Ma Hedgehogs ndi ngwazi zamankhwala ambiri opeka ndi zojambulajambula; akhala akudziwika kwa ife tonse kuyambira tili ana. M'nyengo yotentha, dzuwa litalowa, nyama zosangalatsa izi zimatha kukumana osati pamphepete mwa nkhalango, komanso m'misewu yamtendere yam'midzi, m'mapaki amzindawu, komanso m'minda momwe amafunafuna chakudya - kafadala, mphutsi ndi zina zam'madzi.

Kodi ma hedgehogs amakhala kuti?

Ma Hedgehogs adawonekera Padziko lapansi zaka zoposa 15 miliyoni zapitazo. Masiku ano amakhala ku Western ndi Central Europe, gawo la ku Europe la Russia, New Zealand, Scandinavia, Kazakhstan. Amapezekanso ku Far East ndi Siberia. Amakonda kukhala m'nkhalangozi, m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhalango. Mu mitengo yayitali yaudzu, mizu ya mitengo yakale, imatha kubisala kwa adani (nkhandwe, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, nkhumba zamtchire, akhwangwala, mbendera ndi mitengo yayikulu). Pewani misifiliti yambiri, mapiri ndi madambo.

Mitundu ina imakhala kumapiri owuma ku Africa komanso Middle East.

Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs

Banja la hedgehog (Erinaceidae) limaphatikizapo mabanja awiri apabanja: Ezhinie, kapena hedgehogs weniweni (Erinaceinae), ndi anthem (Galericinae) (otchedwa rat hedgehogs). Olimbitsa thupi, mosiyana ndi ma hedgehogs odziwika odziwika ndi singano, amakanidwa "zokongoletsera" zotere.

The subfamily Real urchins imagwirizanitsa mitundu 15 ya hedgehogs m'mitundu inayi:

Oimira gulu la hedgehog la ku Africa:

1. Algerian,
2. Oyera-oyera
3. Chisomali,
4. Waku South Africa.

Mitundu iwiri ndi yamtundu wa Steppe urchins:

Mitundu ya hedgehogs ya kuuro ya Europe imaphatikizapo:

1. Kum'mawa kwa Europe
2. Amur
3. Wamba kapena European.

Genus Eared Hedgehogs:

1. Apodal,
2. Mmwenye,
3. Collared
4. Singano yakuda
5. Mwaitopiya,
6. Hedgehog wautali wautali

Mu nyama za ku Russia, mitundu itatu ya nyama izi imapezeka: wamba (European hedgehog), Daurian hedgehog ndi eared hedgehog. Hedgehog wamba ndi wamkulu kwambiri komanso mitundu yambiri.

Khola la hedgehog limalemera pafupifupi theka la wamba. Amayeretsa dzina lake mokwanira: makutu ake ndi aatali kwambiri. Ku Russia, imagawidwa m'chigawo cha Lower Volga, ku North Caucasus, ku Tuva. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi hedgehog zitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.

Daurian hedgehog ndi wamkulu kuposa wowombera, chivundikiro chaminga pamutu sichisiyanitsidwa ndi kulekanitsa, monga ku Hedgehog yaku Europe. Kugawidwa ku Transbaikalia. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina pamtambo kuti nthawi yamitambo imagwiranso masana.

Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi hedgehog yakunyumba

Mitundu yonga ngati lamba la ku Africa posunga pakhomo ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa hedgehog wamba (European). Dwarf African Hedgehog - mtundu wosakanizidwa, woweta makamaka kuti azisamalira nyumba. Ndiwocheperako kuposa European momwe timakhalira, samatulutsa fungo, ndi wochezeka ndipo samazunza. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amuna a hedgehog achizungu okhala ku Africa sakhala ndi gawo, ndipo akazi mu akazi ndi ochepa.

Zojambula zakunja za hedgehogs

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 14-30 cm, mchirawo ndi wamtali wa 3. Kukula kwa hedgehog kutengera ngati nyamayo ndi yochokera ku Africa kapena ku Europe. Ma hedgehogs aku Africa amakula mpaka masentimita 24, ma hedgehogs aku Europe amakula - mpaka 30 cm. Amalemera kuchokera 0,7 mpaka 1.2 kg. Kulemera kwa nyama kumadalira nyengo: mkuwa ndi omwe amapeza bwino.

Utoto wa ma hedgehogs amatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono. Mbali yakumtunda nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira yakuda ndi maupangiri owala ndi ma singano, koma imakhala yakuda kapena yoyera. Mimba, kutengera mtundu, imakhala yofiirira, imvi kapena yakuda, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi malo oyera pachifuwa. Mutu ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuthwa, lomwe limapangitsa kuti ma dengu kuti asadzimadzire okha ndi singano akukulunga mu mpira. Matanga okhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, miyendo yakumbuyo pang'ono pang'ono kuposa yakutsogolo. Pali zala zisanu phazi lililonse.

Ma Hedgehogs ali ndi phokoso lalitali lam'manja, maso akuda ozungulira komanso makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Tsitsi kumaso limasiyanasiyana kuyambira loyera lachikasu mpaka loyera. Mphuno yakuthwa, yokhala ngati mphuno ya agalu, imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.

Mitembo yambiri ya nyama imakutidwa ndi singano mpaka masentimita atatu kutalika. Singano amateteza nyama monga chitetezo chabwino kwa adani ambiri: wopindika mu mpira wamiyendo, hedgehog imakhala yosagonjetseka ndi adani. Pakati pa mutu pali mzere wosakutidwa ndi singano kapena tsitsi.

Hedgehog singano

Singano ndi "tsamba loyendera" la ma hedgehogs; amakwirira kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa nyama. Ma hedgehogs akuluakulu ali ndi singano zopitilira 5,000. Singano ndi tsitsi losinthidwa. M'mphepete mwa nyama mutha kuwona singano zowonda kwambiri komanso tsitsi lakuthwa, kuwonetsa kukula kwa enawo.

Singano za Hedgehog ndizopepuka komanso zolimba, chilichonse chimakhala ndi zipinda zazing'onoting'ono zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zina ndi mbale zowonda. Pafupi ndi m'munsi, singano timaboweka kukhosi loonda, kenako ndikukulanso ndi mpira yaying'ono wokhala pakhungu. Chida choterocho chimathandizira kuti chilichonse chakunja pa singano (mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka pamene chikugwa) chimatsogolera kukugwedezeka kwa gawo lawo loonda, ndipo osayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa singano mthupi la hedgehog. Minofu yaying'ono imalumikizidwa m'munsi mwa singano iliyonse, yomwe imalowetsa khondo. Nthawi zambiri minofu imeneyi imakhala yotsitsimuka ndipo singano imakonzedwa. Pazowopsa, hedgehog sagundika pomwepo pa mpira, poyamba imangokweza singano ndikudikirira kuti chiwopsezo chithe. Ma singano akweza okhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa amata mbali zosiyanasiyana mbali zosiyanasiyana, kudutsa wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi zida zosavomerezeka.

Kodi hedgehog imapindika bwanji kukhala mpira?

Aliyense amadziwa kuthekera kwa ma hedgehogs kupindika pa mpira wamiyendo. Koma kodi amachita bwanji? Chowonadi ndi chakuti pansi pa khungu lawo pamakhala minofu yamphamvu, yomwe imapangidwa kwambiri m'mbali kuposa mkati mwa kumbuyo, ndikupanga mphete yotsekedwa - minofu yozungulira. Minofu yozungulira ikazungulira, imakhala ngati chingwe chomwe chimakoka potsegula chikwama. Ngati hedgehog ikayamba kupindika, minyewa iwiri yaying'ono imayamba kukankhira khungu ndi chovala cha singano ndi minyewa ya mphete yomwe imagona pansi pake mpaka kumapeto ndi mbali, ndiye kuti minyewa yozungulira, mutu ndi kumbuyo imakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi mphamvu, ndipo singano imaphimba mbali ziwalo zosatetezedwa. Chipangizochi ndi chothandiza kwambiri kuziteteza ku nkhandwe, agalu, ankhandwe, mbalame zamphongo.

Masingano mosakayikira ndi chitetezo chabwino. Komabe, sasunga ma hedgehogs ku tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi, m'malo mwake, amakonda ntchito yawo yofunikira pa nyama. Kupatula apo, chivundikiro chosavomerezeka sichimalola kuti ma hedgehogs atsukidwe. Nyama zina zimakhala phokoso kwa utoto masauzande ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehogs akuvutika ndi mycoses.

Mawonekedwe

Hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 20-30 cm, mchira - pafupifupi 3 cm thupi - 700-800 g. Makutu ndi ochepa (nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera 3.5 cm). Phokoso ladzaza. Mphuno za nyamayo ndi lakuthwa ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Ma hedgehogs wamba okhala ku Kupuro ali ndi makutu akuluakulu. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba, ma hedgehogs ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono okwana 20, ndipo otsika - 16. Zomangira zapamwamba zimasanjidwa kwambiri, kusiya malo omenyedwa ndi zitsulo zam'munsi. Mutuwo ndi wokulirapo, wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi mbali yakumaso. Pa paws, zala 5 zokhala ndi zopindika zakuthwa. Miyendo ya kumbuyo ndi yayitali kuposa kutsogolo. Ma singano a hedgehog wamba ndi afupia, osapitirira masentimita 3. Pamutu, singano imagawidwa m'magawo awiri ndi "kugawa". Pamwamba pa singano ndi yosalala, mtundu wake umakhala ndi malamba osinthika komanso opepuka. Kumbuyo, mbali ndi mutu, singano zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 2. Mkati mwake mulibe, mkati mwake mumadzaza mpweya. Singano amakula pamlingo womwewo. Pakati pa singano ndi tsitsi loonda, lalitali, lalifupi kwambiri. Mutu ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi coarse ndipo nthawi zambiri tsitsi lakuda. Mu ma hedgehogs akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri 5-6,000 singano, mwa achichepere pafupifupi 3,000.

Pamaso, miyendo ndi m'mimba za ma hedgehogs wamba, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuyambira oyera oyera achikasu mpaka bulauni. Tsitsi lofiirira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Chifuwa ndi mmero wa hedgehog ndizolimba, popanda mawonekedwe oyera oyera. Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala ku Spain ali ndi utoto wotuwa.

Habitat

Mtundu wamba wa hedgehog umakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kupewa malo osambira kwambiri komanso nkhalango zowirira nthawi zonse. Zoyala za m'mphepete, m'mphepete, m'miyala yaying'ono, mitsinje yamadzi. Amatha kukhala pafupi ndi bambo. Ku Europe, hedgehog wamba amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zotseguka, m'madambo, m'malo otetezeka, m'minda yamchenga komanso m'mapaki.

Moyo

Hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yomwe imagwira ntchito usiku. Sakonda kuchoka kunyumba kwawo kwanthaŵi yayitali. Ma Hedgehogs amatha tsiku chisa kapena malo ena obisalamo.

Zingwe zimamangidwa m'misamba, m'maenje, m'mapanga, m'miyala yomayidwa ndi makoswe kapena m'mizu yamitengo. Nthawi zambiri, chisachi ndi 15 cm masentimita awiri; chimakhala ndi zinyalala za udzu kapena masamba, mbewa. Mothandizidwa ndi zala zazitali zapakati, ma hedgehogs amasamalira spines yawo. Nyama zankhondo zimanyambita lilime. Amunawa amakhala okwiyirana, kuteteza masamba awo mwachangu. Malo amtundu woterewa amuna ndi 7-7 ha, ndipo mwa akazi - 6-10 ha. Kukhetsa mu hedgehogs wamba kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwamasika kapena yophukira. Pafupifupi, singano imodzi yokha mwa zosintha zitatu pachaka. Singano iliyonse imakula miyezi 12-18. Mwachilengedwe, nyama izi zimakhala ndi zaka 3-5, mu ukapolo zimatha kukhala zaka mpaka 8-10.

Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri kukula kwawo. Amatha kuthamanga mothamanga mpaka 3 m / s, amatha kusambira ndikudumpha. Mukamayenda ndikuthamanga, ma hedgehogs amapondera pansi ndi mapazi awo onse. Monga nyama zambiri zamadzulo, hedgehog satha kuona bwino, koma amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kumva. M'chilimwe, kugunda kwamphamvu ndi ma contractions a 180 pamphindi, mu hibernation, ma frequency amachepetsa mpaka 20-60 kugunda pamphindi, pomwe ma hedgehogs amatenga mpweya umodzi wokha pamphindi. Ndi isanayambike chisanu, ma hedgehogs aku Europe atseka mwamphamvu khomo la dzenje ndikugwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Pa hibernation, kutentha kwa thupi kwa hedgehog kumatsika mpaka 1.8 ° C. M'chilimwe, amafunika kusunga mafuta ambiri momwe angathere, chifukwa ngati hedgehog wamba amawabisa popanda mafuta okwanira (osakwana 500 g), ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira amakhala pangozi yoti afe ndi njala. Pambuyo pa hibernation, sichichoka pachisa mpaka kutentha kwa mpweya kukwera mpaka 15 ° C. Ma hedgehogs wamba amakhala moyo wamtundu, koma khalani pafupi.

Tithokoze pantchito yophunzirira a hedgehog ku Europe ku New Zealand, zidapezeka kuti, atapezeka kuti ali ndi nyengo yatsopano, a hedgehogs "adayiwala" kusawuka kwawo ndipo anali ofunitsitsa kugona usiku zisa zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs sanangophatikizira zipatso za mbewu zachilengedwe m'zakudya zawo, koma nthawi zina ankayamba pafupifupi kusinthitsa chakudya chawo chanyama wamba.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Tizilombo ta hedgehog wamba ndi nyama yodabwitsa. Maziko ake amapanga zakudya zophatikizana ndi akuluakulu, mbozi, mavu, nthawi zina nyongolotsi, mbewa. Munthawi zachilengedwe, ma vertebrates samadziwika kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri omwe amavutitsidwa ndi hedgehog amakhala obisala komanso ophibians. Zomera zimatha kudya zipatso ndi zipatso. Mosiyana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala, hedgehogs nthawi zambiri samadya njoka, popeza maziko a chakudya cha hedgehogs ndi tizilombo (mu hedgehogs okhala ku New Zealand, maziko a chakudyacho ndi zipatso za mbewu zachilengedwe). Mu 1811, P.S.as Pallas adayeseza kuti ma hedgehogs osadzivulaza adadya boilers yokhala ndi poizoni wambiri wa nyama zina. Ma Hedgehogs samathandizanso poizoni monga arsenic, mercuric chloride, opium, komanso hydrocyanic acid. Inde, milingo yayikulu kwambiri ya ziphe ndi zovulaza ma hedgehogs, koma Mlingo womwe umapha nyama zina, komanso anthu, suvulaza hedgehogs.

Makoswe, omwe nthawi zina samaphatikizana ndi mbewa zenizeni zochulukirapo kuposa ma voales ochepa, samapezeka mwachilengedwe komanso ang'onoang'ono. Mwa tizilombo todyedwa ndi hedgehog, ena ovulala adadziwika (mwachitsanzo, kafadala wa Meyi, kafadala, waubweya wamtchire, mbozi zamtundu wa silika, nyemba zosaluka.

Mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono zilizonse zokhala pansi zimadyanso.

Kuswana

Pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yozizira, maudzu akuluakulu amayamba nthawi yakukhwima. Pakati pa amuna, ndewu nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha akazi. Amuna amaluma miyendo, nkhope, kukokana, kugwiritsa ntchito singano zawo pomenya nkhondo. Pankhondoyo, ma hedgehogs amalira mofuula komanso kuwombera. Nkhondo itatha, wopambanayo amawzungulira kwa maola ambiri pafupi ndi wamkazi. Pakukhwima, yamphongo imakhala kumbuyo kwa mkazi. Amayi aakazi ali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi, ndipo mbolo yamphongo ili mkati mwamimba, chifukwa cha izi, safunikira kukwera kwathunthu wamkazi. Asanakhwime, wamkazi amasenda minga mosamala ndikukutira kumbuyo. Pambuyo pa mating, hedgehogs amabalalika. Pothawirapo, hedgehog mwina amakumba ake bolodi kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomata zotsalira. M'dzenjemo muli zinyalala za udzu wouma ndi masamba.

Monga lamulo, wamkazi amabweretsa ana amodzi pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 49. Mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana a 3-8 (nthawi zambiri 4). Ma Hedgehogs amabadwa amaliseche, akhungu, ali ndi khungu lowala la pinki, thupi lawo ndi magalamu 12 okha. Maola ochepa atabadwa, hedgehog imakhala ndi singano zoyera komanso zakuda. Chophimba chithunthu chokwanira chimapangidwa ndi tsiku la 15 la moyo. Kuchepetsa kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Zikatha, hedgehog imayamba kudzidalira. Amakula pofika miyezi 10-12.

Phindu ndi kuvulaza anthu

Ordinary hedgehog ndiwothandiza pakuwonongeranso tizilombo toopsa: pakati pa tizilombo timene timadyapo ndi maFuchi, Meyi mbozi ndi mbozi zopanda silika. Nthawi yomweyo, hedgehog amawononga anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame zazing'ono zokhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, pa Outer Hebrides, ma hedgehogs omwe adalowetsedwa adasandulika kukhala tizirombo zenizeni zomwe zimawononga chimango cha mbalame monga snipe, dunlin, nkhono ndi lapwing.

Hedgehog imatha kukhala chonyamula matenda monga dermatomycosis, fever, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, matenda a chiwewe. Nkhupakupa ndi utitiri zimapezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika kwa nkhupakupa za ixodid (zonyamula ma encephalitis, tularemia, abesiosis, equine pyroplasmosis pathogens) zawonetsa kuti ma hedgehogs ndi amodzi mwa magulu omwe nkhupakupa zimadya m'magawo onse a chitukuko. M'malo a nkhalango, ma hedgehogs amatenga nthata, kuphatikiza encephalitis, kuposa nyama zina zilizonse, popeza chivundikiro chake, monga burashi, chimagwirizanitsa nthata ndi udzu. Kuchokera nkhupakupa zomwe zidalowa pakati pa singano, hedgehog siyitha kuchotsa.

Hedgehog ndiofala kwambiri, nthawi zina mitundu yambiri. Imasinthika mosavuta ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ngati chiweto. Amadziwika kuti Aroma kale m'zaka za IV. BC e. ma hedgehogs adakhazikitsidwa nyama - idaphikidwa ndi singano mu dongo. Zikopa za Hedgehog zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri povala zikopa:

Ma Hedgehogs enieniwo ndi osathandiza pamoyo wamunthu, monga ambiri a ife timaganizira, chifukwa ngati akanakhala opanda singano, zikopa zofewa zazikakhala zopanda ntchito kwa anthu omwe amafa: pambuyo pa zonse, hedgehog imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala. Komabe, apa ufulu wapadera wogulitsa malonda udadzetsa kuti ogulitsa omwe ali nawo amapindula ndi ndalama zambiri, palibe vuto lina lililonse lomwe limafunikira pamilandu yayikulu ku Seneti, ndipo kunalibe mfumu imodzi yomwe sikukadandaula khungu labodza la hedgehog (Pliny Wakale, Mbiri Yachilengedwe VIII. 135).

Zithandizo zina za wowerengeka (makamaka zamadazi) zimaphatikizapo phulusa, bile, zamkati, kapena magazi a hedgehog.

Zambiri

• Mukakumana ndi chinthu chonunkhira mwamphamvu, ma hedgehogs amawonetsa machitidwe achilendo omwe amadziwika kuti amadzipaka okha. Chingwe cholumikizira chinthucho mpaka malovu ofunda atayamba kutuluka, ndikuwachotsa ndi singano.
• Nthawi zina ma hedgehogs amatha kubaya ndudu za ndudu kapena ubweya wa thonje wokhala ndi zonunkhira za singano. Machitidwe a machitidwe awa sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Mwina, iyi ndi njira yolimbana ndi majeremusi.
• Chikhulupiriro chofala choti hedgehogs chimatulira chakudya pama singano ndikulakwitsa.(Mwachitsanzo, ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba kuti hedgehogs ikhoza kudulira maapulo kapena bowa pa singano zawo). Wolemba cholakwachi ndi Pliny Mkulu, yemwe adalemba mu Natural History:

LVl 133. Kwa nthawi yozizira, chakudya ndi ma hedgehogs zimasungidwa: atagudubuza maapulo omwe agwa, ma hedgehogs amawakhazikitsa kumbuyo kwawo ndikuwagwira apulo ina mkamwa mwawo, ndikuwasamutsa kuzenje za mitengo.

Kufotokozera kwanyama

Hedgehog ndi nyama yaying'ono yomwe imadya tizilombo. Kulemera kwake kumafika mpaka makilogalamu 1.2, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 20 cm. Nthawi zambiri, amuna amakula pang'ono kuposa akazi. Kuphimba kwa hedgehog ndi kwamtali, ndipo ndikokulirapo.

Maso a nyama ndi ochepa komanso amalephera kuona bwinobwino. Koma, pobwerera m'maso, hedgehog ali ndi mphatso mwachilengedwe pomva komanso kununkhira bwino. Pali makutu ang'ono pamwamba pa hedgehog, ndi masharubu afupikitsa pafupi ndi mphuno.

Pofuna kuyenda mosavuta, miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndiyotalika pang'ono kuposa kutsogolo. Chidacho chimakhala ndi mano makumi atatu mphambu asanu ndi limodzi ndi misomali yayitali pa zala zisanu zilizonse. Izi ndi zida zake zopezera chakudya chake.

Wamba hedgehog - chithunzi chodziwika bwino

Chithunzi cha munthu wokhala m'nkhalangoyi ndi mitengo yobiriwira imadziwika bwino kwambiri kwa aliyense. Kuchokera m'mabuku a ana, lingaliro la nyama yopanda mtima komanso yopanda vuto, yomwe imakonda kupezeka m'malire a nkhalango ndi misewu ya steppe, ikukhala molimba. Komwe dzina la hedgehog wamba limakhala ndi mizu ya Chilatini ndipo amatanthauzira ngati "zotchinga prickly".

Maonekedwe a Hedgehog ndi malo okhala

Pali mitundu yoposa 20 ya ma hedgehogs, koma ndi ofanana ndipo amadziwika chifukwa cha timiyendo tating'onoting'ono pamutu waukulu kwambiri kwa hedgehog wapakati mpaka 20 cm. Maso amaso ndi abwino komanso owoneka bwino, koma saona bwino. Koma kununkhira ndi kumva ndizabwino, ngakhale tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tonyowa ndikusuntha komanso makutu ndiyochepa.

Ambiri amalakwitsa amakhulupirira kuti porcupine ndi hedgehog - gulu la nyama ndi zomangira zabanja. M'malo mwake, kufanana kwawo ndi konyenga, achibale a ma hedgehogs amakhala pakati pa timadontho-timadontho, timabowo tating'onoting'ono komanso nyimbo zosadziwika. Chinyama ngati Hedgehog zovala zotchinga - osati wachibale wake nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake urchin yam'nyanja ndi nyama, osafanana ndi wokhala m'nkhalango kupatula dzina.

Hedgehog - nyama yosavulaza, kulemera kwakukulu kwachinyama kuli pafupifupi 800 g, koma pamaso pa kubisala kumayamba kulemera pafupifupi 1200 g. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya hedgehog ndi yofupikirapo kuposa kumbuyo, zala zisanu pachilichonse ndizokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Mchira wawung'ono mpaka 3 cm suwoneka pafupi ndi malaya ofunikira a nyama.

Ma singano opepuka a bulauni mpaka masentimita atatu, opanda kanthu mkati. Pansi pa singano iliyonse pamakhala ulusi wamisempha wokhoza kuukweza ndi kutsitsa. Pafupifupi 1-2 singano pazitatu pachaka zimakula ndikugwa mosiyanasiyana. Palibe kuponyera kwathunthu malaya aubweya, pang'onopang'ono, chivundikiricho chimapangidwanso chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Masingano amangoponyedwa ndi anthu odwala okha.

Chiwerengero cha singano mu hedgehog wamkulu amakafika 5-6 zikwi, ndipo mwa chinyama chaching'ono - mpaka 3zinayi 3,000. Tsitsi losalala pakati pa singano limabweranso, ndipo pamimba ndi pamutu ndizakuda komanso utoto. Chovala chofewa chofiirira chofala chimakhala chofala, koma pakati pa hedgehogs pali mitundu yamitundu yoyera ndi yamawonekedwe.

Gawo lodziwika bwino la hedgehogs limapindika ndi glickerulus yoyipa, ngati ili pangozi. Kutheka kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya minofu ya mphete, kuthekera kotambasira zigawo za khungu.

Munthawi imeneyi, nyamazo zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mpaka nthawi yowopseza itadutsa. Singano zimamera mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga khola laminga. Mpira wosalephera.

Zoweta nyama amakhala m'maiko awiri okha: Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Ngakhale kufanana kwa nyengo ya ku Europe ndi North America, hedgehogs kulibenso, ngakhale kuti zinthu zakale zomwe zatsalira zikuwonetsa kuti zinali zakale.

Nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi mapikidwe, zipululu, malo osefukira am mitsinje, mapiri, nthawi zina zipululu - malo okhala nyama zodabwitsika. Pewani malo opanda phokoso okha ndi ena osefukira. Dera lanu ma hedgehogs mdziko la nyama alibe chizindikiro, amakhala okhaokha kudera linalake, lomwe limawunikidwa nthawi zonse pofufuza chakudya.

Malo okhala ma Hedgeho nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala ndi anthu kapena zochitika zachuma: m'malo opaka, minda yosiyidwa, kunja kwa mizinda ndi minda ya tirigu. Thandizani ku nkhalango iyi kuyatsa moto, nyengo yozizira kapena yopanda chakudya.

Makhalidwe a Hedgehog ndi moyo wawo

Hedgehogs ndi nyama zausiku, Masana amabisala pakati pa masamba ndi masamba azitsamba, pakati pa mizu ya mbewu. Sakonda kutentha, kubisala m'makoma ozizira kapena zisa za udzu wouma, moss, masamba. Mizere yanyumba yotereyi ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa mwini wake, mpaka 20-25 cm. Apa nyamayo imasamalira chovala cha ubweya pachifuwa ndi pamimba, ndikunyambita ndi lilime.

Zala zazitali zapakati zimathandizira kuyeretsa minga ngati zingatheke, zomwe zimateteza kwa adani, koma zimatenga nkhupakupa ndi majeremusi ena. Pakati pa akatswiri azachilengedwe, pali lingaliro la ola limodzi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi ya kuyenda munkhalango.

Kusamba kwa asidi kumathandizira kuchotsa ma parasites, kotero ma hedgehogs amakonda "kusambira" mumaapulo owola kapena zipatso zina. Khalidwe ili limalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti hedgehogs ali ngati ma apulo kudya. Zokonda za nyama ndizosiyana.

Mumdima, kununkhira kosanunkha kumathandiza; kuwona ndi kumva kumathandizira. Zochita za nyamazo zimawonetsa njira, mpaka 3 km pausiku. Ma paws apafupi samakulolani kuti musunthe mwachangu, koma masitepe ofulumira amakunyamula mwachangu ma size awo mwachangu mpaka 3 m / s. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs ndi akulumpha abwino komanso osambira.

TO Kodi nyama zamtundu wa hedgehog ndi ziti? mwachilengedwe, aliyense amadziwa. Ndiwe wamtendere, koma ali ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe: mimbulu, nkhandwe, zala, mbewa, nkhanu, kadzidzi, mphutsi. Pakakumana ndi mdani, hedgehog yoyamba kudumphira chilombo kuti chizikula, kenako mpira wa singano umakhala bwalo losagonjetseka. Atagona ndi kufinya, wozunzayo amataya chidwi ndi nyama komanso masamba.

Koma pali njira zachinyengo zokonzera hedgehog yosavuta kuyang'ana. Awo kwa nyama zomwe zimadya ma hedgehogs, khalani ndi luntha la mdani. Chiwombankhanga chooneka bwino chikuwombera mwakachetechete ndikuyesetsa kugwira modzizwa.

Mamba mwamphamvu pamiyendo ya mbalame imateteza ku ma prickly prick. Nkhandwe imasilira poyendetsa hedgehog kuti ichithiritse madzi kapena kuigwetsera kuchokera kumtunda kupita dziwe. Nyama yoyandama yomwe imatsegula pamimba ndi kupukutira imayamba kugwidwa ndi chilombo.

M'malo mwake hedgehog ndi njoka wopambana adzakhala nyama yopanda mantha. Kugwira mchira wake ndikupindika mu mpira, iye amamukoka modekha pansi pake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kusasangalatsa kwa ma hedgehogs kwa ziphe zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, magazi olimbirana a mbozi kapena ma ladybugs, njoka ya njuchi, cantharidin ya ntchentche za m'mandimu sizimapweteketsa wokhala mmalo, ngakhale ziphe izi zimaphedwa ndi nyama zina.

Hydrocyanic acid, opium, arsenic kapena mercuric chloride sakhala ndi mphamvu pa hedgehogs. Pofika nthawi yophukira, nyama zimadziunjikira mafuta hibernation. Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs okhala kum'mwera akumadera amagwira ntchito chaka chonse.

Nthawi ya hibernation imadutsa dzenje. Kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika, ndipo zimachitika kumatsika mpaka 20-60 kumenyedwa pamphindi. Kudzuka kumachitika mchilimwe pomwe mpweya umayamba kutentha mpaka Epulo. Mafuta ochulukirapo osakwanira, nyamayo imatha kufa ndi njala.

A Hedgehogs amadziwa ziwembu zawo ndipo amawateteza ku adani awo. Akazi amakhala ndi mahekitala 10 am'madera, ndipo amuna - amuna kapena awiri. Kukhazikika kwawo kumawonetsedwa ndi kubangula kwamkokomo, kumveka ngati kuseza. Ana a Hedgehog amaliza mluzu komanso kulira ngati mbalame.

Hedgehog: Kufotokozera, kapangidwe, mawonekedwe. Kodi hedgehog amawoneka bwanji?

Malinga ndi gulu la zoological, hedgehogs ndi anyama amtundu wotchuka, dongosolo la hedgehogs, ndi banja la hedgehogs.

Kutalika kwa hedgehog, kutengera mtundu wake, kuyambira 10 mpaka 44. Komanso kulemera kwa hedgehog kumatha kukhala 300 g mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu. Nyama iyi imakhala ndi mchira, ndipo mchira wa hedgehog umakula kuyambira 1 mpaka 21 cm.

Mutu wa hedgehog ndi wawukulu kwambiri, wopingidwa ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo kupukutira ndi kotakata, umakongoletsedwa ndi mphuno ya hedgehog yonyamula nthawi zonse.

Mano a hedgehog, ngakhale ali ang'ono, ndi akuthwa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mano 20 pachikondwerero chapamwamba komanso 16 pamunsi. Mano awiri oyambawo amakhala akulu ndipo amawoneka ngati fang. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya hedgehogs ili ndi mano pafupifupi 44. Tsopano mukudziwa yankho la funso, kodi hedgehog ali ndi mano angati?

Miyendo yakumbuyo ya hedgehog ndi yayitali kuposa kutsogolo, miyendo iliyonse imakhala ndi zala zisanu. Kupatula kokha ndi hedgehog yoyera, yomwe imakhala ndi zala zinayi zokha pakatikati pake. Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zoyera ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amayeretsa masingano awo mothandizidwa ndi zala zazitali zapakati.

Minga lakuthwa kapena masingano a hedgehog ndi chizindikiro chake, mtundu wamtundu wa mayitanidwe a nyama iyi. Amaperekanso kuwateteza kwa adani - pakagwa ngozi, ma hedgehogs amapindika mpaka kukhala mpira, panja pomwe pamakhala minga yolimba, komanso kunyamula zakudya zosiyanasiyana - ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amalambira maapulo kapena bowa pama singano awo kuti awasamutsire ku mink yawo.

Pafupifupi, hedgehog iliyonse imakhala ndi singano 10,000. Mtundu wa singano zamitundu yambiri ya hedgehogs ndi wakuda komanso wamizeremizere kuwala. Utoto wa ubweya wa hedgehog, kutengera mtundu wake, umatha kukhala wa bulauni, mchenga, woderapo kapena woyera.

Pokhala nyama yausiku, hedgehog imakhala ndi maso osawona, koma yopanga bwino ndi fungo ndi kumva.

Ndipo ngakhale kuti hedgehogs ndi nyama zapamtunda, zimatha kusambira komanso kukwera mitengo.

Kodi ma hedgehogs amadya chiyani zachilengedwe?

Hedgehogs ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi zomwe zimadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana (maapulo, mapeyala, sitiroberi, rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda), bowa, mbewa, ma acorn, ndi nyama zina: tizilombo zazikulu (kafadala, akangaude, dzombe, mbozi, nyongolotsi), mazira a mbalame. Mitundu yayikulu ya hedgehogs imatha kusaka abuluzi, achule, mbewa. Popeza kuthana ndi ziphe, ma hedgehogs amakhalanso ndi njoka zapoizoni ndi zinkhanira.

Ma Hedgehogs ndikofunikira kuti muthe kunenepa bwino nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira, kuti mupeze mafuta osungirako, mwina atha kufa nthawi yawo yobisalira, pomwe amagwa ngati zimbalangondo pomwe kumayambira kuzizira. Ndiwopezeka bwino wamafuta womwe umalola ma hedgehogs kukhalabe otetezedwa (dzina lasayansi la hibernation mwa nyama) mpaka kuphukira.

European hedgehog

Iye ndi hedgehog wamba, membala wodziwika kwambiri pabanja la hedgehog. Kutalika kwa hedgehog wamba ndi 20-30 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa 800. Amakhala ku Europe konse, komabe, amatha kupezeka m'maiko ena aku Asia.

Edgehog

Chizindikiro cha hedgehog iyi, chomwe adachipatsa dzina, ndi makutu ake aatali osadziwika, akukula mpaka 5 cm. Ma hedgehogs ataliitali ndi ochepa, ali ndi kutalika kwa 12 mpaka 27cm, kulemera mpaka 430. Amakhala m'maiko ambiri ku Africa ndi Asia Minor, ndipo amapezekanso ku India ndi China.

Eastern Europe hedgehog

Mawonekedwe ake, amafanana kwambiri ndi hedgehog waku Europe, koma ali ndi mtundu wosiyaniratu, ndiko kuti, kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi pamimba ndichopepuka. Imakula mpaka 35cm kutalika ndi kulemera kwa 1,2 kg. Sichikhala ku Eastern Europe kokha, komanso ku Urals, komanso m'maiko angapo ku Middle East.

African pygmy hedgehog

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timeneti timakhala ku Africa ndi kotchuka chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, nsonga za singano zake, mosiyana ndi ma hedgehogs ena, sizili zakuda, koma zoyera. Mulinso ndi chizolowezi kuti mupewe ngozi yokufuula mokweza. Kutalika kwa phirmy hedgehog yaku Africa kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 20cm, kulemera kwa 350-700 g.Ikhala kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara m'maiko angapo a ku Africa: Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Senegal, Mauritania.

Kutalika kwa singano hedgehog

Izi hedgehog idatchedwa dzina lothokoza ngakhale muyezo wa hedgehog, singano zazitali komanso zazitali. Kutalika kwa singano zake ndi masentimita 4-4.2.Hing'anga zomwezo zimakhala ndi mtundu wina, zimatha kukhala zopepuka kapena zakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la hedgehog ndi 22-27 cm, masekeli 500 mpaka 900. Amakhala ku Middle East, Peninsula ya Arabia. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Uzbekistan.

Daurian hedgehog

Ichi ndi steppe hedgehog chomwe chimakhala kuchokera kumapazi a Transbaikalia kupita ku Mongolia ndi kumpoto kwa China. Mosiyana ndi ma hedgehogs ena, spines yamtunduwu ndi yofupikitsa, mchenga kapena bulawuni. Chovala cha hedgehog ichi ndi imvi kapena chofiirira chakuda.

Momwe mungadyetse hedgehog kunyumba?

Monga chakudya cha hedgehog, nyama yaiwisi, yodala, chiwindi chophika, ndi nsomba zatsopano ndizabwino. Monga zakudya, mumatha kum'patsa mapako amoyo, mphutsi za ufa kapena makombo. Komanso ma hedgehogs amasangalala kudya maapulo ndi kaloti.

Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza ngati hedgehogs ikhoza kukhala ndi mkaka. Timayankha kuti: ayi, ndizosatheka, ma hedgehogs ali ndi vuto lactose, lomwe lili mkaka, kotero mkaka ungapangitse osati m'mimba okhazikika mu hedgehog, komanso ngakhale kumabweretsa.

Kodi ma hedgehogs amagwera liti?

Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, ma hedgehogs amagwera mu hibernation. Ngakhale ma hedgehogs okhala muukapolo samawoneka ngati akuwafuna, koma simungathe kunyenga zamomwe nyama imayendera, njira zama hibernation ndizachizolowezi, kotero muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti chiweto chanu chamtengo wapatali chizithandizanso nthawi yozizira, mwina posachedwa ngati ma hedgehogs okhala munthawi zachilengedwe.

Kuti mupulumuke bwino hibernation, hedgehog imafunikira kudyetsedwa makamaka pakugwa kuti ipange mafuta osungirako oyenera. Mwezi wa Novembala, mudzaona momwe kachidutswaka kamakhalira koopsa, ndipo ngati kuti mumawotcha, uku ndi kuyamba kwa hibernation. Popeza zachilengedwe za hedgehogs nthawi yachisanu zisa zawo, hedgehog yofunikirayi imafunikanso kupanga malo pafupi ndi achilengedwe. Kuti muchite izi, gawani malo obisika kwinakwake mu loggia kapena chapamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kumeneko kusapitirire 5 digiri C. Ndipo pangani mawonekedwe a chisa, ikani udzu, masamba owuma, utuchi, ziguduli, kenako hedgehog yogona.

Ngati muli ndi hedgehog yakutsogolo yaku Africa, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudandaula za hibernation, popeza mtundu uwu wa hedgehogs sugwera nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chosowa nyengo yachisanu m'malo ake.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za hedgehogs

• Aroma akale adapezanso ma hedgehogs ofunikira, amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa zawo zamatsenga kuphatikiza nkhosa.
• Serbs ali ndi njira yachilendo kwambiri yochizira uchidakwa, kuti athetse chizolowezi chowonongeka chomwe amamwa ... mkodzo wa hedgehog. Ndipo mtima wa nyama umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithumwa chomwe chimateteza ku matenda.
• Ndipo anyaniwa amadya hedgehogs konse, ndipo hedgehog yokazinga ndiye chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda.
• Mu 60s ya zaka zana zapitazi, ma hedgehogs ambiri anafa chifukwa cha vuto la McDonalds. Cholinga cha izi chinali makapu oundana a McFlurry. Atalowa mu zinyalala, adakopa chidwi cha ma hedgehogs okoma amzindawo. Poyamba adanyambita zotsalira za ayisikilimu ndi chisangalalo, ndikukhomerera mitu yawo m'magalasi, koma sakanathanso kutulutsa chifukwa chamatsenga osazungulira bwino. Ndipo kotero iwo anafa, atamangidwa kwenikweni mu magalasi. Chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zazikulu zokomera zinyama, a McDonalds adakakamizidwa kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a magalasiwo ndipo ma hedgehogs adasiya kufa.

Kodi ma hedgehogs amadya chiyani kuthengo?

Hedgehog ndi omnivore. Zakudya zake zimapangidwa makamaka ndi tizilombo, nyongolotsi, nkhono, ma slog, achule, ndi mbewa za kumunda. Nthawi zina amatha kudya amphibian kapena reptile. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hedgehogs satsutsana ndi kudya zakudya pazomera: zipatso, zipatso, ma acorn. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, nsapato ya hedgehog imasangalala ndi mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono zokhala pansi mosangalala.

Ma Hedgehogs ali ndi maso ofooka. Akamacheza ndi akunja, amadalira kwenikweni kununkhira ndi kumva. Hedgehog ya eyred imakonda kwambiri kumva: imazindikira kulira kwamagetsi apamwamba mpaka 45 kHz, pomwe munthu amangomva mpaka 18-20 kHz. Izi zimathandiza hedgehogs kupeza ma invertebrates mobisa.

Zindikirani!

Amuna amayitanidwa kuteteza mdera lawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwonetsana. Nyengo yosasangalatsa, moto wamapiri komanso kusowa kwa chakudya kumapangitsa kuti nyama zizikhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, pafupi ndi anthu.

Hedgehogs ndi Njoka

Ambiri amva zodabwitsa za hedgehogs - kukaniza njoka za njoka. Komabe, kuthekera uku, mosiyana ndi ma mongooses, sikokwanira (ma hedgehogs amangokhala ndi poizoni) ndipo amasiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana.Mankhwala a antihemorrhagic erinacin, mapuloteni otulutsidwa ndi minofu yanyama, amateteza ku poizoni wa hedgehogs. Izi zimasokoneza hemorrhagic ndi proteinolytic ntchito ya poizoni. Erinatsin, wophatikizidwa ndi chinsalu chotchingira cha singano, amalola ma hedgehogs kuti aukire njoka ndi kuzidya nthawi yankhondo ikapambana, koma sizichitika kawirikawiri.

Kwawo kwa Hedgehog

Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zomwe zimapita usiku ndipo masana amakhala omasuka ndikakungunuka. Amapanga zisa pansi pa mizu yamitengo, m'malo oterera, m'miyala ndi m'miyala ya nyama zina.

Nyumba ya hedgehog ndi yocheperako ndipo nthawi zambiri simapitirira masentimita 20. Amakhala ndi masamba kapena masamba owuma. Mukununkhira kwake, hedgehog samangokhala pansi usiku, komanso kuyeretsa singano ndikunyambita matumbo ndi m'mimba.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mwana wokongola wa hedgehog ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino kwa ana kuyambira masiku oyambira. Ndiwopeka ngwazi ndi zopeka. Aliyense amadziwa momwe nyamazo zimawonekera. Cholengedwachi ndi chaching'ono kukula ndi thupi lofewa, maso ang'ono, mphuno yakutali ndi zala zazing'ono.

Koma chozizwitsa komanso mawonekedwe kwambiri mawonekedwe ake ndi mizere yotsika yomwe imaphimba thupi lakumwamba. Masingano oterewa amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, waimvi kapena wopanda imvi, pomwe mitunduyi imalowetsedwa ndi malo owala. Zonsezi zikuwoneka pa chithunzi cha hedgehog.

Wasayansi adzawonjezera pamawu awa kuti oyimilira a anyaniwa ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ngati ma hedgehogs. Kutalika kwa thupi la zolengedwa zotere kumasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kochepa kwambiri - osaposa 10 cm, kufika pafupifupi theka la mita.

Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa hedgehog ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu, koma makamaka unyinji, monga kukula, zimatengera mitundu ndi jenda, osatchulanso zaka za zolengedwa zotere. Zitha kukhala zonse 300 g ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mchira. Itha kukhalanso yosiyana: lalifupi kwambiri, komanso kukula nthawi yayitali kuposa 20 cm.

Phokoso la cholengedwali limakhala lofanana ndi mphero, pamapeto pake mphuno yonyowa imatuluka. Mano a hedgehog ndi akuthwa, ochepa. Ma paws ali ndi gawo losangalatsa: miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayikulu kukula kuposa kutsogolo. Ndipo gawo lililonse lili ndi zala zisanu, pomwe zala zapakatikati ndizitali kuposa zina ndipo ndizoyenera kuyeretsa singano za hedgehogzomwe zolengedwa zimakonda kuchita, pogwiritsa ntchito zida ngati izi.

Minga imo imaboweka mkatikati ndipo pa thupi la nyama imamizidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi, wowonda, wosawoneka. Chiwerengero cha singano chimatha kufikira 10,000. Mimba ndi mutu wa zolengedwa izi zimakutidwa ndi ubweya. Mtundu wa tsitsili umatha kukhala wopepuka kwathunthu, wamchenga kapena mosemphanitsa ndi wakuda.

Mitundu ya nyama zoterezi imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Europe, komanso kuchokera ku Britain Isles kupita ku Siberia. Amakhalanso ku Middle East, m'malo ambiri a Asia, ku Africa ndi New Zealand.

Kusamalira zachilengedwe

Mu makumi awiri apitawa, kuchuluka kwa hedgehogs wamba kukuchepa kwambiri. Cholinga chachikulu ndikulekanitsidwa kwa malo awo chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magulu azachulukana azikhala ang'onoang'ono, osagwirizana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu okhala hedgehog omwe amakhala makilomita 15 okha kuchokera pamtundu wina ndi mnzake ali ndi mapangidwe osiyana, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusinthana kwapakati pakati pa anthu.

Chifukwa china chachikulu chakutha kwa ma hedgehogs ndi kufa kwawo kwamsewu, momwe njira yodzitetezera yomwe imagwira kwambiri polimbana ndi adaniwo imawaphetsa pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto.

Malo okhala hedgehogs akuwonongeka nthawi zonse ndi anthu: nyama zimaphedwa ndi mankhwala kuti zimenyane ndi tizilombo, mipanda yolimba, zotchinga, maukonde, zomwe zimasokoneza kayendedwe kawo m'minda.

Ndikofunika kuganizira: ma hedgehogs ndi amodzi mwa nyama zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, sanapulumuke pa nthawi ya ayezi, ndipo kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwa anthu.

Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs

Pali mitundu yokwanira ya hedgehogs. Pali anthu 23 mwa iwo, ndipo adawagawa m'magulu 7 ndipo amakhala m'mabanja awiri. Oimira awo amasiyana pakati pawo momwe akuwonekera komanso malo okhala. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yolimba. Mphamvu ya kununkhiza ndi kumva kwa hedgehogs ndiyabwino kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe sangatchulidwe kuti ndi abwino.

Hedgehog wamba

Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yosangalatsa yoperekedwa pansipa.

1. Hedgehog wamba amatchedwanso European. Pa kontrakitala iyi, nyama zotere sizachilendo, koma ndizofala kwambiri pakati pake komanso kumadzulo, komanso ku Kazakhstan. Amapezeka ku Scandinavia ndi UK. Kukula kwa zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi 25cm, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 800. Masingidwe amitundu ya ku Europe mwa achikulire amakula 3 cm.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chivundikiro chaminga mu hedgehogs, monga ubweya, chimakonda kuphatikizika. Singano amasintha pakapita nthawi, pang'onopang'ono mokwanira. Njira yachilengedwe iyi imachitika pakugwa konse ndi masika. Ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chivundikiro chaminga chimasinthidwa.

M'malo mwa singano zakale, zatsopano zimawoneka zomwe zimakula kukhala pafupifupi chaka chathunthu. Makalidwe awo ndi mish ya madera akuda, abulauni komanso oyera. Zisoni, pamimba ndi matako a nyama zimakutidwa ndi chikasu kapena chofiirira, nthawi zina tsitsi lakuda.

2. Eastern Europe hedgehog. Kuchokera pa dzina lokha sizovuta kuzindikira kuti mtunduwu, monga woyamba, ndi wokhalamo ku Europe. Komabe, ochulukirapo kumadera akum'mawa a kontrakitala. Ndipo mtundu wake umafikira ku Urals ndi Asia Minor. Oyimira mitunduyi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa woyamba: amakula kutalika ndi 35cm ndipo amalemera kuposa kilogalamu.

Eastern Europe hedgehog

3. Edgehog. Nyama zoterezi poyerekeza ndi ma hedgehogs ena si akulu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri safika kupitirira theka la kilogalamu. Komabe, makutu awo ndi akulukulu - pafupifupi masentimita 3. Ndipo kukongoletsa kotereku ndizowonekera pamutu.

Mbawala zotere zimapezeka kumadera otentha a Eurasia, ndipo zimakhazikika kumapeto komanso kouma. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi chizolowezi chobisala kwa adani, kuthawa mwachangu. Pomwe mitundu yambiri ya ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri imapindidwa kukhala mpira wamtengo ndi kuwundana ndi mawonekedwe awa.

Edgehog

4. Kutalika kwa singano hedgehog. Dzinalo limafotokozeranso momveka bwino kuti singano za hedgehogs ndizotalikirapo kuposa za abale. Amafika kukula kwama 4c kapena kupitilira. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yawo imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera pakuwala kwambiri mpaka kwakuda, koma singano zakuda, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi mabatani oyera.

Ma hedgehogs amenewa amatchedwanso duwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa madazi pamutu wamutu. Amakhala nthawi zambiri pamiyala yamatanthwe, amakhala kumapiri, nthawi zina omwe amapezeka kumapeto. Mitundu yawo imafikira ku Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan, komanso ku mayiko a Gulf. Mitunduyi imatengedwa ngati yosowa, monga tafotokozera mu Red Book.

Kutalika kwa singano hedgehog

5. African hedgehog - Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa. Nyama zotere zili ndi makutu ozungulira komanso maso ang'onoang'ono, mchira wamtali wa 2.5. Zimakhala kumayiko omwe ali kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Zolengedwa izi zimadziwika ndikupanga mawu osangalatsa. Amadziwa kulira mokweza, ndipo akakhala ndi mantha, amalira mofuula.

Kukula kwa amuna - nthumwi zamtunduwu (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono poyerekeza ndi zazikazi) zitha kukhala zosakwana 15 cm. Chifukwa chake ili ndi dzina limodzi lomwelo: pygmy hedgehog. Kodi ma hedgehogs amadya chiyani? Anthu okhala mu Africa muno amadya mphutsi, nkhono, njoka, zinkhanira, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ma arachnids.

African hedgehog

6. Nyimbo zodziwika bwino. Hedgehogs zamtunduwu ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango zotentha ndipo amayimira mitundu ingapo ya ma rat urins. Amawoneka ngati makoswe. Maonekedwe a zolengedwa zotere amakongoletsedwa ndi mchira wautali, wokutidwa ndi mamba ndi tsitsi.

Utoto wake umakhala woyera kwambiri, womwe umakwaniritsidwa ndi madera akuda ndi ofiira. Zolengedwa izi zimadya zipatso zamtchire, ma invertebrates ndi crustaceans, sizinyansidwa ndi nsomba, achule ndi nyama zazing'ono. Kukula kwa nyamazo kumasiyanasiyana, koma zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kukula masentimita 45.

Hedgehog Ordinary

Nyengo yachisanu

M'miyezi yozizira, hedgehogs amapita ku hibernation. Asanagone m dzenje, nyamayo imakhala ndi mafuta othandiza kuti isazizire kuzizira. Kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumatsikira madigiri 3-4, ndipo zimachitika pakamagona tulo tofa nato mpaka 60 pamphindi.

Ngati chiweto chikulephera kupeza kuchuluka kwamafuta ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti sangapulumuke nthawi yozizira. Ma hedgehogs akhungu komanso akhungu amadzuka kumayambiriro kwa masika ndipo amapita kukasaka tizilombo.