiri, amatha kukula mpaka 18 cm. Panthawi yobereketsa, pamakhala chiwombankhanga chomanga msana kwamphongo, ndikupatsa nyamayo chofananira ndi chinjoka. Mapangidwe awa amakhala mmalo onse apamwamba a thupi (kuyambira korona mpaka m'mphepete mwa mchira).

Asia Minor Triton ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi mtunduwu. Ngati simukuganizira kukula kwake kocheperako (mpaka 12-14 cm), kutalika ndi mawonekedwe ake masitomala ndi chidwi. Mtundu wocheperako womwe umawoneka wowopsa pang'ono komanso wodabwitsa.

Newt yokhala ndi nitrite imakhala yocheperako kakang'ono, kukula kwake komwe sikupitirira 6 cm. Maonekedwe ake ndi opepuka komanso ozolowera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sakhala aukali.

Watsopano kwambiri wamtundu wamtopola, wokhala ndi dzina lachiwiri: mimba yamoto. Mawu oterewa sanatuluke mwachangu, koma, chifukwa cha mtundu wofiirira wowoneka bwino komanso wammimba pamimba ya amphibian.

Ma tritonchik onse amakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa: kusintha khungu pakokha. Kuthekera kwapamwamba kotereku kwakhala nako chidwi kwa asayansi ndi akatswiri a sayansi. Lero ndi mawa la sayansi yachilengedwe ndipo sivuto lomveka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo amadya "mawonekedwe" ake akale, osasiya kutsatira.

Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa moyo wawo?

Triton aquarium sitha kutchedwa chinsinsi cha chilengedwe, komabe idakali ndi zinthu zingapo zodabwitsa. Kukhala ndi magazi am'madzi ozizira, zirombo zam'madzi zimakonda kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium osaposa 22 °. Mwachitsanzo, Karelin triton, amatha kubereka m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa 6 o . Chifukwa chake, pothekera kotentha madzi, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku nyali, chipangizo chozizira chimayenera kuperekedwa.

Iranian newt yokhala ndi mtundu wosafotokozeka wophatikizika wa utoto (pamimba la lalanje, mbali zoyera ndi kumbuyo wakuda), monga mitundu yambiri, imakonda kuyala mu "terata ladzuwa", yomwe ili ndi zida pafupi ndi aquarium. Ndi kusintha koteroko kokha komwe bwenzi labwino lingakhale labwino komanso labwino.

Chosangalatsa cha caudate amphibian marble newt. Makongoletsedwe ake amapangitsa kuti isaoneke pang'onopang'ono pazomera zamtundu wa silt kapena wandiweyani. Mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira pamdima wakuda ndi mtundu wamalingaliro achilengedwe, amakupatsani mwayi kuzolowera moyo wam'madzi wokhala ndi nyama zodya nyama.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu yonse?

Mbali ya okhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi kuthekera kosinthasintha ndi malamulo wamba, kudya zakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala ndi moyo wofananira. Komabe, ponena za tritonchiks izi sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, triton wa nitrous amakonda kukhala wotakataka usiku, pamene ena okhala m'madzimo akupumula ndipo ngozi yake ndiyochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, ng'ona yatsopano, yomwe imakhala yowoneka bwino koma yopindika, siimawopa kuti izindikiridwa chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi mtundu wake. Amasambira molimba mtima masana pafupifupi pansi.

Marble Triton akumva bwino kunja kwa madzi. Ali wokonzeka kuphimba pansi pa nyali kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati buluzi. Komabe, nyengo yakukhwima, msana wamphongo udali ndi nthiti.

Asia Minor Triton ndi malingaliro achinsinsi komanso osungulumwa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, amayesetsa kubisala osakumanidwa. Sizimangodutsa gawo lomwe adafotokozeredwa ndi iye, zomwe ndizokongola popanga aquarium ensemble.

Ndi iti yomwe mungasankhe sisitiri wakunyumba?

Triton aquarium imatha kukhala yachilendo wokhala mu ufumu wamadzi wanyumba. Mtundu wa newt-salamander, wanzeru komanso wachilendo, wosangalatsa kwachilengedwe komanso wosamveka bwino.

Kusankhako kumatengera kukula kwa malo am'madzi ndi kufunitsitsa kusamalira pafupipafupi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa Karelin triton, wokhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu, udzamva kupsinjika ndi madzi osakwana malita 50. Nthawi yomweyo, zolaula zatsopano, zomwe sizimasiyana pakapangidwe kake, zimayesa kuzolowera nyumba wamba yaying'ono. Komabe, muyenera kusamalira madzi atsopano ndi kukonza kwake. Mwambiri, triton ya nitrous ndiye njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yotchedwa aquarium yakunyumba.

Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwa mfundo, gulu lomwe lipangidwe ndilofunika kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa aquaterrarium, mutha kuyimilira pamalo osankha: newt - salamander. Mitundu ndi makulidwe ake ndiokwanira kupanga nyimbo yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira.

Komabe, mgwirizano ndi nsomba zina, akamba am'madzi kapena nkhono siziyikidwa pambali. Chachikulu ndikupewa mwayi woti mungadye wina ndi mzake. Lamulo loyamba pankhaniyi lidzakhala zida za aquarium yosiyana pobereka.

Kupatula kuwonongeka koyambirira ndi kuwola kwa madzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zakudya zizichitidwa mosiyana (mwachitsanzo, zatsopano, akamba kapena achule).

Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yambiri ya rephiles ya amphibian yokhala ndi dzina "tritonchiki". Iliyonse ya iwo ndi amodzi ndi machitidwe. Mutha kuyankhula zambiri za iwo, koma ndibwino kuyesetsa kupeza anzanu. Mwambiri, saumirira ndipo samasankha. Komabe, samakonda kukhala kumbuyo. Dziko la aquarium lilipo kwa iwo, ndipo akufuna kukhala eni ake mokwanira.

Maonekedwe a newt wamba

Newt yodziwika imakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira wa 7 - 11 cm yokha ndipo ndi amodzi mwa ochepa kwambiri mwa mitundu ya mitundu yatsopano.

Mumtundu wamtunduwu, zazikazi zimakhala zazing'ono kukula kuposa amuna. Kusiyana kumeneku kumanenedweratu nthawi yakukhwima. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna amakhala ndi mutu wapadera kumbuyo kwake. M'chaka chonsecho, amuna ndi akazi a nyama zodziwika bwino siziwoneka mosiyanasiyana.

Newt.

Khungu la newt limakhala losalala kukhudza, miyeso ndiyochepa kwambiri. Thupi limapaka utoto wamafuta azitona kapena a bulauni. Pali mawanga amdima pamimba lalanje kapena wachikasu. Wamphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wakuda poyerekeza ndi wamkazi.

Kukhazikika kwa zinthu zatsopano

Newt yodziwika ndi imodzi mwazitundu zatsopano kwambiri. Mtunduwu umapezeka pafupifupi ku Europe, kupatula kumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula, kumwera kwa France, kumwera kwa Apennine Peninsula ndi gawo lonse la Iberian Peninsula. Komanso, wamba wamba amakhala ku Asia mpaka kumapiri a Altai.

Khalidwe la Triton ndi zakudya

Mu nyengo yakukhwima, triton imakhala makamaka m'madzi. Pakadali pano, amasankha mayiwe okhala ndi mafunde ofooka kapena madzi osayenda: maiwe, nyanja, ma puddles. Nthawi yakubzala ikatha, mbalame zamtundu wamba zimasuntha kuma tchire, m'nkhalango, ngakhale kumtunda. Triton imakonda kupezeka m'minda ndi minda.

Pa nthawi ya moyo wake wam'madzi, chakudya chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nyamayi imakhala makamaka ndi mapira, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. M'mikhalidwe yamoyo kunja kwa matupi amadzi, izi zimadya akangaude, ma nyansi, ntchofu, mbozi, kafadala, mphero ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. Mphutsi zatsopano zimadya mphutsi za udzudzu, daphnia ndi zina zazing'ono zam'mimba.