Mphaka wamtchire ndi woimira mabanja amphaka, akukakhala kuthengo. Kunja, nyama yolusa imeneyi imafanana ndi mphaka wamba, komabe, si nyama wamba, monga ambiri amakhulupirira.

Kodi oimira mtunduwu akuwoneka bwanji? Kodi ndi mitundu iti yamphaka zakutchire zomwe zilipo? Kodi nyamazo zimakhala kuti? Amakhala ndi moyo wamtundu wanji? Amadya chiyani? Kodi amphaka zakuthengo amabala bwanji? Kodi amatha kusungidwa kunyumba?

Maonekedwe amphaka wa kuthengo

Nyama izi zimatchedwa European chifukwa zimapezeka koyamba ku Europe. Kunja, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi amphaka wamba wamba, amangokhala ndi zazikulu zokulirapo. Mphaka wa ku Europe wamtchire ali ndi izi:

• Thupi lalikulu komanso lolimba. Kutalika, amuna amafika masentimita 43, zazikazi - 40 cm. Kulemera kwa nyama kumadalira nyengo, zaka komanso kuchuluka kwa nyama. Kutengera izi, abambo amalemera kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 7.8 kg, zazikazi - kuyambira 2.7 mpaka 6 kg. Kutalika kwa amphaka pafupifupi 90 cm, amphaka nthawi zambiri amafupika masentimita 20.
• Nyumba zokhalamo, zodutsika.
• Mutu wawung'ono.
• Makutu ang'onoang'ono, otambalala mozungulira, ozunguliridwa, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika. Palibe mabulashi.
• Mphuno ndi yolumikizidwa pang'ono, ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
• Maso ali obiriwira, abulauni kapena achikasu amaso, okhazikika bwino. Utoto wowonjezera wowonjezera umateteza chilombo ku zovulala zingapo. Palibe eyelashes.
• Mano ang'ono ndi akuthwa kwambiri.

• Kutalika kwa vibrissa.
• Mchirawo ndi wafupikirapo kuposa wa chiweto. Ili ndi pubescence wolemera komanso wonyezimira, ngati kuti wadulidwa, nsonga.
• Zambiri zazitali kutalika. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama izithamangitsanso mwamphamvu kuchokera pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, mphaka wamtchire amatha kudumphira m'mwamba.
• Chovala chakuda kwambiri, chopangidwira kuteteza chilala ku chimfine. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyambira mu Novembala, chovalacho chimakulirakulira. Nyama izi zimawomba mu Epulo-Meyi.

• Mtundu "Woteteza". Mwachilengedwe, nyama zodya nyama zokhala ndi zofiirira komanso zaimvi zotuwa zimapezeka. Mitundu yotere imalola nyamayo kuphatikizana ndi chilengedwe. Pa msana, kuyambira pama phewa, pamakhala mzere wakuda. Zingwe zoonda zazitali zakuda zimadutsanso m'masaya ndi mbali ya parietal. Chovala kumbali yakunja ndi kunja kwa miyendo imakhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka wopepuka wokhala ndi zilembo zofiirira kapena mikwingwirima yaying'ono. Chovala pamimba ndi mkati mwamiyendo ndichopepuka kwambiri. Pa mchira pali zingwe zazitali zisanu ndi ziwiri za7-7. Upangiri umakhala wakuda nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yotentha, mphaka wamtchire wamtundu wamtambo wokongola kwambiri.

Mowoneka, nyama yakuthengo ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi chiweto, chifukwa chake, kulowa mkati mwa chinthu cha munthu, zilombo, monga lamulo, sizikopa chidwi. Pa chithunzichi mutha kuwona momwe mphaka wamtchire amaonekera.

Amphaka Amtchire Amitundu

M'chilengedwe, amphaka a m'nkhalango amapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yambiri ya nyama zodyerazi zili ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti adawateteza. Mayina a mitundu yomwe ilipo ya nyamazi ankapatsidwa makamaka monga malo okhala. Chifukwa chake, pali amphaka amtchire a Caucasus, Far East, Amur, mabango ndi amphaka a Middle East. Kwambiri amasiyana maonekedwe. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya amphaka amtchire aku Europe zimawonetsedwa patebulopo.

Mphaka wa ku Caucasian

Habitat

Kodi nyama zodya zilombozi zimakhala kuti? Amakhala m'madzi osefukira madzi okhala ndi madzi osapezekapo mahekitala awiri, yokutidwa ndi nkhokwe zamiyala, mabango, mphanda kapena chimbudzi. Amakhala zisa zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo yamtengo. Komanso nyamazo zimakhala m'mapiri, ndikupanga dera lalikulu mahekitala 60.

Nthawi zambiri, nyama zodyerazi zimakhazikika m'maenje a mitengo yopondera. Pankhaniyi, amakonzekeretsa nyumba yawo siyambiri kwambiri. M'mapiri, amphaka amagwiritsa ntchito mbuna ndi nkhandwe zokhala ndi moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'miyala pakati pa miyala.

Pakachitika ngozi, nyama zomwe zimadya zilibe chidwi kukwera mumtengo, koma kubisala mdzenje. Pobisalira kwakanthawi, mphaka wa m'nkhalango amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi zopindika, malo obisika m'malo otsetsereka ndi maenje osaya.

Mphaka za m'nkhalango ndi malo okhala

Amphaka onse am'nyumba akuchokera kwa makolo amtchire omwe ankakhala m'nkhalango zaka masauzande zapitazo. Ndipo izi zidachitika munthawi ya chitukuko, pomwe mtundu wa anthu udayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika.

Pofuna kusungiramo zinthu zina m'nyengo yachisanu, anthu anayamba kupanga zimbudzi momwe mbewa, makoswe ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono adalowetsedwa kwambiri, kusamalira mwachangu m'malo omwe kunali chakudya chamtundu wokwanira.

Amphaka amtchire adazika mizu pamenepo, ndikumadya tinthu tating'ono. Ndipo zinali ndendende nthawi ngati izi kuti anthu anayamba kuwadyetsa, kenako kuwabzala, anthu, popeza izi zing'onozing'ono zazing'onozi zidakhala chida chabwino kwambiri cholimbana ndi makoswe ovulaza.

Woyambitsa amphaka - mphaka amakhalabe m'nkhalango zowuma za Europe, Africa ndi kumpoto kwa Asia. Nyamayi imakonda zigwa, koma imapezekanso m'malo a mapiri, omwe kutalika kwake sikokwanira kupitirira 2-3 km.

Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayo kumachokera theka la mita ndi kupitirira, kukula kuli pafupifupi 35 cm, ndipo amalemera kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 kg. Monga zikuwonekera chithunzi, mphaka akunja kwenikweni ofanana ndi mphaka wamba wamphaka wakuda, ali ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe mikwingwirima yakuda imadziwika.

Makutu ndi ozungulira, onyankhira kukula, mchira ndi waufupi, fluffy ndi wandiweyani. Mawu a zolengedwa zamtchire awa ali ngati mbewa wofewa, wowonda, amathanso kutsuka ndikulankhula, ndikulira ndi kulira.

Pazonse, pafupifupi magulu 23 amphaka amtchire okhala m'madera osiyanasiyana amafotokozedwa. Mwa awa, anthu aku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa enawo, kuphatikiza apo, utoto wa malaya owoneka bwino.

Habitat Katundu Wakutchire ku Europe mulinso nkhalango zowirira za Central ndi Western Europe, mpaka kumwera mpaka ku Spain. Munjira zambiri zofanana ndi European Mphaka wa ku Caucasian. Koma masanjidwewa amasiyana ndi achibale awo okulirapo. Ndipo kulemera kwa munthu aliyense payekha kumatha kufika 11 kg.

Imodzi mwa mitundu ya mphaka wa Bengal imaganiziridwa Mphaka Wamtchire wa Amur. Chovala chofewa, chofinya cha nyama chimakhala ndi mtundu wotuwa kapena mtundu wachikasu, wokhala ndi malo amdima akuda.

Kwa utoto wotere, nyama nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kuti amphaka wa kambuku. Zili ponseponse pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Amur ku Far East mpaka kugombe la Nyanja ya Japan. Nyama izi, zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri kukula kuposa amphaka amphaka, zimadziwika Amphaka Wam'mawa Wam'mawa.

Chithunzi chake ndi mphaka wa ku Caucasian

Ubweya wokongola wa nyama ndi womwe unkakhala chifukwa chachikulu chosaka nyama kuti zikopa zawo. Nyamazo zidaphedwa zochulukirapo, zomwe zidakhudza kukula kwa chiwerengero chawo.

Ichi chinali chifukwa chowalowetsamo Buku lofiira. Amphaka amtchire masiku ano, ngakhale atetezedwa ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, komabe, chiwopsezo cha kutha kwawo sichinathere, ndipo kusaka kwawo kukupitirirabe.

Khalidwe la nyama ndi zizolowezi

Mwachilengedwe, izi ndi nyama zoopsa komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe zimakonda kupewera anthu ndikudutsa malo okhala. Zilombazi zimagwira kwambiri usiku. Amasaka ndi m'bandakucha dzuwa lisanalowe kapena m'mawa kutacha, nyama zambiri zikadagona. Nyama yamphongo imagwira wolumayo ndi kulumpha kamodzi. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a miyendo, amphaka amtchire amatha kuthana ndi 3 mita pakadumpha.

Akadapanda kukwaniritsa wopeza nthawi imodzi, sangayesenso kutero. Kumva bwino kwambiri kumathandizira kuti nyama zizigwira nyama. Ponena masomphenya ndi kununkhira, izi zikukulirakulira. Chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri komanso kudumphira kwachilengedwe, amphaka amtchire amatha kuthawa msanga kuchoka, kuthawira kudzenje kapena kudumphira mumtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zotere zimapatsidwa mphamvu komanso zimathamanga mwachangu.

Chakudya champhaka

Amphaka amtchire ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe amadya. Ngakhale ili yaying'ono, nyamayo imakhala ndi ziwopsezo zodyera ena. Amphaka amtchire amadya zazing'ono zazing'ono: makoswe ang'ono (mbewa, hamsters), akalulu, hares, muskrats. Komanso nthawi zambiri amasaka zonyansa, masokosi, ndi maula. Zilonda zopanda mantha izi pofunafuna nyama sizimaletseka ngakhale pang'ono poti wozunzidwa angazibweze molimba mtima ndikuvulaza kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimadyanso nsomba zazinkhanira, nsomba, makoswe am'madzi ndi mbalame, makamaka waterfowl. Kuti achepetse wozunzidwayo, amphaka amtchire amadumphira kumbuyo kwake kuchokera kumitengo yopendekera padziwe. Nyama sizimvera chisoni mbalame zam'malo mwake. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyama zolusa zimasakaza zisa zawo pomadya mazira ndi anapiye. Pofuna kusaka agologolo, nyama zodyera zimatha kukwera mitengo yayitali kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, nthawi yanjala, nthumwi za banja la mphaka zimadyetsa ana a nyama zazikulu. Amadyanso ngwazi zazitali, chamois, ndi gwape. Odyerawa amakonda kusaka yekha, ngakhale panthawi yakusowa kwawo sangadye ndi abale awo. Pali nthawi zina pamene zilombo izi zimawombera ziweto. Kulowa m'malo osungira nkhuku ndi mbuzi, achifwambawa a miyendo inayi chifukwa chogwira nawo nkhondo yankhondoyi ndi agalu olondera ng'ombe.

Kuswana kwanyama

Amuna amatha kutha msinkhu ndi zaka zitatu, zazikazi ndi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba nthawi ya Januware mpaka March. Panthawi yachimanga, amphaka ndi amphaka amakaika gawo lawo. Nthawi yomweyo amapanga mawu achisoni kwambiri. Wamkazi wokonzekera kukwatiwa amakopa amuna mothandizidwa ndi fungo linalake.

Pankhondo iyi, amuna amphamvu komanso olimba amapambana. Mphaka wapakati amakonzekereratu malo obadwira ana. Amachita izi poboweka miyala, m'maenje ndi m'miyala ili m'miyala. Pansi pa chisa, mayi woyembekezera amayika nthenga ndi udzu.

Amphaka akangotembenuka mwezi umodzi, amayamba kutuluka mnyumbamo, kuyenda ndi kukwera mitengo. Amadyetsedwa mkaka wa m'mawere mpaka miyezi 3-4 ya zaka. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira mwezi umodzi ndi theka, zilombo zamtsogolo zimayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala nyama. Amayi akuyamba kuphunzitsa achichepere kudyetsa ana pambuyo miyezi iwiri. Akafika zaka 5, abambo achichepere amachoka kunyumba kwa amayi awo kukafuna gawo lawo. Akazi amakhalabe m'manja mwa mayi.

Kuyimira pawokha, chibadwa chofuna kudziletsa komanso kukonda nkhondo pokhudzana ndi anthu nthawi zambiri sizimatheka kuti zithetse mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugula ma kittens mpaka miyezi 2-4. Nyama ikangolowa munyumbamo, pamakhala mwayi waukulu kuti uisinthe. Komabe, ngakhale zitayenda bwino, chiweto choterocho chimakhala chosiyana ndi mphaka woweta.

Zambiri za momwe mungadyetsere bwino mabanja aubongo awa zalembedwera.

Monga chiweto china chilichonse, amphaka awa amafunikira kudzikongoletsa nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza pa ukhondo wodziwika, njira zamkati ndi katemera zimalimbikitsidwa munthawi yake. Zambiri za momwe mungasamalire bwino ziwetozi zimaperekedwa pagome.

Maonekedwe a Predator

M'mawonekedwe, amphaka amtchire ali ofanana ndi amphaka wamba amvi. Zowona, iye ndi wamkulu kuposa nthumwi zake zapakhomo. Magawo:

• Kutalika kwa mkazi kumafika 70 cm, ndipo amuna 90 cm,
• Kulemera kwa zazikazi kumasiyana 6 kg, ndipo yamphongo imakhala pafupifupi 7 kg.

Amphaka amtchire ali ndi zotere mawonekedwe:

• Thupi limakhala lokwera komanso lopambana.
• makutu alibe m'maso m'mbali, zopindika patali komanso pang'ono kuzungulira, ali ochulukirapo, ndipo pali tsitsi laling'ono m'mphepete
• miyendo siikukwera, ndipo thupi ndi lalitali,
• makucha obwezeretsedwa
• Pali nembanemba pamaso pathu, ndi yofunika kutiteteza kuti isawonongeke,
• Mphenga ndi lakuthwa ndi kapangidwe kuti wozunzidwayo athe kugwira ndikugwira,
• Molars ndiyofunikira kutafuna,
• ndevu zazitali
• lilime lili ndi papillae yaying'ono yokhota, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamalira ubweya.

Mano amphaka wa kuthengo

Zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsa amphaka amoyo ndi nsagwada zazifupi kwambiri, mano ochepa, kukula kwamphamvu kwa mano ndi mano akhungu, zoluka zoluka kwambiri, zobwezeretseka komanso kusuntha kwa kutsogolo.

Kugwira kwa mano okongola mu mphaka wamtchire kumabwera pansi kudzadula chakudya kuposa ena onse omwe amadyera, alibe zida zilizonse zomwe zingawonetse kutafuna kapena kuphwanya chakudya, ndi miyeso chabe ya lumo kapena mipeni.

Ma molars enanso salinso kutafuna kuthekera, motero dongosolo lonse la mano amphaka amoyo limasinthidwa mokwanira kuti ligwire nyama ndikudula nyama yake.

Mafangayi ndiwotalika kwambiri komanso olimba ndipo ali ndi chida kumbuyo kwawo ndi lakuthwa, ngati tsamba, ndikupangitsa kuti zisalowerere thupi la womenyedwayo. Zilimbikitso ndi mano okhala ndi pseudo, kumbali ina, sizichita gawo lalikulu.

Miyendo yamphaka

M'makaka onse, miyendo yakutsogolo imakhala ndi mikono isanu, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ndi mikono inayi, zikhadabo, zonsezo ndi zina, ndizolowedwa mwamphamvu, lakuthwa ndipo, kupatulapo cheetah, imatha kukokedwa kulowa mu nyini ndikuwateteza. Kuti zikhale zoyera komanso zowala, amphaka ambiri adayamba chizolowezi chomata mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.

Amphaka, poyenda, imangoyenda zala zawo, pomwe chidendene chimakhala cholimba ndikuwoneka kuti ndikupitiliza mwachindunji kwa mwendo wonse. Komabe, woyamba, i.e.chala chakumaso chakumaso chakumaso sichigwira pansi motero sichithandiza nyamayo poyenda. Pa phazi kumbuyo kwa chala ichi, monga tanena, palibe.

Chopondera chala chilichonse chimayimira pilo, koma mapilo omwewo ali pakatikati pa phazi komanso pakati pa zala zakumaso, kumapazi kwa phazi lakutsogolo, kuphatikiza, pilo yowonjezera. Akamayenda pazokwera zokhazokha, nyamazo zimangoyenda mwakachetechete, kuwonjezera apo, zimabweza zolakwika zawo.

Zotsatira zake, mayendedwe amphaka omwe amasiyidwa amphaka amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi a agalu omwe amakhala ndi chilembo.

Lilime lamphaka

Amphaka amasiyana ndi agalu malinga ndi lilime lawo. Yosalala kwambiri mu agalu, imakhala mu amphaka okhala ndi malo ambiri oterera, a papillae owongolera kumbuyo, omwe amasintha kukhala grater yothandiza kwambiri.

Kulankhula koteroko kumathandiza mphaka kunyambita, kuvula nyama m'mafupa, kapena mwina kuyeretsa ndi chovala chake cha ubweya, chomwe agalu amatanganidwa nacho kwambiri. Mphaka amadya chakudya chofewa basi ndipo samatha kudzutsa ndi kumeza mafupa.

Chakudya champhaka wamtchire

Kutsogolo, ma bulu ndi mbewa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ndipo mafoni am'madzi ndi nkhuku ndizakudya zochepa. M'mapiri, amasaka kukasaka magareta, ma pheasants, makapu, dormouse ndi agologolo. M'madera omwe madzi amasefukira, amasankha ma muskrats, makoswe, mbalame za ng'ombe ndi bakha osiyanasiyana ngati nyama. Nthawi yakuberekera mbalame ikayamba, amphaka amadzazunza zisa zambiri, kuzizunza, kugwira anapiye ndikudya mazira.

Amphaka am'nkhalango amasaka maula bwino kwambiri. Agwira nsomba ndi nsomba zazinkhanira m'madzi.

Yakatchi Yachilengedwe Yaku Europe siziwala kwambiri, koma imayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa nyama zambiri. Makoswe a Hamsters ndi a Pasyuki nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya chamadzulo, ngakhale kuti si galu aliyense amene angagwire nyama zoyipazi. Pamafamu oswana a nutria, amphaka amatha kupita kukaona nyama zazing'ono. Izi zimatha kugwirira nyama zamtunduwu komanso zoweta - chonde, zimapweteka, zimapweteka. Nthawi zina marton podzitchinjiriza amafunsa galu wopanda nzeru.

Kusaka kwamphaka wamtchire

Amphaka amasaka dzuwa lisanalowe, pafupifupi maola awiri dzuwa lisanathere. Pakati pausiku, amatha kudzipuma pang'ono, ndipo m'bandakucha, amapitanso kukafunafuna nyama. Amangobisalira, kudikirira osadumpha kuposa awiri kapena atatu ndi mtunda wamamita atatu.

Pakusowa kwa mphaka wamtchire, salondola nyama yake.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makoswe, akuwayembekeza mpaka atatuluka m'dzenje lawo. Ikasaka dambo, mphaka wamtchire amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi yayitali kwambiri pamwamba pamadzi, bakha akasambira, nyama yolusa imadumphira kumbuyo kwake kapena kugwira nyama yake ndi dzanja.

Iwo, monga martens, amatha kudumphira m'mwamba pamalo okwera kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita pamtundu wina, kotero ndizovuta kuti mapuloteni awabisire. Ngati nyama ili pang'onong'ono, wogwirawo amagwira ndi miyendo yake ndikupha ndikuluma m'chigawo chamatsenga cha mutu. Amenya nyama zazikulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina - amadumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikuluma khosi lake ndi mphamvu zake zonse. Makanga amphaka wa kuthengo ndi lakuthwa, chifukwa chake nkovuta kutaya.

Mphaka wamtchire - nyama yosakwaniritsidwa. Chikhalidwe kwa iye ndicho Mbewa 10 kapena mbewa patsiku, ndipo ngati ali mu ukapolo, akhoza kudya pafupifupi magalamu 900 a nyama. Amphaka amtchire amadya chimodzimodzi ndi amphaka am'nyumba, osaka nyama atangokhala miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, koma miyendo yakutsogolo siziikidwa pansi. Mphaka samasinthanitsa ndi chakudya, amaluma nyama mothandizidwa ndi mano ake ofananira nawo.

Kubala nyengo

Kubzala amphaka amtchire kumachitika mopitilira kawiri pachaka chonse. Mpikisano umayamba m'miyezi ya Januware ndi March. Munthawi imeneyi, nyama zimayang'anira madera awo ndikulira kwambiri. Amuna amayamba kusinthana m'magulu kuti akhale ndi mkazi, amayamba kulimbana kwambiri pakati pawo.

Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikazi amabereka ana amphaka anayi pa avareji, amaphimbidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo satha kuthandiza. Kukula kwa achinyamata a Feline ndikosiyana ndi mitundu ya anthu achikulire: kumbuyo kuli mikwingwirima yotayirira ndi mawanga amtundu wa bulauni, miyendo ndi mchira wake umakhala ndi mikwingwirima yozungulira.

Kulera ana amtchire kuthengo

Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana, ntchito imeneyi amapatsidwa wamkazi. Malingaliro achikazi aakazi amakula kwambiri, samasiyira amphaka kwa nthawi yayitali, amateteza kwathunthu kuukira kwa adani osiyanasiyana, monga ermine ndi ferret. Ngati ana ali pachiwopsezo, mphaka akufunafuna malo abata atsopano.

Amawadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi inayi, koma patsiku la 45, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudya nyama. Munthawi imeneyi, anyani amatuluka kunyumba kwawo kuti ndikasewere, kuthamanga ndikukakwera mitengo - izi ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu akamakula. Ngati awona zoopsa, amabisala mwakachetechete osasuntha. Patsiku la 60 kuchokera pa kubadwa, agalu amapanga maulendo akusaka ndi amayi awo, ndipo patatha masiku ena 90 amayamba kudzipatula ndikusaka pawokha.

Otsutsa Amphaka Wamtchire

Amphaka alinso ndi adani ndipo pali ambiri aiwo. Amasaka nyama nthawi ndi nthawi. Oopsa kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe. Koma zilombo zazikuluzikuluzi sizimatha kugwira mphaka, osatchula za oledzera. Kuthamangitsidwa ndi zilombo zodya zinyama, imakwera mitengo yayitali ndipo sichitha kuwafikira.

Choopsa kwambiri kwa anthuwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango. M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, chifukwa chakuchepetsa nkhalango, mphakayu sangathe kupezekanso. Mu Buku Lofiyira la Belarus, mphaka wamtchire amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yachilendo kwambiri. Ku Lithuania, imasungidwa, koma pali zovuta zazikulu pakukulitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Cha m'ma 80s, ku Moldova osapitilira 70 anthu.

Osati kale kwambiri, mphaka wa m'nkhalango adafalikira ku Ukraine, koma lero likupezeka ku Transcarpathia ndi Carpathians pamtunda wa 1300 m - chiwerengero chake sizidutsa anthu 400. Mwina idasungidwa pakamwa pa Danube.

Forest Cat ubweya

Kupatula mkango wamphongo, womwe umadziwika kuti umakhala ndi chingwe chachitali, ubweya wa mphaka wamtchi umakhala ndi tsitsi lomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana kapena lofanana pamitundu yonse ya thupi. Tsitsi limatha kukhala lalifupi kapena lalitali, kutengera nyengo yomwe mtundu wodziwika wa mphaka umakhala. Chifukwa chake, mu nyalugwe wakumpoto nthawi zonse imakhala yayitali kuposa momwe akumwera - iyo nyalugwe, ndipo nyalugwe, wopezeka m'maiko otentha ndi ozizira, umasinthidwa kutalika.

Mwa tsitsi la mphaka, masharubu makamaka ali ndi banja lino. Amakhala ndi mitsempha yapadera, chifukwa chomwe imayimira ziwalo zogwira bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapereka chithandizo champhamvu usiku.

Maso ndi mchira

Khalidwe lausiku la amphaka limawonekeranso ndi mawonekedwe a maso awo akuluakulu, mwana yemwe amatha kukulitsa kapena kutsika ndi mgwirizano kapena kukulitsa iris, kutengera kuunika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mchira wa amphaka ambiri ndi wautali, umatha kupanga mayendedwe onga njoka, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mwa kusangalala kapena kuthamangitsa amphaka awo akadyedwe.

Mtundu

Amphaka ena, monga mkango ndi puma, ndi ochulukirapo, koma mwina amphaka onse obadwa kumene, kupatula wamba, ndipo mitundu yambiri imavala chovala kapena chamamba wakula.

Mzere umatha kukhala wautali kapena wopingasa, ndipo mawonekedwe owoneka nthawi zina sasintha, ndiye kuti mawanga omwe ali mkati mwake amatengedwa ndi mizere yautali kapena yopingasa. Pakati pa mitundu ina ya amphaka, anthu akuda amapezeka kuti ndi osiyana, mwachitsanzo, mu Asia panther.

Potengera kukula, amphaka amasiyana kwambiri kuposa nyama zina zilizonse, pomwe ndi ochepa chabe omwe amabala mkango ndi akambuku, membala wocheperako wa banja la mphaka ndi wocheperako kuposa mphaka wathu wamba.

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya amphaka, amphaka amayimiriridwa, kupatula Australia, m'malo onse padziko lapansi. Komabe, amphaka sapita kumpoto kwenikweni monga zimbalangondo ndi agalu, ndipo sapezeka ku Iceland ndi ku Madagascar.

Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndi yotentha komanso yotentha. Kuphatikiza pa mphaka wathu, zomwe zimatithandizanso kudziwa zambiri zamtunduwu, amphaka onse amadya nyama yokha.
Kanema pa mphaka wa kuthengo:

Ambiri aiwo amangodya nyama zomwe zaphedwa kumene, ndipo okhawo omwe amakakamizidwa ndi njala amayamba kunyamula. Amamugwirira mwadzidzidzi, pomwe amamuyandikira mosamala kwambiri. Amphaka onse amasaka okha, kupatula mikango.

Kugawa

Amphaka ndi mtundu wa amphaka amayimiridwa m'maiko ambiri a Central Europe ndi mphaka wamtchire m'modzi (F. catus). Mtunduwu, mchirawo sufika kutalika kwakuthupi, kutalika kwake kofanana, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi paliponse, umatha mosadukiza ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 32.

Kutalika kwa mphaka wamtchire kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 70 ndi 90, ndipo kutalika kwa scruff kumakhala pakati 35 cm. Ubweya ndi wakuda wonyezimira, wamikwapulo wakuda, wamkati mwa ntchafu ndi m'mimba umayera, korona wamiyendo yakutali yakuda, kummero kumakhala malo oyera oyera, mchira m'mphete zakuda komanso kumapeto kwakuda. Katswiri wakuthengo ndi Pakati komanso Kumwera kwa Europe, komwe kumafalikira pafupi.

Mpaka pano, amphaka sapezeka kwenikweni ku nkhalango za Scotland, Northern ndi Western England, ku Ireland, France, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, komwe amapezeka ku Georgia.

Amakhala kwambiri m'nkhalango zazikuluzikulu zamapiri ndipo makamaka amakonda comif. Chifukwa chake, idakalipobe ku Harz ndi Alps, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala m'nkhalango zopanda anthu a Carpathians. Kuchokera m'nkhalango zamapiri izi, mphaka wamtchire amatsikira m'zigwa ngati amapeza malo ambiri osakhalapo m'nkhalangomo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa masiku angapo m'malo omwe amakhala.

Zinthu Zosaka

Mphaka wamtchire amukira munthu kwambiri mpaka kuvulala kapena kuvulala.

Mphaka wamtchire amadya nyama yamagazi ofunda: ana ambuzi zamtchire, ma chamois ang'ono, mahavu, akalulu, makoswe, mbewa ndi makoswe ena, komanso mbalame zosiyanasiyana.

Mphaka wamtchire amathamangitsa nyama yake osati kwambiri ndi fungo, koma mwa kupenya ndi kumva. M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena Epulo, mkaziyo amaponyera ana amphongo akhungu asanu ndi limodzi, ndikuyika mu dzenje, pamwala, kapena pakona kwina; ngati pakuchitika ngozi, amawakokera kumalo ena, odalirika.

Khalidwe la mphaka wamtchire ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wakunyumba, monga chonchi chotsiriza, limatsuka mosasunthika, limatsegula pakamwa pake mokwiya, likugwedeza kumbuyo kwake mu arc ndikuwonetsa momwe limasunthira ndi kuyenda kwa nsonga ya mchira.

M'malo ambiri, ngati sichoncho onse, madera omwe amagawikidwapo, mphaka wamtchire wasakanizika kwambiri ndi mphaka wakunyumba kotero kuti amakayikira ngati idakhalabe kwinakwake pakuyera kwayo koyambirira.

Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, mphaka wamtchire nthawi zambiri amachokera ku mphaka wakuthengo, koma kuyang'ana uku sikungakhale ndi maziko.

Mphaka Wamtchire wa ku Norway

Cat ya ku Norway yamtchire ndi mphaka wokongola wokhala ndi malaya okongola komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Mphaka wokongola uyu anachokera ku North Europe kale. Chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti kwawo ku Norsk Skogkatt, lomwe limatanthawuza "Cat Yachilumba cha Norway".
Ngakhale ndi mtundu wachilengedwe, sikuti ndi mphaka wamtchire. Poyang'ana koyamba, zinali zofala, ngati mphaka wa ku Norway, zisanayesedwe ndikuzindikiridwa ku Germany kumapeto kwa zaka makumi atatu.

Mphaka Wamtchire wa ku Norway

Maonekedwe a mphaka ndi omwe amatengera nyengo yozizira ku Scandinavia. Ubweya wophatikiza awiri umateteza kuzizira, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhalabe kotentha, monga momwe ziliri ndi Maine Coon. M'malo mwake, ambiri amaganiza kuti Cat ya ku Norway ndiyo kholo la Maine Coon, ngakhale yakale ili yaying'ono.

Amuna amafika polemera pafupifupi mapaundi makumi awiri nthawi zina, ndipo azimayi amawerengera hafu ya kukula kwake. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yamkaka komanso yosalala pamtunda.

Mbiri ndi yowongoka ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa kutsogolo. Nkhope yake imakhala yopingasa ndi maso okhala ndi mawonekedwe a amondi, makutu otumphuka komanso mawu wamba, okoma kwambiri.

Mtundu womwe ukukula pang'onopang'ono wa amphaka a ku Norway - zimatenga zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu kuti mphaka wamtchire ukhazikike bwino. Ndi amphaka ocheperako komanso odziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuyenda mumsewu komanso kupirira nyengo yozizira. Mchira wawo wabwino kwambiri komanso maonekedwe owoneka bwino samangokhala wokongola kwambiri, komanso chitetezo champhamvu pamatenthedwe otsika.

Khalidwe

Amphaka anzeru komanso osewera, amphaka a ku Norway omwe ali ndi machitidwe ambiri ofanana ndi Maine Coons. Ndiwabwino, koma osafuna kwambiri komanso aluso lokwanira kudzisamalira ndi kudzisamalira, osachita manyazi m'nyumba yayikulu. Nyama zamphamvu izi ndizokwera bwino ndipo zidapangidwa bwino kuti zizikhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito.
Ochita masewera achilengedwe, amphaka amtchire aku Norwe, amakonda kufufuza zowerengera, mabulosha ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri ya mitengo yamphaka. Zigawo zimagwira ntchito komanso kusewera ndikusunga mzimu wawo wachimwemwe akadzakula.
Koma musapusitsidwe ndi minofu yowoneka bwino ya obereketsa kunja komanso kunja kwanyengo. Ndiwokongola, ochezeka komanso okonda banja, ndipo amakonda anzawo. Ngakhale atakhala zaka zakutchire kunkhalango za ku Norway - kapena mwina chifukwa cha izi - amakonda kukonda cuddle kuposa kuthawa.
Chifukwa cha zaka zovuta izi zakupulumuka (mwina), palibe chomwe chimawavutitsa, ngakhale. Amatenga anthu atsopano ndi zochitika zatsopano panjira. Amphaka amtchire ndi amphaka amtundu wamphamvu komanso wodekha. M'malo mwake, amadzitsuka kwambiri, makamaka pamene akukhala pafupi ndi okondedwa awo. Zosakhazikika, samakonda kucheza ndi munthu m'modzi, koma amakonda anthu onse mopanda chidwi komanso mwachidwi.
Cat Yabwino Kwambiri, yodekha ya ku Norway ndi chisankho chabwino kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana. Amakonda chidwi chomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa ana omwe amamulemekeza. Ndipo sasamala kusewera kapena kukwera woyenda.
Amakhala wokondwa kukhala ndi amphaka ena ndi agalu ang'ono, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ochezeka. Fotokozerani ziweto pang'onopang'ono komanso moyang'aniridwa kuti aphunzire kuyanjana.

Zaumoyo & Chisamaliro

Mitundu yonse yolimba ndi yosakanikirana imakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo omwe angakhale amtundu. Amphaka am'nkhalango aku Norway nthawi zambiri amakhala athanzi, amakhala ndi moyo wautali wazaka 14 mpaka 16.
Matendawa adawonedwa mu mtundu:

• Matenda a kudzikundikira a Glycogen IV, nthenda yachilendo yamwadzidzidzi yomwe imakhudza kagayidwe ka glucose. Ana ambiri amphaka omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala obadwa kapena amwalira patangopita maola ochepa atabadwa, koma nthawi zina amphaka sawonetsa chizindikiro kufikira atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndipo nthawi zambiri amamwalira miyezi ingapo. Kuyesedwa kwa DNA kumapezeka komwe kumatha kudziwa amphaka omwe akukhudzidwa komanso onyamula.
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mtundu wamatenda amtundu wa mtima omwe amabadwa m'matumbo ena monga Maine Coon. Heredity sichinatsimikizidwe ku mphaka wa ku Norway.
• Matenda a impso a Polycystic, matenda amtundu omwe amawononga impso pang'onopang'ono. Palibe kusanthula kwa DNA kwa matendawa ku Norway amphaka amkati, koma matendawa amatha kupezeka ndi ultrasound ali ndi zaka 10 miyezi.
• Retinal dysplasia, chilema chamaso chomwe chimayambitsa mawanga pa retina, koma sichimalepheretsa kuwona kwa mphaka.

Mbiri ya Mphaka Wamtchire wa Norway

Cat ya ku Norway yoyambira idakhala m'nkhalango za ku Norway ndipo idadziwika ndi alimi wamba ngati nyama yayikulu, yolimba yokhala ndi luso lotha kusaka.

Abusa sanabadwe amphaka mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945), pomwe idatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka.

Mphaka wa ku Norway, wotchedwa scogkatt (nkhalango) ku Norway, ndi mtundu wachilengedwe.Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amtchire, si mbadwa kapena mtundu uliwonse wa amphaka amtchire.

Amphaka amtchire mwina abwera ku Norway kuchokera ku Europe, mbadwa za amphaka am'nyumba zimatengedwa ndi Aroma kupita ku North Europe. Zinayamba kuchokera kusinthidwe, kusintha kwa mtundu wa mtundu womwe unachitika mwachilengedwe, osati kudzera mu kusankhidwa ndi obereketsa amphaka.

Nthano ya Norse imatchulanso amphaka akuluakulu aku Norway ndikudziwa kwawo milungu. Munthano ina, amphaka awiriwa adatulutsa galeta la Freya, mulungu wamkazi wa kubereka.

Amaganiziridwa kuti mphaka wamtchire waku Norway udakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, popeza ku nthano za ku Norway kuli maumboni angapo amphaka zazitali zazitali. Ziwerengero za nthawi yolemba nkhani zamphaka izi zimasiyana kwambiri. Nthano zambiri za Norse zidasinthidwa ndi miyambo ya pakamwa ndipo, pamapeto pake, zidalembedwa m'mavesi omwe amatchedwa Edda, omwe adalembedwa penapake pakati pa 800 ndi 1200 A.D. Zikhulupiriro izi zimati amphaka am'makomo akhala ku Norway kwazaka mazana ambiri, ndipo mwina kwazaka zambiri. Kaya amphaka akuwonetsedwa mu nthanozo ndi amphaka amtchire angakambirane.

Amphaka akafika kumaiko akumpoto, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ogulitsa, ogulitsa, kapena osokoneza, makolo akale a amasiyewo anali aafupi chifukwa amphaka omwe amayendetsedwa ndi Aroma amachokera ku Egypt (nthawi zambiri) ndipo anali ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Amphaka anapulumuka ndikusinthidwa munthawi yotentha. Kumpoto kwa Norway, komwe dzuwa silituluka kuyambira pa Meyi 12 mpaka Ogasiti 1, komanso komwe nthawi yozizira imakhala yayitali komanso yamdima, motero, idakhala mayeso owopsa amphaka izi. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, akungoyenda m'nkhalango za ku Norway, apanga zovala zazitali, zazitali, zopanda madzi, zolimba, zamphamvu komanso zanzeru zopulumuka.

Kuyesera koyamba kuzindikira mphaka wamtchire monga mtundu wapadera kudayamba mu 1930s. Kalabu yoyamba ya amphaka ku Norway idakhazikitsidwa mu 1934, ndipo mu 1938 mphaka woyamba wam'madzi adawonetsedwa ku Oslo, Norway.

Komabe, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idakayikira mitundu yonse ya kubereka amphaka ndi kuwonetsera, ndipo nkhondoyo itatha. Kudutsa pamtondo ndi mphaka wamfupi wakunyumba yaku Norway (wotchedwa Hauskatt) kudali pangozi ya kukhalapo kwa mphaka wamtchire monga mtundu wangwiro. Sipanatenge zaka za m'ma 1970 pomwe okonda amphaka ku Norway adayamba pulogalamu yoweta kwambiri kuti asunge mphaka wa ku Norway.

Mphaka wamtchire adayambitsidwa ku United States mu 1979. M'chaka chomwecho, gulu laling'ono la amateurs aku America adakhazikitsa Norwegian Association of Forest Cat Lovers ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti mphaka wamtchire amadziwika ndi boma la North America.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Amphaka a ku Scandinavia ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, chifukwa ubweya wawo wapawiri umangofunika chisamaliro kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata. Chobweretsera chokha ndicho chizolowezi chopaka kawiri pachaka (yophukira ndi kasupe), pamene ubweya wawo umafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, mwachitsanzo, mipando ndi makapeti.

Sizovuta kuweta nyama izi, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti ubweya wawo umafuna thanzi: labwino, loyenera komanso lolemera.

Pa avareji, madola 600-800 aku US.

Zithunzi za amphaka aku Norway

Mitundu ya amphaka a Scandinavia imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyana komanso yosavuta. Mphaka imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi iwiri kapena itatu, imatha kukhala ndi mikwingwirima pa ubweya, ndipo mitundu yawo siyigwiritsiridwa ntchito: ofiira, oyera, imvi, akuda, abuluu, ofiira.

Mphaka wakuda ndi woyera

Mphaka wamphaka wa kuthengo

Mphaka wakuda ndi woyera

Zithunzi za mitundu inayake tawonetsedwa pansipa:

Mphaka wakuda

Mphaka wakuda ndi wokongola, wamaso achikasu, iyi ndi maloto a obereketsa ambiri.

Mphaka wamtundu wamtundu wamtchire

Mphaka wamtchire wachikuda pamtengo

Mtundu wa imvi wophatikizika ndi maso owala bwino umapangitsa galu kukhala wamisala, wanzeru komanso womvetsetsa.

Mphaka wofiyira

Mphaka wofiyira wa ku Norwe ndiwokongola, amawoneka ngati "purr" wokonda dzuwa ndipo amasangalala ndi kukhalapo kwake.

Mphaka yoyera

Mphaka wokongola woyera amabweretsa china chowala komanso chodalirika ku moyo, amphaka oterowo amakondedwa ndi anthu omwe saopa zovuta.

Mbiri yamtundu

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti Mphaka Wamtchire adawonekera munthawi ya Pleistocene, yomwe idayamba zoposa 2,5 biliyoni ndikutha zaka miliyoni miliyoni ndi 7.7 zapitazo. Popeza kuti anthu ali ndi zaka 2.8 biliyoni zokha, amphaka amtchire ndi okulirapo 9 kuposa anthu.

Mapeto a nthawi ya Pleistocene amadziwika ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Dziko lathuli litangopulumuka kumene madzi oundana, madzi oundana anali kuchepa kwambiri, nyengo idasinthanso mafunde - nyengo yakuwunda kwambiri ikusinthidwa ndi nthawi yozizira kwambiri. Njira izi zinapangitsa kusintha kwa zomera ndi ziphuphu. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti chipembere chaubweya, mammoni, mbawala zazikulupo, mkango wamphanga ndi mitundu ina yambiri yomwe idazolowera nyengo yankhanza.

Chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo kwaposachedwa, nyama zambiri zanyengo zam'madzi komanso za pambuyo pake sizinasinthe ndipo zinatha. Mphaka, yemwe adapita munkhalango ndi m'mapiri oterera, adatha kupulumuka.

Chifukwa chake, titha kungolankhula za pafupifupi, tsiku laposachedwa kwambiri la European Forest Cat monga nyama - zaka 11.7 miliyoni zapitazo. Ngakhale, mwina, nyamayi ndi yokalamba ndipo popanda kusintha kwapadera idalipobe mpaka masiku athu kuchokera ku madzi oundana.

Katunduyu anapulumutsidwa patapita zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo, pamene anthu anayamba kukhala mokhazikika, kumanga nyumba, kulima minda ndi kupanga chakudya.

Mr. Cat akutsimikizira: kutchulidwa

Mphaka wa ku Central Europe, Felis silvestris silvestris kapena European Wildcat, ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri. Dzina lachi Latin la Forest Cats litha kutanthauziridwa kuti "mphaka wamtchire wokhala m'nkhalango." Amakhala m'dera pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi, ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa (amasiyanitsa mitundu ya steppe). Kuti mumvetsetse gawoli mwatsatanetsatane ndikumvetsetsa, werengani nkhani yokhudza Makwerero a Steppe. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za amphaka amtchire okha omwe achulukira ku Europe.

Ichi ndi nyama yaying'ono, yomwe ndi yayikulupo poyerekeza ndi mphaka wamba, ngakhale ndiyofanana kwambiri ndi iyo:

• Thupi limakhala lalitali, lalitali, lamatumbo.
• Amphongo amachokera kutalika kwa masentimita 45 mpaka 93, kulemera kwa 6,5 ​​makilogalamu, zazikazi kuyambira 39 mpaka 78 cm ndi 4-7 kg.
• Miyendo yake ndi yayitali kutalika ndi zibwano zakuthwa zomwe zimatha kubisala m'manja. Amakhala oyenerera kukwera mitengo ndi miyala, kusaka ndi kuteteza motsutsana ndi adani.
• Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali komanso yolimba kuposa kutsogolo. Amathandizira nyamayo kuchita kudumpha kwakukulu.
• Mchirawo ndi wa kutalika kokwanira (kuyambira 18 mpaka 41 cm), nthawi zambiri ochulukirapo kuposa kukula kwa thupi. Yambiri m'munsi ndikuchepera pang'ono, koma nsonga yake siyinalozedwe, koma yozungulira.
• Mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi masacheya otambalala. Nsagwada ndi yaifupi komanso yopepuka. Amphaka amphaka a ku Europe amphaka ali ndi chigaza chokulirapo kuposa amphaka am'nyumba, zomwe zimadziwika kuti Schauenberg index.
• Makutu a sing'anga kukula (masentimita 5-7), otambasulidwa kwambiri, popanda maburashi pamatani, koma m'mphepete lamkati.
• Ma Vibrissas ndi opindika, oyera, oyera. Pafupifupi pakamwa pawo pali 8-18 mbali iliyonse kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 cm, pamaso ake ndi ochepa - 7-8 ndipo ndi ofupikirako (5-6 cm). Koma alinso mkati mwa burashi, ili ndi gulu la tsitsi la 3-6 4-5 cm.
• Maso ndi akulu ndipo ali ndi mbali zambiri, ndipo ali ndi mwana womata. Iris imapakidwa utoto wachikasu, wobiriwira kapena emarodi.
• Lobe ndi lathyathyathya, lalikulu, komanso mtundu wa njerwa.
• Chovalachi ndi cha kutalika pafupifupi muyeso mthupi lonse, ndichopambana kwambiri pamchira, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chiwoneke ngati chachikulu komanso chosalala.
• Mkati wamkati ndiwowonda komanso wopindika. Chifukwa cha ichi, nyamayi imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulupo.
• Chitani utoto wonyezimira. Pali mizere yopendekera pamutu, kumbuyo, m'mbali, mchira. Mizere inayi yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri imakhala pa gawo la occipital la chigaza.
• Mphete zakuda zimazungulira mchira, kuyambira zitatu mpaka khumi.
• Ubweya wa chilimwe pambuyo poti kuyerekeza kumakhala kosavuta, kopanda zodetsa ndi zodetsa zakuda, nthawi zina phulusa.
• Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri za nsonga zamanja: ziwiri pachifuwa ndi ziwiri pamimba.
• Mpando wa chromosome umaphatikizapo ma diploids 38.

Amphaka amtchire aku Europe amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana, komwe kulibe anthu. Palinso anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi madambo, kumapiri. Pewani mapiri ataliatali, malo okhala chipale chofewa kwambiri.

Mphaka wamtchire ya ku Central Europe ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa achibale ake amtchire. Palinso amuna amuna olemera 14-16 kg. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a nyamazi ndi marsh lynxes, Pallas.

Mtundu Wamtchire Wamtchire

Mphaka wamtchire imakhala ndi magulu 23, omwe makamaka:

• Central European Felis silvestris silvestris,

• Caucasan Felis silvestris Caucasica,

• Turkestan Felis silvestris caudata,

• Omani Felis silvestris gordoni,

• Steppe Felis silvestris lybica,

• Mabungwe aku Africa a Felis silvestris cafra,

• China Felis silvestris chutuchta,

• Katundu wakunyumba wa Felis silvestris.

Chakudya cha mphaka wa m'nkhalango

Mphaka wamtchire ndi nkhwangwa wamba. Koma ngakhale ilili yaying'ono, ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi msaki wopambana komanso wowopsa. Ndipo nyama yake ikhoza kukhala nyama zazing'ono, zomwe amayang'anitsitsa pakhomo lanyimbo zawo.

Itha kukhala makoswe ang'onoang'ono: mbewa, hamsters ndi ma voles, komanso akalulu, hares ndi muskrats. Amphaka amtchire amadana ndi oimira banja la a martyn: zodandaula, zoluka, zipsera, ngakhale zimakonda kupatsa adaniwo chipongwe ndipo mwina zimawawopseza kwambiri.

Amphaka amtchire amasaka bwino makoswe ndi mbalame, makamaka mbalamel, akukulira mitengo itapachikira pamadzi kudumphira kumbuyo kwawo, kugwira nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba kumadzi.

Amathamangitsanso mbalame kuti zizitha kugwira nkhuku ndi zina mwa izo zomwe zimapanga zisa pansi, kuziwononga popanda chisoni, ndikusangalala ndi mazira ndi anapiye osathandiza. Kuthamangitsa agologolo, amphaka amtchire amakwera mitengo yayitali kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, ngakhale kawirikawiri, ozunzidwa ndi mphaka amatha kukhala ana a nyama zazikulu ndi nyama zovulala monga khwangwala, chamois ndi nguluwe. Amphaka amtchire amakonda kudya nyama zokha.

Ndipo makamaka munthawi zovuta, pakakhala kusowa kwadzakudya, sangafune kugawana zomwe apangana ndi abale awo. Amphaka amtchire akuti amapha nkhuku ndi mbuzi. Zimalowa m'mafamu, amphaka amtchire amanyamula nyama zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, akuba olusa amalowa nawo nkhondo yolanda ngakhale agalu.

Kubadwanso komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mphaka wa kuthengo

Othandizira pawokha, amphaka amtchire, amayang'ana magulu a abale awo kamodzi kokha pachaka panthawi yachikondwerero, pomwe amalembera gawo ndikufuula mofuula kwambiri.

Akazi nthawi zambiri amatha kubereka atakwanitsa miyezi 9 mpaka 10. Amuna amakula pambuyo pake, ndipo amakhala okonzekera kubereka mchaka chachitatu cha moyo.

Amphaka panthawi yachikhalidwe pofunafuna abwenzi amachoka m'malo omwe akukhalamo, amapita kutali ndi iwo, kusonkhana m'magulu, kuthamangitsa akazi. Nthawi zambiri pakati pawo pamakhala nkhondo yolimbana ndi wosankhidwa.

Kwa ana okulira, omwe nthawi zambiri amabadwa kuyambira 3 mpaka 6, amphaka amapeza ndi kukonzekera mabowo otakasuka, atawakola ndi udzu wowuma ndi nthenga za mbalame. Amayi okha omwe akuchita ntchito yodyetsa ndi kulera ana.

Ng'ombe zimadya mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, pambuyo pake zimayamba kusinthana ndi zakudya zina, kuyesera kusaka nyama yaying'ono.

Ndipo miyezi iwiri kapena itatu amalowa moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amphaka amtchire nthawi zambiri amamatira ku amphaka amtchire. Oimira awa a banja la mphaka amatha kukwatiwa mosavuta ndikukhala ndi ana.

Amphaka amtchire amakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 10, nthawi zambiri amafa ali aang'ono. Koma anthu ena amakhalabe ndi moyo okalamba kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika mwa nyama izi zikafika zaka 12 mpaka 15.

European Forest Cat Habitat

Anthu ambiri okhala ku nkhalango ku Europe amakhala kumadzulo komanso pakati pa kontinentiyo - ku Western Ukraine, Moldova, Slovakia, Carpathians ndi Transcarpathia. Pa Peninsula ya Iberia palinso ma subspecies - amphona wamkulu wa Iberia.

Mphaka waku Europe amapezekanso ku Caucasus, komwe kumayandikana ndi Felis silvestris Caucasica. Gawo lalikulu la iwo akhala ku Scotland kwa nthawi yayitali, koma tsopano likuwopsezedwa kuti lidzatha chifukwa chakufalikira kwa amphaka am'nyumba.

Anthu a ku Ukraine amakhala makamaka ku Hornbaam-oak, beech ndi nkhalango zina zosakanikirana. Moldavian idasankhanso nkhalango za beech kuti zizikhalamo, koma imapezekanso m'madzi osefukira. Awa ndi ma ntchentche okhathamira a thaw ndi bango okhala ndi ndowa zosowa kwambiri komanso mabowo.

Gawo la ku Europe la Russia, Germany, kumwera kwa Spain, Italiya ndi ena mwa malo omwe European Forest Cat imakhala.

Nyama izi zimatha kukhala pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wa 3,000 miliyoni kumtunda kwa nyanja. Chovala chawo chaching'ono cha ubweya chokhala ndi undercoat yofunda chimapirira kusiyana kwakukulu kutentha, kutentha, chinyezi chachikulu ndi chisanu.

Pakati pa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17 ndi pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, malo okhala amphaka adagawika chifukwa chakusaka kwakukulu komanso kuwononga madera. Mwina nyamayi inazimiririka ku Czech Republic ndipo imangotayikiridwa ku Austria, ngakhale anthu osochera ochokera ku Italy amasamukira kumeneko. Mitunduyi sinakhaleko konse ku Scandinavia, ndipo Sisily ndiye chilumba chokha chokhala ndi nyama zomwe zimakhalamo.

Makhalidwe

Amphaka amtchire ku Europe amakhala osamala kwambiri, amatha kutchedwa amanyazi. Chifukwa chake, kawirikawiri zimawonetsera zankhanza kwa alendo. Amphaka awa makamaka amapewa malo okhala anthu, yesetsani kuti musakodze anthu ngakhale pang'ono. Mwambiri, amakonda kusalimbana ndi wachibale aliyense, osati ndi ena omwe amadyera anzawo.

Amakhala okha. Wamphongo wamkulu amatha kuyang'anira malo a nkhalango mpaka makilomita atatu lalikulu. Polemba malire, mphaka imasiyira zilembo pamitengo yamitengo kuchokera ku chikhodzodzo chazanyama ndi zikhadabo. Chifukwa chake, alendo samasamukira kuderalo.

Katundu wa ku European Forest ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe - lynx (Lynx), mphaka wamkulu wa steppe, bango (Felis chaus), nkhandwe (Vulpes Vulpes), nkhandwe ya imvi (Canis lupus), nkhandwe (Canis aureus), marten (Martes martes), chimbalangondo (Ursus arctos). Ku Tajikistan, nkhandwe ndi yomwe imapikisana kwambiri ndi Mphaka Wamtchire, pamakhala kuwononga kokhazikika kwa mabowo amphaka. Mbalame zodya nyama, kuphatikiza Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) ndi Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), nthawi zambiri zimasaka agalu amphaka kwambiri. Katswiri wazachilengedwe a Seton Gordon adalemba za milandu pomwe nkhalango yamtchire idamenya nkhondo ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide (Aquila chrysaetos), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti onse awiri aphedwe.

Nyamayi imakhala nthawi yayitali mgola, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa mumng'alu wakale pamtengo waukulu. Mitengo yopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi utuchi wokwanira, ndiye kuti mphaka siyichita zinyalala zowonjezera. Ngati utoto ukawoneka m'khola, mphaka wa Steppe amasamukira kwina. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimalepheretsa mphaka kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, imakhalabe m'malo mwake mpaka nyengo yabwino yosuntha.

Anthu omwe amakhala m'mapiri amapanga zoyenda m'miyala yamiyala kapena m'miyala yosiyidwa ndi miyala (Meles meles) ndi nkhandwe (Vulpes Vulpes). Zimayimira kukhazikika pansi pamatanthwe, m'mphepete mwa nthambi, chifukwa Amphaka Wamtchiyi si phanga lokha, komanso pothawirako kwakanthawi panthawi yangozi.

Zingwe zopaka kapena zopangira miyala zimakhazikitsidwa ngati pobisalira mzere wokhala ndi zitsamba zowuma ndi nthenga za mbalame.

M'madambo osefukira, nyama zimasankha mafoloko akuluakulu amitengo ndi zisa za mbalame zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, heron, m'malo othawirako komanso malo opumira.

Kwa nyama yolusa, imanyamuka usiku, kutatsala maola ochepa kuti mbandakucha. Koma nthawi yozizira, amasaka kwambiri m'mawa komanso madzulo.

Amphaka am'tchire ku Europe okhala m'mapfupipafupi amatha mpaka mahekitala awiri kapena awiri, koma amuna amatha kusiya malire a malo awo nthawi yakusaka kuti akafufuze zazikazi.

Mphaka wamtchire ku Europe amatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri akathamangitsa womenyedwayo kapena akuthamangitsa, akukwera mwangwiro mitengo ndi miyala yochepa.

Chilombocho chimamva bwino kwambiri komanso kumva. Wokhala chete, koma wokhoza kupanga mawu ocheperako ndi osasangalatsa, amatha kutsuka, kuwombera, kuwungudza, kulira.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa adani m'nkhalangomo, pomwe, nyama yolusa imatha kubisala yomweyo mumitengo ndi miyala ikuluikulu, mawonekedwe akunja a chilombochi amayanjana ndi cholengedwa chodera nkhawa komanso champhamvu. Komabe, ndi imodzi mwa nyama zokongola kwambiri komanso zabwino padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimatikumbutsa za mphaka wakunja.

Chakudya

Amphaka am'tchire ku Europe ndi nyama wamba yomwe amadyera mosiyanasiyana:

• zokopa
• akalulu
• mbalame zamtunda
• ofera
• agologolo
• makoswe amadzi
• muskrats
• malemu
• mapanga
• mikwingwirima
• mbawala zazing'ono, chamois ndi agwape,
• mbuzi zakutchire,
• makoswe pasyuki
• hamsters
• abuluzi
• njoka
• makoko ang'onoang'ono (mbewa, ma voles, dormouse).

Madera, ma muffin, agogo, abakha ndi ma pheasant amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kuwonongeka kwa European Forest Cat. Ziwopsezo sizimangowagwera, komanso zimazula zisa zawo. M'mbuyomu, nyamazi zinkasaka nyama ndi ziwombankhanga.

Posaka abakha, nyama zimatha kusambira, koma zimachita kawirikawiri, sizikonda madzi. Ngakhale nthawi zina amakana kudya achule, nsomba zazinkhanira ndi mikanda, izi ndi zabwino kwa iwo. Nthawi zina amphaka a ku Europe, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa kwambiri, amapita kumalo okhala anthu kukasaka nyama, abakha, atsekwe, nkhuku.

Ngakhale zilombozo zimatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri, sizigwiritsa ntchito monga womenya pakasaka, koma amakonda kukhala wodikirira kuti awone, agwiritse mosamala podina kapena chisa. Kenako kumadumpha mwachangu ndi kufa kwa womenyedwayo. Zikatero, mphaka amapha anthu ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito kukukuta fupa la occipital, ndipo zokulirapo limalumphira kumbuyo kwake ndikuyesera kuti ikang'ambe khosi lake. Akapanda kuukira, mphaka sathamangitsa nyama, koma ayang'ana mnzake.

Masomphenya a Forest Cat adapangidwa mwanjira yoti azitha kungoyang'ana gawo laling'ono, gawo lotsalalo limakhala losamveka kwa ilo, ndipo silingathe kutsatira nyama yomwe ikuyenda. Koma amatha kumangolumphira kukula kwake kukula kwake - mikono iwiri kapena itatu kutalika ndi kutalika.

Nyama izi ndizabwino kwambiri, mwana wamphaka wa miyezi itatu ndi inayi amatha kudya mpaka mbewa khumi patsiku, ndipo wamkulu mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka mpaka kilogalamu yatsopano yodyedwa. Ngakhale mphaka wa ku Europe ndi nyama yaying'ono, ndi msaki wolimba mtima komanso wopanda mantha. Chifukwa chake, sikuti agalu aliwonse osaka amene amayesa kuukira khwekhwe kapena hamster, ndipo molimba mtima amadziponyera ndodo zoyipa izi.

Kusaka martens, ermines, weasels kapena ferrets ndi owopsa, ndipo mphaka sikuti nthawi zonse imatuluka munkhondoyi ngati wopambana. Achinyamata ambiri amafa pa nkhondo zoterezi.

Kusaka koyamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika maola angapo dzuwa lisanade, ndipo lachiwirili lili pafupi kucha. Pakakhala masiku otentha kwambiri, chilombo chimatha kuchoka patsiku.

Nthawi zambiri amadya nyama, ndipo amakhala pansi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikugwira nyamayo ndi kutsogolo. Samataya nyama, koma kumata nsagwada.

Mumphaka zaku Europe, kumva kumakonzedwa bwino kwambiri kotero kuti amatenga mawu okwanira mpaka 25,000 pamphindikati, ndiko kuti, amatha kumva kayendedwe ka mbvi.

Kutha msinkhu ndi kubereka

The European Forest Cat ndi munthu wotchulidwa kuti ndi wolemetsa komanso wobisalira, koma pakugonana, chilombo chimasinthika. Amakhala wokangalika kwambiri ndikuchita zolimbitsa banja.

Kuberekera nthawi zambiri kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Nyengo yoyamba kukhwima ikutha pa Januware-Marichi.

Amuna ndi amuna omwe amalankhula mokweza mawu mosaphonya. Amuna amathamangitsa zachikazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amamenyerana ufulu wokhala ndi mnzake wamkazi.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amayamba kukonza phanga - amasankha dzenje kapena dzenje ndikuwaloza ndi zitsamba zowuma, masamba, nthenga za mbalame zadyedwa.

Mu Epulo-Meyi, kubadwa kwa zinyalala zoyambirira kumachitika, pomwe nthawi zambiri ana atatu mpaka 6 amabadwa.

Achichepere ocheperako (150-200 gr), yokutidwa ndi mdima pansi, akhungu komanso osathandiza konse. Mtundu wawo ndi wowoneka bwino kuposa wa achikulire komanso wogwirizana ndi mtundu wakale.

Amphaka akadzabereka, amphongo amasiya mkaziyo osatenga nawo mbali polera ndi kulera ana.

Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, kuwateteza ku weasel ndi ermine, ndipo, ngati pakufunika, amawasamutsira kumalo atsopano.

Kuyambira mwezi ndi theka, ana amphaka amayamba kukwawa kutuluka mdzenje, kusewera mwachangu ndikuyesera chakudya cholimba. Amaphunzira kukwera mitengo, komwe imabisala pangozi.

Kuyambira miyezi iwiri ya moyo, ana agalu a ku Europe amayamba kuphunzira kusaka, ndipo zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi amatha kudzidalira. Ngakhale zazikazi zimatha kutha msinkhu ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi, ndipo amuna okha ndi zaka zitatu.

Achinyamata akasiya amayi awo, kugonana komweko kumayamba. Amphaka panthawiyi amayesa kuyandikira mphaka waulere ndikupitiliza kumenya nkhondo yosatha pakati pawo.

Wamphongo wamphamvu kwambiri pamapeto amatsogolera ndikukhala kholo latsopano, lokhalitsa.

Nthawi zina zazikazi zimakhala ndi amphaka osochera, nthawi zambiri zimakonda kuthamangitsidwa kunyumba, kenako mitunduyo imazimiririka, chifukwa mitunduyi imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndipo imatha kuphatikizana. Nkhani yakuwonongeka chifukwa chakukhazikika ndi amphaka akunyumba ndi yovuta, popeza ndiwofowoka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anzawo.

Nthawi zina amphaka am'makomo amasamukira kuthengo nthawi zambiri amakhala paubwenzi ndi amphaka amtchire aku Europe. Ana amabisala m'nkhalangoyi ndikusakanikirana ndi anthu ambiri, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Ngakhale malingaliro a asayansi okhudzana ndi kupendekeka kwa kusintha kwa maumboni amasiyana kwambiri.

Ndizosatheka kudziwa kuti zimachokera ku amphaka amtchire komwe amphaka amtchire ochokera ku Norwood ndi Siberian adachokera.

Ngakhale mphaka zam'madzi za ku Europe zitha kukhala m'manja mwa munthu adakali aang'ono, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizunza, ndizosatheka.

M'malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama, nyama yamtunduwu imakhala ndi kuswana mwakufuna kwawo, koma ndibwino kuti isakhale m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba yabwinobwino. Posachedwa, burows wamtchire adzaonekera ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri zimavutika - nyama ndi anthu.

Komanso, European Forest Cat imakhala yovuta kwambiri kukhala pafupi ndi munthu chifukwa cha kusamala kwambiri komanso kukhala wamantha. Ngati chiweto choterocho chili mnyumba, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zovuta zake:

• Apatseni malo okwanira ogwirira ntchito ndi kukwera, komanso ndibwino - owerenga ochepa.
• Osalumikiza mphaka wamtchire ndi ziweto zina.
• Konzani kusenda kwanthaŵi yake, chithandizo pathupi lakunja ndi katemera wokhazikika.
• Yang'anirani bwino thanzi la chiweto chachilendo, ngati mukudwala, pezani kuchipatala chanthawi yayitali.
• Sankhani chakudya choyenera komanso chokwanira, momwe zakudya za mapuloteni ziyenera kukhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri - nyama yamafuta ochepa (nkhuku, nyama yamwana wamchere, kalulu), zinthu zamkaka, nsomba zatsopano, nsomba zapa (chiwindi, mtima, mapapu), mazira a nkhuku.
• Musaiwale za kufunika kophatikiza mavitamini amamineral mineral muzakudya.

Mphaka wa ku Europe wamtchire ndi nyama yathanzi kwambiri, koma mosasamala ndi kupatsa thanzi amatha kufa mwachangu. Inde, moyo wanyumba kapena waviyo ndimavuto akulu kwa owopsa.

Pokhala wopanda mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini, michere yaying'ono komanso zazikulu za ziweto zanu, chiweto chanu chimatha kuyamba matenda akulu, monga polycystic impso, glycogenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, komanso dysplasia retinal.

Pokhala pakagwa bwino, mphaka wa ku Europe amatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira 30, pomwe chilengedwe sichikhala ndi zaka 15.

Kupeza kwa mphaka

Ngati mwasankha kale kugula chiweto ichi, chomwe sichabwino kwambiri kukonza nyumba, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula kokha kuchokera kwa obereketsa akatswiri. Mtengo wa ma kittens umayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 40,000.

Ndikwabwino kusankha mwana wazaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi, ndiye kuti mwina padzakhale mwayi wina wowonongera. Ngakhale sikuli koyenera kudikira kuti chiweto chachigwere chizikumana ndi chilombo cholusa. Ngakhale mwana wosabadwa bwino kwambiri amakhalabe wokonda ufulu.

Masiku ano, m'malo okhala nyama, kachulukidwe komwe amakhala amakhala sikokwanira kupitirira anthu makumi awiri pa hekitala (100 pa 100 m), ndipo nthawi zina awiri kapena atatu pa kilomita (1000 pa 1000 m). Kutsika kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa makoswe ndi mbalame, kumakhudzanso.

Ngakhale mtengo wamphaka wamtchire sunakhalepo wabwino kwambiri, mkati mwa zaka zapitazi, mpaka mitu yawo isanu ndi itatu idachotsedweratu kuti apeze zikopa. Masiku ano, olusa ambiri amagwera mumsampha woikidwa pa martens ndi ma badger.

Lero Central European Forest Cat yalembedwa patsamba lachiwiri la CITES (Convention on International Trade). M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, mitunduyi idasowa kwathunthu, mwachitsanzo, ku Belarus. Chifukwa chake, ku Dagestan makope zana okha a nyama osowa amawerengedwa.

Mphaka ndani

Mphaka wamtchire, yemwe amatchedwanso European, ndi wa amphaka amphaka ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yakutchire. Malinga ndi ofufuza, adachokera ku amphaka a m'nkhalango zaka pafupifupi 10,000 zapitazo. Zinachitika ku Middle East. Kusunga kwa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa pano kunakopa makoswe. Ndipo amphaka amtchire adaganiza zokasaka "zakudya zabwino" zotere. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa nyama yankhalango ndi mphaka wam'madzi amchenga.

Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa mphaka ndi mphaka

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika kwambiri. Pa gawo la Russian Federation, nyama zimasungidwa m'malo osungirako, popeza ndizosowa. Choopsa chachikulu kwa anthu ndikuchepetsa kwa nkhalango. Chiwerengero cha mitunduchi chimagwirizananso ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zazikulu - makoswe. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa anthu ndi 20-30 anthu pa 1 sq. Km. m. Amphaka amalembedwa mu CITES Convention (Zowonjezera II), komanso mu Red Book.

Kutanthauzira Kwa Cat Cat

Maonekedwe a nyamayo akufanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wapakhomo. Pali mitundu ingapo 23, yomwe zotsatirazi zimapezeka ku Russia:

• European Forest Cat - yokhala ndi chovala chakuda chokhala ndi mizere yakuda yopatuka thupi kuchokera kumusana.
• Mphaka wamtchire wa ku Caucasus - ali ndi utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga akuda m'thupi lonse.
• Mphaka wa Kachilumba Kakutali Kwambiri - Amavala mawanga pakhungu loyera,
• Mphaka wamabango, kapena bog lynx - umaonekera kumbuyo kwa mnzake ndi tsitsi lowiira komanso zovala zamakutu pamakutu,
• Mphaka wamtchire ku Amur - ili ndi chovala chofewa chokhala ndi mawanga ofiira.

Amphaka omwe amakhala kumadera achipululu (Africa, Turkmenistan) nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa ena. Kuphatikiza apo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala. Ndipo okhala m'mapiri ali ndi mkati mwamkati ndi tsitsi lalitali. Caucasian nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi Europeanccc, koma iyi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu (kulemera kwake kwambiri ndi 11 kg).

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Ziweto zosowa chonchi zimakonda malo, motero ndibwino kuti zizisungidwa m'dera lothinitsidwa kapena kupangira ndege. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyamayo imadumpha mamita atatu m'litali, ndiye kuti mpingowo ndibwino kuchita pang'ono. Pobisalira, payenera kukhala mitengo kapena mitengo yomwe petendi inyamire, monga anachitira kuthengo. Mu zoo, zikhalidwe za nyama ziyenera kukhala zofanana.

Zachidziwikire, kumalo osungirako nyama, komwe nyamayo imakonda kuthengo, imakhala bwino kuposa malo osungira nyama.

Pakakhala kundende, amphaka amabala bwino. Chifukwa cha zomwe amakhala m'malo osungira ndi malo osungira nyama, anthu amasungidwa.

Pakatikati pa mphaka wamtchire, payenera kukhala mitengo kapena mitengo yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito kukwera kuthengo

Ndiosavuta kusamalira chiweto - ndikokwanira kuphatikiza tsitsi la nyama sabata iliyonse ndikuchisamba pamwezi (koma nthawi zambiri izi siziyenera kuchitika). Mphaka wamtchire sakonda kusinthika, kotero "zinthu zake" sizifunika kusinthidwa. Nyama izi ndizolimba mthupi, komabe ndimayenera kupita kukaonana ndi veterinarian miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa matenda otsatirawa omwe amabadwa mu mtundu:

• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (matenda a mtima),
• matenda a impso a polycystic,
• retina dysplasia.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa kapena kusanjanitsa chiweto chamtchire, chifukwatu sichiloleza kugona.

Bwenzi langa limatumiza zithunzi za mphaka wakuthengo, popeza amakhala kutali ndipo ndilibe njira yoti ndiziwone nyamayo. Mnzake akuti chikhalidwe cha chiweto chake sichitha kusintha, koma akuti izi ndi nyama zamtchire. Mtsikanayo akuti, m'malo mwake, ndizoyenera iye. Wodziwa ziweto zake samasamba nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri samagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa akhoza kunenedwa kuti "amakhala" pantchito. Ndipo mphaka, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe, koma amusowa, koma posachedwa adazolowera izi. Vuto lalikulu ndikudyetsa anthu oyeretsa - mnzake adamupangira zakudya zachilengedwe, zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga gawo labwino la sabata, chifukwa chake, mtsikanayo amakwiya. Komabe, malingana ndi iye, ndikofunikira, chifukwa mdani weniweni amakhala pafupi ndi iye. Kwa nyama, mnzake adakonza nyumba yapadera yofanana ndi yagalimoto yaying'ono. Nthawi zina amalolera kuti mphaka ubwere mozungulira malo ake, koma amawopa kwambiri kuti nyama zamtchire zimapambana chikondi cha mbuye wake, ndipo chiweto chimathawa.

Kanema: Momwe mphaka wa ku Far East amakhalira kuthengo

Pali mitundu ingapo 23 ya amphaka a kuthengo. Nyama izi sizimakonda kukhala mu ukapolo, komabe zimasamalidwa ndi anthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Kuthengo, nyama zodyerazi zimakonda kukhala kwayekha ndipo zimangokhala gulu lokangolana. Kuti azikhala muukapolo, amafunikira ndege kapena kampata kakang'ono kamtengo ndi mtengo ndi nthambi zomwe nyamayo imakonda kukwera.