Msodzi aliyense akhoza kukufotokozerani zabwino zonse. zander. Aliyense, ndi chisangalalo, ali wokonzeka kudzitama ndi cholembera cholemera 12 kg. Zojambulajambula zaluso zenizeni zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yolusa yamadziyi imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ndipo kuwedza sikukutengera nyengo.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Mtsinje zander - woimira odziwika kwambiri wa perch. Kugawidwa Kum'mawa kwa Yuropu ndi Asia (madzi abwino), m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Baltic, Black, Azov, Aral ndi Caspian. Imagwira m'madzi a Nyanja ya Issyk-Kul ndi Nyanja ya Balkhash. Iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imakula kutalika kuposa mita. Kulemera kwa anthu otere ndi 15 kg.
Gawo lodziwika ndi mano akuluakulu owumbidwa ndi ma fang, omwe ali ang'ono. Mano a amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa aachikazi. Nyanja ya Caspian ndi Nyanja Yakuda imapezeka nsomba zander. Izi nsomba ndizochepa kuposa mitundu yawo yamadzi amchere. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 50-60 cm, kulemera - 2 kg. Pike perch imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalitali, loonda, loponderezedwa kumbali.
Pike perch toothy wadyera
Pamwambapa, mutu ndi kumbuyo ndizobiriwira imvi, m'mimba muli zoyera. Makala omwe amawoloka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Malo amdima amamangiriridwa kumapeto kumbuyo ndi mchira, ndipo anal fin ndi chikaso chakuda.
Pike panyanja imasiyana ndi madzi oyera kukula kwake ndi malo okhala. Komanso ali ndi mainchesi ang'ono a maso ndipo mulibe mamba m'masaya. Pikeperch ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kumva fungo lalikulu. Koma mtundu uwu sugwiritsidwa ntchito konse ndi nsomba posaka. Pike wanyanja amatetezedwa ndi boma la Ukraine ndipo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Pokhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posodza, pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matupi amadzi, ndipo zimadziwika kuti pike perch ndi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira madzi; samakhala ngakhale m'madzi akuda.
Monga tanena kale, kugwira zander Mutha kukhala ndi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, komabe, nthawi iliyonse yophera nsomba imakhala ndi yake. M'nthawi zonsezi, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zizolowezi, malo omwe nsomba zimakhala, gawo lazodyera. Pike nsomba ndi nsomba yokoma, nyama yake, molimba mtima, imatha kutchedwa "Russian nsomba". Nyama yamafuta ochepa imatha kukazinga, mchere, kusuta, kuphika.
Ndipo khutu ndi aspic ndizodziwika kwambiri. Mafuta a nsomba za Pike perch ndiwopadera, nyama ili ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri yofunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi.
Mutha kugula mitengo yamtengo wapatali mumisika iliyonse. Komabe, zander zatsopano zimatha kuwonongeka pakanthawi kochepa, mukamagula, muyenera kulabadira mtengo, koma mpaka tsiku lomwe amapanga likuwonetsedwa pa phukusi.
Zander chachikazi ndi chachimuna
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Njira yamoyo ya nsomba ndi imodzi (Mosiyana ndi mavu). Zander amagwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Usiku, ochulukirapo ndipo amatha kupita ku shawondo. Masana, amakonda kwambiri akuya mamita 3-5. Pogona pali pansi pa mchenga kapena miyala yamiyala, pomwe pali mabowo ndi miyala yambiri.
Sudak ndiwofunda, wosambira kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwake kwa maola kumatha kufika mita imodzi pamphindi. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba sizikutaya kutaya kwake. Pakakhala ngozi, kuthamanga kumakwera mpaka mamita awiri pa sekondi, koma kumatha mpaka masekondi 30.
Osaka pansi pamadzi osaka nyama samachita mantha, zander amatha kufikira munthu patali kwambiri. Ngati pike yolowera mu ukonde wausodzi, sikuwonetsa kukana ndikugona nthawi yayifupi.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Pike perch ndi gulu la ma chordates, nsomba zokhala ndi zowongolera, gulu lambiri, banja la nsomba, pike perch genus, pike perch wamba amapatsidwa gulu. Mitundu yamafuta am'madzi okonzedwa pamaziko a zander satanthauza kuti amadya m'modzi mwa akatswiri akale kwambiri achinyama ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. Modabwitsa, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti makolo akale akale a pike perch adapezeka zaka pafupifupi 25 miliyoni zapitazo. Zaka 4-5 miliyoni zapitazi, sanasinthe kwenikweni.
Kanema: Sudak
Makolo akale a zander amakono anali nsomba zomwe zimakhala munyanja yakuya. Nthawi ya mawonekedwe awo imatchedwa nthawi ya Oligocene, zaka 33 miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo. Kafukufuku wambiri wazomwe adapeza mu DNA adavumbula kuti zander zamakono zidawonekera pa Pliocene, mwina zaka 5.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Siberia ndi malo omwe nsomba zamakono zimabadwira.
Kafukufuku wambiri wapangitsa kuti zidziwike kuti zakale zinthu sizinachite kusanduka kuchokera ku zinthu zina. Komabe, popanga chisinthiko, mitundu iyi ya oyimira madzi oyera a banja la perch adakulitsa kwambiri dera lomwe amakhala. Kuchokera kudera la Siberia, mitengo ya pike inafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zander. Mitundu itatu imakhala m'chigawo cha Russian Federation: wamba, Volga ndi m'madzi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Pikeperch nsomba
Kukula kwa zander kumadalira malo okhala. Kutalika kwa thupi pikeperch ndi masentimita 50-70, ndipo misa ndi 2-2.3 kilogalamu. Ali ndi thupi lalitali, lalitali, komanso lolira. Chizindikiro cha mtundu wamtunduwu ndi kapangidwe ka zida zam'kamwa. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mano ambiri abwinowo, owoneka ngati maonekedwe omwe amakutira pang'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi mano awa, pike perch amabera nyama yake akagwidwa. Pakati pa ma fangawo atali kale pali ma denticles ang'onoang'ono. Gawo lamkati lamkamwa limafika pamlingo wamaso.
Chosangalatsa: M'madera ena, kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba imodzi kumaposa mita, ndipo unyinji umaposa ma kilogalamu 15.
Maphala ali pamutu pake. Zolemba za gill zimaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi mamba. Mipira imatha kukhala yofiira kapena yapinki. Mtundu wa gill slits sikuti nthawi zonse umakhala wofanana. Maso alinso ndi mawonekedwe. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amapereka mawonekedwe abwino mumdima. Thupi lam'mutu m'mutu, kumbuyo kwake ndi mchira wake ndi imvi, pamimba pake ndi loyera. Mamba omwe amawoloka ndi masamba akuda, pafupifupi. Ziphuphu kumbuyo ndi mchira zimathandizira ndi mawanga amdima. Ma anal anal ndi osiyana ndi enawo ndipo ali ndi mtundu wachikaso chopepuka.
Kumbuyo kuli zipsepse ziwiri. Maluso omwe amapezeka kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa mutu ali ndi zowala. Pakadutsa kamphindi kakang'ono kumbuyo komweko kumakhala ndalama ina, yomwe imakwezeka pang'ono kuposa yoyamba, ndipo ilibe nthenga zakuthwa. Nsomba zam'nyanja zimakhala ndi zinthu zakunja kusiyanitsidwa ndi madzi oyera. Ali ndi mainchesi owoneka ndi maso ndipo mulibe mamba m'chigawo cha buccal. Nsomba mwachilengedwe zimapatsidwa fungo lakuthwa kwambiri. Imatha kuzindikira mafungo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kwambiri ngakhale mutali kwambiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe zimachitika ndi nsomba, nsomba kapena nsomba zazikulu ngati pike. Tiyeni tiwone komwe zander zimakhalamo mwachilengedwe.
Kodi zander amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pikeperch pansi pamadzi
Sudak ndi malo ogulitsa nsomba. Imafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Eastern Europe komanso madera osiyanasiyana a Russian Federation. Kuzama mozama kwambiri komwe ma pike amakhala omasuka ndi mita isanu. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, nsomba imamira pansi, yokutidwa ndi miyala, ndikukhazikika. Nthawi zambiri izi ndi chitsa, driftwood, kapena kungokhala kukhumudwa pansi.
Monga malo okhala, nsomba zimakonda madzi abwino okha, kapena madzi am'nyanja okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zander, mwachitsanzo, Nyanja Yakuda, yomwe imakhala bwino, zonse munyanja zamchere zamchere. Komabe, palibe mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo womwe ungakhale m'mavuto kapena madzi okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.
Malo okhala zander:
Malo ambiri osungira kum'mawa kwa Yuropu, mitsinje ya Belarus, Ukraine, malo osungirako madzi abwino a zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Asia ndi osiyana. Mitundu ina imakhala ku Canada, North America. Zander amapezeka m'madzi ena ku UK.
Kuwona kotakata kotereku kwa magawidwe amoyo wam'madzi ndikuchitika chifukwa chakuti munthawi inayake anthu ankakhazikitsa nsomba m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungirako nyama a Mozhaisk, mu dziwe la Cherbakul la dera la Chelyabinsk, m'malo otetezeka a Canal a Moscow, Nyanja ya Balkhash ku Kazakhstan, Issyk - kul ku Kyrgyzstan, nsomba zimapezeka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Sudak amakonda kwambiri madzi okhala ndi mwala pansi, mbali zakuya za mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi madzi oyera. M'madzi osaya, nsomba zamtunduwu sizimachitika.
Kodi zander amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pike nsomba m'madzi
Pike perch ndi m'gulu la adani. Zotsatira zake, zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi tinsomba tating'ono kapena crustaceans. Amphamvu amphamvu, owongoka mkati samasiya mwayi. Pa kugwidwa, pike pang'onopang'ono amapangitsa kubaya kwa thupi la womenyedwayo, ndipo mano ang'onoang'ono amkati mwamkamwa atagwira zolimba, kuti isangotuluka.
Lingaliro lakuthwa lonunkhira ndi mawonekedwe abwino limalola kuti pikeperch alenje mosaka ndi kupeza wolandidwayo ngakhale mumdima wathunthu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mawonekedwe a chinthu chosaka akhale ndi thupi lalitali, lalitali. Pokhapokha, pike perch imatha kumeza nyama mosavuta.
Chomwe chimakhala ngati chakudya ku nsomba:
Zander amadziwika kuti ndi mlenje waluso. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zosakira. Sizachilendo kwa iye kuthamangitsa womutsutsa. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyembekezera. Nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imabisala yokha ndipo imangosunama mpaka ikaigwira. Kenako amuthana naye nthawi yobisala. Nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudyetsa osati tinsomba tating'onoting'ono ndi ma bollusks, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo - mikwingwirima yamagazi, misempha, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, etc.
Zander ndi nyama yolusa yoopsa. Sakani mosamala usiku komanso masana. Atakhuta mokwanira, amabisala kumalo osankhika osankhika ndikupumula pakudya. Nyamayi imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri ikayamba masika mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, amafunikira chakudya chambiri. Mu nthawi yachitsulo, ntchito za zander zimachepetsedwa, ndipo zimadya zakudya zochepa.
Mitundu ya Zander
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zokambirana za asodzi pamutu wa zander za mtundu wa nkhokwe. Kodi pali mikangano yokhudza kuti zander ndi nsomba kapena nsomba ya mumtsinje? Wina amadziona kuti ndi nsomba zamtsinje, ndipo wina - zam'madzi zokha. M'malo mwake, nsomba zander zimayimira mitsinje iwiri yatsopano komanso malo amchere ochepa. Pankhani iyi, mitundu ya pike perch imayimiriridwa ndi gulu lotambalala bwino.
Kunja, mitundu yonse ya pike perch imasiyana mu kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Mitundu yamadzi abwino nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamitundu mitundu ali zander wamba. Ndizofala kwambiri m'malo osungirako Russian ndikupanga mpikisano wa forage ndi burbot, pike ndi catfish. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira. Mikwingwirima m'mbali ndi yakuda komanso yofiirira.
Volzhsky zander (bersh) amadziwika ndi ma fangs ang'onoang'ono, mutu waufupi komanso mamba okukulidwa. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Pafupifupi, bersh ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa zander wamba.
Canadian zander amakhala kudera la North America, ku Canada kuli anthu ambiri. Utoto wachikasu zobiriwira, thupi m'malo akuda. Mchenga woimira banja lino amatchedwa chifukwa cha utoto, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amaphatikizika ndi pansi pamchenga.
Lightfin perch ndi mtundu waukulu womwe umakhala m'madzi a United States ndi Canada. Yellow zander - dzina lachiwiri la nsombayi, lopezeka kuchokera ku utoto wa thupi - utoto wa mgoza wokhala ndi mandimu owala ndi msana wakuda.
Nyanja zander imayimiriridwa m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian. Oimira mtunduwu ndi ang'ono kukula ndi mtundu wa imvi lowala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mtsinje nsomba zander
Nthawi zambiri, zander amakhala m'gulu la gulu, ngakhale pali anthu amodzi. Chiwerengero cha nsomba m'sukulu imodzi ndi 25- 40. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakonda kupanga masukulu akuluakulu, omwe amatha kufikirako mazana ambiri. Nyamayi imakonda kusewera, ngakhale ikhoza kusaka masana. Pikeperch ndi nsomba zachikulire komanso zachangu, zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro lalikulu.
Nsomba zimakonda kukhala pamtunda wa mamita 3-5, m'madzi osaya sapezeka. Panyengo yophukira, timira pansi ndipo timafunafuna pogona kuti tidikire chisanu ndi kuzizira. Izi zisanachitike, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu ambiri kutengera zaka. Komabe, kubisala sichachilendo kwa iwo. Pamutu pa gulu loterolo pali wamkulu kwambiri komanso wamphamvu kuposa aliyense. Pamapeto pa gululo pali achichepere kwambiri omwe nthawi yawo yachisanu ikukhala nthawi yoyamba pamoyo wawo. Nthawi yozizira ikatha, nkhosazo zimamatirana mpaka kumera kumachitika, kenako zimabalalika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikufalikira mosiyanasiyana.
Pikeperch amakonda kuchita mantha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yomwe dzuwa limatuluka, nsomba zimabisala m'malo omwe dzuwa silingawafikire. Sizachilendo kwa zander kusewera m'madzi, kuwaza, kapena kulumpha, monga nsomba zina. Amakhala moyo wobisalira, wosachita kufunsa. Pike perch amakonda kwambiri mitengo yomwe ili ndi masamba ochulukirapo omwe adalowa m'madzi. Amapewa m'njira zonse zotheka, ndipo pafupifupi sizipezeka konse munyanja yakuya yokhala pansi.
Wotsogola amafunika nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti apumule. Nthawi zambiri, ndimangokhala maola ochepa patsiku. Nsombazo zikadzaza, zimabisala pamalo otetezeka, ndipo zimakhala maola angapo mmalo obisika - pansi pa nkhono, miyala, etc. Pikeperch imatha kusuntha, kuwonjezera pamtunda wawutali.
Kukula kwa Pike
Pike wamba ndi woimira wamkulu pabanja lonse. Anthu pawokha amafika pamtunda wama 20 kg. Kulemera kwamtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku 1 mpaka 4 kg. Bersh imalemera pang'ono - pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi. Canada pike nsomba - kuchokera 3 mpaka 4 makilogalamu. Oimira amtundu wachikasu amafikira 11 kg, ndipo kukula kwa ma Pike nsomba ndi kupitilira 2 kg.
Zander kufalikira
Madzi akangotentha mpaka madigiri 10, nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro koyambira, zander zimasamba. Nyamayi imazungulira kum'mwera kwa dzikolo kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Epulo, mkati mwa njira kumapeto kwa Epulo, komanso kumpoto kwa Meyi. Pongofalikira, kapolo amasambira m'madzi osaya kupita kumalo kopanda anthu kopanda - komwe kali ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba zamadzi osefukira. Munthawi yovomerezeka, kutulutsa kwa zander kumapitilira sabata zitatu. Caviar wa pike wadula wa mthunzi wachikasu. Wamkazi mmodzi amatha kuyikira mazira ang'ono 300,000.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Common Pikeperch
Nthawi yoswana imayamba nthawi yomwe madzi akuwotha bwino. Kutentha kwamadzi wamba kumayenera kufika madigiri 9-10. Kummwera kwa Russian Federation, nyengo yakukhwima yomwe imadya ikupezeka theka loyamba la Epulo, matupi amadzi ku Europe, kumene nyengo yofunda ili pakatikati, kapena pafupi kumapeto kwa Epulo, kumadera akumpoto kwa malo okhala - kumapeto kwa kasupe, kuyamba kwa chilimwe. Kutulutsa kumachitika m'malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino a pike perch, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa mamita 4-6. Panthawi yochulukirachulukira, nyama zomwe zimadya mbalamezi zimasankha malo omwe zimakhala bata komanso bata.
Pa nthawi yakubzala, nsomba zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimakhala ndi azimuna angapo, komanso akazi amodzi kapena awiri. Asanayike mazira, mkaziyo amapeza malo abwino ndikuwatsuka mothandizidwa ndi mchira. Komanso, monga malo oponyera caviar ndi mchira, dzenje litha kupangidwa pansi pa chosungiramo, chomwe chili ndi mainchesi 40-60 sentimita ndi kuya kwa ma sentimitara 10-15.
Zazikazi zazikazi zimakhala zodabwitsa makamaka m'bandakucha.M'mawa kwambiri, chachikazi chimakhazikika, mutu wake umatsitsidwa. Zander amaonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wambiri wamadzi wam'madzi.
Chosangalatsa: Mkazi m'modzi, yemwe misa yake ndi makilogalamu 7-8, amatha kuyikira mazira 1 ml.
Mazira ndi ang'ono m'mimba mwake komanso mainchesi osapitirira 1 millimeter ndi kuwala chikasu. Yaimuna yayikulu kwambiri pagulu ndiyoyenera kuthira mazira. Amathira mkaka kwambiri pamphala yophika. Maudindo akuluakulu aimuna samangophatikiza umuna, komanso kutsimikizira mazira. Monga mlonda, wamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu koposa pagulu amabwera. Samalola wina aliyense kuti azikhala wosalala ndikuwazungulira madzi mozungulira. Mwana akangotuluka mazira, mlondayo amachoka ndikuchoka.
Pambuyo umuna, pakatha masiku 10, ndipo nsomba zazing'ono zimawonekera, kukula kwake sikupitirira 5-6 mm. Sangokhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha ndipo sangathe kudya okha. Pakatha masiku 3-5, nsomba zimafalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kudya plankton. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachangu amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphutsi, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lake omwe amafanana ndi akulu. Kuchulukitsa kwa mwachangu kumadalira malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Nthawi ya kutha msambo imachitika pazaka pafupifupi 3-4. Kutalika kwa zaka zander ndi zaka 13 mpaka 17.
Malo okhala a Zander
Sudak ndi nsomba yakale. Kukhazikika kuti mtunduwu unakhala padziko lapansi zaka 25 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndipo momwe zilili masiku ano, zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka 5 miliyoni. Chisinthiko sichinakhudze mawonekedwe a woyimira uyu wa nthenga za ray; zidakhudza malo awo okhala zander, ndikukulitsa kwambiri gawo. Pike perch imapezeka m'matupi amadzi a ku Europe, Asia ndi North America. Wodwala uyu amakhala m'mitsinje ya Black, Azov, Caspian ndi Baltic Seas.
Adani achilengedwe a zander
Chithunzi: Pikeperch nsomba
Kuthengo, zander kuli adani ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi komanso zazitali sizimakonda kudya maphwando osati achikulire okha, komanso mwachangu, ngakhalenso caviar. Kuphatikiza apo, m'magawo okhala malo achilengedwe, momwe mulibe chakudya chokwanira, adani omwe amadyerawo amatha kutchedwa otetezeka - omwe amapikisanapo chakudya - kangaude ndi aukha.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti madera ambiri omwe zander amakhala, sakhala ndi ngozi yayikulu ndipo chiwerengero chake sichikuvutika ndi ntchito yosodza, kapena chifukwa chodana ndi adani achilengedwe. Izi zimathandizidwa ndikuti nsomba zimasungidwa m'masukulu, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka.
Adani a zander kuthengo:
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha adani omwe ali pamwambapa ndi owopsa kwa achichepere okha kapena kuwongolera ndi caviar. Caviar imatha kudyanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi, ma mollusks, ndi crustaceans. Kulakwa kumawonongeka munthawi yamkuntho wamadzi, kusintha kwakuthwa mu nyengo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu ndi ntchito zawo amawerengedwa pakati pa adani a adani. Zimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku kuchuluka kwa nsomba, osati monga asodzi, komanso kuwononga moyo wamadzi. Zochita za anthu zimadetsa akasupe amadzi ndikupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi aphedwe.
Khalidwe la Zander
Kuperewera kwa oxygen sikumaloledwa bwino ndi pikeperch, motero kumakhala ndi madzi oyera. Kutentha kochepa sikumamuopa. Sudak akumva bwino m'malo otentha a Baltic.
Kukula kwachinyamata kumatayika m'matumba, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopambana pofufuza chakudya. Khalidwe la achikulire azander ndikuti amakonda kukhala m'magulu a anthu 10 mpaka 30. Kukula kwa malo okhala pike pafupifupi kuli pafupifupi mita 5. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama yomwe imadya imazizira mpaka pansi mabowo, mpaka kuya kwa mita 12, ndipo imabisala pansi chitsa kapena snag. Zander nyengo m'magulu azaka - kumayambiriro, nsomba zazikulu zimasonkhana, ndipo pamapeto pake magulu ang'onoang'ono amayandikira. Popeza izi, asodzi odziwa kusodza bwino amatha kugwira nsomba zazikuluzikulu panthawi yanthawi yachisanu yophera zander. Zander amakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Masana, kuchokera ku kuunika kwakukulu, amabisala m'maenje akuya ndikubisala m'malo osungira zachilengedwe osiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zamtundu wina, nyama yamtunduwu siziigwiritsa ntchito pomazungulira ndikudumphira m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale m'malo osungira.
Pike perch life mzunguko
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika mwa zaka 3-5 za moyo. Banja limaphatikizanso akazi amodzi ndi amuna angapo, pomwe m'modzi yekha ndiamene ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana. Pambuyo pake, zazimuna izi zimasunga mazira mpaka nsomba zazing'ono zimabadwa. Nyama zazing'ono zimalemera msanga kwambiri ndipo ngakhale paubwana zimatha kudya oimira omwewo a mitundu ina ya nsomba. Kukula kwa zander ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Amuna amakhala ndi ma fang. Pike perch amakhala ndi moyo wautali, nthawi zina kuzungulira kwawo kumafika zaka 15.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Pike perch munyanja
Ofufuzawo adazindikira kuchuluka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi zander chokhazikika, chomwe chimakhala gawo limodzi. Sizachilendo kuti achoke m'malo ake okhala ngati madzi awonongedwa. Potere, nsomba zimapita kutali kwa makumi ambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ma kilomita mazana.
Anthu enanso omwe amadya zander. Amakhala m'malo osungirako nyama, malo okhala ndi mitsinje ndi madzi ena abwino. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa mvula, nyama zodya nyama zambirizi zimapita kumtunda kuti zikaponye mazira. Kusamukira kumatha kuchitika kwamakhumi kapena mwinanso makilomita mazana. Pambuyo pake, imabwereranso kumalo ake akale ndi okondedwa.
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumadera ena kukucheperachepera. Imakhudza kwambiri mitundu yam'madzi ya zander. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa madzi, kuwononga zachilengedwe kwambiri, komanso kusintha kwanyengo nyengo zina. Kupezeka kwa nsomba zamtunduwu kumawonetsera kuyera kwachilengedwe.
Pike perch zakudya
Zakudya za pike perch zimangokhala zodyetsa nyama. Cannibalism imapezekanso mwa zolengedwa izi, zomwe sizoyipa. Achinyamata amadya pamiyendo, mphutsi ndi ma invertebrates ena. Pike zazikulu zimakonda nyama zazikulu: anyani amtsinje, achule, nthumwi za mitundu ina ya nsomba zamtendere. Mukasaka chakudya, nyama yomwe imadyera ikuyenda m'njira zomwe zikutsimikizidwa, ndipo ndimphamvu yolimba imatha kudikirira nyama yomwe ikhoza kubisala. Mtundu wake umasenda bwino. Nsomba za Pike perch zimalumikizana ndi mawonekedwe am'deralo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwopsezedwe modabwitsa. Kapangidwe ka mutu sikuloleza kumeza nyama yayikulu, motere, nyama yolusa imakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito oimira ang'onoang'ono okhala pansi pamadzi.
Chitetezo cha Zander
Chithunzi: Sudak kuchokera ku Red Book
Pike wanyanja, mosiyana ndi madzi oyera, ndi anthu omwe kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa. Pankhaniyi, adalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine ndipo amatetezedwa ndi malamulo ndi akuluakulu aboma. Njira zofunika kuteteza nyamazo zimaphatikizanso kutsitsa kwa malonda asodzi m'magawo momwe chiwerengero cha pikeperch chikucheperachepera, komanso kusunga ukhondo wamadzi am'madzi komanso kuchepera kwa kuipitsa kwamadzi.
Kuphwanya malamulowa m'malo ena kumakhala kovomerezeka ndi lamulo. Oba zachiwawa amatha kulangidwa chifukwa cha oyang'anira, kapena atakhala kuti ali ndi mlandu. M'madera okhala zander, komiti yoteteza zachilengedwe imakhala ikuyesa mafunso kuti adziwe momwe madzi alili.
Zander ndiwokongola kwambiri. M'mayiko ambiri apadziko lonse lapansi zaluso zapamwamba zakonzedweratu. Nyama yamtundu wamtunduwu imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komanso imagayidwa mosavuta.
Zander Ili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo omwe samalola kuti asokonezedwe ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kapangidwe kake ka zida zapakamwa, chifukwa komwe amadziwika kuti ndi alenje aluso komanso opusa kwambiri.
Njira zogwirira zander
Mwachikhalidwe, ma pike perch amapezeka pansi pa posungira, m'maenje. M'madzi osaya, nsomba zazikuluzikulu ndizovuta kupeza. Zander zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika pakuya kwa mita 8. Ziwonetserozi zimagwidwa chaka chonse nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku. Wosaka uyu amadya nthawi yonse.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira zander zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira. Zimatengera zomwe amakonda asodzi, nyengo ndi nyengo.
Njira zazikulu za usodzi:
- kupota ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yosodza. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwato, chifukwa sichabwino kwambiri kuti tichoke pamalire, ma pulow kapena m'mphepete,
- kupondaponda - chabwino kupha nsomba pamalo osaya,
- kuthana pansi kumangokhala "chinyengo". Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu posodza kuchokera pagombe. Pachifukwa ichi, nyambo yamoyo ibodzalidwa pafupifupi masentimita 7.
- kugwira zander pa balancer ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwira. Njira ya "plumb" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyambo imagwera pansi pa kulemera kwake ndikunyamuka pang'onopang'ono.
Nyamandayo sakonda matope pansi, ndipo simuyenera kuyiyang'ana pamenepo. Malo osangalatsa kwambiri ndi minga ndi ma boti, malo okhala ndi madzi okhala ndi zitsamba zouma ndi mitengo, maboti owotchera ndi nyumba zowonongeka. Chilichonse chomwe chingapangitse pogona ndi malo abwino osakira zander.
Nthawi zambiri pansi pa chipika kapena zitsamba zokhala pansi zingakhalepo kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu pafupifupi 10. Mwanjira imeneyi, asodzi odziwa bwino amagwira malowa mokoma. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso utha, mutha kupezeka. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito, osawopa mbedza, nyambo yogwiritsa ntchito mbedza zakuthengo. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti nsomba zoopsa zimatha kubwerera kumalo awo oyambirirawo.
Pakusodza kopambana tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zokuzira mawu. Amapereka mwachangu zidziwitso pazomwe zimapangidwa pansi komanso kupezeka kwa nsomba pamenepo.
Pike perch nyambo
Kutentha, zander ndizabwino kwambiri kuthamanga. Gwiritsani ntchito mbedza yosavuta (imodzi kapena iwiri), koma ngati pansi kuli ndi zigoba, zitsamba ndipo mwina mutha kupeza mbewa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwire mbedza yakunyanja. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsamba zamatenda mwamphamvu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi ya masika, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa masamba asanalowe, osati m'malo onse osungira.
Chilimwe ndi nthawi yabwino kuti oyamba kumene azisodza zander. Nsomba zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Zivuta kuzigwira masana chifukwa chotentha kwambiri. Pakadali pano, amagona pansi - m'malo omwe kuli ozizira kwambiri. Koma kale nthawi yamadzulo, kuyambira kulowa dzuwa mpaka m'bandakucha, nyama yolusa imasambira kuti ikasake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe zazingwe zander.
M'dzinja, kutentha kwa madzi kumayamba kutsika kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, pike perch imamveka bwino komanso sizimazungulira m'miyendo masana posaka kuzizira. Kusodza kwa zander sikuyenda bwino ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kupezeka paming'alu, pansi pamathandizo a milatho, m'malire ndi m'matanthwe owuma. Mukasodza, ma jig nyambo, twitter, ma rotator ndi michira yama vibro amagwira ntchito bwino.
Mukusodza kwa dzinja kwa zander, pali njira ziwiri:
- kugwiritsa ntchito ma vents - kungosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo yokhayo,
- Kusodza kwa Sheer perch nthawi yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito balancer (amagwira ntchito bwino pang'onopang'ono kuyambira wachikuda mpaka wofiyira komanso mitundu yawo).
M'malo mopumira ndi ma nyambo osiyanasiyana owumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndikubzala nyongolotsi, nsabwe, achule. Pike perch imawagwiritsanso ntchito.
Pike nsomba
Mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zander zoyimira imayimiridwa ndi nsomba yokhala ndi mafupa otsika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chooneka bwino pophika pike. Ngati palibe njira yogwira nsomba, ndiye kuti ndiyofunika kugula ndikuyesera. Pali malingaliro ena osankha mwatsopano. Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana nsomba kutiizinunkhira. Sayenera kukhala nayo. Kachiwiri, timayang'ana mawonekedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwa mabala, ming'alu momwe kupangidwira mabakiteriya othandizira kungatheke. Nsombayo iyenera kukhala yathunthu popanda kuwonongeka. Onani maso a zander kuti aziwonekera. Kukhalapo kwa inclusions ndi chovala choyera sikofunikira. Yellowness pamimba ya nsomba akhoza kunena za nthawi kuzungulira kwa kuzizira - defrosting. Mwinanso, zoterezi zikutha kale. Chachitatu, timayang'ana kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zasankhidwa. Zolemba zala ziyenera kuwongoledwa mwachangu. Tiyeneranso kulabadira mtundu ndi kuwala kwa zander. Ndikofunika kuperekera chisankho chanu ku nsomba zopanda chinsalu choyera.
Palibe contraindication ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zander. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza thupi, komanso tsankho. Zowonongeka zochokera ku zander zimatha kukhala pokhapokha ngati pali chithandizo chokwanira cha kutentha kapena kuchokera ku nsomba zodwala komanso zosowa.
Kalori Zander
Pike perch ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Amavomerezedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi, kapena akukonzanso, komanso othamanga, amayi oyembekezera ngakhale ana akhanda omwe akuyamwitsa, akusinthana ndi chakudya chanthawi zonse. Kuphatikizika kwa pike perch kumakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri komanso zinthu zambiri zofunikira zomwe zimathandizira kulimbitsa thupi. Pali ma amino acid okwana 20. Mafuta: mapuloteni (18g), mafuta (1g), cholesterol (59g), omega-3 (0.09g), omega-6 (0.04g), chakudya (0g), madzi (79g). Mavitamini omwe ali ndi mavitamini: A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B3, C, E.
Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie za zander ndi 84 kcal. Koma ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, zimawonjezeka. Nsomba zouma ndizofunikira kwambiri - 180 kcal, pikeperch yokazinga - 130 kcal, yophika - 97 kcal.
Zomwe zimamanga zomanga zonse za thupi lathu ndizopuloteni. Pike perch imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ndi ma amino acid omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira. Nkhani yayikulu ya cobalt (20 μg) pakupanga nyama yomwe imadyedwa ikadzakhala yothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic, omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba, matenda a chithokomiro komanso magazi m'thupi. Kukhalapo kwa fluoride (29mkg), phosphorous (230mg) ndi calcium (35mg) kumalimbitsa mafupa, mano, makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kupewa matenda a mtima.
Kufalitsa
Mpaka mu 1966, ku Middle Urals, imangokhala m'malo osungirako khonde la Kama, ndipo tsopano ilinso mu beseni la Iset. Pike perch amakhala m'mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi oyera ndikuyenda m'madzi akuya pafupifupi 3 - 5 metres, kutengera kutalika kwa malo osungira. Usiku, amapita mumadzi osaya kapena bwalo. Zander imatha kutchedwa nsomba yayikulu yamadzi. Malo oyenera kwambiri zander ndi mitsinje yayikulu ndi madzi ambiri. M'malo osungirako zoterezi, zander nthawi zambiri imakhala chakudya chachikulu pakati pa nsomba zina. Zander sichimapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono, koma imapezeka m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi kamtsinje.
Zaka komanso kukula
Imafika mpaka masentimita 130 m'litali ndi kulemera mpaka 18 kg. Mulingo wazaka ndi zaka 14, koma nthawi zambiri nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa zimayimiriridwa ndi nsomba zolemera makilogalamu atatu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40-60. Pikeperch imakula kutalika mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo imalemera mpaka 15 kilogalamu. Komabe, nyama yolusa imangofika pamiyeso yayikuluyo pokha pokha. Kulemera kwa nsomba kumachokera ku 3 mpaka 7 kg.
Pike nsomba
Pike perch imasungidwa mu maenje akuya okhathamira, mafunde amphepo, mitsinje yakale, yotambasuka pansi, yamchenga, pafupi ndi madamu ndi magombe otsetsereka, m'miyala kumbuyo kwamiyala ndi malovu amchenga, imakonda mitsinje yodzaza. Popewa kumera madera okhala, opanda kanthu komanso okhala madzi.
Pike perch imagwidwa chaka chonse, nsonga yoluma imagwera pakati pa Meyi mpaka Julayi, komanso mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala. Kuluma kwambiri m'mawa kwambiri, madzulo ndi kulowa dzuwa. Pike perch imagwidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo pafupifupi chaka chonse: sizitenga kokha m'madzi opanda matope, koma nthawi yotentha kwambiri. Munthawi yamadzi, nyama yomwe imagwira kwambiri ikuwedza ndi thukuta logwirana ndi phokoso pamakoko a gudgeon, batu kapena magazi. Kutenga zonse kuchokera mchombo choyambira komanso choyenda (chosodza kapena choyimirira).M'mbiri zonsezi, nyambo iyenera kukhala pansi. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zina muziukweza pang'ono, kenako ndikutsitsa. Kuchokera m'bwatomo osuntha amangodziunjikira m'malo akuya okha (3 mita kapena kupitilira).
Amakhalanso ndi nyambo zanyambo zokumbira: kupota ndi kuthana ndi nyambo zazitali. Ma Spinner amaika mitundu yopapatiza, yayitali, ya silvery (osachepera mbali imodzi). Spinning imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamisipu ndi mizere. Mabowo akuya amakola nyambo yokhotakhota, akumasewera m'madzi apansi ndi pakati. M'malo ambiri osungira (m'mphepete mwa nyanja) kapena m'malo otsika (osungirako), nsomba za pike perch zimachitidwa mozungulira.
Zander atha kugwidwa popanda vuto lililonse: kupindika, ndodo zoyandama, abulu, ma vents, ma mugs, kupondaponda ndi kuyendetsa kuchokera m'bwatomo, kuwedza ndi kugwedezeka ndikugwira ntchito. M'nyengo yozizira, kulumikizana kwa pike kuluma pama nyali yozizira ndi ndodo wamba yapausodzi yozizira, yokhala ndi mormyshka yayikulu kupota kukazizira, zinthu zina za nyengo yozizira - ma spinner, balancers ndi ma blitter, zimapambananso. Ndodo za usodzi ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zazikulu ndi chingwe cholimba.
Zakudyazi za pike perch: nyambo yamoyo (yosungunuka ndiyowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma imatha kugwidwa kuti ikhale yopanda magazi ndi chebak), mwachangu, nyama yansomba, yoyenda kunja, gulu la mphutsi, chipolopolo, chule, kupindika, leech, nyama yankhumba, komanso zida zingapo za silicone (ma vibro-michira, masamba . Kuphatikiza kwa nozzles 2 kapena kupitilira kungapereke bwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyambo yowoneka bwino imatha kukhala yothira kununkhira kwa nkhaka ndi nsomba zamadzi amchere kapena nyambo.
Pike perch ndi wofanana ndi pike nibble. Ngati muli ndi ndodo yodzanja m'manja, mutha kumva kugogoda pamene zander ikugwira nyambo. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kukoka chingwe chachingwe, pang'ono pike kuthamangira nyambo ndikukumeza, kenako kumasula chingwe chodziwombera ndi mamita 2-4 ndikulikoka. Kusodza kwa zander zazikulu kumatha kutenga nthawi yochulukirapo, muyenera kufooka mobwerezabwereza ndikukoka mzerewo mpaka nsomba ibweretsedwe mu ukonde.
Maonekedwe ndi dera
Pike perch ndi ponseponse m'madzi atsopano a Kum'mawa kwa Europe ndi Asia; imapezeka m'mitsinje ya Baltic, Black, Azov, Nyanja za Caspian, Aral, Issyk-Kul ndi Balkhash, komanso m'malo ena amphepete mwa nyanja.
Nsomba zazikulu. Malinga ndi zomwe boma likulembazo, anthu opitilira mita imodzi ndipo akulemera mpaka 10-15 makilogalamu amapezeka, ndipo mwina pali zitsanzo zazikulu. Chizindikiro ndi kupezeka kwa mano akulu owoneka ngati zibwano kumapiri, omwe amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa achikazi.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Ndi moyo, zander ndimakonda kudya. Amadyanso nsomba, ndipo anthu ang'onoang'ono amadyanso ma invertebrates am'madzi. Ndizokhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi ndi kukhalapo kwa kuyimitsidwa, chifukwa chake sichimapezeka m'matumba a madzi otumphuka. M'nyengo yotentha, imasungidwa pakuya kwa 2-5 m.Y imagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa wosanjikiza kumbuyo kwa retina, imatha kusaka bwino mu kuwala kochepa. Usiku, amalowa m'madzi osafunikira kapena kusaka pamwamba pamadzi, akukonza zomwe amati "nkhondo", zophulika ngati "zopanda pake". Madzulo, amasamukira kumalo okuya. Nthawi zambiri amakonda mchenga kapena mwala pansi, makamaka ngati pali zinthu zazikulu (driftwood, miyala, ndi zina) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pobisalira, popeza zander makamaka imangokhala ngati obisalira. Maziko azakudya nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nsomba zokhala ndi thupi loonda. Monga lamulo, awa ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono zamphongo, minnuna, magazi kapena tyulka, chifukwa cha izi ndi khosi yopapatiza mwachilengedwe. Nsomba zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera nsomba zander pa nyambo yamoyo.
Zander amalimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Sudak ku Russia Far East
Mu 1960s ndi 1970s, akatswiri a ichthyologists adatulutsa ana aang'ono mu Nyanja ya Khanka. Pike perch pang'onopang'ono idazika mizu, mwina ndikutsutsidwa mwamphamvu ndi nsomba zamtchire. Sudak adatsikira Ussuri, wopezeka mumtsinje wa Amur m'matchalitchi a amateur anglers. Omwe amapikisana ndi ma Pike poganizira malo ndi njira zopangidwira chakudya ndi aukha ndi mapiri.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Zander imatha kusuntha maulendo ataliatali, koma imasweka m'malo omwe mumakonda, makamaka m'madzi osaya, osowa kwambiri akuya - 7 metres. Ngati m'masiku oyenera kuzama kwazokulirapo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi madzi oyera, ndiye ndikutuluka, amasankha thupi ndikukhala chete. Zander zimamera m'ngululu, pomwe madzi amakhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 12.
Pike nsomba
Pakukula, magawano amagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amphongo ambiri wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Yaikazi imapeza malo oti ikayikire mazira ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira, imatsuka kapena imapanga dzenje lalitali mpaka 60 cm ndikuzama masentimita 10. M'mamawa, wamkazi pamalo owongoka (mutu pansipa) amayamba kutulutsa.
Ndi nsomba yayitali iti yomwe imatha kuweruzidwa ndikuti mayi wolemera kilogalamu eyiti amatha kuyikira mazira 1 miliyoni. Mazira amakhala achikasu achikuda ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 mm. Kuchulukitsa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi nsomba imodzi - wamkulu wamwamuna, iye amathirira madzi pang'onopang'ono mkaka.
Ntchito za bambo wamtsogolo zimaphatikizanso kuteteza mazira. Komabe, ntchitoyi itha kuperekedwa kwa wamwamuna wamkulu kwambiri pagululi. Wamphongo samalola munthu kupita ku chisa (anthu ambiri am'madzi amatha kudya mosavuta caviar) ndipo amapitilira madziwo nthawi zonse. Pokhapokha mphutsi zonse zitatuluka mazira, wotetezayo amatha kukhala waulere ndikupita kumadzi akuya.
Mphutsi mpaka 4 mm kutuluka mazira pafupifupi masiku khumi atabereka, sangathe kudya okha. Pakupita masiku angapo, amafalikira kumadera osiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kudya payokha mitengo yaying'ono.
Fry kuchokera ku mphutsi imapangidwa mwachangu, ndiye amapanga mawonekedwe a nsomba wamkulu. Chakudya cha nsomba chotalika masentimita awiri ndi crustaceans yaying'ono, kukula kwacinyamata kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba kapena abale awo osachedwa.
Kuchulukitsa kumadalira kupezeka kwa malo abwino odyetserako zakudya komanso malo okhala. Nsomba zimayamba kumera koyamba zaka pafupifupi 3-4 pambuyo pobadwa. Chiyembekezo cha zander ndi zaka 13 mpaka 17.
Nsomba za Pikeperch. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, moyo ndi malo okhala zander
Zander wamba - nsomba zazovala zapakatikati. Akatswiri azomera amati zander ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ndi anthu apabanja. Asodzi - monga chinthu chosodza kutchova juga. Ma cookie ndi amayi apakhomo - monga maziko a nsomba.
Pikeperch ndiofala pakati pa mitsinje yayikulu komanso yayikulu ku Eurasia. Kumpoto, imapezeka pakamwa pa mitsinje ya Siberia. Ku Far East titha kugwidwa ndi madzi a Nyanja ya Hanko. Kum'mwera ankayang'ana mitsinje ndi nyanja za Anatolia. Kumadzulo, kukhala ndi pike perch kumaphatikizapo madera onse abwino aku Europe.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Zander — nsomba zopatsa chidwi. Zofanana ndi madzi awiri oyera, otchuka kwambiri komanso otakataka: perch ndi pike. Thupi la pike lozungulira pike ndilopanda kanthu, lalitali, ndi mbali zopindika pang'ono. Amayamba ndi kuwomba, kozungulira.
Pakamwa, pali pofunika kukhala ngati nyama yolusa. Mphezi zopanga bwino zili pa nsagwada zonse, ziwiri papansi ndi ziwiri kumtunda. Kuphatikiza kwa ma fangali ndi pakati pawo kunali mano ang'ono, owala, opindika. Mwachidziwikire, zida zowoneka ngati maxillofacialzi zimatha kugwira ndikugwira nsomba zomwe zimathamanga.
Kuti mugwire nyama yake, muyenera kuwona kaye, kumva. Makina owonera ndi mtundu waukulu wazomwe chilengedwe chomwe zander chimadalira. Maso a nsomba ndi akulu, ozungulira, okhala ndi iris. M'mitsinje ndi m'madzi nthawi zonse madzi samawonekera. Koma kuwona kwa zander sikulephera.
Pamtunda wakutsogolo kwa mutu wa pikeperch muli mphuno: mabowo awiri kutsogolo kwa diso lililonse. Kuchokera kwa iwo kumadutsa mkati kupita ku ziwalo za fungo. Mosiyana ndi ziwalo zomwe zimazindikira fungo, zander zothandizira zilibe zinthu zakunja. Phokoso limafalikira kudzera m'mafupa a chigaza kupita kumanzere kumanzere kumanzere kwamphamvu. Kumva kuchokera zander sikuli koyipa. Kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti nsomba imamva mawu omwe amapangidwa pagombe, mwachitsanzo, masitepe a munthu.
Mosiyana ndi kumva, palibe amene adayesa ziwalo za kukoma mu zander. Koma ali. Awa ndi magulu a maselo achilengedwe olandirira mkati mkamwa ndi thupi lonse. Maselo owoneka bwino amagwira ntchito yogwira. Sakhala osanjidwa m'malo ena. Kukhudza pike "kumamva khungu."
Chamoyo chapadera kwambiri ndi nsomba. Amathamanga limodzi ndi thupi. Gawo lolumikizana la mzere ndi ngalande yokhala ndi maselo achilengedwe. Amalumikizidwa ndi dziko lakunja kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Imatumiza chidziwitso cha kuwongolera ndi mphamvu ya mtsinje wamadzi kupita ku ubongo wa nsomba. Nsomba yomwe yasiya kuiwala imatha kupulumuka chifukwa chongoyang'ana pachidacho.
Mu zander, mzere wotsatira ndi wowonekera bwino podutsa. Imayamba kuchokera pazakutchira za gill. Amakonzedwa ngati keke yosanjikiza: choyambirira chimakhazikitsidwa, chotsatiridwa ndi zokutira, kenako chophimba, ndipo pamapeto. Mapangidwe awa amapereka kudalirika kwapadera pakutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa magwiritsidwe a gill.
Pamalo pomwe gill imathera, dorsal fin imayamba. Imakhala pafupifupi mzere wonse wamkati mwa thunthu ndipo imagawika pawiri. Yoyamba imakhala ndi 12-15 spikes. Maziko a gawo lachiwiri la ma forsal fin ndi pafupifupi ma elan 20. Mwanjira yowonjezeredwa, dorsal fin ya zander, makamaka theka loyamba, ikufanana ndi ndalama ya perch ndipo siyotsika nayo mu kukhazikika.
Komwe kumapeto kwa dorsal mu pike perch, mchira umayamba. Nayo, ili ndi zida zakunyumba, zofananira, zamagetsi zamphamvu. Kukula ndi kapangidwe ka finyo imanena za nsomba zomwe zimathamanga kwambiri.
Monga dorsal, sub-caudal, apo ayi anal, fin ya pike perch ndi yopanda chiwongolero. Wokhala ndi ma spikes atatu, pang'ono wokutidwa ndi zikopa. Thupi lotsika la pikeperch limakhala ndi njira zina ziwiri zoyenda: zipsepse zam'mimba komanso zam'mimba. Ziwalo zonse ziwiri ndizosambira, zophatikizika.
Kuchulukana kwa thupi, tsatanetsatane wa thupi, mphamvu zake zimakhudzidwa ndi kukhalanso nyama. Mbali yachilengedwe ya zander ndiko kumeza nyama yonse. Nthawi zina zimakhala nsomba zazinkhanira, achule, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala nsomba. Wobetchera wogwidwa amatha kukhala wamkulu kapena wocheperako, koma nthawi zonse amakhala wachinyengo.
Chifukwa chake, pharynx ndi esophagus ya pike perch ndizolimba komanso zowonjezera. Mimba siinanso zotanuka. Ziwalo zonse zamkati za zander zimapangidwa mosamalitsa kumtunda kwa thupi ndipo zimasunthidwa kumutu. Pang'onopang'ono pitani pansi pa mayiko.
Dera lam'mimba limakhala laulere. Amadzaza pomwe zander ameza nsomba. Mimba yowuma imatenga malo omwe kalealibe. Atameza nsomba, pike wadikirira kuti ayambe kugayidwa, pokhapokha atayambiranso kusaka.
Phula wamba lili ndi abale ochepa. Onsewa ndi mamembala a banja la Percidae, dzina lodziwika bwino la banjali ndi lapa. Mitundu, momwe zander imakhazikika monga mtundu, imakhala ndi dzina lasayansi la Sander. Mulinso mitundu 9.
- Pike wamba. Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka. Dongosolo lake dzina ndi Sander lucioperca.
- Za zander. Gulu lowerengera limaphatikizidwa ndi dzina la Sander vitreus. Mtundu wopepuka wa zipsepse zamtunduwu, mtunduwu umatchedwa kuti pike wowala.
- Mitundu yaku North America - zander waku Canada. Imapezeka mumtsinje wa St. Lawrence, womwe umadutsamo mitsinje ndi nyanja zamadzi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi amadzi. Sander canadensis ndi dzina lasayansi la New World wokhala pano.
- Nyanja pike - mitundu yokhayo yomwe idasinthira mitsinje ndi nyanja yamadzi abwino m'malo otseguka. Amakhala m'madzi a Caspian komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda. Dzina lachi Latin - Sander marinus.
- Matenda a Russia - Volga zander. Asodzi ndi eni malo amutcha bersh. Samaganizira kuti nsomba iyi ndi nsomba zambiri, koma amaidziwa kuti ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba zomwe zimadyedwa. Ngakhale bersh ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya zander yokhala ndi dzina loti Sander olgensis.
Zander ali ndi mawu ofanana. Anthu okhala kumpoto chakumadzulo akudziwa za Ladoga pike perch, asodzi a Novgorod agwira Ilmen pike perch, okhala ku Karelia akuwombera zolimba pike. Pali maina ena akumaloko: Syrdarya pike perch, Ural pike perch, Amudarya pike perch, Kuban pike perch, Don pike perch, mtsinje zander. Akalankhula za pike perch ponseponse, amatchulika dzinali popanda kumveketsa komanso chofanizira, amatanthauza kuti pike wamba. Ikhoza kuonedwa ngati mutu wa banja la zander.
Pike nsomba
Zander amagwidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chimodzi mwa nyengo zabwino kwambiri izi ndi nyengo yozizira. Spinner nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Anasinthidwa ndi khonde. Ili ndiye mtundu wamakono kwambiri wamagetsi. Komanso m'madzi otseguka, zander zitha kutengedwa pa kilka.
Pa usodzi wamtunduwu, nsomba zodula zimagulidwa. Asanayambe kuwedza, amasungidwa mufiriji. Pa ayezi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba 20-25 patsiku. Ndizosatheka kunena kuti ndizingati zomwe zimabweretsa zander.
Kuti musodzi wopambana wa zander kulibe magiya abwino okwanira, muyenera kudziwa malo osungirako, malo omwe zander zazikulu zimatha kuyimirira. Ndiye kuti, maenje, amapuma ndi zigoba pansi. Kugwera nyengo yozizira, kusedza nkhuku kumapereka mwayi wochepa wogwira.
Kubwera kwa masika, kuzindikira kwa zander kumatha kugwa. Ndi kusungunuka kwa ayezi, matalala, madzi amayamba kufika. Pakadali pano, muyenera kutenga ndodo yopopera. Kupeza malo omwe zander adakhazikika sikovuta. Pakatikati, imaphatikizidwa ndimagulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta nthawi yachisanu.
Mawaya otumphukira pansi ndi njira imodzi yopezera zander. Mmodzi yemwe amaganiza akuti kuthamangitsa kumayenera kupitiliza malowa. Kuganiza motere kumakupatsani mwayi woti mugwire nsomba zabwino.
Kufika kwa kasupe kumayenderana ndikuyamba kwa zhora kokutira: zander zimayamba kulemera zisanayambe. Pakadali pano, kupota kumakulolani kuti mupeze nsomba pa nyambo yosiyana kwambiri: sipinachi kapena Spat yomweyo. Munthawi yowerengera komanso nthawi pambuyo pake, pike perch sayankha misampha ya asodzi.
Poyenda kutali ndi mavuto omwe amabwera, nsomba zimayambiranso. Nthawi ndi nthawi nsomba zimakonda kudzisankhira: Zimayamba kusiya ziwonetsero zomwe kale zidkagwira zolakwika. Mwambiri, masika ndi nthawi yovuta kwa nsomba. Kuti apeze njira yofikira, asodzi amayenera kuyang'ana malo abwino ndi zabwino zonse.
Kupondaponda ndi njira yakale kwambiri yodziwitsira nsomba. Itha kuonedwa ngati njira yamakono yogawa usodzi panjanji. Makalata mwanjira imeneyi amagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, makamaka nyengo yamasika.
Nyambo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo yopondera pansi. Zodziwika bwino. Nyambo yoyenera ndi kuya komwe imachitikira ndi magawo awiri a kupambana kwa kupha nsomba za pikeperch. Izi zikutsimikizira zazikulu chithunzi cha pike.
Asodzi, omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe, amasankha kuwedza kuti asunge nyambo. Munjira iyi, zimatengera kulimba, kusuntha kwa nsomba-nozzles. Monga chiwonetsero chazonse, ma ventilators nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. Uku ndikuwona kotsimikizika komwe kumagwira ntchito bwino mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira.
