Mbalame ya Kiwi * Mbalame

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Ngati mungafunse kuti kiwi ndi chiyani, ndiye kuti ambiri angayankhe funsoli ndikuyankha kuti aliyense akudziwa kuti kiwi ndi chipatso chofiirira, chakunja kwamphesa ndi mnofu wosangalatsa wobiriwira. Wina adzakumbukira chikwama cha kiwi. Koma likukwaniritsidwa kuti zipatsozi zidatchulidwa ndi woweta New Zealand A. Ellison polemekeza mbalame yaying'ono yomwe ikukhala ku New Zealand, chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo.

Mbalame ya Kiwi ndi chilengedwe chapadera kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndipo imangokhala ku New Zealand.

Mbalame yapadera iyi ilibe mapiko ndipo siyimawuluka, ndipo m'malo mwake nthenga imakhala ndi ... ubweya.

Kiwis safanana ndi mbalame zina, osati maonekedwe okha, komanso mikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha izi, katswiri wa zanyama a William Calder - William A. Calder III adawatcha "anyani olemekezeka."

Kuyambira kalekale asayansi akhala akudzifunsa kuti chifukwa chiyani mbalameyi imatchedwa kiwi. Pali lingaliro kuti dzinali linachokera pachiwonetsero cha nthawi, pomwe anthu okhala ku New Zealand anali oimira anthu am'deralo - a Maori, omwe adayesa mameza a mbalame, akunena ngati "cue-cue-cue-cue". Ndipo, mwina anali Maori onomatopoeia amene adatipatsa dzinalo, lomwe linakhala mbalame ya ku New Zealand ndi chizindikiro chosakhala pachilumbacho.

Mtundu wachiwiri udayikidwa patsogolo ndi akatswiri a zilankhulo. Adanenanso kuti liwu kiwi, kutanthauza mbalame yosamukasamuka Numenius tahitiensis nyengo yachisanu pachilumba cha Pacific Ocean ndipo ali ndi mulomo wopindika komanso utoto wonyezimira, alendo oyamba omwe adafika ku New Zealand adasamukira ku mbalame zomwe zikupezeka ku New Zealand.

Kale ku New Zealand kunalibe zolengedwa kapena njoka, koma mitundu yoposa 250 ya mbalame.

Asayansi amakhalanso osagwirizana pa chiyambi cha kiwi. Kiwis akuti akhala akukakhala ku New Zealand zaka pafupifupi 40-55 miliyoni. Kafukufuku wazosunga zakale adawululira chinsinsi kwa asayansi - makolo a kiwi adatha kuwuluka. Ndipo mwachidziwikire adafika ku New Zealand kuchokera ku Australia.

Poyamba, asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti makolo a kiwi ndi mbalame zakale za moa. Koma atasanthula bwino ma genetic a mbalame zonse zopanda ndege, ochita kafukufuku wamankhwala anapeza kuti DNA ya kiwi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi DNA ya emu ndi cassowary.

Kiwi - Apteryx - mtundu wokhawo wa ratite mu banja - Apterygidae ndi dongosolo la kiwiformes, kapena opanda zingwe - Apterygiformes.

Dzina la mtundu Apteryx lokha limachokera ku Greek yakale - "wopanda mapiko." Mu mtundu, mitundu isanu ili ndi mbalame za ku New Zealand zokhazokha.

Kukula kwa kiwi, pafupifupi kukula kwa nkhuku yakunyumba. Kukula kwawo kumayambira 20 mpaka 50 cm. Kiwi amalemera kuchokera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka mpaka kilogalamu 5. Akazi ndiakulu kuposa amuna. Thupi la mbalame ili ndi mawonekedwe a peyala. Pa khosi lalifupi pali mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi kutalika, kuyambira 10 mpaka 12 cm, mulomo wokhotakhota, kumapeto kwake komwe kumakhala mphuno. Seat yokhazikika imakhala pakatikati pa mlomo, yomwe imayang'anira kukhudza ndi kuzindikira.

Maso ndi ochepa, osapitirira 8 mm m'mimba mwake.

Miyendo ya Kiwi ndi yamphamvu komanso yolimba, inaiumbira. Kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera konse kwa mbalameyo. Chifukwa cha zala zazitali, ma kiwi samatirira m'nthaka. Chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi zopindika zolimba. Chifukwa choti miyendo ya kiwi ndiyotalikirana kwambiri, ikathamanga, mbalameyo imawoneka yosasangalatsa. Kiwi musayende mwachangu. Mafupa a kiwi ndi olemera, chifukwa alibe misewu yokhala ndi mpweya.

Mapiko a mbalame zodabwitsazi sanakhazikike, ali ana ndipo sapitilira masentimita 5. Koma, mbalame zikapuma, zimabisa mitu yawo pansi pa mapiko. Kiwi alibe mchira.

Kiwi samawona bwino, koma kumva bwino, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kuposa mbalame zonse padziko lapansi.

Thupi la kiwi limakutidwa ndi maula, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri nthenga ndipo amawoneka ngati malaya ofewa amtundu wa imvi kapena bulauni. Ubweya uwu umapatsa kununkhira kwa bowa watsopano, womwe umawululira kupezeka kwa mbalame kwa adani ake. Kiwi anakhetsa chaka chonse, chivundikiro chosinthidwa nthawi zonse chimateteza mbalame ku mvula, kuithandiza kuti izikhala ndi kutentha kwamthupi, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri kuposa zolengedwa zam'madzi kuposa mbalame ndipo pafupifupi +38 C.

Kiwi, monga ngati nthumwi ya mphaka, ali ndi ma vibrissae, omwe ndi tinyanga tating'ono tosamva. Palibe mbalame iliyonse padziko lapansi yomwe ili ndi chilichonse chotere.

Ama kiwi ali ndi kukumbukira bwino ndipo amakumbukira zaka zisanu m'malo omwe ali pamavuto.

Kiwis amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira zokhala ndi dothi louma, kukhazikika pafupi ndi dambo.

Pa 1 km 2 kuchokera mbalame ziwiri kapena zisanu zimatha kukhala ndi moyo.

Masana amawuma m'maenje, kukumba mabowo kapena pansi pa mitengo. Mbalame imatha kutuluka mkati mwake masana pokhapokha pakagwa ngozi.

Kiwi amalowetsa mu dzenje lake milungu ingapo atakumbamo. Pofika nthawi ino, khomo la dzenjelo ladzala ndi msipu ndi udzu ndipo pobisalira mbalameyo sichioneka. Nthawi zina mbalame imadzitchinjiriza pakhomo ndi nthambi ndi masamba akale.

Mbawala yayikulu imatulutsa dzenje ndi mayendedwe angapo, ofanana ndi phokoso. Ma burwi otsala a kiwi ndiosavuta.

Koma mdera limodzi, kiwi imatha kukhala ndi mabowo mpaka 50, zomwe mbalame zimasintha tsiku lililonse.

M'ngululu ya usiku komanso m'bandakucha ku New Zealand, mawu a kiwi amamveka bwino. M'malo omwe amatetezedwa, ndipo momwe mulibe adani, kiwi imatha kuwonekera masana.

Kiwis amateteza gawo lawo, amatha kuvulaza kwambiri adani ndi zopindika zawo. Aggression kiwi, monga lamulo, amawonetsa usiku. Ndipo amuna amakhala ankhanza makamaka munthawi yakukhwima. Choyamba, yamphongo imachenjeza mdani mofuula kenako ndi kumenya nkhondo. Nkhondo pakati pa amuna ingathetse mmodzi wa iwo.

Mbodzi imodzi yobereketsa imatha kukhala malo osungira kuyambira ma 2 mpaka 100 ha.

Malire a chiwi amawonetsedwa ndi kufuula komwe kumafalikira makilomita angapo, ndipo amatha kupita ku kiwi ina pokhapokha atamwalira kale.

Madzulo, kiwi amapita kukasaka.
Nyama ndi mbalame zodabwitsa. Zakudya zawo zambiri zimakhala ndi nyongolotsi, zomwe muli mitundu yoposa 180 ku New Zealand. Mphutsi zina zimafika kutalika kwa theka la mita.

Mwambiri, kiwi amatchedwa "bingu" wa tizilombo. Kuphatikiza pa iwo ndi mphutsi zawo, mbalame zimadya crustaceans, mollusks, nsomba zamadzi oyera, achule, repitili yaying'ono, zipatso, zipatso, mbewu zingapo, bowa, masamba ambewu.

Mokondweretsa, kufunafuna mphutsi ndi tizilombo, kiwis amatenga pansi ndi mapazi awo, kenako ndikulowa mulomo wawo wautali ndikulanda nyamayo.

Akamwa kiwi, amiza mlomo wawo m'madzi, kenako amaponyera mutu wawo ndikuboweka m'madzi.

Kiwis amatha kukhala m'malo owuma, mwachitsanzo, pachilumba cha Kapiti. Madzi amapezeka kuchokera ku ma buluwisi am'madzi, omwe ndi 85% madzi.

Viwis ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino, zimakhala awiriawiri kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo nthawi zina moyo.

Nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe imayamba kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka March, abambo ndi aakazi amakumana mdzenje masiku atatu aliwonse. Mabanja ena amakhala limodzi. Zimachitikanso kuti kiwis amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Masabata atatu atachira, mkaziyo amaikira dzira.

Nyama ya Kiwi imangodziyikira dzira limodzi lokongola kapena mtundu wa njovu. Koma ndiye! Ikhoza kukhala mpaka kotala imodzi mwa kulemera kwa akazi. 65% ya dzira lonse limakhala ndi yolk. Khola la mazira ndilovuta kwambiri, chifukwa anapiye ayenera kuyesetsa kuti atuluke. Nthawi zambiri anapiye amatenga dzira m'masiku atatu.

Amuna amadana ndi mazira. Nthawi yolumikizira imatha miyezi iwiri. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimasinthana ndi zamphongo kuti zizitha kudya.

Nkhukuyo ikaoneka, mwana wamkazi wa kiwi amsiya ndipo mwana wankhuku amadzisamalira. Mwana wankhuku amabadwa ndi chitetezo champhamvu ndipo chimakutidwa kwathunthu osati ndi ubweya, koma ndi maula. Pa tsiku lachitatu adanyamuka, ndipo lachisanu adachoka pogona pomwe makolo ake adamsiya. Kwa masiku angapo amakhala ndi malo osungirako yolk ndipo safunanso zakudya zina. Pofika tsiku la 10 mpaka 14 anapiye amayamba kusaka. Zimatenga milungu 6 kuphunzira momwe angadzipezere chakudya.

Koma amachita izi masana, kotero 90% ya anapiye omwe amawoneka amafa chifukwa cha mano aanthu omwe amadana ndi zandalama. Kupulumuka anapiye amasintha kukhala moyo wamadzulo. Amuna amatha kutha msinkhu pachaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipo chachikazi chimakwana zitatu. Ana athunthu okhwima azaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndipo ngati palibe amene awagwira, amakhala ndi moyo zaka 50-60. Munthawi imeneyi, yaikazi imatha kuyikira mazira 100, pomwe amphaka 10 akakhwima.

Kiwis amakhala ku New Zealand kokha.
Ku South Island kuli mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yaimvi komanso yotuwa. Amapezeka kumapiri a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nelson, pagombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo komanso kum'mwera kwa Alps ku New Zealand.

Mtundu waung'ono wonenepa kapena wowoneka bwino nthawi yathu ukukhala pachilumba cha Kapiti, ngakhale kuchokera pamenepo umakhazikika pazilumba zina zakutali.

Rowey kapena Okarito, bulauni kiwi adadziwika kuti ndi mtundu watsopano mu 1994. Mbalameyi imakhala m'dera laling'ono kumphepete kwakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha South ku New Zealand. Kiwi wamba kiwi kapena Southern, bulauni, mtundu wodziwika bwino wa kiwi. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa South Island. Ili ndi masamba angapo.

Mtundu wa bulauni wakumpoto umakhala magawo awiri mwa atatu a North Island.

Tsoka ilo, ziwerengero za mbalame zabwinozi zikuchepa chaka chilichonse. Ku New Zealand, pazaka mazana angapo zapitazi, pakhala zilombo zambiri zokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi anthu. Ndipo tsopano kiwi ili ndi adani ambiri, awa ndi amphaka, agwape, nkhandwe, masinthidwe, zonyansa, agalu, anthu osazindikira.

Pali "okonda zachilendo" kotero kuti ngakhale m'malo otetezedwa amaba ma kiwis kuti awasamalire. Munthu ngati uyu agwidwa, ndiye kuti amalipira chindapusa chachikulu, nthawi zina amatha kukhala m'ndende zaka zingapo.

Pakadali pano, mbalameyi yalembedwa mu Red Book.

Mu 1991, pulogalamu yatsopano yobwezeretsa Kiwi, pulogalamu ya Kiwi Recovery, inayamba kugwira ntchito ku New Zealand.

Chifukwa cha pulogalamuyi, chiwerengero cha anapiye chofika zaka za mbalame zazikulu chikukula. Kiwis nayenso adayamba kubereka atakhala akapolo, kenako nkudzawaberekanso kuzilumba. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimapha mbalame zazikulu, anapiye ndi mazira zinayang'aniridwa.

Kiwis ku New Zealand amawonetsedwa kulikonse komwe angathe, mwachitsanzo, pazandalama, masitampu ndi zina. Kiwis amatchedwa kuti New Zealanders nawonso amatcha nthabwala.

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