Gulugufe Brazhniki - Oyimira bwino padziko lonse lapansi la tizilombo. Amakonda amatchedwa "hummingbirds kumpoto" kapena sphinxes chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndi njira yachilendo yodyetsa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya njenjete, iliyonse ili ndi mtundu wake, wapadera pamapiko ndi kumbuyo kwake. Chifukwa chake, gulugufe ndi Wine Hogweed wokhala ngati burgundy, ngati vinyo wofiirira, wofiyira, komanso Mutu wakufa wa Brazhnik kumbuyo kwake kuli ndi chithunzi chomwe chimawoneka ngati chigaza chenicheni.

Mtundu wa gulugufe umatengera zomera zomwe zikukhala, momwe zimadyetsedwera. Ambiri a Brazhnikov ali ndi utoto wowala, mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yotsekereza kumbuyo kowala bwino ndi malo akulu mawonekedwe amaso akulu kumbuyo.

Mu chithunzi, khungubwi ndi mutu wakufa.

Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala gulugufe

Hornwort ndi gulugufe wamkulu, wolemera wokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, looneka ngati mapiko komanso lalitali, lomwe limafikira 35 - 175 mm. Zolembera za ma Brazhnikov onse ndi zazitali, zooneka ngati mbewa, zokhala ndi molo woongoka.

Maso a gulugufe lozungulira, lotseguka limakutidwa ndi nsidze zowoneka kuchokera kumwamba. Phula limakhala lolimba, nthawi zambiri lalitali kuposa thupi. Ma paws amatakhala ndi mizere ingapo ya ma spikes olimba. Mimba ya Brazhnika imakutidwa ndi miyeso, yomwe imakwanira kumapeto burashi kapena burashi lonse.

Mapiko akutsogolo a gulugufe ndi akulu, ali ndi chiwonetsero cholunjika, m'mphepete lakunja ndi ngakhale kapena chosema. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi ochepa pang'ono, amakulidwira m'mphepete kumbuyo, ndipo amakhala ndi osaya kumapeto.

Mbozi za Brazhnikov zimatha kupezeka pa masamba a elm, birch, linden, alder, ochepa chestnut, apulo, peyala kuyambira kumapeto kwa June. Chithunzi cha Brazhnik agulugufe amatha kuwoneka munkhaniyi, koma agulugufe amoyo ndi okongola kwambiri.

Makhalidwe ndi gulugufe wamoyo

Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya a Brazhniks omwe amakhala. Onsewa amakhala ndi zochita zina nthawi zina masana: ena masana, ena usiku, enanso nthawi yamadzulo kapena mamawa. Ambiri mwa mitundu iyi ya ma Brazhnik amaonedwa kuti ndi osowa, amalembedwa mu Red Book.

Brazhnik imawuluka mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuuluka imafanana ndi ndege ya ndege yomwe imawuluka ndi mtundu wotsika. Imachitika chifukwa cha kuthwanitsa kwamapiko kawiri, sekondi imodziyo imapanga 52.

Ambiri Mitundu ya Brazhnikov amafanana ndi mbalame zazing'ono monga Oleander hawk, Mutu Wakufa, Ordinary Yazyk ndi Wine Hogwarts, amayenda maulendo ataliatali akulukauluka kuchokera ku kontrakitala kupita ku kontrakitala kapena kuchokera kumalekezero amdzikoli kupita kwina.

Mu chithunzi oleander brazhnik

Zithunzi zokhala ndi gulugufe nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala komanso zowoneka bwino. Ophthalmic hawthorn ndi mapiko akutsogolo 32-42 mm kutalika, ali ndi mapiko a 64-82 mm. Mapiko akutsogolo a gulugufe atambasulidwa pamwamba, ndili ndi m'mphepete losema, lopakidwa utoto ndi mawonekedwe amwala akuda.

Kumbuyo kwa Brazhnik kumakongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chachikulu, chofiirira. Mapiko akumbuyo akumunsi kwa thupi la gulugufe ndi wofiirira, pamaso pakepo malo akuluakulu amawoneka ofanana ndi maso akuda okhala ndi mphete ya buluu mkati. Masharubu a kachilomboka adasungidwa.

Fodya Hogwash amakhala kumadera otentha a South America, amapezeka kumpoto kwa USA. Imayesedwa ngati tizilombo tofesa m'minda ya fodya, chifukwa chikhalidwe ichi ndicho chakudya chachikulu cha mbozi. Pamimba, hawthorn iyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa, okhala ndi awiriawiri a mabwalo ofiira - achikaso.

Mu chithunzi, fodya adagawika

Linden adagawana imakhala ndi mapiko a 62 mpaka 80 mm. M'mphepete mwa mapiko ake amaso timatha. Utoto wamapikowo umakhala wowoneka ngati wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira. Potengera maziko awa, mawanga awiri akulu, osasamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizana amachoka.

Mapiko a mphuno akhungu ndi mzere wakuda. Mchimba wa gulugufeyu ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira kumbali, pupa wakuda amatha nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka. Gulugufe amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma za ku Europe ndi Western Siberia, m'minda ya Asia Minor ndi Caucasus. Ikuwuluka mwachangu kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mbadwo wachiwiri wa tizilombo ungayambike.

Gulugufe hawthorn

Anthu ambiri a ku Brazhnikov amadya timadzi tokongola tambiri, pomwe sakhala pamaluwa, koma amapachika ndi kuyamwa timadzi tokoma tambiri. Kuuluka kumeneku kumadziwika kuti ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndi ma aerobatics, si tizilombo tonse tomwe tili nayo, koma sikuti timathandizira kuti mungu ubowolere mbewu.

Anthu ena a ku Brazhniki amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito uchi wa njuchi. Chifukwa chake gulugufe Mutu wakufa umabowola ming'oma usiku, ndikuwadumphadumpha ndikutsata kukuwa kwa njuchi, kulowa mumng'oma, kulasa uchiwo ndi thunthu lolimba ndikuyamwa uchi.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Gulugufe wa Brazilhniki amakhala masiku angapo, nthawi yawo yamoyo imatengera nkhokwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi pakukula. Zamoyo zonse zimakhala pafupifupi masiku 30-45, nthawi ya chilimwe mibadwo iwiri ya tizilombo nthawi zina imakula.

Hogwarts ndi tizilombo timene timasinthasintha. Muli magawo anayi: dzira, mphutsi (kapena mbozi), chrysalis, gulugufe - kachilombo wamkulu. Ma pheromones, omwe amatsegulidwa ndi tiziwiti tachikazi, timathandiza mwamunayo kupeza awiri amtundu wake.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatenga mphindi 23 mpaka maola angapo, pomwe anzathuwo amakhalabe chete. Kenako chachikazi chimayikira mazira okhathamira nthawi yomweyo, mumkhalamo mumakhala zidutswa zosakwana 1000, kutengera mtundu.

Caterpillar

Miyesoyo imalumikizana ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira cha mbozi. Brazhnik Katseki aonekere patsiku la 2- 4. Amagwira ntchito kwambiri, amathanso mpweya wabwino ndi chakudya, zomwe zimawathandiza kukula ndi kukula msanga.

Makungu a shredderhog ndi oyenereradi kupulumuka: Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu yowala, yakuda komanso yolimba, ina ikumata khungu la sing'anga, yosintha mawonekedwe, ina imaphutsa fungo losasangalatsa chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa zinthu zakupha m'thupi.

Ambiri aiwo amadya masamba a mbewu zomwe adasungira. Kuthengo ndi minda sikubweretsa mavuto kwa mbozi za ku Brazhnik, chifukwa zimangodya masamba ang'onoang'ono. Amakhala otakataka makamaka nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku.

Atapeza mphamvu zokwanira ndi michere, mboziyo imalowa munthaka ndikugundika komweko. At chrysalis pupae Pansi pamayima nyanga yaying'ono, yomwe ili pafupifupi mitundu yonse.

Gawo la ana limatenga pafupifupi masiku 18, pomwe kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika - kuphatikizika kwathunthu kwa thupi, kusintha kosangalatsa kwa mphutsi za Brazhnik kukhala gulugufe wachikulire wamkulu.

Tizilombo topsa timamasulidwa ku coco youma, timatambasulira mapiko ake ndikuwawuma. Atapeza mwayi wouluka, gulugufe nthawi yomweyo imapita kukafunafuna bwenzi, kuti moyo wa cholengedwa ichi usasokonezedwe.

Mitundu yambiri ya ma Brazhnik ali mu Buku Lofiira la Russia, komanso m'mabuku a Red Red. Tizilombo timene timawononga maudzu ambiri ndipo timangokongoletsa dziko lathu lapansi.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Butterfly hawthorn

Gulugufe wa Brazhnik ndi wa tizilombo ta arthropod, amagawidwa ku Lepidoptera, banja la ophwanya. Dzina la imodzi mwazidziwitso zodziwika bwino za masanjidwe a hawthorn ndi mutu wakufa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti fano lofanana ndi chigaza limayikidwa kunsi kwa mutu. Ndi gulugufe uyu ndiye ngwazi ya nthano zambiri zikhulupiriro zambiri.

Mtunduwu udawerengeredwa ndikufotokozedwa m'zaka za zana la 20 ndi wasayansi Heinrich Prell. Zilombo zamtunduwu nthawi zonse zimayambitsa chidwi chosaneneka. Agulugufewa akale anali kutengedwa ngati amithenga a mavuto ndi zizindikiro zakulephera komanso matenda. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati kachilombo komwe kanaperekedwa mwadzidzidzi kakalowa munyumba yamunthu, ndiye kuti imfa ibwera posachedwa. Panalinso chizindikiro choterocho: ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalowa m'diso, posakhalitsa munthuyo amayamba kuchita khungu ndikuwona.

Kufotokozera

Gulugufe wamkulu kapena wapakatikati, wokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, lotayidwa nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwake ndi mapiko aafupi, otalika. Wingspan 30-175 mm, m'mitundu yambiri 80-100 mm. Antennae ndiwotalika, wopanga mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mloza komanso ngati mbedza. Maso ali ozungulira, opanda kanthu, nthawi zambiri ophimbidwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri. Proboscis nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali kwambiri, kangapo kutalika kuposa kutalika kwa thupi, nthawi yocheperako, nthawi zina imachepetsedwa. Mtundu wautali kwambiri pakati pa akambuku (ndi tizilombo tonse) uli m'gulu la ku South America Amphimoea Walkeri - Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 28, omwe amatalika kanayi kuposa thupi lonse. Malamba a Labial amakula bwino, amawerama m'mwamba, atakutidwa ndi mamba panja, nthawi zambiri amasenda mkati. Ma paws amakhala ndi mizere ingapo yazifupi yolimba. Mimba imakutidwa ndi masikelo oyandikana omwe amatengedwa kumapeto ngati burashi kapena burashi lonse. Mapiko akutsogolo nthawi zopitilira kawiri kuposa utali wawo, okhala ndi pepala lakuthwa. Mphepete yawo yakunja imakhala yofanana kapena yosemedwa, yokhala ndi mitsempha yayikulu pakati pa mitsemayo, yolembedwera mwamphamvu m'malire, nthawi zina yozungulira. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi nthawi yayitali kupitirira 1.5 kupyapyala kwawo, amakwiriridwa kumbali yakumbuyo, ndikamaso kopanda m'mphepete lakunja kutsogolo kwa kona. Chokoleza nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa bwino, nthawi zina chosankhika.

Utoto wamadzulo ndiusiku, koma mitundu ina ndi akambuku wamba (Macroglossum stellatarum) ndi maumboni (Hemaris) kuuluka masana okha. Szhekodina wocheperako kapena mphesa zazing'ono (Sphecodina caudata) yogwira m'mawa. M'malo otentha, mitundu yambiri imapereka m'badwo umodzi pachaka, nthawi zambiri - mibadwo iwiri.

Makwati ndi akulu kwambiri, ali ndi miyendo isanu ya miyendo. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawonekedwe amaso. Mitengo yamapamba imamera makamaka pamitengo yamtchire ndi shrub, nthawi zambiri - pamamera udzu, imadziwika ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kudya chomera chimodzi chokha kapena zingapo zogwirizana; mitundu ya polyphagous ndiyosowa pakati pa njenjete. Mitundu ina imadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo tina taulimi ndi nkhalango. Munkhalango, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya conifers ndi mitundu yayikulu yodwala imawonongeka pang'ono, m'minda, zipatso ndi miyala yamiyala. Kumapeto kwa thupi la mboziyo nthawi zambiri pamakhala kukula kwamphamvu - "nyanga". Amphaka amphaka amagwira masana komanso usiku.

Chiphuphuchi chimasiyanitsidwa ndikuti kumapeto kwakumbuyo kumakhala ndi kukweza mwanjira ya nyanga, komwe ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe imasiyidwa.

Kanema: Gulugufe

Mu zoyezera zoweta, gulugufe wa brazhnik amapezeka pansi pa dzina la acherontia atropos. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, dzina la gulugufeyu limayimira dzina la amodzi mwa magwero amadzi muufumu wa akufa. Poyamba, akatswiri odziwa zinyama adakhulupirira kuti agulugufe amawonekera padziko lapansi patatha kuoneka maluwa. Komabe, chiphunzitsochi sichinatsimikiziridwe pambuyo pake. Kukhazikitsa nthawi yeniyeni yowonekera kwa agulugufe padziko lapansi ndikovuta. Izi ndichifukwa choti Lepidoptera ali ndi thupi losalimba.

Kupeza zotsalira za makolo akale a agulugufe amakono ndikosatheka. Kwambiri amapezeka mzidutswa kapena utoto. Zomwe zapezedwa zakale kwambiri za makolo amakono a Lepidoptera amakono zaka 140-180 miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, asayansi amati gulugufe woyamba wakale, wofanana ndi njenjete pakuwonekera, adawoneka padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 280 miliyoni zapitazo. Gulugufe wamtunduwu amagawidwa m'magulu ambiri, omwe ali ndi mbali zakezake.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Hummingbird-ngati hawthorn

Nyama za mphuno zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Zizindikiro za Lepidoptera yamtunduwu:

• thupi lalikulu
• mapiko aatali onenepa. Poterepa, mapiko akutsogolo ndiwotalikirapo kuposa awiriwo. Pakupumula, nthawi zambiri mapiko ocheperako amabisika pansi pa tsamba lotsika, kapena akhola ngati nyumba.
• matayala opanda mikanda yozungulira kumapeto,
• thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi khungwa la mitengo.

Mapiko a agulugufewa amayambira 3 mpaka 10 centimeter. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 10-11. Mu mitundu yamtunduwu ya Lepidoptera, zithunzi zakugonana zimafotokozedwa. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kuchuluka kwa munthu wamkulu wamkazi ndi magawo 3-9, amuna - 2-7 magalamu.

Kukula, kulemera kwa thupi ndi mtundu wake ndizomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi subspecies. Mwachitsanzo, woimira wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi antaeus. Mapiko ake ndi mainchesi 16 mpaka 17. Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi kandalama kakang'ono. Mapiko a mapiko ake sapitirira 2-3 mm. Ma Hogwarts a Wine ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amtundu wakuda. Mtundu umatsimikizidwanso makamaka ndi dera la malo okhala ndi zakudya.

Gulugufe amakhala ndi tinyanga tomwe timatha kukhala totalika mosiyanasiyana, fusiform kapena ndodo. Amaloledwa komanso kuwerama. Amuna, ndi osiyana kwambiri kuposa akazi. Zida zapakamwa za kambowo zimayimiridwa ndi buluzi wamtambo, wowonda. Kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala kangapo kukula kwa thupi, ndikufika masentimita 15-17. Mtundu wautali kwambiri ndi nyama ya Madagascar, kutalika kwake kupitilira masentimita 30. M'mabuku ena, ndizofupikira kapena zopangika. Munthawi yomwe agulugufe samadya, amangolungika mu chubu.

Pamilomo ya agulugufe pali maukonde opangidwa bwino, omwe amawerama ndi yokutidwa ndi mamba. Tizilomboti tili ndi maso akuluakulu owoneka bwino. Amakutidwa ndi nsidze. Omwe amapezeka mwaumbanda amapangidwa kukhala ziwalo. Ndi chithandizo chawo, tizilombo sizimangosiyanitsa mitundu, komanso zimatha kujambula ma infrared owoneka. Thupi la kachiromboka ndi wokutidwa ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani villi. Pamapeto pa thupi, ma villi amatengedwa mu burashi kapena pigtail. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono takulitsa minofu ya pectoral, chifukwa chomwe amatha kupanga kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kodi gulugufe wa hawthorn amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Hedgehog mwachilengedwe

Mtundu wa lepidopteran ndi wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a thermophilic. Ngakhale pali ma subspecies ambiri, ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi malo otentha. Ma subspecies ena amapezeka m'malo otentha padziko lapansi.

Dera lokhala ndi gulugufe:

Pa gawo la Russia kulibe zopitilira makumi asanu. Mitundu yambiri ya agulugufe imasankha madera okhala ndi masamba owuma ngati malo okhala. Komabe, pali ma subspecies omwe amakhala kumadera achipululu ku Eurasia. Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa hawthorn imatengedwa agulugufe a usiku. Chifukwa chake, masana, amapezeka pakhungwa la mitengo, pa zitsamba.

Tizilombo touluka timakhala touluka m'magazi, choncho tisanawuluke timapukutira mapiko awo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwachangu, kumatenthetsa thupi kutentha. M'malo otentha, mphutsi zimawuluka chaka chonse. M'malo otentha, amalola nyengo yozizira kuti ikhale yozizira. Kuti apulumuke malinga ndi kuzizira komwe kukubwera, chimapa chimabisala m'nthaka kapena m'mbewu.

Mitundu ina imasamukira ndikutentha nyengo yotentha kumayiko otentha. Pali mitundu yomwe, m'malo mwake, imasamukira ndi nthawi yoyambira chilimwe kupita kumadera akumpoto kwambiri. Kusunthika sikumakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo zokha, komanso kuchuluka kwa malo okhala. M'madera atsopano, amapanga mabanja osakhalitsa ndi kubereka ana.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe gulugufe wa brazhnik amakhala, tiyeni tidziwe zomwe zimadya.

Kodi chimadya chiyani chimakhala ngati gulugufe?

Chithunzi: Butterfly hawthorn

Gwero lalikulu lazakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa achikulire ndi timadzi tokongola ta maluwa, tomwe tili ndi michere yambiri. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi yayitali ya gulugufe ndi yochepa kwambiri, imakhala ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali. Lepidoptera amakonda kudya timadzi tamitundu tosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu ndi gawo la kukula.

Chingagwire ntchito ngati chakudya:

• popula,
• nyanja
• lilac,
• rasipiberi,
• dala,
• belu,
• mitengo yazipatso - maula, chitumbuwa, mtengo wa maapozi,
• jasmine,
• tomato
• timadzi tokoma,
• mphesa
• kuwaza,
• thundu.

Chosangalatsa: Mphutsi za hawthorn wa fodya zimawonedwa kuti ndi zakupha, chifukwa zimadya masamba a fodya ndikudziunjikira zapoizoni m'zomera. Imakhala ndi mtundu wake, womwe umawopa mbalame zomwe zimadya, komanso umalavula matalala, ukupanga mawu ake.

Palinso mitundu ina yaambulu yomwe imatha kudya uchi, kukwera mumng'oma. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, tizilombo timatha kusangalala ndi maswiti ndikukhala otetezeka kwathunthu komanso zomveka. Amatha kupanga mawu ofanana ndi njuchi. A proboscis wamphamvu amathandiza kubowola uchiwo mosavuta.

Brazhniki ali ndi njira yodabwitsa yazakudya. Amapachikika pamtengowo ndipo mothandizidwa ndi thunthu lalitali amayamwa timadzi tokoma. Ndizachilendo kuti palibe chamoyo china chilichonse chomwe chitha kuchita izi. Ndi njira yodyetsera tizilombo sizimayenda mungu.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Hog-fly fly

Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yayikulu yamaphunziro a hawthorn. Iliyonse ya masanjidwe amodzi amadziwika ndi zochitika munthawi yosiyana masana. Pali akambuku omwe amakonda kutsogola nthawi yamadzulo, masana kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Mitundu yamtunduwu ya agulugufe imayamba kuthamanga kwambiri. Pothawa, amapanga mawu, okumbukira kulira kwa ndege.

Chosangalatsa: Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kuperekedwa ndi kuwuluka kwamapiko mwachangu. Gulugufe amapanga zikwapu zoposa 50 pa sekondi imodzi!

Agulugufe ena amawoneka ngati mbalame zazing'ono. Amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, akuwuluka kuchokera kumalekezero ena amapita kumayiko ena, kapenanso kuchokera ku kontinenti.

Mitundu ya agulugufe iyi imadziwika ndi mtundu wina wa kudyetsa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, sikuti maluwa aliwonse amatha kupirira gulugufe. Chifukwa cha izi, zimapachika pamtengowo ndikuyamwa timadzi tokoma ndi thunzi lalitali. Imawuluka kuchoka pamtundu wina kupita kwina kufikira itakwaniritsidwa bwino. Gulugufeyo ikakwaniritsa njala, imawuluka, ikunjenjemera pang'ono-pang'ono.

Mitundu ina yakuba, kuphatikiza "mutu wakufa" panthawi yomwe ikuyandikira, imatulutsa mawu omwe amakhala ngati kukuwa kwakukulu. Amatha kupanga mawu ngati awa chifukwa cha mlengalenga omwe amatulutsidwa m'matumbo akunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwedezeka kwamtundu wa zida zapakamwa.

Zojambula ndi kakhalidwe

Mungamvetse bwanji kuti patsogolo panu pali gulugufe wa brazhnik? Yang'anirani mawonekedwe ake:

• Akuluakulu amatha kutalika mpaka 11 masentimita, pomwe phenoscis imafika 10 cm.
• Kuthamanga kwa hawk kumakhala mpaka 50 km pa ola limodzi.
• Agulugufe ali ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino.
• Mabava a hawthorn amafika masentimita 12,5.
• Nyanga imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa tizilombo.
• Asanasinthe pupae kukhala gulugufe, kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika.
• Brazhnik imawoneka ngati mlendo - "zovala" zake zimakhala zachilendo kwambiri.

Kodi ndizoyenera kuchita mantha ndi kambuku kwa nzika za chilimwe?

Maziko azakudya zamtunduwu ndi amchere onunkhira.. Chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe kuli maluwa ndi zitsamba zambiri, ndizofala kwambiri. Mutha kuwona momwe khungubwi limakhalira kukhazikika pamaluwa omwe ali pach maluwa. Amapezeka kawirikawiri m'mundamo - nthawi zambiri zochitika zokhazokha zimalembedwa. Kukula kwa anthu akusintha kwambiri pachaka ndipo zimatengera nyengo. Chifukwa chake pazaka zozizira, pali kambuku ochepa, ndipo kutentha kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Mphesa sizimayambitsa masoka ambiri - zimadyera masamba achichepere, koma osati pamlingo wokulirapo, kuti mbewuzo zitha kuchira msanga. Kudzikundikira kwa tizilombo totere ndikosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ngati munaona mbozi, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudandaula ndi mbewuyo, ndibwino kungosamutsa mosamala kuchokera patsamba lanu kupita pamalo otetezedwa, chifukwa kachilombo kameneka kali m'Buku Lofiyira.

Kudya

Kuyambira kale, amakhulupirira kuti njenjete ya brazhnik ndi njira yokhotakhota yamavuto akulu. Mwinanso chifukwa chomwe amantha kwambiri ndi kudana kwambiri ndigona pa mawonekedwe a gulugufe. Kumbuyo kwa mitundu ina mutha kuwona mawonekedwe owopsa - ngati kuti chigaza ndi mawonekedwe amtanda akuwonekera pa thupi. Kuti muwone momwe njenjete imawonekera, mutha kusaka zithunzi ndi funso loti "chithunzi cha njuchi. Chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azingoganiza kuti ndi kachilombo kosasangalatsa.

Brazhniki pachikhalidwe

Kwa anthu amatsenga, kukumana ndi kambuku ndikochitika kowopsa. Gulugufe wotchedwa "mutu wakufa" adasandulika ngwazi ndi nkhani. Tizilombo timeneti ndi omwe amati ndi matenda, imfa, komanso nkhondo. Zikhulupiriro zina zidakalipobe - kotero anthu aku Mexico amakhulupirira kuti ngati ntchentche kuchokera kumapiko a kaphokoso italowa m'maso, mutha kukhala wakhungu.

Maumboni owopsa a gulugufe amapezeka m'mabuku ndi mafilimu. Chifukwa chake mu kanema "Silence of the lambs" wolemba Jonathan Demmy, maniac amaika chidole cha hawk omwe amamuzunza pakamwa. Muino, kutengera momwe filimuyo idawomberedwa, mtundu wina udasankhidwa - Acherontia styx, koma mufilimuyi timawona mutu wakufa wa hawk-moth.

Edgar Allan Poe atchulapo gulugufeyu mu nkhani ya Sphinx - pali kachilombo komwe kamakwawa pa intaneti pawindo. A Alexander Belyaev amalankhula za chithunzithunzi chomwecho mu nkhani yakufa mutu.

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zake, Van Gogh adatcha "Brazhnik mutu wakufa." Komabe, molakwika adajambula gulugufe wina wotchedwa Peacock-eye peyala. Chithunzicho chidapatsidwa dzina latsopano mu Museum of the Artist ku Amsterdam, natcha dzina la "Imperial Butterfly."

Kodi gulugufeyu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Khungubwi la tizilombo silikhala lalitali. Nthawi yozungulira imakhala ndi magawo anayi. Choyamba, chachikazi chimayikira dzira, pomwe mphutsi zimawonekera patatha masiku 2-4. Khwangwala amasintha kukhala chrysalis, pambuyo pake munthu wamkulu amabadwa. Kuti akope chidwi cha amuna, pheromone wapadera amasulidwa. Pambuyo pa mating, omwe amatha maola angapo, gulugufe amayikira mazira pamizimba.

Kutalika kwa zinthu za tizilombozi kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu:

• fodya wakhasu amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi,
• Mitundu ina imangokhala masiku owerengeka ndipo imafa pambuyo poti mazira atsopano ayikidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amadya zosungirako zomwe zidapangidwa kale. Gulu la agulugufe pano lafika.

Mitundu ya Ma Hogwarts

Wine Hogweed (yemwenso amatchedwa "Grape Hog" kapena "Pink Hog") amapezeka pampesa. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi utoto wowala, kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso chowoneka chakuthwa.

Lilac hawthorn ndi amodzi mwa agulugufe akuluakulu omwe amakongoletsa banja la hawthorn. Mapiko ake amayambira 90 mpaka 120 mm. Mapiko kumbuyo ndi apinki; mphete zimatha kuwoneka pamimba, zina zomwe ndi zapinki ndipo zina ndi zofiirira. Lilac hawthorn amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi proboscis - kutalika kwake kuli kofanana ndi thupi la kachilombo. Chimbudzi chimatha kukhala cha mitundu iwiri - chobiriwira kapena chofiirira.

Brazhnik - chovunda chamtundu waovala pang'ono. Zowonadi, monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, ndizosavuta kupeza zinthu wamba ndi agulugufe komanso mbalame. Nthabwala zachilengedwe - zovala za hummingb ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri, kulemera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosaposa 2 g, ndipo akambuku ndi atsogoleri pakati pa agulugufe kukula kwake. Mukamadya maluwa, tizilombo sikhala pansi, koma amawoneka ngati atapachikika, ndikugwedeza mapiko awo mwachangu. Mbalame yaying'ono ikuwoneka kuti ikuyenda pamwamba pa bud. Pakatikati pa Russia, imodzi mwazinyama ndizodziwika bwino ndizolemba.

Linden boletus imadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha mapiko akutsogolo okhala ndi mbali zolumikizana, kutalika kwake kungakhale kuyambira 60 mpaka 80 mm. Ndipo apa tili ndi zithunzi za agulugufe akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mtunduwu umachokera ku zobiriwira za azitona mpaka kutu. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi achikasu achikasu. Chimbudzi cha mtunduwu ndiobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira komanso yachikaso. Mutha kuziwona m'chilimwe pa birch, alder ndi linden.

Gulugufe wa usiku wa Brazhnik samatetezedwa ku zoopsa zomwe zimakhala m'malo ake zachilengedwe kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, mavu ndi zisa zitha kuyikira mazira pamwamba pa gulugufe kapena pupa. Zomera zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zamkati za kambuku popeza chakudya. Nctctalal shredder amathanso kufa chifukwa cha mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito, komanso kudya ndi mbalame. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo timakakamizidwa kudziteteza, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, mphutsi za mbawala zam'madzi zimatha kutsanzira kufa ndikamenyedwa ndi mbalame. Mwa njira, nayi mndandanda wa njenjete zonse.

Nthawi zina mbozi zimawopseza adani - kutsogolo kwa thupi kumadzuka, tiziromboti timawuma pomwepo. Pakachitika ngozi, gulugufe wa hawthorn amatha kulowa m'mimba kwambiri.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za Hogwarts

Hogweed samangokhala wowala komanso wokopa. Zina zokhudzana ndi izi:

• Gulugufe wamutu wakufa ndiwowonereratu zachilengedwe. Khungubwi imabera njuchi - imawulukira mumng'oma ndikuyamba kulira mwamakhalidwe, kenako kubaya uchiwo ndi proboscis ndi regales pa uchi. Koma nthawi zina njuchi zimamvetsetsa tsokalo, kumenya wakuba, kumuluma kuti afe kenako ndikumunyamula mumng'oma.
• Mbali inanso yamtunduwu - panthawi yangozi imayamba kulira kwambiri komanso kufinya.
• Pakamphindi kamodzi, kachilombo kamatha kuphimba mtunda wautali ndi 25,000 kuposa thupi lake.
• Mu Middle Ages, lilac hawthorn anali wamantha, chifukwa imawerengedwa kuti ndi harbinger wakufa.
• Kuchokera ku Latin, dzina la "hawcorn" la vinyo limatanthauzidwa kuti "nkhumba." Kuchokera patali, zikuwoneka kuti kachilomboka ndi pinki kwathunthu.

Kuteteza kwa Hogwaters

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakondo ikuwoneka bwino, koma kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuchepa. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo:

• kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimadya mbozi kumachuluka
• zitsamba zidulidwa, udzu watenthedwa,
• chakudya mbewu amathandizidwa ndi zinthu poizoni agulugufe.

Ku Russia, nyengo zabwino kwambiri za zigamba ku Transcaucasia - chifukwa cha nyengo yofatsa, pupae imalekerera nthawi yozizira mosavuta. Mu Red Book la Hawks analowa mmbuyo mu 1984.

M'madera ena omwe agulugufe ali pafupi kutha, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zatenthedwa ndizochepa, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi hawthorn pupae. Njira zosavuta izi koma zothandiza zimatha kusunga mawonekedwe osawoneka komanso zimathandizira kukulira kwa mitundu yokongola.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Mpaka pano, mitundu ya 1224 ya hawthorn imadziwika. Mwa iwo, pafupifupi mitundu 50 imakhala ku Russia. Ambiri adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Woyimitsa chidwi kwambiri ndi vinyo wankhonya. Ichi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mapiko apakati pa masentimita 4-8. Thupi ndi mapiko a hawthorn wa utoto amapenta utoto wofiirira, wachikasu ndi maolivi.

Pali mitundu itatu yam'madzi yamavinyo, yosiyana ndi kukula kwa thupi:

• kachikwama kakang'ono kavinyo,
• barbar wavinji wapakati (wolemba mu Red Book of Belgorod Region, Karelia),
• kuchuluka kwavinyo ndikokulira.
• Moyo

Mitundu yambiri yamakoko siusiku, kubisala mumitengo masana. Nyama zam'madzi zimadya timadzi tokongola ta maluwa.

Mtundu uliwonse umakonda kumwa madzi amtundu winawake wa mbewu. Izi ndizomwe zimayimira mayina awo enieni (mphesa, thundu, fodya ndi akatundu ena). Agulugufe achikulire a mitundu ina samadya ndipo amakhala ndi moyo masiku ochepa.

Hogwarts ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala ku America, Europe, Australia, Africa.

M'malo otentha, nkhumba zimawuluka ndi kubala ana chaka chonse. Kanyengo kanyengo, pupae wawo hibernate, wobisala pansi.

M'nyengo yotentha, mitundu ina imasamukira kumwera kupita kumpoto (lilime lamadder, mutu wakufa). Kusunthika sikungakhale kwakanthawi: kukachulukana kumachitika, akuba amayang'ana malo atsopano kuti akhalemo.

Kukula

Nthawi ya moyo wa khungubwi imakhala ndi magawo anayi: dzira, mphutsi (mbozi), pupa, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Mu Meyi-Juni, agulugufe achikulire amatuluka pachimbudzi. Nthawi yakuswana iyamba.

Udindo wofunikira pakuchita izi umaseweredwa ndi ma ferromones opangidwa ndi akazi kuti akope amuna. Kutengera ndi kutalika kwa maola masana nthawi yachilimwe, gulugufe amaikira mazira katatu.

Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, zazikazi zamitundu yambiri zimafa. Pambuyo masiku 5-10, mbozi imawonekera kuchokera dzira. Amadya mwachangu, amakula, mpaka akakula.

Chifukwa chowala bwino ndi thupi ndi mikwingwirima ndi malo osiyanasiyana mumeso, mbozi ya hawthorn singasokonezeke. Kumapeto kwa thupi kumakula kwambiri. Makalidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu.

Malipenga amasandulika kukhala pupae omwe amabisala pansi. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, gulugufe amatuluka kuchokera pachimake. Mapikowo akauma ndi kufalikira, kambukuyo amachoka ndi kupita kukafunafuna mnzake kuti abereke.

Kukula kwachilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu

Gulugufe wachikulire ndi mungu wochokera pamaluwa. Mwachitsanzo, orchid wa ku Madagascar amango munguwa ndi Morgan Brazhnik. Pafupipafupi wautali amalola gulugufeyu kupeza timadzi tating'ono tating'ono kwambiri tating'ono tating'ono kwambiri.

Mbawala za ku Brazhnik zomwe zimadya masamba azomera zobzalidwa ndizomera zaulimi ndi nkhalango. Zambiri sizimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo mbewu zimatha kubwezeretseka mosavuta.

Koma mitundu ina imatha kuwononga madera akuluakulu mbewu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugawa fodya. Mbawala zake zimadya masamba a tomato, tsabola, fodya ndi biringanya, potero zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola.

Tizilombo touluka Cotesia Mpingoaga timathandiza kulimbana nawo, kuyikira mazira m'thupi la mbozi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Tsitsi la gulugufe wa tsitsi loyera

M'malo achilengedwe, agulugufe amabereka ana chaka chonse. Ana amaswedwa kawiri, nthawi zina pansi nyengo yabwino katatu. Kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri kumachitika mumdima. Zimatenga mphindi 20-30 mpaka maola angapo. Munthawi yonseyi, tizilombo timakhalabe osagwira.

Nthawi imodzi, mzimayi m'modzi amatha kuikira mazira 150-170. Dzira ndi lozungulira mozungulira, limakhala ndi mtundu woyera ndi utoto wabuluu kapena wobiriwira. Mazira nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pazomera zam'madzi. Pambuyo pake, patatha masiku 2-4, mphutsi zoyera, zoyera bwino zokhala ndi mawanga opanda utoto zimawonekera kuchokera mazira.

Khwangwala ali ndi magawo angapo otukuka:

• mboziyo imakhala yobiriwira bwino, m'mimba mwake sikupitirira mamilimita 12 mpaka 13,
• Lipenga lalikulu la bulauni limapangidwa pakhungu, lomwe kukula kwake limakulikira kukula kwa thupi.
• mbozi imachulukana kukula, zizindikilo zatsopano zimawonekera,
• lipenga lopangidwa limakulirakulira. Mikwingwirima ndi mawanga amdima zimawonekera pazigawo zathupi,
• kukula kwa thupi kumawonjezeka mpaka masentimita 5-6, kulemera kumafika magalamu 4-5,
• mphutsi zimachulukana kwambiri. Kulemera kumafika magalamu 20, kutalika - mpaka 15 sentimita.

Mapira amaphatikizika mwanjira yabwino kuti apulumuke mumikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, ali ndi utoto wamtambo, womwe umakulolani kuphatikiza ndi zomerazo. Mitengo yamtundu wamtundu wina imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, mabulamu olimba, kapena imatha kununkhira kosasangalatsa, komwe kumachotsa mbalame ndi nthumwi zina za nyama zomwe zimadya mbozi.

Chimbudzi chikadzapeza michere yokwanira ndikulemera thupi lokwanira, imalowa pansi. Pamenepo iye amakokana. Pa gawo la ana, gulugufe amapezeka milungu iwiri ndi iwiri ndi iwiri. Nthawi imeneyi, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mthupi la tizilombo. Chingwe chimasandulika kukhala gulugufe.Gulugufe wokongolayu amadzimana pamphaka, nkupukusa mapiko ake, ndikuyamba kufunafuna mnzake kuti apitirize kuzungulira.

Adani achilengedwe a agulugufe

Chithunzi: Moth moth

Gulugufe wa Hog ali ndi adani ochulukirapo m'malo ake achilengedwe. Nthawi iliyonse yakutukuka kwawo, zoopsa ndi zoopsa zimayembekezera nthawi zonse. Adani akuluakulu ndi majeremusi. Izi zimaphatikizapo mavu, okwera, ndi mitundu ina ya majeremusi. Amayikira mazira pamwamba pa thupi la agulugufe, mbozi kapena pupae. Pambuyo pake, mphutsi zamtunduwu zimatuluka mazira, omwe amadya mkati mwa agulugufe, ndikufa kwawo. Pokhapokha pokhapokha, tiziromboti timachoka m'gulu la agulugufe.

Zowopsa kwa agulugufe ndi mbalame. Kwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi mbozi, kapena agulugufeiwo. Komabe, si mitundu yonse ya mbalame yomwe imatha kugwira chovuta komanso chofulumira. Osati gawo lomaliza pakufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi kwa munthu. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuwononga chilengedwe cha Lepidoptera.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Butterfly hawthorn

Ngakhale mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kambuku adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya gulugufeyi ili m'Mabuku Red Red. Mpaka pano, chiwerengero chonse cha tizilombo sichiwopsezedwa. Amasiyidwa ngakhale kuchokera ku Red Book la Russian Federation. Ku Ukraine, chiwerengerochi chikadali choopsa. Pamfundo imeneyi, adapatsidwa gawo lachitatu, ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book la dzikolo.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimathandizira kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha akambuku m'malo osiyanasiyana:

• kuchuluka kwa mbalame,
• Chithandizo cha zakudya zamankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
• kudula tchire ndi udzu woyaka,
• Kukhazikika kwa zigawo zopezeka kwa zigawenga.

Mkhalidwe wabwino kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ku Transcaucasus. Amakhala ndi nyengo yofunda, kotero pupae ochulukirapo amatha kupirira nthawi yozizira.

M'madera ena, kufa kwambiri ndi ziphuphu ndi mphutsi zimawonedwa chifukwa cha chithandizo chamasamba omwe ali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tomwe timavutitsa kachilomboka. Komanso, mbalame zochulukirapo zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka, komwe mbozi ndizomwe zimapatsa thanzi.

Kuteteza agulugufe

Chithunzi: Tsitsi la gulugufe wa tsitsi loyera

Gulugufe wa Brazilhnik adalembedwa mu Red Book la USSR mu 1984. M'madera amenewo pomwe kuchuluka kwa ophanga akuwopseza kutha, ntchito ikuchitika pakati pa ana asukulu ndi achinyamata kuti asawonongetu mbozi ndi agulugufe.

Ntchito ikuyambidwanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo tomwe timapangira tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti achulukitse tizilombo, timalimbikitsidwa kubzala minda ndi magawo opanda mbewu ndi maluwa oyambira omwe mungu wawo ndi chakudya chawo. Zimalimbikitsidwanso m'magawo okhala ndi zochepa zazing'onoting'ono kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe adatenthedwa.

Izi ndichifukwa choti pupae imakhazikika pamitundu yazomera zosiyanasiyana. M'malo okhala ndi owala ochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutcheke masamba mwadongosolo la zipatso. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zosavuta zoterezi sikuti kungothandiza kusunga, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa

Mapulogalamu apadera ndi zochitika zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziwonjezere kuchuluka kwa agulugufe kulibe. Gulugufe hawthorn Gulugufe wokongola kwambiri yemwe adapangidwa kuti alimbane ndi zomera zolemetsa, zoyipa. Zachidziwikire, zolengedwa zowala komanso zachilendo ngati izi ndizokongoletsera zamaluwa ndi nyama.