Chipale Chofewa, kapena nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa (Uncia uncia, kapena Panthera uncia) ndiye mtundu wamphaka wokhawo waukulu womwe unasinthidwa kuti uzikhala m'malo ovuta mapiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu yachilendo ya feline, imangokhala chifukwa chokhazikika kumapiri akutali ku Central Asia.

Poyamba, kambuku wa chipale chofewa anali kutengedwa ngati wachibale wa kambuku, makamaka chifukwa akufanana pang'ono. Koma atafufuza za majini, zinaoneka kuti kambuku wa chipale chofewa anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyalugwe - china chake ngati mchimwene wake wachiwiri wa m'bale wake.

Kukula kwake, "mphaka wam'mapiri" ndiwotsika mkango ndi nyalugwe, koma pamodzi ndi tchizi umakhala wachitatu. Imalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 40, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120-130 ndi mchira wa kutalika pafupifupi 100. Imafanana kwambiri ndi mphaka wapakhomo pamutu pake komanso thupi. Matumba a nyama yolusa ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yamphamvu. Amathandizira nyamayo kupanga kutumphuka kwakukulu. Malinga ndi osaka, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa amatha kuthana ndi kutalika kwa mamitala 8-10 mu kulumpha kamodzi. Ma paws amakhala ndi zokumbira, zopapatiza, zosinthika mawonekedwe mawonekedwe.

Kukhazikika kwa nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa kumakhala malo okwana 1230,000 mita. km Awa ndi mapiri a Pamirs, Tien Shan, Karakoram, Kashmir, Himalayas, Tibet, Hangai. Ku Russia: mapiri a Altai, Sayan, Tannu-Ola, komanso mapiri kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Baikal.

Mphaka wamkulu uyu amakonda kukhala m'malo osawoneka am'mapiri: kumapiri, m'matanthwe, chifukwa chake amatchedwa kambuku wa chipale chofewa. Komabe, nyalugwe wa chipale chofeŵa amapewa kukwera m'mwamba m'mapiri - mpaka ku zisonga zosatha.

Nyamayi singasinthidwe bwino pachiswe. Kumalo komwe chipale chofewa chimagona, akambuku a chipale chofeŵa amapondaponda poyenda m'njira zazitali komwe amayenda kwa nthawi yayitali.

M'nyengo yotentha, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa amakhala pafupi ndi mzere wa chipale chofewa, pamtunda wa pafupifupi mikono 4, ndipo nthawi yozizira imatsika. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayendetsedwera chimakhala chofala kwambiri - kusaka zakudya.

Imasaka nthawi zambiri dzuwa lisanalowe ndipo m'mawa kutacha. Monga lamulo, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa chimayenda mpaka kuthyolako ndi kudumpha ndi liwiro la mphezi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito miyala yayitali kuti achite izi, kuti agwe pansi mwadzidzidzi pansi ndikumadumphira pansi ndikumupha. Pakusowa, osagwira nyama nthawi yomweyo, nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa amawathamangitsa pamtunda wosaposa mamitala 300, kapena samawalondola konse.

Irbis ndi chilombo chomwe chimakonda kusaka nyama yayikulu, yolingana ndi kukula kwake kapena zokulirapo. Amatha kupirira kuthyolako, katatu kuposa unyinji wake. Pali chojambulidwa cha kusaka bwino kwa akambuku amtchire a Tien Shan wazaka 2 zakubadwa. Chakudya chobzala - magawo obiriwira a zomera, udzu, etc. - Irbis amadyedwa kuphatikiza ndi chakudya cha chilimwe chokha. M'nthawi yazanjala, amatha kusaka pafupi ndi midzi ndikuukira ziweto.

Irbis ndi wadyera ndipo amakhala yekha akusaka. Kambuku iliyonse ya chipale chofewa imakhala m'malire a gawo lenileni. Ngati pali zambiri zopangidwa, malo omwe mapulani amtchire ndi ochepa - kuyambira 12 mpaka 40 lalikulu. km Ngati chakudya ndi cholimba, ndiye kuti m'malo ngati amenewa pali amphaka ochepa, ndipo magawo awo amafikira 200 lalikulu. km

Pansipa pali mawu ochulukirapo omwe Mafunso ndi Alihon Latifi atafunsidwa.

Pali mbuzi - pali nyalugwe

Onse ku Tajikistan komanso ku maiko ena kumene kambuku wokhala ndi matalala amakhala (Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia ndi Uzbekistan), moyo wake umadalira chakudya. Malinga ndi Alikhon Latifi, ngakhale kuti nyalugwe imagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimayenda - mbewa, buluzi, marmots ndi marmots - mbuzi zam'mapiri zimawonedwa ngati chakudya chake chachikulu.

"Chifukwa chake, ngati pali mbuzi, pali nyalugwe, palibe mbuzi, palibe nyalugwe," akufotokoza ofukula zachilengedwe. - Panali nthawi yomwe malo okhala anthu osatulutsa nyama zanyama atachepetsedwa kwambiri ku Tajikistan. Ndipo izi zidachitika chifukwa choti anali kubwerera kwawo mokakamizidwa ndi bambo wina yemwe, akungoyendetsa ziweto, amakhala msipu. Koma zonse sizingakhale zoyipa kwambiri ngati, potero, pakuchepetsa malo okhala mbuzi, anthu sakadathandizira pakuchepetsa malo okhala nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa.

Ndiye zidachitika, malinga ndi Latifi, kuti nthawi imodzi kuchuluka kwa nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa kwambiri. Mwachirengedwe, izi zidathandizidwa osati kokha chifukwa cha kuponderezana, komanso kukasaka ili.

-Aanthu ena anali ndi chikhalidwe chofuna kusaka anyalugwe, mwachitsanzo, Kyrgyz. Panthaŵi inayake zinkawoneka kuti ndizopambana kuti akhale ndi khungu la nyalugwe mumphaka wawo. Ndipo pakati pa Tajiks, panthawi yonse ya USSR ndi pambuyo pake, kusaka nyalugwe sikunachitike poyera, ”akutero katswiriyo. - M'malo mwake, tinagwira akambuku omwe amabwera kwa ife kuti atipatse ziweto ndikuwapatsa malo onse okhala ku Soviet. Koma ngati timayang'ana kwambiri pakupha, ndiye kuti ndikuganiza kuti zidakhalapo ndipo zikupezeka paliponse, popeza alipo ambiri omwe amafuna kulipira khungu la kambuku.

Kuchuluka kwa khungu la nyalugwe, katswiriyo sanganene, koma malinga ndi malipoti ena, akuti akuti amatha pafupifupi madola 3,000 kumisika yakuda, ndipo kunja kwina kumatha kubweretsa madola 60,000. Chofunika kwambiri ndimafupa ake ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kukukula pang'onopang'ono

- Mu 1999, mwa mayiko 12 omwe akhalidwe achokochisanu amakhala, kampani idakhazikitsidwa yomwe imayenera kuphunzira mozama moyo wamphaka izi. Kenako, - katswiriyo akuti, - malinga ndi zotsatira za omwe anachita kafukufukuyu, zidadziwika kuti pafupifupi nyalugwe 500 amakhala m'madera athu (Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan), ndipo wamkulu kwambiri mwa ziwerengerozi - opitilira 200 - amakhala ku Tajikistan.

Ngakhale masiku ano, monga akatswiri a zachilengedwe anenera, kuchuluka konse kwa nyalugwe ku gawo la Tajikistan sikukadasamalidwa, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, pali nyama zambiri, pafupifupi 300.

- Pali zifukwa zitatu izi: ku Badakhshan, munthawi yankhondo, kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zazing'ono kunachepetsedwa, motero malowa anamasulidwa mbuzi zam'mapiri zomwezi.

Komanso, nkhondo itatha, mitundu yonse ya zida inagwidwa kuchokera kwa anthu, zomwe zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kusaka kosaloledwa kwa anyalugwe. Tsopano kukopa alendo akusaka kukuyenda bwino kum'mawa kwa Badakhshan, ndipo makampani omwe akuchita nawo izi ndi alonda achitsanzo m'gawo lawo - sizothandiza kwa iwo kuchita zachiphokoso kumeneko.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga alembedwe ndi Alikhon Latifi, chitetezo chimachitika ndi a leshoz, gulu la asaki komanso komiti yoteteza zachilengedwe. Komanso alonda a m'malire ndi miyambo imakhudzidwa nawo pang'ono pankhani imeneyi.

"Zonsezi zimathandizira kuti chiwonetsero cha araliali ndi ibex chikhale, monga momwe ndidanenera, kuchuluka kwa nyalanso kumadaliranso," akutero katswiri wa chilengedwe.

M'mitundu yapita ya Red Book, kuchuluka kwa maurali adawonetsedwa kuchuluka kwa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri, zisanu ndi ziwiri, kenako, mu 1990, ziwerengero zidawonetsa 12-15 zikwi, ndipo ziwerengero ziwiri zomaliza zomwe zidachitika mu 2012 ndi 2015 zidawonetsa kuti panali pafupifupi 24- 25 zikwi.

- Uwu mwina ndi ziweto zazikulu kwambiri zamapiri masiku ano padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo tili ndi chiwerengero chokhazikika cha ma capricorns - pokhapokha pagawo la malo osaka pali mitu yopitilira 10,000. Ndipo kunja kwake, palinso ambiri a iwo, akatswiri a zachilengedwe akutsimikizira.

Chaka chathachi, malinga ndi Latifi, asayansi aku Russian Institute of Morphology and Ecology adabwera kudzatenga zimbudzi kuti ziwonetsere kupenda kwa DNA.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchitoyi, katswiriyu akuti, anazindikira kuti pafupifupi sanawonepo kuchuluka kwa anyalugwe.

Ziphaso za akambuku adazijambula pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitukuko. Amuna ndi akazi onse, ndipo ngakhale nyalugwe zazing'ono, anagwidwa. Chifukwa cha misampha iyi ya kamera, tidatha kudziwa kuti chiwerengero chawo chikukula mdziko lathu. Chifukwa chake lero ku Tajikistan zonse zili bwino ndi kambuku.

Chodzikanira: Zolemba ndi zithunzi zidabwereka kuchokera pa intaneti yanu. Ufulu wonse ndi wa eni ake. B / m adalumbira pazithunzi zosiyana.