Kozodoya satha kuwoneka nthawi yomweyo. Iyi ndi mbalame yomwe ili ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri woteteza, chifukwa chomwe mbuzi imadzibisira. Kuchokera kumwamba imapakidwa utoto wakuda, kutsika kumbuyo kwake komwe kumakhala mabala, mawanga, kaso kolimba, chikaso chofiirira, chakuda.

Chifuwa cha mbalame ndi imvi yakuda ndi mikwaso yayifupi ya mawu opepuka. Ndipo mapiko, ndi mutu, ndi mchira wake zili ndi mtundu womwe umabisala mbalame m'mazomera. Kutengera mtundu wa maula, mbalamezo zimagawidwa m'mitundu 6 ya mbuzi, zomwe zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Thupi lokhala ndi mbewa limakhala lalitali 26 cm, mchirawo ndi 12 cm, ndipo mapiko ali pafupifupi 20 cm.

Maso a mbalame ndi akulu, ozungulira, akuda. Mlomo ndi wochepa pomwe umatsekedwa. Koma pakamwa pa mbuzi ndi yayikulu - imafunika kugwira tizilombo usiku, ikuuluka. Mlomowo umazunguliridwa ndi zing'onozing'ono koma zolimba pomwe tizilombo timasokonekera ndikugwera mkamwa mwa mbalame.

Chifukwa cha tsitsi lolimba kuzungulira pakamwa, mbuzi imakonda kutchedwa netkonos

Mawu a mbalameyi amafanana ndikung'ung'udza thirakitala, ndipo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi kuimba kwa mbalame zina. Mlengalenga, kozodoi amafuula ma alamu; amathanso kufuwula, kudina kapena kuwomba modekha.

Maonekedwe a omwe ali ndi mbewa si zachilendo. Komanso, mbalame ya mbuzikumakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Kulira kwake kwachilendo usiku ndi maulendo akachetechete mumlengalenga usiku adasewera nthabwala zoyipa ndi iye - anthu adamuyesa ngati woipa, komanso kadzidzi.

Mverani mawu a mbuzi

Amakhulupirira kuti mbalameyi imayamwa mkaka wonse kuchokera kwa mbuzi usiku ndikuwapangitsa kukhala akhungu. Pano chifukwa chake mbalameyi inkatchedwa mbuzi. M'malo mwake, zoona, palibe chilichonse cha mtunduwo. Imeneyi ndi mbalame zouluka usiku zokha, zomwe zimakopeka ndi tizilomboti.

Mbalameyi imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'nkhalango zotentha kapena zamtali za ku Europe ndi West ndi Central Asia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ku North West Africa. Imakhala kuzilumba za Balearic, Briteni, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, imapezeka ku Kupro ndi Krete. Zimapezekanso ku Caucasus.

Kozodoya sachita mantha kwambiri ndi malo okhala, nthawi zambiri imawuluka pafupi ndi minda ndi zolembera ng'ombe. Izi zidapangitsa kuti nthano ya dzina lake ikhale. Ngakhale, kwenikweni, izi zitha kufotokozedwa mophweka - kudya mbuzi Tizilombo tambiri, ndipo tizilombo tambiri timakonda kuzungulira nyama, chakudya ndi zinyalala. Ndikusintha kuti pafupi ndi famu ndikosavuta kuti mbuzi izisaka.

Yemwe ali ndi nthumwi zokhala ndi nkhalango zowirira samakonda - chifukwa cha mapiko ake pakati pa nthambi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti azitha kuyendetsa. Samakondanso malo otentha. Koma mbuziyo imayenda bwino pamtunda. M'mapiri a Caucasus, amatha kukwera mpaka 2500 m, ndipo ku Africa adawonedwa ngakhale pamtunda wa 5000 m.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mbuzi

Kozodoy ndi mbalame yausiku. Moyo wothamanga wokhala ngati mbuzi yoyenda mbuzi umayamba pokhapokha ndi kuyamba kwamdima. Masana, amapumula panthambi za mitengo kapena kutsikira mu udzu wouma, pomwe amakhala osawoneka bwino. Ndipo usiku wokha mbalameyo imawuluka kukasaka.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, panthambi zake zimakonzedwa osati ngati mbalame wamba kudutsa nthambi, koma limodzi. Pofuna kubisa kwambiri, amatseka maso ake. Kuphatikiza apo, limaphatikizika ndi mtundu wa mtengo kotero kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, pokhapokha mwamwayi.

Pokhala munkhalango za paini, mbuzi zimavuta kubisala ngati mtengo

Mbuzi imawuluka mwakachetechete, mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Pakuuluka, amagwira nyama, motero amayenera kuyenda moyenera komanso kuthamanga ndi liwiro la mphezi pooneka ngati kachilombo. Komanso, imapachika kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo amodzi.

Pakuwuluka, mchira wopapatiza ndi mapiko ake owoneka bwino akuwoneka bwino, ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuwona kuwuluka kwawo komwe. Kusaka kwake koyang'ana kumbuyo kwa thambo usiku kumakhala ngati kuvina kwachete. Sikuti aliyense amakwanitsa kusangalala ndi ndege ngati imeneyi, mbalame zobisika, komanso moyo wamtundu wausiku.

Koma dziko lapansi limayenda mosasunthika. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma pawaz a Kozodoy ndi afupiafupi, samasinthidwa kuti aziyenda, ndipo zala ndizofooka kwambiri chifukwa cha izi. Pangozi, mbuziyo imasanjidwa ngati malo amderalo. Komabe, ngati izi sizigwira ntchito, mbalameyo imakwera m'mwamba, kupewa kuthamangitsa.

Chakudya cha Mbuzi

Amadyetsa mbuzi tizilombo tokha, izi mbalame imakonda tizilombo zouluka. Mitundu yonse ya nthiwu, nsikidzi, agulugufe - chakudya chachikulu cha mbuzi. Komabe, ngati mavu, njuchi, udzudzu kapena ngakhale cholakwika zichitika, wosaka usiku sangadutse.

Nthawi zina mbuzi imawala, izi zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi kuwunikira, koma mbalameyo "imawaunikira" pomwe ikufuna, chifukwa palibe amene akufotokoza kuwalako mpaka pano

Kapangidwe konse ka mbalameyo kamasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chamadzulo- ndi maso akulu, ndi kamwa yayikulu, yoposa yomwe ntchentche (mlingaliro lenileni la mawuwo) ndikuyimana mozungulira mulomo siyimatha kuuluka. Pofuna kugaya bwino chakudya, mbuzi imameza miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena mchenga.

Ngati chakudyacho sichikudya, amachiphika, monga zikho zina kapena zabodza. Imagwira nyama pa ntchentche, koma nthawi zina imawulondola ngakhale kuchokera kunthambi. Imasakidwa usiku, koma ngati pali chakudya chochuluka, mbalameyo imatha kupumula.

Kubadwanso ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo mbuzi

Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi (malingana ndi malo okhala mbalameyo), matani amapezeka. Choyamba, masabata awiri azimayiwo asanafike, amphongo amawulukira kumalo odyera. Pofuna kukopa chidwi chaikazi, mbuziyo imayamba kuthamanga, kuwomba mapiko ake ndikuwonetsa luso lake kuuluka.

Yaikaziyo, itadzisankhira wokwatirana nayo, imawuluka mozungulira malo angapo komwe kungatheke kuyala. Mbalame izi sizipanga zisa. Akuyang'ana malo padziko lapansi pomwe masamba, udzu ndi mitengo yonse yamitengo imabzalidwa, momwe mungayikire mazira. Zachikazi zimaswa nkhuku pansi, kuphatikiza ndi chivundikiro cha dothi.

Malo oterowo akapezeka, mating'i amachitika pamenepo. Pakapita kanthawi, buluzi wamkazi amadziikira mazira awiri ndi kumadzigwira. Zowona, nthawi zina zamphongo zimatha kulowa m'malo mwake. Ma ntchentche samabadwa amaliseche, adakutidwa kale ndi fluff ndipo amatha kuthamangitsa amayi awo.

Ndipo patatha masiku 14, akhanda amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka. Kwa sabata lathunthu, mbuzi zazing'ono zimayesetsa kudziwa luso louluka, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata zimatha kuwuluka mtunda wautali.

Nthawi yokhazikika mbuzi imatha kupitilizidwa miyezi yonse ya chilimwe

Ndipo atatha masiku 35, ali ndi zaka zochepera mwezi umodzi ndi zochepa, amawuluka kwina kutali ndi chisa cha makolo ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha. Zowona, iwonso amakhalira makolo chaka chimodzi chokha atabadwa. Kukula mwachangu kwa anapiye kumeneku kumalumikizidwa, makamaka, osati moyo wautali wa mbuzi, wazaka 6 zokha.

Mawonekedwe

Mbalame yaing'ono, yokongola bwino. Kutalika 24,5-28 cm, mapiko a 52-59 cm, kulemera kwa amuna 51-101 g, kulemera kwa akazi 67-95 g. Thupi limakhala lokwera pang'ono, ngati nkhakoo, yokhala ndi mapiko aatali komanso mchira wautali. Mlomo ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wofooka, koma mawonekedwe mkamwa amawoneka okulirapo. M'makona amkamwa, mumatulutsa zisa zazitali komanso zolimba. Miyendo ndiyochepa kwambiri - zikuwoneka kuti mbalame yomwe idakhala pansi idadzikakamiza ndi thupi lonse pansi. Chala chapakati chimakhala chotalikirapo kuposa chinzake ndipo chimalumikizidwa pang'ono ndi nembanemba ndi oyandikana nawo. Mafutawo ndi ofewa komanso otayirira, monga momwe mumachitira kadzidzi - chifukwa cha izi, mbuzi nthawi zina imawoneka yokulirapo kuposa momwe ilili.

Mtunduwu umakhala woyenda mozungulira - mbalame yosakhala mosatekeseka nkovuta kudziwa pa nthambi ya mtengo kapena masamba owuma. M'mabuku osankhidwa, pamwamba pake ndi la bulauni, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana, mikwingwirima yofiira, chifuwa ndi mitundu yakuda. Pansi pake pali brown-buffy, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amizeremizere akuda. Mzere wowoneka bwino umapangidwa pansi pa diso. Pali mawanga ang'ono pambali pa khosi, oyera oyera mwaimuna ndi ofiira mwa mkazi. Kuphatikiza apo, yamphongo imakhala ndi mabala oyera kumapeto kwa mapiko ndi m'makona amiyala yakunja, koma apo ayi amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono zili ngati mkazi wamkulu. Mlomo ndi wakuda, iris ndi wakuda.

Kuuluka ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuwongolera, koma nthawi yomweyo osangokhala chete. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame imatha kupachikika pamalo amodzi ngati kestrel, komanso kukonzekera ndi mapiko motalikirana. Amasunthira pansi osakakamira, amakonda kukhala pamtunda popanda udzu. Imazindikira momwe nyama zimadyera kapena munthu, mbalame yopuma imayesa kuphatikiza ndi malo ozungulira, kubisala ndikutsamira pansi kapena pang'ono. Ngati ngoziyo ili pafupi kwambiri, mbalameyo imanyamuka mosavuta, ndikuwomba mapiko ake mokweza, ndikuchotsedwa mtunda waufupi. Mbuzi zokhala ndi mbuzi zofiirira zofananira ku Peninsula ya Iberia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zazing'ono kukula, mapiko ataliatali, komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa imvi. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi "kolala" ya nthenga zotsamira kumbuyo kwa khosi ndi zina zotulutsa zoyera pamapiko ndi mchira. Kutentha kwa mkaka wambuzi wamba kumadalirana pang'ono ndi malo omwe ndimasamba ofiira (Caprimulgus rufigena) ndi zingwe (Caprimulgus fraenatus) wa mbuzi. Mitundu yonse iyi ya ku Africa, komanso yofiirira, yatulutsa nthenga za nthenga za khosi pakhosi ndi matanga oyera kumapiko ndi mchira. Mbuzi ya matumba, kuphatikiza apo, imada kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Akatswiri azachipembedzo a ku Britain David Snow ndi Chris Perrins, pantchito yawo yofunika kwambiri pa mbalame za Western Palaearctic, adatsimikiza kuti kukumana ndi mbuzi wamba ndichinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa kudziwa.

Mawu

Pokhala mbalame yosawoneka bwino, mbuzi imakhala yodziwika bwino chifukwa choyimba mwachilendo, mosiyana ndi mawu a mbalame zina ndipo imamveredwa bwino pamtunda wa mpaka mamitala 600. Wamphongo amayimba, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtengo wakufa pamphepete mwa nkhalango kapena kudula. Nyimbo yake - yoyimbira yotseketsa "rrrrr" - imatikumbutsa kulira kwa tulo wobiriwira kapena kukokosera kwa njinga yamoto yaying'ono, kumangoyang'ana kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kozungulira pang'onopang'ono ndi phokoso laling'onoting'ono kumapitirirabe kuyambira nthawi yamadzulo mpaka m'bandakucha, pomwe kutengeka, mafunde komanso kuchuluka kwa mawu kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zina, mbalameyi imasokoneza timapeto toimbira ndipo imatalikirana kuti "Fürr-Fürr-Fürr-Fürrryu ...", ngati kuti kubuma kwa galimotoyo kumatsamwitsidwa mwadzidzidzi. Nditamaliza kuyimba, mbuzi nthawi zonse imasiya mtengo womwe unakhala. Yaimuna imayamba kukhwima patapita masiku angapo ikafika ndipo imapitilizabe kuyimba chilimwe chonse, ikuchepetsa mwachidule mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Zambiri pazakuyimba kwa amuna kunja kwa malo okhala nesting ndizotsutsana: zolemba zina zimawonetsa kuti mapangidwe ake nthawi zina amatha kumvekanso panthawi yosamukira komanso nthawi yachisanu, pomwe ena amati mbalameyo imangokhala chete panthawiyi. Ngati kutalika kwakutali ndi kwamphongo kokha, ndiye mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kupanga mawu ena. Pothawa, a Kozodoi nthawi zambiri amafuula "sabata ... sabata." Ma Alamu - kusiyanasiyana kwakumaso kwa monosyllabic kapena kuzimiririka.

Dera

Mbuzi wamba imakhala m'malo otentha komanso ofunda kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi Eurasia kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita kummawa kupita ku Transbaikalia, komwe imasinthidwa ndi mtundu wina - mbuzi yayikulu, yodziwika ndi mtundu wakuda komanso kusintha kosiyana malo oyera pamchira. Imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku Europe, kuphatikizanso kuzilumba zambiri za Nyanja ya Mediterranean, koma pakati sikofunikira. Zachilendo kwambiri ku Iberia Peninsula komanso ku Eastern Europe. Sichikupezeka ku Iceland komanso madera akumpoto kwa Scotland ndi Scandinavia, komanso kumwera kwa Peloponnese.

Ku Russia, imachokera kumalire akumadzulo chakum'mawa kupita ku chigwa cha Onon (malire ndi Mongolia), kukumana kumpoto mpaka dera la subtaiga: m'chigawo cha Europe kupita ku Arkhangelsk, ku Urals mpaka pafupi 60, ku Siberia mpaka Yeniseisk, kumpoto kwa Baikal ndi pakati pagawo la Vitim. Kumwera kunja kwa Russia, imagawidwa ku Asia Little kumwera kupita ku Syria, kumpoto kwa Iraq, Iran ndi Afghanistan, kummawa mpaka kumadzulo kwa India, kumadzulo kwa China kupita kumpoto kwa Kunlun ndi Ordos. Ku Africa, zisa kuyambira ku East kum'mawa kupita ku Tunisia, kumwera mpaka ku Atlantic Yapamwamba.

Habitat

Imakhala m'malo otseguka komanso opanda malo okhala, malo otenthedwa bwino, okhala ndi zinthu zofunika kuchititsa kuti malore kukhala chinyalala, malo owonera bwino komanso kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kumtunda kuchokera pansi pa mphuno ya nyama yolusa, komanso tizilombo tambiri touluka touluka.

Amakhala mofunitsitsa malo owoneka ngati dothi, opanda dambo, wowala, wopanda mitengo ya paini yokhala ndi dothi lamchenga komanso malo owonekera, kumapeto kwa malo otetezedwa, minda, zigwa ndi mitsinje. Kummwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, ndizofala pamiyala ndi mchenga wa maquis (m'nkhalango za mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse). Mchigawo chapakati cha Europe, chimafika kwambiri kumalo ophunzitsira asitikali komanso ndala zotsala. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, zisa pamiyala pathanthwe ndi chitsamba chosowa. Malo okhalamo opezeka m'nkhalangoyi ndi nkhalango zam'madzi ndi malo otsetsereka a mitengo yomwe ili ndi magulu a mitengo kapena tchire.

Mbuzi imapewe nkhalango yamdima yopitilira, ndi njira imodzi yokha, C. e. plumpibes,, yopezeka m'chipululu cha Gobi. Monga lamulo, imakhala pachidikha, koma m'malo abwino chimakhazikika kudera lachigawo. Chifukwa chake, m'mapiri a Central Asia, mbuzi ndizofala m'mapiri kumtunda kwa 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo m'malo ozizira amapezeka m'malire a ayezi pamtunda wa 5000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Ntchito zachuma za anthu, monga kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kudula moto, zimathandiza kwambiri mbuzi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa misewu yambiri kumakhala koopsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi. Kuwala kwa nyali zamagalimoto kumakopa tizilombo tosachedwa usiku, komwe timasakidwa ndi mbuzi, ndipo phula lomwe limatenthetsedwa masana ndi malo abwino osangalalira. Zotsatira zake, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwera pansi pa matayala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongedwe kwathunthu kumadera okhala ndi magalimoto ambiri. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi kuda nkhawa kwa anthu nthawi yakudya, makamaka, kukacheza koyambirira kwa nkhalango ndi mbewu za bowa ndi mabulosi.

Kusamukira

Mbuzi yodziwika ndimtundu wamba womwe umasunthira chaka chilichonse. Malo ofikira nyengo yachisanu a masanjidwe osungika omwe amakhala ku Europe ambiri ali kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Africa, ngakhale gawo laling'ono la mbalamezi limasamukira kumadzulo kwa kontrakitala iyi. Masanjidwe meridionalisokhala ku Mediterranean, Caucasus ndi madera oyandikana ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, nyengo ya kum'mwera komanso mwina pakati pakati pa Africa, komanso kumadzulo kochepa. Masanjidwe sarudnyi, unwini ndi dementieviakukhala kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Central Asia, nthawi zambiri amasamukira kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Kuphatikiza apo, timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta mbalame zozizira bwino timapanga unwini wodziwika ku Israel, Pakistan komanso mwina kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, mbuzi zam'mbuyomu zimakhalanso nthawi yozizira maula. Kusamukira kumachitika kutsogolo, koma mbalame zomwe zimawulukira zimasungidwa zokhazokha ndipo sizimapanga gulu. Kunja kwa malo achilengedwe, maulendo apamtunda nthawi zina alembedwa ku Iceland, Faroe, Azores ndi Canary Islands, Madeira ndi Seychelles.

Kumene adachokera

Kozodoya nthawi zambiri imawonedwa pafupi ndi ziweto. Amadyera ntchentche, kavalo ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timatsata nyama. Siziuluka pafupi zokha, komanso zimathamanga pansi pakati pa nyama, nthawi zina ngakhale molunjika pakati pa miyendo yawo. Zonsezi, komanso kamwa yayikuru yosadziwika bwino, ndiye maziko a dzinalo. Mwa njira, kuwona mbuzi yokhazikika kumakhala kothekera kwambiri pafupi ndi gulu la ng'ombe kapena mbuzi. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuziwona m'nkhalangozi.

Gulu ndi Magawo

Mbuzi yodziwika kale inafotokozedwa mwasayansi ndi Carl Linnaeus mundondomeko ya 10 ya Natural System yake mu 1758. Dzina generic Caprimulgus, lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kutanthauza kuti "mbuzi" kapena "mkaka wa mbuzi" (kuchokera ku mawu achi Latin capra - mbuzi, ndipo mulgere - mkaka), wobwereka kuchokera ku Natural History (Liber X 26 Ivi 115) Pliny Mkuluyo - wolemba mbiri wakale ku Roma komanso wolemba amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimamwa mkaka wa mbuzi usiku, zimangomamatira kukamwa kwa nyama, zomwe pambuyo pake zimachita khungu ndikufa. Zowonadi, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa ng'ombe zam'mphepete mwa msipu, koma izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, kusokonezedwa ndi nyama kapena kusamukira kununkhira kwa manyowa. Dzinali, kutengera lingaliro lolakwika, silinangosungidwa mu sayansi yokha, komanso linasamukira ku zilankhulo zingapo za ku Europe, kuphatikizapo Chirasha. Onani dzina europaeus ("European") akuwonetsa mwachindunji dera lomwe mitunduyo idalongosoleredwa koyambirira.

Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbuzi imasiyanitsidwa, momwe kusiyanasiyana kumasonyezedwera mu kukula kwathunthu ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yayikulu ya kuchuluka:

• Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758 - kumpoto ndi pakati Europe kum'mawa mpaka Baikal, kumwera mpaka 60 ° C. w.
• Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hartert, 1896 - Northwest Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Northern Mediterranean, Crimea, Caucasus, Ukraine, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Iran ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian.
• Caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyi Hartert, 1912 - Central Asia kuchokera Kazakhstan ndi gombe lakummawa kwa Caspian kum'mawa kupita ku Kyrgyzstan, Tarbagatai ndi mapiri a Altai.
• Caprimulgus europaeus unwini Hume, 1871 - Asia kuchokera ku Iraq ndi Iran kummawa mpaka kumapiri otsetsereka a Tien Shan ndi mzinda waku China wa Kashgar, komanso Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan.
• Caprimulgus europaeus plumipes Przewalski, 1876 - kumpoto chakumadzulo China, kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia.
• Caprimulgus europaeus dementievi Stegmann, 1949 - kumwera kwa Transbaikalia, kumpoto chakum'mawa.

Kufotokozera kwa mbuzi

A Kozodoi ali ndi utoto wabwino kwambiri woteteza, chifukwa chomwe mbalame zotere ndizomwe zimadzibisa. Pokhala mbalame zosawoneka bwino, mbuzi zimadziwika chifukwa chodziimba kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mawu a mbalame zina. Mu nyengo yabwino, zambiri za mbuzi zimamvekedwa ngakhale patali mamita 500-600.

Moyo

Mbuzi ndizodziwika bwino komanso zamphamvu, koma kuthawa kwachete. Mwa zina, mbalame zotere zimatha "kupachika" pamalo amodzi kapena mapulani, zimasunga mapiko ake motalikirana. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, mbalameyo imayenda mosasunthika kwambiri ndipo imakonda madera opanda zomera. Pofikira nyama yolusa kapena mbalame, mbalame zopuma zimayesa kubisala m'malo ozungulira, kubisala ndikugwiritsitsa pansi kapena nthambi. Nthawi zina mbuzi imanyamuka mosavuta ndikukutika mapiko ake mokweza, ndikuyenda mtunda waufupi.

Amuna amayimba, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo ya mitengo yakufa yomwe ikulira kunja kwa mitengo. Nyimboyi imayimiridwa ndi "rrrrr" wouma komanso wowoneka bwino, wokumbukira kugundana kwa chala kapena ntchito ngati thirakitara. Kutokota kokhazikika kumayendera limodzi ndi kupumula kwakanthawi, koma kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa mawu amtunduwu kumasintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zina, a Kozodoi amasokoneza mapepala awo ndi "Matur-Furr-Furr-Furrryu" otambalala. Atangoimba, mbalameyo imachoka mumtengowo. Amunawo amayamba kukhwima patatha masiku angapo atafika ndikupitiliza kuyimba nthawi yonse yotentha.

Kozodoev sachita mantha kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu ambiri, motero mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimawuluka pafupi ndi mabizinesi aulimi ndi aulimi, komwe kuli tizilombo tambiri. Kozodoi ndi mbalame usiku. Masana, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakonda kupuma panthambi za mitengo kapena kutsikira pamudzu wokhala ndi udzu. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa usiku mbalamezo zimuluka kupita kukasaka. Pouluka, amathamangira kugwira nyama, amatha kuyendetsa bwino, komanso amayankha nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe a tizilombo.

Paulendo wawo, a Kozodoi wachikulire nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza "Loweruka ... kumapeto kwa sabata", ndipo ma alarm ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunong'ona kosavuta kapena mtundu wa phokoso losokosera.

Macaw parrot

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Kozodoi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo usiku komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Mapiko awo ndi aatali komanso opapatiza, mchirawo ndi wautali, miyendo yawo ndiyifupi, yofooka. Mlomowo ndi wocheperako, koma kamwa ndi lalikulu komanso lozungulira. Chala chapakati pamwendo ndicholowera kwambiri, ndipo chimagwira ntchito ya bulawu. Ziwongolezo ndizofewa komanso zowoneka bwino, zamtundu wonyezimira komanso wa imvi kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana maonekedwe, koma amuna, mosiyana ndi akazi, ali ndi malo oyera owoneka bwino pamapiko awo ndi amuna.

Mlengalenga, Kozodoi amafanana ndi swip kapena falcons, kuthawa kwawo kumathamanga komanso chete, ndikutembenuka kolowera ndikuyenda.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi mbuzi

Maziko omwe amadya mbuzi ndi tizilombo touluka, tomwe mbalame zimasaka mumdima. Chifukwa chake, mbuzi imadya njenjete ndi kafadala, ma dipterans (udzudzu, midges), mahatchi, nsikidzi ndi ma hymenopterans (njuchi ndi mavu). Mchenga, miyala yamiyala ndi mbali zina za mbewu zimapezekanso m'mimba za mbalame. Zakudya zomwe sizinasungidwe, mbalamezo zimangokhala ngati mapampu, zomwe zimatchedwa nthito, zabodza ndi kadzidzi zimachita chimodzimodzi.

Kufunafuna kwa mbuziyi kumakhala mumdima ndipo kumapitirira mpaka kucha, mbalameyi imasaka zonse pamalo ake osaka ndi kupitirira. Tizilombo tagwidwa ndi mbuzi ndikuuluka, timatha kuteteza nyama yake kuti ibisalire. Nthawi zina amapangira chakudya kuchokera kunthambi komanso padziko lapansi. Masana, a Kozodoi amagona pakati pa masamba omwe adagwa kapena panthambi, koma osabisala ngati kadzidzi. Tithokoze chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa motley, maso opendekera komanso kusowa kwa kuyenda, komwe kumagwirizanitsa mbalame ndi chilengedwe.

Kufalikira kwa mbalame

Kozodoi amapezeka m'zigawo zonse za dziko lapansi, kupatula zigawo za polar, zilumba zakutali za nyanja ndi New Zealand. Ku Australia, amakhala kumpoto kokha.

Ku Europe, pali mitundu iwiri ya mbuzi - yodziwika komanso yofiyira. Mbuzi za Bulan ndi Nubian zimapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe. Mbuzi zofala ndizofala ku Russia. Big Goat ndi wokhala ku East Asia.

Ambiri mwa mbuzi amakhala akusamukira kwawo.

Wodziwika kapena mbuzi chabe (Caprimulgus europaeus)

Mbalame yaying'ono yabwino komanso yotalika 24,5 mpaka 28 cm, mapiko a 52-59 masentimita, kulemera kwa amuna kuyambira 51 mpaka 101 g, ndi kulemera kwa akazi kwa 67-95 g. Thupi limakhala lokwera, mapiko ndi autali, otanthauza, mchira ndi wautali. Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wopanda mphamvu. Matenda aafupi. Zowonjezera ndizofewa komanso zotayirira. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwamtundu wakuda ndi utoto wopindika ndi mikwapulo ya utoto wofiirira, wakuda ndi wakuda. Mimba imakhala yofiyira, yopyapyala mikwingwirima yakuda. Pansi pamaso pali chingwe choyera. M'mphepete mwa khosi pali malo, oyera mwa amuna ndi ofiira mwa mkazi. Wamphongo amakhalanso ndi malo oyera pamiyala yamapiko. Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi akazi kunja. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, utawaleza ndi wakuda.

Mbalameyi imagawidwa nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi Eurasia kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Transbaikalia.

Mbuzi yokhala ndi timabowo tofiyira (Caprimulgus ruficollis)

Pali mawonekedwe ku Europe pa Iberian Peninsula komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa.

Kunja kofanana ndi mbuzi wamba, koma yokulirapo kuposa yomaliza. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 29 mpaka 32 cm, mapiko a 53-64 masentimita. Mapiko a mbalame ndi yayitali, maso ndi akulu. Pamwamba pali imvi yokhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje, lalanje ndi loyera, bere ndi m'mimba zimakhala zoyera-bwino ndi mawanga owonda amdima. Kuuluka, malo oyera atatu akuwoneka kumapeto kwa phiko. Khungu lowoneka bwino la imvi lili pamwamba pa maso, pali malo oyera pakhosi, kamapewa kofiyira kofiyira pakati pakati khosi ndi kumbuyo. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi tsitsi lomwelo.

Mbuzi Yodabwitsa (Caprimulgus eximius)

Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumachokera pa 23 mpaka 25 cm, kulemera kwake kumafikira 66 g. Nthenga zakumapeto ndi zokutira zamapiko ndizotupa-zofiirira kapena zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi mawanga akulu akulu amtambo komanso oyera. Kugonana kwamisala sikuchitika ayi.

Kukhazikika komwe kuli mitunduyi ndi kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Kuswana kwa mbuzi

Mbalame zimafika pa kutha msinkhu wazaka pafupifupi chimodzi. Amphongo amafika zisa m'mbuyomu kuposa zazikazi, pomwe masamba amangotuluka pamitengo ndikuwoneka tizilombo. Wamphongo akafika kumalo odyera, amayamba kuyankhula, amasilira kwa nthawi yayitali, atakhala panthambi za mitengo. Poona chachikazi, yamphongo ndi kufuula kotsiriza nyimbo yake ndikuyamba kukupiza mapiko ake mokweza kuti imukope. Kusamalira chachikazi, mbuzi imawuluka ngati gulugufe mumlengalenga, kenako imapachikika pamalo amodzi, imasunga thupi lake ndikutsegula mapiko ake kuti malo oyera awoneke.

Wamphongo amawonetsa malo achikazi oti adzagone dzira, pomwe mkazi amasankha imodzi. Samamanga chisa cha mbalame, ndipo amayikira mazira pansi, nthawi zambiri pamatayala amiyala, masamba ndi singano kapena zinyalala, pomwe chachikazi sichitha kuonekera. Malowa a chisa nthawi zambiri amaphimbidwa ndi chitsamba, fern kapena nthambi.

Kulumikizana kumachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni, kumakhala ndi mazira awiri. Chipolopolocho ndi chonyezimira, choyera kapena imvi. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 18. Zofungatira zimachitika makamaka ndi zazikazi, zomwe nthawi zina zimasinthidwa ndi chachimuna.

Mankhusu amabadwa nthenga zofiirira. Amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu. Masiku 4 oyambilira amadyetsedwa ndi mkazi, kenako onse awiri. Usiku, mbuzi zimapita ku chisa maulendo 10 ndikubweretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 150 kwa ana awo. Pazaka zitatu zokha, anapiyewo amakhala amtambo. Ndipo patatha milungu iwiri amayamba kudzilamulira okha.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame

• Kozodev nthawi zambiri amatha kuziona pafupi ndi ziweto. M'malo oterowo, mbalame zimadyera ntchentche, kavalo ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo timene timayenda ndi zoweta. Kozodoi amawuluka pafupi ndikuthamangira pansi pakati pa nyama, nthawi zina pakati pa miyendo yawo. Zizolowezi zachilendo monga izi, komanso kamwa yayikuru ya mbuzi, zidakhala chifukwa chomwe dzinalo limawonekera. Ndikosavuta kuwona mbuzi m'nkhalangomo, koma mutha kuiwona pafupi ndi gulu la ng'ombe kapena mbuzi.

Fumbo: chifukwa chiyani mbalameyi inkatchedwa mbuzi-mbuzi?

Kozodoev amadziwikanso kuti am'meza usiku, ngakhale kuti palibe kufanana komwe kumeza. Pokhapokha ngati zinthu zina kwambiri.

Mawu oti "mbuzi" pawokha ali ndi chiyambi chosangalatsa. Malinga ndi nthano ina ya ku Germany, mbalame ya nondescript iyi mwachinsinsi kuchokera kwa anthu am'mudziyo itayamba chizolowezi chomaka mkaka ng'ombe - kuphatikizapo mbuzi. Ndipo anthu adamupeza dzina loyambirira.

Mbudzi ya mbuzi imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe kuli ziweto zambiri. Koma sizingatheke kuti mkaka umukope, koma mitambo ya tizilombo yomwe imayesetsa kupindulitsa ng'ombe, mbuzi kapena nkhosa, ndipo pamapeto pake imakhala chakudya cha mdani wokhala ndi mbewa. Nyamazo zimakonda kuyandikira nyamayo, ndipo zikuuluka pansi pamimba pake.

Kodi mbuzi wamba ili kuti?

Banja la Goat limaphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, zomwe zimafotokozeredwa ndi mawonekedwe wamba a mawonekedwe ndi "mawonekedwe". Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri ndi mtundu wotchedwa mbuzi wamba.

Mbalameyi imapezeka ku Eurasia, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Imamveka bwino m'malo otentha, komanso imapezeka kum'mwera kwa Europe - mwachitsanzo, kuzilumba za Mediterranean.

Ku Russia, mbuzi ndizofala, kuyambira kumalire akumadzulo ndikumatha ndi Transbaikalia. Ngati mungatsatire kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, mbalameyo ikhoza kupezeka kale kudera la Arkhangelsk, ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi omwe akuyenda kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dzikolo. Ndipo zochuluka kumwera - ku Syria, Afghanistan, Northern Iraq, kumadzulo kwa India ndi China - mbuzi wamba zimakhala.

Mbalameyi ndi ya anthu osamukira kwawo ndipo amayenda mtunda wautali chaka chilichonse. Monga malo okonzera nyengo yachisanu, monga lamulo, amasankha gawo lomwe lili kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.

Malo okongoletsa

Mbalame zimasankha malo okhala motengera ndi tizilombo. Amakhala pamphezi, zigwa za mitsinje, madambo, zitsamba. Pamitengo, mbalame zimakonda kubzala zipatso, popula, singano, mitengo yaying'ono, nkhalango zamtchire.

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala m'mapiri ataliitali komanso m'madambo oyenda kwambiri. Amakonda mitengo yotseguka kapena malo okhala ndi mitengo yobzalidwa pang'ono. Mulingo woyenera ndi dothi lamchenga wokutidwa ndi udzu kapena masamba.

Kozodoi pewani chipululu komanso madera opanda zomera.

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala pafupi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Apa amadya tizilombo touluka mozungulira ng'ombe.

Malo okhala

Kuti mbuzi ikhale mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere, ikufunika izi:

• Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tizilombo touluka.
• Kubwereza kwabwino.
• Zowuma.
• Kutha kuchoka mwadzidzidzi chisa, ngati mwadzidzidzi wolusa anali pafupi naye.

Maula a pine obwera mwachisawawa amafanana ndi zonsezi, pomwe pali dzuwa lokwanira ndi tizilombo, ndipo dothi lamchenga louma komanso lotentha. Kuboola, kutulutsa, malo opanda nthaka komanso malo opanda kanthu ndizoyeneranso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ndi mbalame ndi mbuzi. Ndipo ngati m'nkhalango zambiri zowonongeka muli zowonongeka, ndi njira ina yozungulira - kuchuluka kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

Ngakhale a Kozodoi nthawi zina amakhala m'mipata ya mitsinje, m'malo otsetsereka a mitengo, m'miyala yosiyidwa, m'malo ophunzitsira ankhondo, kumapiri ...

Koma oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi misewu yotanganidwa kwa iwo ali ofanana ndi imfa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuunika kwa nyali zagalimoto kumakopa midges osiyanasiyana. Ndipo poyesera kuti apeze chakudya chamadzulo, mbalame zausiku zimagwera pansi pa matayala.

Kuyimba kwachilendo

Mbuzi wamba, yodziwika bwino, imakhala ndi mawu osazolowereka. Sizingasokonezeke ndi mawu a mbalame ina iliyonse. Kufuula kwa mbuzi kumamveka patali mita chikwi. Imafalitsidwa ndi amuna omwe amakhala pamitengo yamitengo ndikuimba modzipereka kuyambira dzuwa kulowa mpaka mbandakucha.

Ngati mumasankha ma analogie, ndiye kuti nyimbo izi zitha kufananizidwa ndi phokoso la achule kapena phokoso la injini yogwira njinga yamoto. Mwana wamwamuna akakhala chete, amapumira mokuwa. Ndipo ndikawopa, china chonga "Fürr-Fürr-Fürr."

"Nthawi yanyimbo" imayamba masiku angapo atabwerako mbuzi kuchokera nthawi yozizira ndikutha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zowona, pakati pa Julayi, oimbawo amapuma kwakanthawi ndikudekha.

Zakudya

Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi mbalame zouluka. Amadyetsa nsikidzi, udzudzu, agulugufe, nsikidzi, njuchi, ziwala, akangaude, agulugufe, njenjete ndi midges.

Kusaka kozodoi kuyambira usiku mpaka m'bandakucha. Amasaka chakudya pagawo lawo kapena amatha kuuluka makilomita 3-4.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi mlomo wawung'ono wodulidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amatha kugwira mosavuta mlengalenga.

Mbalame zimabisalira ndikufunafuna nyama. Midge ikangouluka, mbuzi imachoka ndikuigwira. Kenako abwerera ndi kudikirira.

Komanso mbalame zimakhomera tizilombo ku mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Mukufufuza, asayansi adapeza mchenga ndi miyala mumiyendo ya mbuzi. Mbalame zimazigwiritsa ntchito kuti zitheke kusinza chakudya ndi zomera zomwe zimameza mwangozi mukasaka.

Munthawi yayitali, mbuzi zimatha mafuta osungira. Kwa miyezi ingapo amadzola mafuta kuti apulumuke posamukirako.

Capricorn pakuuluka

Kuuluka kwa mbuzi ndi nyimbo yapadera. Monga tanenera pamwambapa, miyendo yake ndiyifupi, yosayenera kwathunthu kuyenda. Koma mapikowo ndiwotalikirapo, ndi waukulu.

Kukula pamwamba pa akorona amitengo, mbalame yowuma padziko lapansi imasandulika mfumukazi yakumwamba. Ndiwachisomo komanso wokongola, wobwera komanso wokongola ... Mutha kuwona kuwuluka kwa akudya mbuzi kwamuyaya.Imatha kuyandama bwino m'mlengalenga, kapena mwadzidzidzi imatsika ndi mwala kapena mwadzidzidzi imapita mbali imodzi, kuthawa nyama yolusa ndikukonza chiwonetsero chanyenye.

Zowona, mbalamezi sizikweza kwambiri. Osati chifukwa chakuti sangathe, koma chifukwa zoterezi ndizosafunikira - pambuyo pake, pamtunda waukulu kuchokera pansi palibe tizilombo. "Aulere" ojambula "omwewo" sangachite.

Zokhudza zakudya

Aliyense amene akufuna kusangalala ndi mbuzi akathawa ayenera kukumbukira: izi zimachitika kwambiri mumdima, monga usiku kuti "chaser mbuzi" nthawi zambiri amasaka. Ndipo masana amakhala mu mpumulo woyenera mumthunzi wa nthambi.

"Zakudya" zodziwika bwino za mbuzi ndi nsikidzi zing'onozing'ono, ma midges, agulugufe osakhalitsa, mahatchi, nsikidzi. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kugwira mavu kapena njuchi.

Kuti athandize kugaya bwino, mbalameyi imadyanso mchenga, miyala ing'onoing'ono ndi mbewu zina. Ndipo chakudya chosasankhidwa ndi mbuzi, monga kadzidzi ndi kanga, mikanda.

Mbalame yanjala usiku imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso yodzikuza. Imatha kudutsa malire ake a chakudya ndikusaka kwina. Mbuzi ikakhala yodzaza, ndi waulesi kwambiri kuti athe kuuluka kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zina sizibwera pansi kapena nthambi, ndikuyembekeza kuti chakudyacho chiziwombera chokha. Ndipo iye, zikhale chomwecho, azipukuta mavu otaika.

Ziwalo komanso machitidwe a mbuzi

Mwa zidziwitso zonse, mbuzi zimakhala ndi maso ophunzitsidwa bwino - ndichifukwa chake amakonda kukhazikika m'malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kuti athe kugwiritsira ntchito "chida" chawo chothandiza kwambiri kwa adani.

Kumva ndikukhudza akuwonekera pambuyo kwachiwiri komanso kwachitatu. Zilonda zam'maso zowala sizimapangidwa konse, ndipo asayansi sanapereke yankho lomveka bwino pankhani ya fungo. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mbuzi ilibe chilichonse.

Mbalame siziwala ndi luso la malingaliro. Koma mbali inayi, ndiwanzeru, wanzeru, amatha kuyankha mwachangu, amatha kukhala wopanda mantha komanso wopanda nkhawa.

Poona ngozi yomwe yatsala pang'ono kukwana, mbuzi imayesera kuti itsike ndi magazi pang'ono, ikungophatikiza ndi chilengedwe ndikuwonongeka. Ngati akuwona kuti alibe nthawi yodzibvalira, ndiye kuti amalowera: amachoka mwamphamvu, ndikuwombera mapiko ake mokweza, ndikuthawira patali. Ndipo modzidzimutsa, ndikulephera kuuluka, mbuziyo imathamangira mdaniyo molimba mtima, ndikufuula mokweza ndikutsegula pakamwa pake yayikulu poteteza mdaniyo.

Khalidwe la makolo ambuzi limakhudza mtima kwambiri. Ngati mdani afika pafupi ndi makanda awo kapena akumanga, anthu achikulire, kumayesera kuti avulazidwe, yesani kumukoka, kuyika moyo wawo pachiwopsezo.

Adani okonda adani

Kozodoi nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa chakuwopsezedwa ndi adani. Amagwira mbalame zazikulu ndi anapiye, kuwononga zisa. Pakati pa adani a mbalame:

Panthawi ya nkhondoyi, mbalamezi zimatambasulira mapiko ake, ndikuzigwedeza ndikulankhula mokweza. Koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kuthawa. Adani akaukira mazira, mkaziyo amathamangira m'mbuyo ndikutsatira mapiko osweka kuti asokoneze wolusa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatsutsanso mbalame: mbewa ndi nthenga. Amakhala pathupi la mbuziyo ndikumuyambitsa zovuta zambiri.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Mbuzi imadzala awiriawiri. Ndipo chikhumbo chofuna mnzake mu mbalame chimawonekera kwinakwake mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Ngakhale mchaka chimodzi chochepa ndimunthu wocheperako amadziwika kuti ndi okhwima.

Momwe mgwilizano wa mbuzi umakondweretseratu ... Amunawa amafika pasadakhale mpaka pomwe amafika kuti akonzekere zokonzekera zanyumba. Kuyendera ndi kudziwa bwino. Pafupifupi masiku khumi pambuyo pake, akazi amawonekera pano, ndipo zisudzo zenizeni zimayamba.

Maovavali, ngati agulugufe, amawolowera kutsogolo kwa osankhidwa awo, kuyesera momwe angathere kuti athe kuyang'ana malo oyera pakhosi (mwachiwonekere, ali chizindikiro). Nthawi yomweyo, amayimba nyimbo mokweza.

Dona akayamba kukonda chibwenzi, mwamunayo amayamba kuchita bizinesi yambiri - akuwonetsa "mbuye wanyumba" wamtsogolo zingapo zakusankha malo opangira zisoni. Ndipo wamkazi amasankha kale imodzi mwa izo, ndipo ikuyamwa.

Kunena kuti mbuzi wamba zimamanga zisa m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu ndizosatheka. Monga lamulo, tikulankhula za fumbi la mitengo, kapena zinyalala za masamba, kapena kapeti wamasamba achaka chatha ... China chake chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa, chophimbidwa bwino ndi chitsamba kapena nthambi zinagwa, ndiwo chisa chambuzi wamba.

Clutch mu "chisa" nthawi zambiri imawonekera m'masiku omaliza a Meyi kapena m'masiku oyamba a Juni. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira awiri amtundu wa oyera kapena amtundu wamtundu wokhala ndi mitundu "yolocha" yamtundu, owumbika bwino. Zimachitika kuti pali mazira ambiri mu clutch. Koma mwachidziwikire awa ndi "opeza". Yaikazi imagwira makamaka mbala. Wamphongo nthawi zina amalowa m'malo mwake.

Pambuyo masiku pafupifupi 18 mu "nyumba" ya mbuzi, mawu a ana akhanda amveka.

Chingwe

Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimasokonekera nthawi yomweyo. Kupatukana pakati pa mawonekedwe a okalamba ndi achinyamata kumatha kukhala tsiku lathunthu. Ana a mbuzi amabwera mdziko lapansi moipa, komanso kuchuluka koyipa. Koma amatenga mawonekedwe a "anthu wamba" m'malo mwachangu. Monga, kwenikweni, kudziyimira pawokha.

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ntchito ndi mphamvu. Masabata awiri atabadwa, amayesa kunyamuka, atatha atatu - amawuluka bwino, ndipo atatha asanu - safunikiranso chisamaliro cha makolo ndikusiya "chisa" chawo kuti akonzekere kuyenda kwawokha kumayendedwe amasana.

Mbuzi yayikulu: malongosoledwe

Monga tanenera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, banja la a Goat linagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi mbuzi yayikulu, yodziwika ndi zazikulu zokulirapo ndi kukhalapo kwa mabulowo kuzungulira pakamwa (mitundu ina ilibe izi).

Mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi m'maiko onse a South ndi Central America omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Amazon. Kupezekanso ku Caribbean. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chawo chokhala panja - safunika kusamukira kwina kulikonse.

Akasaka ambuzi akuluakulu amlenje amasaka usiku. Osati mlengalenga, koma kukhala pachitsa, chobisala ngati mfundo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina a "flycatcher". Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, kamwa, ndipo mulomo "umakhala" ndi mano apadera.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera mawonekedwe - maso awo amawona nyama ngakhale kudzera m'miyendo yotsekeka. Mtundu wa mbalamezi m'magulu ena amasankhidwa ngati mbuzi yamtchire. Izi zimachitika chifukwa malo omwe amakhalamo ndi nkhalango.

Masamba ambiri odziwika

Mbuzi zazikulu, zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Ndipo chodziwika bwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi mbuzi yodula mitengo. Imapezeka kumwera kwa Mexico, ku Argentina ndi Paraguay, komanso ku Antilles (kupatula Cuba).

Ndi mbalame yayikulu, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 38, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kutalikiratu kuposa katatu poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimafanana ndi mkaka wambuzi wamba. Zowonjezerazo ndi imvi (motero dzina), ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi madontho.

Njira zopangira chakudya mu mbalame ndizofanana ndi zina zonse zazikulu - molingana ndi mfundo za ntchentche. Ndipo amabisala mwanjira yomweyo - pansi pa chitsa.

Mbuzi imvi imakhalanso yosiyana ndi boma - imasaka usiku, ndikugona masana, kumanamizira kukhala mzati. Inde, amanamizira bwino kwambiri kuti mungayandikire ndi kumugwira osakayika kalikonse!

Iye, monga abale ake ena, ndi wojambula wodabwitsa. Mwina mtunduwu umapangitsa mbuzi zosasinthika kukhala zachilendo komanso zokopa m'maso mwa anthu.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Kufotokozera kwa mbuzi kunalembedwa mu buku la 10 la chilengedwe ndi Karl Linnaeus (1758). Caprimulgus europaeus ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Caprimulgus (Kozodoi), pomwe, pambuyo poti kusanthule kwa taxonomic mu 2010, mitundu 38 yasankhidwa, malinga ndi malo osungirako mbalame ku Eurasia ndi Africa. Magulu asanu ndi amodzi akhazikitsidwa amtundu wa mbuzi wamba, ziwiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe. Kusiyana kwamtundu, kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake nthawi zina zimakhala kwachipatala, ndipo nthawi zina kumatchulidwa kochepa.

Kanema: Kozodoy

Chosangalatsa: Dzinalo la mbuzi (Caprimulgus), limamasuliridwa kuti "milked of mbuzi" (kuchokera ku mawu achi Latin akuti capra - mbuzi, mulgere - mkaka). Lingaliro limatengedwa kuchokera kwa wophunzira wachiroma, Pliny Mkulu kuchokera ku Mbiri Yakale. Amakhulupilira kuti mbalamezi zimamwa mkaka wa mbuzi usiku, ndipo mtsogolo zimatha kukhala akhungu ndikufa.

Nthawi zambiri a Kozodoi amapezeka pafupi ndi ng'ombe kubusa, koma izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tozungulira pafupi ndi nyama. Dzinalo, kutengera lingaliro lolakwika, silinakhalepo m'zinenelo zina za ku Europe, kuphatikizapo Chirasha.

Kodi mbuzi imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mbudzi ya Mbuzi

Magawo a kozodoy amachokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa kupita kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Eurasia kum'mawa kukafika ku Nyanja ya Baikal. Europe ili pafupi ndi mitundu yonseyi; ilinso yopezeka kuzilumba zambiri za Mediterranean. Mbuziyo ilibe ku Iceland kokha, kumpoto kwa Scotland, kumpoto kwa Scandinavia komanso kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Russia, komanso kumwera kwa Peloponnese. Ku Central Europe, iyi ndi mbalame yosowa malo, imapezeka kwambiri ku Spain komanso ku mayiko aku Eastern Europe.

Kozodoi amapezeka ku Ireland kumadzulo kupita ku Mongolia komanso kum'mawa kwa Russia kummawa. Kukhazikika kwa chilimwe kumayambira ku Scandinavia ndi Siberia kumpoto mpaka North Africa ndi Persian Gulf kumwera. Mbalame zimasamukira ku mtundu wakumpoto. Amakhala nthawi yozizira ku Africa, makamaka kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa kondinendi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame za ku Iberia ndi ku Mediterranean zimakhala ku West Africa, ndipo anthu osamukasamuka alembedwa mu Seychelles.

Mbuzi imakhala m'malo owuma komanso opanda thukuta zokwanira usiku. Ku Europe malo omwe amakonda ndi malo opanda zinyalala komanso zithaphwi, amathanso kupanga nkhalango za mchenga wopepuka wokhala ndi malo akulu otseguka. Mbalameyi imapezeka, makamaka kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, pamiyala yamatalala ndi mchenga komanso m'malo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zitsamba.

Mbuzi zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• madambo
• minda yazipatso,
• madambo
• nkhalango zachikumbutso
• kukwera
• Zitsamba za ku Mediterranean,
• mitengo yaying'ono ya birch
• popula kapena coniferous m'minda.

Sakonda nkhalango zowirira kapena mapiri atali, koma amakonda glade, meadows ndi ena otseguka kapena opanda nkhalango pang'ono, opanda phokoso lamasana. Madera otsekedwa amatsekedwa ndi mitundu yonse. Zipululu zopanda zomerazi sizilinso zabwino kwa iwo. Ku Asia, mtunduwu umapezeka pafupipafupi pamtunda wopitilira 3,000 m, ndipo nthawi yozizira, ngakhale m'mphepete mwa mzere wa chipale chofewa pafupifupi 5,000 m.

Kodi mbuzi imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Mbuzi za Grey

Kozodoi amakonda kusaka madzulo kapena usiku. Amagwira tizilombo touluka ndi milomo yawo yotakata pogwiritsa ntchito milomo yayifupi. Wovutitsidwayo amagwidwa makamaka amathawa. Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira, kuyambira konsekonse, kuwuluka panjira yovuta kupita ku hawjik, kuthawa mokwiya. Mbuziyo ikangotsala pang'ono kugwira gululi, imang'amba mlomo wake wotseguka ndipo imakonza maukonde abwino mothandizidwa ndi milingo yomera yomwe ili mozungulira mulomo. Pamtunda, mbalame sizisaka.

Mbalameyi imadya tizilombo touluka tosiyanasiyana, monga:

Mchenga kapena miyala yabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mimba za anthu omwe amafufuzidwa ndi asayansi. Imene mbuzi imadyera pothandiza kugaya nyama yake komanso chilichonse chomera chomwe chimabwera mosadziwa posaka zakudya zina. Mbalamezi zimasaka osati m'magawo awo, koma nthawi zina zimayenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Mbalame zimasaka malo abata, munkhalango komanso m'nkhalango.

A Kozodoi amathamangitsa nyama yothawathawa, ndikumwa, ndikugwa pansi pamadzi paulendowu. Amakopeka ndi tizilombo, tomwe timayang'ana mozungulira kuyaka kwanyumba, pafupi ndi nyama za pafamu kapena pamadziwe oyima. Mbalamezi zimayenda mtunda wa 3.1 km kuchokera zisa zawo kukagula. Nkhuku zimatha kudya ndowe zawo. Mbalame zosamukira zimapulumuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, mafuta amadzala asanasamuke kuti athandize mbalame kuyenda kumwera.

Mbuzi imayimba bwanji

Nyimbo yamtundu uliwonse imakhala ndi mphindi zingapo ndi mafupikitsa koma ofulumira amatenga pafupifupi mphindi imodzi. Mbalameyi imatulutsa timitengo timeneti tikapuma. Izi zikufotokozera momwe amayimbira nthawi yayitali osayima. Mavesi awa ali ndi zolemba pafupifupi 1900 pamphindi, ndipo, kupenda pafupipafupi matrill ndi kutalika kwa mawu, ornithologists amasiyanitsa mbalame imodzi.

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Timapereka kuti timvere mawu a Mbuzi

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Kodi mbuzi zimadya chiyani?

Tizilombo, makamaka njenjete ndi kafadala, zimapanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya za mbuzi, chifukwa chake nyamayi imadyanso m'bandakucha komanso nthawi yamadzulo, pomwe tizilombo timagwira kwambiri. Kozodoi amawoneka ngati ma falcons, ndipo monga mbalame zamtunduwu, amatha kutembenuka mwachangu mlengalenga komanso pamwamba.

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Odyera mbuzi ali ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zoperekera:

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• "Mbawala", mbalame ikauluka m'mbuyo ndi mtsogolo, ikagwira tizilombo tomwe timabwera,
• "Zowukira", mbalame imakhala pa nthambi ndikudikirira gulugufe kapena cholakwika kuti adutsepo.

Milomo ya mbuzi imakhala ndi mipata yayikulu ikuluikulu yomwe "mabango" amakula - makamaka nthenga zopanda nthenga - zomwe zimathandiza mbalame kugwira nyama.

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Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Kozoda aku Russia

Kozodoi sakhala ochezeka. Amakhala awiriawiri nthawi yakukhwima ndipo amatha kusamukira m'magulu a 20 kapena kuposerapo. Gulu lankhondo la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha limatha kukhala ku Africa nthawi yachisanu. Amuna ndi amtunda ndipo amateteza mwamphamvu malo awo okhala pomenyana ndi amuna ena pamlengalenga kapena pansi. Masana, mbalame zimapuma, nthawi zambiri zimakhala moyang'anizana ndi dzuwa kuti muchepetse mthunzi wosiyana ndi thupi.

Gawo la zolemba za Kozodoy limayamba dzuwa litangotsala pang'ono kulowa ndipo m'bandakucha. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, nthawi yambiri imakhala pakati pausiku kuti mupumule komanso kuyeretsa. Mbalameyi imatha tsiku lonse kupumula pansi, pamtengo kapena pa nthambi. M'malo osakira, malo omwewo amapezekako kwa milungu ingapo. Ngozi ikafika, mbuzi imakhala yosayenda kwa nthawi yayitali. Pokhapokha pamene wowukira ayandikira mtunda wocheperako pomwe mbalameyo imanyamuka mwadzidzidzi, koma pambuyo 20itha mita imatsika. Mukamanyamuka, kumveka phokoso ndi mapiko awo.

Chosangalatsa: Nyengo yozizira komanso yovuta, mitundu ina ya mkaka wa mbuzi imatha kuchepetsa kagayidwe kake ndipo imasunga dzikolo kwa milungu ingapo. Potengedwa, mbuzi inkawonedwa, yomwe imatha kukhalanso yopanda tanthauzo kwa masiku asanu ndi atatu popanda kuvulaza thupi lake.

Kuuluka kumatha kuthamanga ngati liwongo, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kosalala ngati kuuluka kwa gulugufe. Wowimbidwa pansi, ndikupunthwa, thupi limayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Amakonda kusinthana ndi dzuwa ndikusamba fumbi. Monga mbalame zina, monga kusenda ndi maimeza, mbuzi zimamizidwa mwachangu m'madzi ndikusambitsidwa. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala ngati malalanje pakati, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa khungu komanso mwina kuchotsa tiziromboti.

Momwe mbuzi zimawonera, mawonekedwe a masomphenya

Mbalame zonse zimawona bwino, maso akulu ali kumbali zam'mutu, zomwe zimawonetsa masomphenya ozungulira. Palibe ma cell ku retina, chifukwa mbalame sizifunikira mawonekedwe amtundu, ndipo m'malo mwake zimakhala ndi ndodo zokhala ngati zozungulira. Ma membrane kumbuyo kwa retina, otchedwa tapetum, akuwonetsa kuwala komwe timitengo timadutsamo mu retina, komwe kumapangitsa maso a mbuzi kumvetsetsa kowonjezereka.Ndiwo gawo ili pansi pa kuunikira kochita kupanga komwe kumapangitsa kuti maso a mbalameyo athe.

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Masewera achimbuzi a mbuzi

Ikakhala pachibwenzi, yamphongo imawuluka mwamtundu "wowukira", imasinthana pakati pa mapiko osachedwa kupepuka okhala ndi mapiko otambalala, akukonzekera ndi mapiko okwera ndi mchira pansi. Pa mwambowu, mawanga oyera amawoneka bwino pafupi ndi nsonga za mapiko komanso mchira wamphongo. Ngati kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June mwezi udadzaza, ndiye kuti mkazi wa a Kozodoi ali pafupi kwambiri ndi lero. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti pofika mwezi wotsatira wathunthu mikhalidwe idzakhala yabwino kwambiri kugwira nsomba pakudya zazing'ono.

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Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Mbuzi ya Coc

Kubalana kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, koma kumatha kuchitika kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa kapena kumadzulo kwa Pakistan. Kubwereranso amuna kumafika pafupifupi milungu iwiri asikazi asanagawe madera, kutsatira olowera, kuwombera mapiko awo ndikupanga mawu owopsa. Kulimbana kumatha kuchitika kuthawa kapena pansi.

Ndege zowonetsa zazimuna zimaphatikizanso gawo lofananira lofanana ndi mapiko akuwuluka pafupipafupi pomwe iye atsatira mkaziyo ndikutuluka. Akaziwo akagwera, anyamatayo amapitilirabe kumayenda, kumanjenjemera mpaka kumenyedwa mpaka mnzakeyo atatambasulira mapiko ake ndi mchira kuti ayambe kutulutsa. Matenga nthawi zina amapezeka pamalo okwera osati pansi. Pamalo abwino, pakhoza kukhala magulu awiri 20 km km.

Mbuzi yaku Europe ndi mbalame yonyansa. Samamanga zisa, ndipo mazira amayikidwa pansi pakati pa mbewu kapena mizu ya mitengo. Malowa atha kukhala opanda nthaka, masamba agwa kapena singano za paini. Malowa agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Mu clutch pali, monga lamulo, dzira limodzi kapena awiri oyera ndi matuwa a bulauni ndi imvi. Mazira pafupifupi 32 mm × 22 mm ndipo amalemera 8.4 g, pomwe 6% ndi zipolopolo.

Chosangalatsa: Zimadziwika kuti mitundu ingapo ya mbuzi ikayika mazira awo milungu iwiri isanakwane mwezi wathunthu, mwina chifukwa tizilombo tosavuta kugwirana ndi mwezi wathunthu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti gawo la mwezi ndi gawo lomwe mbalame zimayikira mazira awo mu Juni, koma osati kwa iwo omwe amachita izi m'mbuyomu. Mofananamo akutanthauza kuti ana achiwiri mu Julayi azikhala ndi gawo labwino la mwezi.

Mazira amaikidwa pakadutsa maola 36-48, ndipo amawumbika makamaka ndi wamkazi, kuyambira dzira loyamba. Yaimuna imatha kuterera kwa nthawi yochepa, makamaka m'bandakucha. Ngati wamkazi wasokonezeka nthawi yobereketsa, amathawa kuchoka pachisa, kukoletsa vuto la mapiko, mpaka atasokoneza womuzunza. Dzira lililonse limagwira masiku 17-16. Mapaipi amapezeka masiku 16 mpaka 17, ndipo anapiye amayamba kudziimira pawokha patatha masiku 32 atawaswa. Ana achibiri amatha kuleredwa ndi ana awiri oyambilira, pomwe amasiya masamba owerengeka masiku angapo asanamwere okha. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana ndi mipira ya tizilombo.

Kodi Mbuzi imawopseza kutha

Chiwerengero cha mbuzi chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 930,000-2,100,000, koma kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwake kukuchepa, makamaka Kumpoto-West ndi North Europe. Kuchepetsedwa kwa zinyalala komanso kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kungakhale chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mbuzi kumadera ena, koma tsopano kuchuluka kwa anthu kukukulanso.

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Momwe mungapezere mbuzi pamalo ake

Madera otsika komanso malo osakazidwa posachedwa ndi malo omwe mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri Kozodoi amakhala wotanganidwa ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, kumaimba kwa ola limodzi dzuwa litalowa komanso kutacha. Amatha kumveka pamtunda wosachepera 200 metres, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka kilomita. Usikuentha ndi usana ndiye nthawi yabwino kumvetsera kuimbira kwa Mbuzi.

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Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimawulukira ndikuyang'ana mlendo. Maomba zofewa omwe amafanana ndi kufalikira kwa mapiko kukopa mbuzi, koma njira yopambana kwambiri ndikupukutira mpango utali wa mkono. Kuyenda uku kumatsimikizira kukugwa kwa mapiko oyera aimuna ndikusangalatsa mbalame. Osagwiritsa ntchito zojambulidwa ndi mbuzi zoyimbira, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri kubereka kwawo.

Kugonana kwamanyazi

Pamaso pa mbuzi, pamakhala mzere wowoneka bwino, ndipo timayala tating'onoting'ono timayang'ana mbali za pakhosi, pomwe amuna ndi khungu loyera, ndipo mwa akazi amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Amuna amadziwika ndi malo oyera kumapeto kwamapiko ndi m'mingala ya nthenga zakunja. Achinyamata amafanana ndi akazi achikulire pamaonekedwe.

Habitat, malo okhala

Mbuzi wamba imakhala m'malo otentha komanso kotentha pa gawo la kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa ndi Europe. Ku Europe, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kuphatikizapo zilumba zambiri za Mediterranean. Mbuzi zofala kwambiri zidakhala m'maiko a Eastern Europe komanso ku Iberia Peninsula. Ku Russia, mbalame zimapezeka kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kummawa. Kumpoto, oyimira amtunduwu amapezeka mpaka ku subtaiga zone. Mtundu wa mbalame womwe umakhala chinyama ndi moorland.

Malo otseguka komanso otseguka okhala ndi malo ouma komanso otenthetsedwa bwino okhala mbalame. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga bwino nesting ndi kukhalapo kwa zinyalala zowuma, komanso gawo loyang'ana bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa tizilombo touluka touluka. A Kozodoi akhazikika mofunitsitsa m'malo opezeka anthu, amakhala malo owoneka bwino, ochepa nkhalango zowirira ndi dothi lamchenga komanso malo owoneka bwino, m'mbali mwa malo ndi m'minda, m'mphepete mwa magombe ndi m'mipata. Kummwera chakum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa Europe, mitunduyi imapezeka m'mitundu yamchenga komanso yamiyala ya maquis.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chimawonedwa pakatikati pa Europe, pamiyala yosiyidwa ndi malo ophunzitsira ankhondo. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, nthumwi za mtengowo zimayala m'malo otetezeka ndipo zidamera ndi zitsamba zosowa. Malo okhala malo opezekapo ndi malo otsetsereka a mitengo ndi nkhalango zamasefukira. Monga lamulo, mbuzi wamba zimakhala m'madambo, koma m'malo abwino, mbalame zimatha kukhala m'malo omwe amakhala.

Mbuzi yodziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosamukasamuka yomwe imasuntha nthawi yayitali pachaka. Malo achitetezo a nthawi yozizira kwa oyimira mabungwe amasankho anali gawo la kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa. Gawo laling'onong'ono la mbalamezi limathanso kupita kumadzulo kwa Africa. Kusamukira kumachitika kutsogolo m'malo otakata, koma okhala wamba mbuzi pa ntchentete amakonda kukhala okha, motero sakhala gulu. Kunja kwa malo achilengedwe, maulendo apandege kupita ku Iceland, kupita ku Azores, Faroe ndi Canary Islands, komanso ku Seychelles ndi Madeira kwalembedwa.

Ntchito zachuma za anthu, kuphatikizaponso kudula kwakukulu kwa nkhalango komanso kukonza njanji zamoto, zikuthandizira kuchuluka kwa mbuzi wamba, koma misewu yambiri imakhala yovuta kwa anthu ambiri mbalame zotere.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Mbuzi wamba imafika pakukhwima pofika miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Amuna afika ku gawo lodyera pafupifupi milungu ingapo m'mbuyomu kuposa zazikazi. Pakadali pano, masamba amatuluka pamitengo ndi zitsamba, komanso tizilombo tambiri tambiri touluka. Madeti ofikapo amatha kusiyanitsa kuyambira pa Epulo (kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa komanso kumadzulo kwa Pakistan) mpaka zaka khumi zoyambirira za Juni (Leningrad Region). Nyengo yanyengo ndi kotentha kwa dera la Russia, gawo lalikulu la mbalamezo limagona malo okhala kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka chaka chatha cha Meyi.

Amuna akufika kumalo odyerako amayamba kukhwima. Nthawi imeneyi, mbalameyi imayimba kwa nthawi yayitali, ikukhala m'mbali mwa nthambi. Nthawi zina, amuna amasintha maudindo awo, amasankha kuchoka ku nthambi za chomera chimodzi kupita ku nthambi za mtengo wina. Wamphongoyo, atazindikira wamkazi, wasokoneza nyimbo yake, ndipo kuti akope chidwi chake amalira mofuula ndikuwomba mapiko. Njira ya chibwenzi chachimuna imayendetsedwa ndi kusinthasintha pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuwundana kawirikawiri mlengalenga malo amodzi. Pakadali pano, mbalameyi imasunga thupi lake moyang'anana, ndipo chifukwa cha mapiko ooneka ngati V, mapiko oyera amaonekera bwino.

Amphongo akuwonetsa kwa osankhidwa awo malo omwe angathe kudzisankhira mtsogolo. M'malo amenewa, mbalame zimagwera pansi komanso zimapatsa chidwi. Nthawi yomweyo, akazi achikulire amasankha malo awo a chisa. Apa ndipamene machitidwe osokoneza mbalame. Mbuzi zodziwika bwino sizimapanga zisa, ndipo kuyikira mazira kumachitika mwachindunji padziko lapansi, yokutidwa ndi zinyalala za pepala la chaka chatha, singano za spruce kapena fumbi la nkhuni. Chisa chachilendo choterocho chimakutidwa ndi masamba odabwitsa kapena nthambi zakugwa, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyang'ana kwathunthu ndi kuzungulira bwino pangozi pangozi.

Mowirikiza nthawi zambiri amapezeka zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi kapena sabata yoyamba ya June. Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri pamlaza wowoneka bwino ndi mbewa yoyera kapena yotuwa, pomwe pamakhala mbewa ya bulauni. Makulitsidwe kumakhala osakwana milungu itatu. Wamkazi amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, koma nthawi yamadzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri, yamphongo imatha kubwezeretsa. Mbalame yomwe imakhala pansi imakumana ndi adani kapena anthu mwakuwombera maso ake poopseza kuti isayang'ane kulowamo. Nthawi zina, mbuziyo imakonda kunamizira kuti yavulazidwa kapena kunenedwa, ndikutsegula pakamwa pake ndikufinya kwa mdani.

Anapiye omwe amabadwa ndi gawo la tsiku ndi tsiku amakhala atakutidwa ndi thonje lofiirira pamutu komanso mthunzi wopaka pansi. Ziphuphu zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu. Chodabwitsa cha anapiye a mbuzi wamba ndikutha kwawo, mosiyana ndi akuluakulu, kuyenda motsimikiza. M'masiku anayi oyamba, ana obadwa ndi ana amakhala ndi mkaka wokha, koma wamwamuna amakhudzidwanso pakudya. Usiku umodzi wokha, makolo ayenera kubweretsa tizilombo tokwana zana pachisa. Pazaka ziwiri zokha, ana amayesa kupita, koma anapiyewo amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pokhapokha atakwanitsa milungu itatu kapena inayi.

Ana obadwa kumene mbuzi amayamba kudzilamulira okha atakwanitsa milungu isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, pomwe ana onsewo amwazika m'maboma apafupi ndikukonzekera ulendo wawo wautali wa nthawi yozizira ku Africa kumwera kwa Sahara.

Adani achilengedwe

Mbuzi wamba mkati mwachilengedwe sizili ndi adani ambiri. Anthu samasaka mbalame zoterezi, ndipo pakati pa anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza Ahindu, Asipanya, ndi mafuko ena aku Africa, amakhulupirira kuti kupha wakupha mbuzi kungayambitse mavuto akulu. Adani akuluakulu amtunduwu ndi njoka zikuluzikulu kukula, mbalame zina zolusa ndi nyama. Komabe, kuwonongeka kokwanira komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi adaniwa ndizochepa.

Kuwala kochokera pamagetsi amagalimoto sikuti kumangokopa tizilombo tambiri usiku, komanso kufunafuna mbuzi wamba, ndipo magalimoto otanganidwa nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kufa kwa mbalame zotere.

Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya mitundu

Mpaka pano, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbuzi imasiyanitsidwa, kusiyanasiyana komwe kukufotokozedwa pakusintha mu utoto wathunthu wazokwanira komanso kukula kwake konse. Masapulogalamu a Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Linnaeus omwe amakhala kumpoto ndi pakati pa Europe, ndipo oimira Caprimulgus europaeus meridionalis Hartert amapezeka nthawi zambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, ku Iberian Peninsula komanso kumpoto kwa Mediterranean.

Kukhazikika kwa caprimulgus europaeus sarudnyi Hartert ndi Central Asia. Ma subspecies a Caprimulgus europaeus unwini Hume amapezeka ku Asia, komanso ku Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan. Gawo la magawo a Caprimulgus europaeus plumipes Przewalski likuyimiridwa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China, kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia, ndipo ma subspecies a Caprimulgus europaeus dementievi Stegmann amapezeka kumwera kwa Transbaikalia, kumpoto chakum'mawa. Pakadali pano, mndandanda wabwinobwino wa zolengedwa zosowa, zachilengedwe zomwe zatayidwa kale, mbuzi wamba wapatsidwa mwayi wokhala wopanda nkhawa iliyonse.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Mbudzi ya Mbuzi

Ziwerengero za mbuzi zaku Europe zachokera ku 470,000 mpaka mbalame zoposa 1 miliyoni, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti padziko lonse lapansi padzakhala anthu 2 mpaka 6 miliyoni. Ngakhale chiwerengero chikuchepa, sichichedwa kuganiza kuti mbalamezi zitha kutetezedwa. Malo akuluakulu osakira amatanthauza kuti nyamazo zimagawidwa kuti ndizoperewera ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Ziwerengero zazikulu kwambiri za kubereka ndizaku Russia (mpaka 500,000 awiriawiri), Spain (awiriawiri) ndi Belarus (awiriawiri 60,000). Pakhala kutsika kwina kwa anthu ambiri osiyanasiyana, makamaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe.

Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuphatikiza kuwombana ndi magalimoto komanso kuchepa kwa malo okhala kunathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Pokhala mbalame yokhala pansi, mbuzi amakonda zoopsa za agalu am'nyumba zomwe zimatha kuwononga chisa. Kubereketsa bwino kumakhala kwambiri kumadera akutali. Komwe kulowa kumaloledwa, makamaka makamaka komwe eni agalu amalola kuti ziweto zawo zizithamanga momasuka, zisa zabwino bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutali ndi njira zoyenda anthu kapena nyumba za anthu.