Altai Phiri la Ram
Gulu la asayansi

• Ovis ammonLinnaeus, 1758
• Ovis argali Boddaert, 1785
• Ovis argali altaica Severtsov, 1873
• Ovis argali daurica Severtsov, 1873
• Ovis argali mongolica Severtsov, 1873
• Ovis ammon przevalski Nasonov, 1923

Nkhosa zamapiri za Altai , kapena Altai nkhosa , kapena argali , kapena Tien Shan nkhosa , kapena Altai argali [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1116 ], kapena Altai argali (lat. Ovis ammon) - nyama yokhala ndi ziboda pakati pa banja la bovine, gulu laling'ono la Araliali ( Ovis ammon ).

Mawonekedwe

Altai phiri ram - woimira wamkulu wamtundu wa nkhosa zamphongo ( Ovis ), kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi nyanga zolemera kwambiri. Kulemera kwawo mwa amuna akuluakulu kumatha kufika 35 kg.

Kutalika kwa kufota - 70-125 cm, kutalika kwa thupi - 1.2-2 m, kutalika kwa mchira 13-14 cm, kulemera kwa thupi - 70-180 kg. Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 12-18.

Oimira mabungwewa ali ndi squat torso, miyendo yopyapyala koma yolimba. Mapeto a phokoso ndi opepuka kwambiri kuposa mtundu wamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa chinyama.

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe

Nkhosa zamapiri Arkhara pakati pa mitundu yonse yamtunduwu ndizazikulu kwambiri. M'magulu asayansi, dzina la mtunduwu limamveka ngati Ovis Amoni. Gawo lachiwirili limachokera ku dzina la mulungu wa ku Aigupto Amoni, yemwe, malinga ndi nthano kum'mawa kwa dziko lapansi, wasintha kukhala nkhosa. Nthawi zambiri anali kuwonetsedwa ndi nyanga zazitali zopindika.

Izi ndi nyama zokongola zokhala ndi mawonekedwe onyada, thupi lochepera komanso miyendo yayitali. Chifukwa cha nyanga zochititsa chidwi, mitu yawo imaponyera kumbuyo. Nazi zigawo zazikulu za mawonekedwe ndi kufotokozera:

• Kutalika kwa thupi mwa amuna ndi 1,7-2 m, mwa akazi - 1.2-1.5 m.
• Kutalika kwa nkhosa yamphongo ndi 106-125 cm, nkhosa 95-112 cm.
• Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 110-170 kg (mwapadera - pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu), mwa akazi kulemera kwake ndi 60-100 kg.
• Pansi pa chigaza mwa amuna ndi 25-35 masentimita, mwa akazi - 23-30 cm.
• Mutu ndi wokulirapo, wamkulu, wokhala ndi mbiri yowongoka kapena yosungunuka pang'ono, mu akazi mutu umakhala woposa.
• Chizindikiro chalozera (chachikazi - chopapatiza), chokhala ndi malaya oyera ndi mphuno zowala.
• Makutu ndi othandizira kwambiri, okhala ndi ma ng ombe kumapeto.
• Nyanga zaimphongo ndizitali, zopindika kukhala mphete kapena mphete, maupangiri atapinda, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 2 m, kulemera kwawo pamodzi ndi chigaza kumatha kufika 40-50 kg, ndikupanga 13% ya kulemera konseko kwa thupi.
• Mwa akazi, nyanga zake ndizochepa, kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 60, owongoka pang'ono ndiwosakhwima, ngati mbuzi, nthawi zina ana amphongo opanda nyanga amapezeka.
• Khosi limakhala lalifupi, lalikulu.
• Chifuwa chimakhala chodzikongoletsa bwino, pakukonzekera kwa masentimita 120-135.
• Thupi lathupi lonse limawoneka laling'ono komanso limafupikitsidwa pang'ono.
• Mafupa owoneka ngati metacarpal komanso metatarsal pamiyendo ya ataliya samadendekera; ngakhale mbuzi yakumapiri kapena nkhosa yofewa samakhala ndi mawonekedwe otere, izi zimapangitsa Arkhar kuthamangira mwachangu mderalo ndikuwoloka malo otsetsereka mosadukaduka.
• Zingwe zakutsogolo zili ndi kutalika kwa 4-4,5 masentimita, kumbuyo kwa 2-4 mm.
• Pali mawoko awiri owonjezera kumbuyo kwa miyendo.
• Mchira wake ndi wowongoka, mpaka 18 cm.

Utoto wonyezimira wa Arkharov umachokera kuchikasu chamchenga (pafupifupi choyera) mpaka bulawuni, nthawi yozizira ubweya umachita khungu. Malo oyera amayang'aniridwa m'chigawo chovuta cha nkhosa zamphongo, m'mimba amapaka utoto wofanana, mkati wamkati ndi ntchafu, ndi kupukutira. Pamtengo wamphongo, chovalacho chimakhala chachitali, chikakongoletsedwa ndi mawu opepuka. Nkhosa zam'mapiri ndi mbuzi ndizofanana, koma Arkhar alibe ndevu, nyanga zake ndizopotoza. M'mgulu la nkhosa, mosiyana ndi mbuzi, palibe zotulutsa zonunkhira zomwe zimapereka fungo linalake la ubweya.

Malo okhala ndi malo okhala

Nkhosa zamapiri za Argali kapena Arkhar zosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'malo ena a Central ndi Central Asia, ku Mongolia, Kazakhstan kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Kuphatikizidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a Tien Shan Range, Palmyra, Sayan. Muli ma tempali omwe amapezeka kumapiri a Nepal, Himalaya, Tibet, ndi madera ena a Dagestan.Tsopano ndi malo okwanira pafupifupi 10,000 km it, kale anali okulirapo ndikuphimba pafupifupi dera lonse la Asia.

Ziweto zimakhala pamalo okwera 1300-1600 m, zimakonda mapiri ndi malo otsetsereka. Ngakhale nyama nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka pathanthwe, makamaka pamene zoweta zikuzikula m'malo achonde komanso malo. Anthu amasankha malo otseguka, amasamukira ku zigwa nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa nyengo yachilimwe, ndipo nthawi yotentha amakwera m'mapiri, pamphepete mwa mapiri otsetsereka ndi anjoka osatha. Kusuntha koyenda sikunafotokozeredwe bwino, kumachitika mu 30-30 km².

Mountain Sheep Habitat

Otar Archar ndi anthu 30-100, ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri tsopano zimakhala ku Mongolia. Panthawi pakati pa gonas, amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi ana amuna amakhala mosiyana. Nkhosa zimakhala mawonekedwe akulu, nkhosa zamphongo zimathamangira kutali. Amuna amakhala m'magulu ochepera a 6-10 zolinga.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimadyetsa pafupifupi mbewu zonse zomwe zimapezeka pamapiri ochepa. M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimapita kudera la mapiri a alpine, komwe zimapeza udzu wabwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, matalala akakhala opitilira 10 cm, amatsikira zigwa. Kuyambira pansi pa chipale chofewa, nkhosa zimatulutsa udzu wouma womaliza, moss, lichens. Chilombo chachikulu chimafuna chakudya chambiri, tsiku lomwe chimadya pafupifupi 18 kg. Ndikusowa kwa chakudya nthawi yachisanu, anthu ofooka ambiri amafa.

Argars amakhala mosasunthika, akusuntha kuchoka m'malo odyetsa msipu kukafunafuna chakudya chabwino. Ndiwosuntha kwambiri, amathamanga mwangwiro m'mbali mwa miyala. Amatha kudumphadumpha mpaka 5 m mulifupi ndikukwera miyala. Amathamanga pachidikha pa liwiro la 50-60 km / h.

Nyama zamanyazi, ndi kaphokoso kakang'ono komwe zimachotsedwa ndikuthawa. Adani achilengedwe a Arkhars ndi mimbulu, lynxes, wolverines ndi nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa. Sizikhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu, chifukwa amangoononga nyama zofowoka. Zowopsa zambiri ku Arkhars zimachitika ndi anthu.

Kuswana

Nyengo yophukira pa nkhosa za kumapiri a Arkhar imayamba mu Okutobala kapena Novembala. Pakadali pano, nkhosa zamphongo ndi ana a nkhosa zimapanga magulu wamba. Malamulo a polyandry ndi polygyny amagwira ntchito mwa iwo; akazi ndi amuna ambiri amatenga nawo mbali mating imodzi. Nkhosa zimatha kutha msinkhu kuyambira zaka 2-3, nkhosa zokhala ndi zaka 4-5 zokha, zazimuna zimatenga nawo gawo pobereka pambuyo pa zaka 5. Asanadutse, nkhosa zamphongo zimakonzekera ndewu kuti zazikazi zimasankha zolimba.

Mimba yaimayi imatenga masiku 150-160, yomwe ndi masiku 40-50 kutalika kuposa nkhosa yoweta. Ana a nkhosa amabadwa m'chaka cha chakudya akamachuluka. Asanabadwe, mkaziyo amadzichotsera kumalo kopanda ena. Njirayi imatenga mphindi 20-30, mwanawankhosa wobadwa kumene amakhala wolemera makilogalamu atatu.

Ambiri a Iraali amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, mapasa amawoneka osowa kwambiri. Mwanawankhosa wangayo nthawi yomweyo amayimilira pamiyendo yake ndikuyamwa pachiwono. Nkhosa imakhala padera ndi mwanawankhosa kwa pafupifupi sabata, kenako ilowa gulu.

Mountain Mwanawankhosa Arkhar

Anaankhosa ali m'gulu kuti azitsatira, nthawi zonse amasewera pakati pawo. Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri, nyanga zawo zimayamba kukula, ndipo kuyambira mwezi ziweto zimadya kale udzu. Amadyetsedwa mkaka kwa miyezi 4-5, nthawi yomweyo mkazi amasamalira ana ake. Kuyambira miyezi isanu, anaankhosa amatha kudzipatula pawokha. Zamoyo zazikulu zokhazokha zimangolola 50-55% ya nyama zazing'ono kuti zikhale ndi moyo, chifukwa cha izi, chiwerengero cha Arkhar sichingakule msanga. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhosa zam'madzi za Argali zakutchire kumafika zaka 10 mpaka 13, koma anthu ambiri sakhala ndi zaka 6. Malo osungira nyama amatha kukhala zaka 18.

Masanjidwe Arkharov

Mitundu kapena mitundu ya miyala ya nkhono zam'mapiri imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Amasiyana mu kukula kwake, mtundu waufi, mawonekedwe ena oyima ndi machitidwe. Malinga ndi gulu lamakono, pali mitundu ingapo 9:

• Altai phiri la nkhosa Arkhar. Midzi ku Mongolia, kuphatikizaponso Gobi Desert, Tuva, kum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Altai ndi Siberia, ndi madera ena a East ndi Central Asia.Amawerengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri pa mahuma onse.
• Kazakh phiri Arkhar. Kukhazikika m'mapiri a Kazakhstan, pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Balkhash, m'chigawo cha Kalba ku Altai, zigawo za Monrak, Saur, Tarbagatai. Imadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za dziko lino. Ubweya wa nkhosa ndi wofiirira wowoneka bwino ndi utoto wotuwa, kutalika kwa nyanga zake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 120, amapindidwa kukhala mphete.
• Mbuzi yamphongo ya ku Tibet. Subspecies yayikuluyi imatchedwa choncho chifukwa imakhala ku Tibet, komanso ku Himalayas ku India ndi Nepal. Ili ndi chovala chofiirira, chokhala ndi nyanga yaudindo, chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi mutu, chopindika.
• Tien Shan Arkhar. Ndi nthawi yoyamba kufotokozedwa mu 1873 ndikugawidwa m'mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. Amakhala pa Tien Shan, kumapiri a Chu-Ili, kumadera ena a Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China.
• Pamir subspecies, kapena nkhosa ramco Marco Polo. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, ndi madera ena a China. Uku ndikuwoneka wokongola wokhala ndi nyanga ndi utoto wofiyira m'mbali ndi kumbuyo. Idayamba kufotokozedwa ndi wapaulendo wodziwika wa ku Italy, dzina lake adamupatsa dzina.
• Mitundu ya Gobi kapena mtundu wina. Amakhala ku Mongolia, ku Gobi Desert, m'munsi mwa 45 ° kumpoto chakum'mwera, komanso zigawo zina zaku China kudera lomwelo. Amasiyana pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa ma Arkhars ena.
• Mabuku a Karatau. Ziwetozi za nkhosazi zimapezeka kumapiri pakati pa Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya, kumwera kwa Kazakhstan, kudera lamapiri la Kyzylkum. Tsopano amatha kupezeka kokha m'mapiri a Nuratau ku Uzbekistan kapena pa Aktau ridge (kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan).
• North China horali. Mabulogu amakhala kumapiri a Tibet. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyanga zokongola, zokutidwa ndi chikwakwa, ubweya wopepuka wa mthunzi wamchenga.
• Nkhosa zam'mapiri za Kyzylkum. Amakhala m'chipululu cha Kyzylkum, ku Kazakhstan. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, chiwerengero chake sichidutsa anthu 100, motero nyamazo zitha kuonedwa kuti zatsala pang'ono kutha.

Osati mitundu yonse yamasiku ano a zoology taxology ndi gulu amatanthauza Arkhars. Mwachitsanzo, nkhosa za Kyzylkum tsopano zangokhala mtundu wina. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a Arkhar ndi a Mouflon ndi Ureal, omwe amakhala kumadera omwewa, koma malo awo ndi ochulukirapo.

Kufotokozera kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri

Kutalika kwa nkhosa yayitali yamapiri kumayambira 120 mpaka 200 cm, kutalika kwake kufota ndi 90-120 cm, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 65 mpaka 180 kg. Ma subspecies osiyanasiyana amasiyana kukula komanso mitundu. Chifukwa chake, woyimira wamkulu ndi Pamir argali. Mtundu wa nyama umasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu wamchenga wowala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Thupi lotsikirako limakhala yowonjezereka. M'mphepete mwake muli timizere topyapyala tofiirira, timalekanitsa thupi kumtunda kuchokera pansi. Zozungulira ndi mchira wake ndi zopepuka. Wamphongo wamphiri wamphiri amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete yokhala ndi ubweya wopepuka m'khosi. Kusenda kumachitika kangapo pachaka, chovala cha chisanu chimakhala chotalikirapo kuposa chovala cha chilimwe. Miyendo yake ndi yayitali komanso yocheperako.

Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zazikazi ya kumapiri zili ndi nyanga zazitali. Amuna, kukula kwawo kumakhala kosangalatsa, kuyambira pa 180 mpaka 190 masentimita, amakhala opindika, ndipo malangizowo amatembenukira kunja kwambiri.

Zolemba za abulu a m'mapiri azakudya

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zamtchire ndizomera wazomera, zomwe zimatipatsa chakudya chomwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Ararali ali ndi penchant inayake ya mbewu za phala. Zakudya zonse zandalama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda nkhawa; zimatha kudya sedge ndi hodgepodge.

Nyama itha kuchita popanda kumwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhala okhutira ndi chinyezi chomwe chimachokera ku mbeu. Ngati ndi kotheka, muthanso kumwa madzi amchere.

Mitundu ya nkhosa ndi nkhosa

Mitundu yocheperako komanso Mitundu ya nyama iyi imadziwika. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yoberekera komanso yoweta nyama kapena ubweya. Kapena mwina nonse awiri. Izi, mwachitsanzo, nyama ndi ubweya wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komanso, kuti mukhale ndi ubweya wankhosa yambiri, ndibwino kuswana nkhosa zazitali. Kusankha kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa nkhosa wa ku Russia wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali.

Amadziwikanso amtundu monga:

1. Soviet merino.Amawelenga mokulira kuti atenge ubweya wa merino zofewa.
2. Mitundu ya Karakul. Amatha kuwerengetsa kuti ndi gulu la nkhosa lotayirira. Makatoni amapangidwa ndi ubweya wopangidwa ndi ma coarse, ndipo zikopa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malaya a ubweya wa astrakhan.
3. Border Leister - woyenereradi nyama komanso ubweya.
4. Dagestan mtundu wa nkhosa - womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nyama ndi ubweya.
5. Mitundu ya Altai - yokhomera nyama ndi ubweya.

Izi zowetedwa zimagawidwa ngati nkhosa zapakhomo, koma mitundu yambiri yamtchire ya banja la nyama iyi imadziwikanso. Mwachitsanzo, Mouflon, nkhosa yamphaka ya chipale chofewa, ndi phiri, nkhosa yamiyendo yamiyendo, Arkhar, Ugency ndi ena ambiri.

Kusiyana pakati pa nkhosa ndi nkhosa

Chidwi, TSOPANO!

Onani Nkhani Zosunga Kuteteza

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zamtchire Arkhar ndi ma subspecies ake onse ndi ochepa kwambiri, ena akuwopsezedwa kuti atheratu, ndichifukwa chake alembedwa mu Red Book la mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. Osangosaka nyama zokha, komanso kugulitsa zikopa, nyanga ndi mbali zina za mtembowo ndizoletsedwa. Ngakhale njira zonse zotetezera, chiweto cha nyama chikucheperachepera. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Dagestan, chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri cha Arkhars kuchokera kuchipululu cha Kyzylkum, chidatsala pang'ono kutha.

Nyanga zazikulu zazikulu za argali - chinsinsi chachikulu cha osaka ozunza. Mtengo wawo wakuda ukhoza kufika madola 10,000 aku US. Zilibe kanthu kuti akuluakulu aboma amavutika bwanji ndi kugulitsa nyanga mosaloledwa, malonda achinyengo amakhala ochulukirapo. Kuwombera kumachitika ngakhale kumadera otetezedwa kwambiri, makamaka ku Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ndi mayiko aku Central Asia. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwalochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ku China, chomwe chimasokoneza kupezeka kwa mitundu ya Tibetan ndi Palmyra.

Kuphatikiza apo, ziweto zimawonongekeratu ndi moyo wamunthu. Zowopsa zake ndi izi:

• kudyetsa gulu la nkhosa.
• kumanga nyumba ndi zotchinga zosiyanasiyana panjira zosamukira,
• kupanga njanji ndi misewu yayitali m'malo okhala,
• migodi.

Kukula kwambiri kwaulimi, ngakhale kuti kudyetsa ziweto zaulere, kunachepetsa kwambiri anthu ku Mongolia. Kutha kwa mahuma a araliali ku Eastern Siberia kumalumikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha zachuma mderali. Nyama zachi China zikuvutika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuyika misewu ngakhale kumadera akutali, kutuluka kwa malo okhala.

Nkhosa zamapiri zimafalikira

Nkhosa zamapiri ndizofala kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Central ndi Central Asia, komwe zimakwera pamalo okwera kuchokera pa 1000 mpaka 6000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Amapezeka ku Himalaya, ku Pamirs ndi ku Tibet, ku Altai ndi ku Mongolia. M'mbuyomu, malo ake anali ochulukirapo ndipo amaphatikizanso kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Yakutia.

Malo omwe amakhazikikapo amasiyanasiyana masanjidwe osiyanasiyana:

• Ovis Amoni amakhala ku Gobi ndi ku Mongolia Altai, kum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Altai, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Tuva ndi Mongolia,
• subspecies Ovis ammon collium ndiofala ku Kazakhstan ndi Altai,
• Ovis ammon hodgsonii - wokhala ku Tibet, Himalaya, Nepal, India,
• subspecies Ovis ammon karelini amawonedwa ku Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi China,
• Ovis ammon rolii amakhala Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan,
• Ovis ammon jubata amakhala ku Tibet,
• subspecies Ovis ammon severtzóvi amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan.

Nkhosa zamapiri zimakonda malo otseguka, malo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi malo a matanthwe, malo opezeka udzu wokhala ndi zitsamba zamasamba. Mbali yodziwika bwino pamasamba onse ndi kusunthika kwakanthawi. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhosa zamphongo zimapita kudera laphiri, lokhala ndi udzu wambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimatsikira kumalo abusa.

4 Moyo

Nkhosa zakutchire zimakhala ndi moyo wokhala mokhazikika, koma nthawi ndi nthawi zimakakamizidwa kuyendayenda. M'nyengo yozizira amatsikira kumapiri, nthawi yotentha amakwera. Kwa nthawi yachilimwe amakhala m'magulu a nyama 10-30.Ndi nyengo yozizira, amasonkhana m'mabanja ambiri, nthawi zina amafikira magulu chikwi chimodzi. Uku ndikusiyana kwina ndi mbuzi, komwe masango amenewo samawonedwa. Amuna amakonda kukhazikika mosiyana ndi akazi okhala ndi ana. Nkhosa zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa.

Mabanja otere ali ngati banja limodzi. Mamembala onse amakhala limodzi, koma osawonetsa chidwi kwa anansi awo. Koma kukhala maso kumakhalapo. Zizindikiro zocheperako pang'ono m'modzi zimagwira ngati chizindikiro cha alamu ndikudzutsa gulu lonse. Ndizachilendo kuti nkhosa zamphongo zimatulutsa magazi, zonenepa komanso zotsika kuposa za nkhosa. Ngati izi zimatengedwa ngati zolengedwa zopusa, ndiye kuti nkhosa zam'mapiri ndi anzeru komanso anzeru. Pangozi pang'ono, amasiya njira zomwe sizingatheke kwa mdani amene angathe. Pamiyala samakwera mopanda mbuzi, koma samadumpha. Wotheka mu imodzi idagwa kuti igonjetse mtunda wa mamita awiri kutalika ndi 3,5,5 mita kutalika pachitunda.

Nyama ndizomera. Mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, amasintha mwachangu moyo ndipo amakhala osadandaula kuti azidyetsa. Ngati chisankho chilipo, amakonda:

• dzinthu, dzenje, mbewa, udzu, nthenga,
• lichens ndi moss,
• zipatso ndi masamba
• mphukira za zitsamba ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana (thundu, Hornbeam, mapulo, pistachios).

Chitsamba, nthambi za rosehip, ndi mbewu zouma zimakumbidwa pansi pa chisanu. Tsiku lililonse amapita ku dzenje lakuthirira, nthawi zambiri mdera lachipululu. Osasamala kudya mchere wa mwala, kumanyambita ndi nyambo zamchere. Sankhani malo odyetserako ziweto omwe ali ndi mayiwe oyandikana nawo. Pofika nthawi yachisanu, sonkhanitsani mafuta ochulukirapo. Nkhosa zakunyumba zidadyedwa ndi udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, amadyetsedwa ndi oats kapena pansi barele.

Magulu wamba a nkhosa zam'mapiri

Mitundu ya nkhosa yam'mapiri imaphatikizapo ma subspecies awa, omwe amasiyanitsa malo okhala ndi kukula kwake:

• Anatolian mouflons (Ovis ammon anatolisa),

• Nkhosa za kumapiri a Bukhara (Ovis Amam Bosharensis),

• Kazakhstan Argali (Ovis Amoni Collium),

• Gansu argali (Ovis ammon dalailamae),
• Nkhosa zam'mapiri za ku Tibetan (Ovis ammon hodgsonii),

• Nkhosa zam'mapiri aku North China (Ovis Ammoni Jubata),
• Nkhosa zamapiri za Tien Shan (Ovis ammon karelini),

• Argali Kozlova (Ovis Amoni Kozlovi),

• Nkhosa za kumapiri za Karatau (Ovis Amam nigrimontana),
• Nkhosa za kumapiri za ku Kuproot (Ovis Amoni Orhion),

• Nkhosa zam'mapiri Marco Polo (Ovis ammon rolii),

• Nkhosa zam'mapiri za Kyzylkum (Оvis аmmоn sevеrtzоvi),

• Ma Urmian mouflons (Ovis Amon Urmiana).

Njira ya moyo

M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (nyama 30), zazikazi zokhala ndi ana zimakhala mosiyana. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, ma bovid amaphatikizidwa mu magulu opitilira 1 miliyoni. Nyama zimayang'anira chitetezo chawo nthawi zonse. Pobwera pangoziyo, aliyense wa m'gululi amatulutsa mawu okuluwika komwe anthu onse amva. Nyama sizichoka pamlingo wawo, koma zimasuntha pakati pama dziwe ndi msipu kapena mkati mwa mapiri, zimadzuka chilimwe, ndikupita kumapiri nthawi yachisanu.

Mbuzi yamphongo yamtchire yowonda kwambiri imakhala yopanda chakudya. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Mawonekedwe: buluu wamtambo, udzu wa nthenga, udzu wa tirigu, phokoso la m'chipululu, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo, zitsamba.
3. Zipatso, bowa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphutsi zomwe zimakhala ndi iwo, zimapatsa thupi mapuloteni.
4. Mitengo yakufa yotulutsidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa, mizu yomera, mbewa, ndere.

Mitundu ya geckosPamene pali mitundu yaAlabaev

Mwana wamphongo wamtchire amalowa m'badwo wazaka 2-3. Mpikisano umayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe, komanso kumpoto - chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Pa ufulu wophimba wamkazi, kumenyanako kumachitika pakati pa amuna. Nyama zilibe maubanja: wopangayo amasiya nkhosazo atabereka, amapita kukafuna mnzake. Nkhosa imakhala ndi mwanawankhosa (kapena awiri kapena atatu) kwa miyezi isanu. Kubadwa kumachitika m'malo obisika komwe mayi ndi mwana amakhala masiku atatu asanabwerere ku gulu la ng'ombe.Nyama zazing'ono zimadyera mkaka kwa miyezi 3-4, ngakhale zimadya zomera kuyambira mwezi umodzi. Ana a nkhosa amasankha okha pakakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Khola la m'mapiri

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimakhala moyo wongokhala. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, amasamuka. M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka anthu makumi atatu, ndipo nthawi yozizira magulu awa amasonkhana ndikuphatikizana ndi atsogoleri angapo.

Gulu la nkhosa zamphiri mwina ndi zazimuna zazing'ono, kapena magulu abambo. Amuna okhwima nthawi zambiri amadya mosiyana ndi aliyense. Nkhosa nthawi zonse zimakhala zololera komanso zoweta mkati mwa ng'ombe, ngakhale kuti sathamangira kuthandiza wina ndi mnzake, koma ngati nkhosa imodzi ikulamula, ndiye kuti gulu lonse limalimbana. Chizindikiro chowopsa mwa akuluakulu chikuliralira, mwa ana - kulira kwambiri.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zamtchire ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri komanso yofulumira kuwona, yomwe imatha kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Pakakhala zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo amabisala m'malo ovuta kufikira. Mwakutha kukwera miyala, nkhosa yamphiri ndiyofanana ndi mbuzi ya kumapiri. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kudumpha kuli mpaka 2 metres, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita 5.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa, zimapuma masana, kudya m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wamtunduwu kuli pafupifupi zaka 10-12.

Adani achilengedwe a nkhosa yamphiri

Adani akulu achilengedwe a nkhosa yamphiri ndi mimbulu. Izi zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa artiodactyls zowononga zambiri, chifukwa chakuti nkhosa zam'mapiri zimasungidwa pamalo osalala komanso owoneka bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, adani achilengedwe monga nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa, nyalugwe, coyote, nyalugwe, ziwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide zimakhudza ziwerengero zamadziko lapansi. Komanso nyamazi zimasakidwa ndi anthu. Kutulutsa kwa mtunduwu kumalumikizidwa ndikupanga nyama, zikopa ndi nyanga zamtengo wapatali.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za nkhosa zam'mapiri

• Nkhosa zam'mapiri ndizoyimira kwambiri nkhosa zamtchire. Mtundu wachilatini wotchedwa "Amoni" ubwerera ku dzina la mulungu Amoni. Malinga ndi nthano, chifukwa choopa mwamphamvu Typhon, zakumwamba zidasandulika nyama zosiyanasiyana, Amon adasandulika nkhosa. Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, mulunguyu adawonetsedwa ngati munthu wokhala ndi nyanga zazikulu zamphongo.
• Ndi chifukwa cha nyanga zomwe anthu akhala akusaka nkhosa zamphongo kuyambira nthawi zakale. M'mbuyomu, ku Chinese mankhwala azikhalidwe, mitundu yambiri yazopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Tsopano mtengo wa nyanga zamtunduwu umafika madola masauzande.
• Nkhosa zam'mapiri zochokera kubusa nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa ndi ziweto, pambuyo pake minda siyabwino kudyetsa nyama zamtchire. Anthu akukhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso yozizira. Koma pazonse, kuchuluka kwa zinyama ndizovuta kutsatira chifukwa cha moyo wawo wam'mapiri.
• Nkhosa zamapiri zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, kusaka izi ndizoletsedwa. Nyama izi ndizosavuta kuzimeza, mu ukapolo zimasungidwa m'miyala yayitali ndi mipanda yayitali komanso yolimba, komanso mzipinda zokhala ndi mbale zokumeza ndi zodyetsa. Kuti zibwezeretse kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kupezeka, zimayikidwa m'malo osungira nyama.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Nkhosa zam'mapiri

Mu Latin, Ovis ammon ndi nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zambiri yomwe ili mbali ya banja la bovine. Dzinalo "Araliali" ndi liwu la ku Mongolia lotanthauza "nkhosa zakuthengo." Dzinalo Lachilatini la mitundu ya amoni ndi dzina la amoni Amon. Malinga ndi nthano ya Ovid, zolengedwa zakuthambo za Olympus chifukwa choopa Typhon adabadwanso mwa nyama zosiyanasiyana. Amoni anatenga mawonekedwe a nkhosa yamphongo.

Pakadali pano, ma subspecies 9 adadziwika:

• Nkhosa zam'mapiri za Altai,
• Kazakhstan,
• Chitibetan,
• Tien Shan,
• Pamir,
• Gobi
• Karatau,
• North China,
• Nkhosa zam'mapiri za Kyzylkum.

Akatswiri ena amati mouflon ndi Ovis Amon Musimon, koma kuyesa kwa DNA sikunatsimikizire izi. Magulu angapo a nkhosa za m'mapiriwo anayesedwa ma genetic kuti awonetsetse kuti DNA idapezeka, ndipo ma subspecies ena adayikidwa m'masamba amodzi.Kwa zaka mazana awiri zapitazi, ziwerengero zamitundu yonse yam'mapiri zatsika.

Kodi nkhosa yamphiri imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Nkhosa zam'mapiri ku Russia

Arkhars amakhala m'malo omwewo m'moyo wonse. Zimapezeka pamapiri ndi malo otsetsereka pamwamba pa mamita 1000. M'chilimwe, chakudya chikapezeka, nyama zimayandikira pafupi nsonga za mapiri.

Nkhosa zamapiri zimapezeka m'maiko ngati awa:

• Mongolia. Amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Mongolia, m'malo okhala mapiri, mapiri, miyala yamiyala ndi paphiri.
• Uzbekistan Mitunduyi kale idagawidwa kudera lalikulu ladzikolo. Masiku ano, nyama zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatsala zilibe malire ku mapiri a Nuratau, malo otetezedwa kumpoto kwa Samarkand. Chiwerengero chochepa chikupitilira kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Aktau ndi Tamdytau,
• Tajikistan. Nkhosa zam'mapiri zilipo kum'mawa, kuchokera kumalire ndi Xinjiang, China kumadzulo, mpaka Langar kumwera ndi Lake Sarez kumpoto,
• Russia. Arkhars adapezeka m'mapiri a Transbaikal, Kurai, South Chuy, komanso kuwonjezera pamtunda wa Ukok. Posachedwa, adangojambulidwa m'mabungwe a Tuva ndi Altai okha,
• Pakistan. Amangokhala paki ya Hunjerab ndi malo ake, kupezekanso malo a Hunerab ndi Mintaka,
• Nepal. Amakhala kudera la Damodar-Kund, kumalire ndi Tibet. Itha kusungidwanso m'chigawo cha Dolpo,
• Kyrgyzstan Fotokozerani mbali yakum'mawa kwa dziko molowera kumalire ndi China, kuchokera ku Kazakhstan kumpoto kupita Tajikistan kumwera, komanso magawo a kum'mawa kwa Tien Shan kulowera kumalire a Uzbek,
• Kazakhstan. Kuwona kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Balkash, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Anthu ochepa amapezeka kumapiri a Kara-Tau,
• India. Amapezeka kudera lam'mawa la Ladakh, mdera lapafupi la Spiti, ndipo mosiyana kumpoto kwa Sikkim, moyandikana ndi Tibet,
• China. Adagawidwa kumapiri ambiri a Xinjiang, kuphatikiza Altai Shan, Arjin Shan, Kara-Kunlun Shan, Tien Shan, Pamir ndi madera ena,
• Afghanistan. Dera lakumadzulo kwa Greater Pamirs, gawo lofunikira la Pamer Pamers, limapezekanso ku Wahjir Valley.

Malo a Central Asia ndi akulu ndipo ali omasuka kwambiri. Mapiri amatsekedwa ndi kukokoloka, ndipo mapiri akuluakulu otsetsereka asungidwa, kupatsa nyama mitundu yambiri.

Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nkhosazo zimakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadalira.

Kodi nkhosa yamphiri imadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Wild Mountain Ram

Argali ndi herbivores ndipo amadya zitsamba, zitsamba ndi sedge. Akazi ndi ana a nkhosa amadya kumapiri opanda chakudya choyenera. Amakhala m'malo opanda mitengo, koma ndi chakudya chochuluka. Malo odyetserawa amateteza kwa adani. Amuna akuluakulu, omwe ndi okulirapo kuyambira achikazi ndi achinyamata, amadya m'malo otsika ndi zakudya zapamwamba, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala m'malo okwezeka kumene zakudya zimasowa kwambiri.

Nkhosa zamapiri zimasinthasintha kuti zizitha kukhala m'malo ozizira, amphepo komanso yamphamvu kwambiri kunyumba kwawo. Aakuluakulu amadwala kudya 16-16 makilogalamu pachakudya. Zomera zomwe zimawonedwa ndi mawonekedwe zimasiyanasiyana kutalika ndi dera. M'malo okwezeka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amadya udzu ndi ndulu. M'malo okhala pakati, amadya pafupipafupi pa tchire la mesophyte ndi zitsamba. M'malo otsetsereka ndi ma chipululu, udzu ndi matope zimapezekanso, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa m'mapiri.

Ku Kazakhstan, zikumera, masamba, zipatso, maluwa ndizofunikira pakudya kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri chaka chonse, pomwe ena onse amakhala chakudya chowonjezera. Arkhar amafunikira madzi, omwe si vuto kwa nkhosa zomwe zimakhala pamtunda wokwera, pomwe chisanu chimasungunuka nthawi zonse ndipo pamakhala mitsinje yamadzi yaying'ono. M'madera ouma kwambiri, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna madzi.Nkhosa zamapiri zimadyanso dothi lamchere.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Asia Mountain Ram

Arkhar ndi nyama zoweta ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu a nyama ziwiri kapena 100. Ziweto zimagawidwa ndi kugonana, kupatula nyengo yakuswana. Anthu ambiri akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwanthu akuluakulu, opitilira theka laanthu, ndi 20% yokha ya amuna achikulire ndi wina 20% ya achinyamata achinyamata.

Amphaka ena amphiri am'makomo amayenda okha, koma ambiri amapezeka m'mthumba zazing'ono. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amakhala m'magulu akulu, nthawi zambiri mpaka anthu 92, kupatula abusa omwe ali ndi ziweto pafupifupi 200.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Awa ndiwofatsa kwambiri, osaputa nyama zina, komanso nyama zapamtendere. Azibusa amtsatirana wina ndi mzake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunafuna kulumikizana ndi nkhosa zina.

Ziweta nthawi zina zimasamukira, makamaka zazimuna. Ambiri mwa omwe amasamukira kumayiko ena amakhudzidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwakanthawi kwakudya, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tambiri, chilala chadzaoneni kapena moto, kuwopsa kwa ziweto, komanso ziweto zambiri zitha kuchititsanso kuti anthu asamuke.

Nkhosa zamapiri, monga lamulo, zimakwera malo akulu nthawi yotentha. Nyanga ndi gawo lotchuka mwa amuna. Pa nthawi yopuma, amuna amagwirana ndi mutu wina ndi mnzake, koma nthawi zambiri samavulala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndewu ngati izi mwina zimawabweretsera mutu wowopsa!

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Gulu la nkhosa za kumapiri

Kuthamangathanso kumatha kuchitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Januware, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wotsika. Mitala. Nkhondo ya amuna awiri okhwima ndi vuto lalikulu. Nkhosa zamphongo zimagundana ndi nyanga, ndipo miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ili m'malere, zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokwanira kuti ikamveke kuti ikamveke patali mpaka 800 m.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Akazi amafika kutha msinkhu wazaka 2, ndipo amuna ali ndi zaka 5. Kusiyana kumeneku kumamveka bwino, chifukwa abambo ayenera kukula kwambiri kuposa zazimuna asanabadwe.

Amuna olimba mtima (opitilira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi), wamkulu kwambiri m'gululi, amakhala wamphamvu, ndipo amuna achichepere amayendetsedwa nthawi ya akazi. Ulamuliro ukakhazikitsidwa, yamphongo imayandikira chachikaziyo ndikukwera kwa iye. Kukwatira kumayamba pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu chiyambitsireni kuchita. Amuna amatha kukhala mgulu la akazi kwa miyezi iwiri itatha nthawi yophukira.

Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku opitilira 165. Kubala mwana kumachitika kumapeto kwa March kapena Epulo. Masamba ambiri amabereka mwana wankhosa mmodzi, ngakhale amapasa siachilendo pamitundu ina ndipo ngakhale zochitika pakubadwa kwofananako kwa ana osakwana asanu zalembedwa. Pakubadwa, ana a nkhosa amalemera 2.7-4,6 kg. Mwanawankhosa wakhanda ndi mayi wamphongo amakhala kanthawi komwe kubadwa kunachitikira, ndipo tsiku lotsatira iwo amayenda limodzi.

Kulemera kwambiri kumathamanga, ndipo pobadwa koyamba, anaankhosa amalemera nthawi 10 kuposa pobereka. Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, koma amuna amapitilizanso kukula zaka zina ziwiri. Mano amkaka amakula pazaka pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ndipo mano ake atakwana ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anaankhosa amayamba kudyetsa, koma ana a nkhosa amapitabe kuwamwetsa mkaka. Nkhosa zambiri zam'mapiri zimakhala ndi zaka zisanu mpaka 10.

Adani achilengedwe a nkhosa zam'mapiri

Chithunzi: Mountain ram, kapena argali

Njira yotetezera nkhosa yamapiri ndiyambiri. Amuna akuluakulu ndi akulu komanso othamanga kuposa akazi ndipo samamva kufunika kopewa zilombo zolusa. Chifukwa chake, amasankha malo otsika kuposa omwe akazi ndi ana a nkhosa am'mapiri amasankha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zawo kuti adziteteze kwa adani. Mwayi waukulu womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akaliwe akaukira adaniwa ndi kuthawa mwachangu. Pochita mantha, nkhosayo imatha kukhalabe osagwedezeka mpaka chiwopsezo chazimiririka.Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi machitidwe a nkhosazi mu gulu pakagwa ngozi kuwapangitsa kuthamanga ndikulumpha.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, abambo amphiri a m'mapiri amadumpha bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito kudumpha kuti athawe, ngakhale zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi nyama zazing'ono amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Miyendo yamtali yamphamvu imathandizira nkhosa zam'mapiri kuti zizungulira mitundu yonse yamtunda. Amakhala m'malo osavomerezeka ndi nyama zodya nyama, mwachitsanzo, okwera kumapiri kapena pamipanda yolowapo malo okhala.

Zoyang'anira nyama zimasaka nkhosa zamphiri:

Nkhosa zing'onozing'ono zam'mapiri zimakhala chakudya cha nkhanu ndi mbalame zazikulu monga ziwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhosa zam'mapiri zimasakidwa ndi anthu omwe amapha mwachangu ma artiodactyls kuti atulutse nyanga zamtengo wapatali, nyama ndi zikopa. Pakati pa zinyama, mimbulu imatenga malo oyambilira pakuwononga nkhosa zam'mapiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito nyengo yozizira (mwachitsanzo, chipale chofewa) kugwira mbalame zam'mapiri. Popewa kuchenjezedwa, nyama zomwe zimayang'aniridwa zimayendera limodzi ndikukhalabe m'gulululi.

Moyo

Ziwerengero ziwiri zitha kukhala zodziwika bwino pakupezeka kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri za Altai. Choyamba ndi chachikazi komanso achinyamata, chachiwiri ndi amuna. Nthawi yakubzala, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Januware mpaka Febere, anyamatawa amapikisana pakati pawo, akumenya mdani ndi nyanga mbali ndi chifuwa.

Adani achilengedwe ndi nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa komanso mimbulu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi nkhosa yamphiri imawoneka bwanji?

Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo kunachepa. Kuchepa kwa mbuzi zam'mapiri kumadzetsa chiwopsezo kwa anthu omwe amadyera, monga nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri kukhazikika kwa nkhosazi.

Kuchuluka mbuzi zam'mapiri mdziko:

• Afghanistan. Nkhosa zam'mapiri 624 (87% zomwe zimapezeka ku Pamirs Pocheperazi. Chiwerengero chonsechi chikuyembekezeka kuti ndi anthu 1,000. 120-210 payekha palokha adawonedwanso ku gawo lakumadzulo kwa Great Pamir,
• China. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, kuchuluka kwa mahuma ku China kuli kuyambira 23,285 mpaka 31,920. Ngakhale ofufuza ena amatchulapo ochepa. Mawerengero onse amachokera pamalingaliro opingasa, ndipo palibe amene anganene zolondola,
• India. Nkhosa zamankhosa ndizosowa kwambiri ku Sikkim ndipo zimangosamukira kudera la Spiti. Anthu 127 akupezeka m'malo osungirako zinyama komanso malo opitilira 200 ku Ladakh,
• Kazakhstan. Akuyerekezedwa kuti kuchokera pa 8,000 mpaka 10,000 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, 250 m'mapiri a Kara-Tau, ndi chiwerengero chosadziwika mu Tien Shan,
• Kyrgyzstan. Pali anthu 565 kumadzulo chakumadzulo ndi nkhosa 6,000 zam'mapiri kumpoto chakummaawa kwa Kyrgyzstan. Kafukufuku wa boma akuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa anthu kukhala pafupifupi 15,900
• Mongolia. Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe bungwe la Academy of Science lidachita mu 2001, pafupifupi anthu 10,000 mpaka 12,000 a m'mapiri amakhala ku Gobi m'dziko la Mongolia ndi 3,000 mpaka 5,000 kumadera ena a dzikolo.
• Nepal. Chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa, palibe zowerengeka zolondola zomwe zachitika,
• Pakistan. Chiwerengero cha nyama mdziko muno sichikudziwika, koma mwina osachepera 100,
• Russia. M'mapiri a Altai kumwera kwa Russia, pali nyama 450-700 zomwe zimagawidwa pamitundu yambiri, palibe imodzi yomwe imaposa nyama 50. Palinso nkhosa zamapiri 80-85 mkati mwa Altai Reserve, 150-160 kumtunda kwakutali kwa mitsinje ya Sailugem Ridge, ndi anthu 40-45 m'mphepete mwa Chikhachev Ridge ku Tuva Republic,
• Tajikistan. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, chiwerengero chonse cha Tajikistan chinali 13,000-14,000.Chulukanso, kuchuluka kwa anthu pamtunda umodzi ndi okwera kwambiri pafupi ndi malire ndi China.
• Uzbekistan Kufikira anthu 1800 adasungidwa, pomwe 90% yawo imapezeka pa lokwera la Karatau.

Altai ram: malongosoledwe

Mbiri yakale, nkhosa za kumapiri za Altai zili ndi mayina ambiri. Amadziwika kuti onse ndi nkhosa za Altai, ndi argali, ndi Altai. Mwa mayina onse a nyama yolemekezekayi pali ngakhale nkhosa yamphongo ya "Tien Shan."

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Monga tanena kale, nkhosa za ku Altai ndi nkhosa zazikulu kwambiri. Kukula mwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika masentimita 125, ndi kutalika kwamamita awiri. Awa ndi ma herbivores amphamvu okhala ndi nyanga zotsatana. Amakhala osawerengeka pa nkhosa yamphongo ya Altai, yotalikirana kwambiri komanso wokutidwa kotero kuti m'mbali mwake imagundika kutsogolo. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lalikulu la lipenga ndi lobo ya nyanga yomwe ikuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa chinyama.

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Nyanga zimagwira gawo lalikulu pamagulu a nkhosa. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, nyamayi imangodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi adani achilengedwe, komanso imatenga nawo mbali pazochitika zambiri pankhondo yomwe ikubzala.

Monga oimira banja lonse la nkhosa yamphongo, nkhosa yamphiri ya Altai ndi herbivore. Pazomwe amadya ndiziphuphu zingapo, sedge, buckwheat ndi zitsamba zina. M'nyengo yozizira, popanda chakudya choyenera, nyama zimayendayenda. Makamaka, amatsika kumapiri ndikudya msipu. Kuti mupeze msipu wabwino, nkhosa za kumapiri za Altai zimatha kusamukira mtunda wa makilomita 50.

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Habitat

Lero, pali malo atatu padziko lapansi pomwe mungathe kuwona mbuzi yamapiri ya Altai:

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• M'dera la Chulshman.
• M'dera lamapiri a Saylyugem,
• Patsamba lomwe lili pakati pa Mongolia ndi China.

Sizikunena kuti malo omwe nkhosazo zimakhala ndizosamalidwa bwino ndi malo osungira.

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Malo omwe amakonda mbuzi zamapiri ndi mapiri. Nthawi yomweyo, safuna masamba ochulukirapo - adzakhala okwanira tating'ono tating'ono tozungulira tating'ono ta mawonekedwe ozungulira.

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M'nyengo yotentha, nkhosa zam'mapiri zimatha kudya kawiri kapena katatu, koma kuthirira, ndizowona - zimabwezeretsanso madzi m'matupi awo kamodzi masiku atatu.

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Kuteteza nkhosa kwa kumapiri

Chithunzi: Nkhosa zam'mapiri zochokera ku Buku Lofiira

Arkhars amakhala pachiwopsezo m'malo awo onse, makamaka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo chifukwa kudyetsa kwambiri komanso kusaka. Monga nkhosa yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi njira yabwino yolandirira osaka. Amawombera chifukwa cha nyama, nyanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China, ndi zikopa. Ziwawa zikupitilizabe kukhala vuto lalikulu (komanso zovuta kulisamalira). Nkhosa zamankhosa zinachotsedwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Siberia chakum'mwera, komanso madera ena a Mongolia.

Chosangalatsa: Nkhosa zamapiri ndizotetezedwa kulikonse ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe ndipo zili mu Red Book lapadziko lonse lapansi monga mtundu wosauka. Yolembedwanso mu Buku Lofiira la Russia.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri yophatikizidwa ndi CITES Zowonjezera II, kupatula kwa subspecies O. a. nigrimontana ndi O. a. hodgsonii, omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi Zakumapeto I. Kusunga mitunduyi, malo osungidwa mwachilengedwe amapangidwa komwe kusaka koletsedwa kokhako. Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimalolera bwino ukapolo komanso kubala ana. Kutumiza kwa matenda kuchokera ku ziweto ndichinthu chofunikira kukhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu. Zowopsa izi sizikuwoneka kuti ndizosiyana pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana, ngakhale malo omwe amakhala ndi osiyana.

2 Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Munthawi ya asayansi, palibe mgwirizano pa mitundu mitundu ndi magulu. Ena amalinganiza kupatula nyama molingana ndi mikhalidwe yakuthupi, ina - malinga ndi majini. Mpaka pano, mitundu yayikulu 7 yazindikirika, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri patebulo:

Onani dzina	Khalidwe ndi Kufotokozera	Chithunzi chowonekera
waku Europe mouflon	Nyama yolemera mpaka 50 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120-125. Mtundu umasintha nthawi ndi nthawi: nthawi yotentha imakhala yofiirira, nthawi yozizira imakhala chifuwa chofiirira. Mimba imakhala yoyera nthawi zonse. Nkhosa yamphongo imakhala ndi nyanga zokulirapo komanso kutalika kwa 60-65 masentimita. Akazi alibe pafupifupi nyanga. Amakhala m'malo okwera ku Corsica ndi Sardinia, komanso kumwera kwa Europe
Mouflon waku Asia	Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 150 cm komanso kulemera pafupifupi 80 kg. Kukula kwa nkhosa yamphongo kufota ndi masentimita 90-92. Mwa akazi, nyanga zimakhala zowoneka bwino, zosalala komanso zopindika. Chovala cha ubweya ndi chofiirira, chokhala ndi mutu wofiyira kapena wofiira wagolide. M'nyengo yozizira, yokonzedwa mumdima wakuda.Khadi yoyendera ya ma subspecies ndi mzere wakuda pokwerapo ndi wonyeketsa utoto wokhala ndi tsitsi loyera. Malo omwe amagawikidwira zachilengedwe ndi Transcaucasia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, mpaka ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi India
Cypriot Mouflon	Maphunziro ena a mouflon, omwe ali pafupi kutha. Mu 2016, chiwerengerocho chinali anthu 3,000. Khalani ku Kupro
Ntchito	Imapezeka ku Central Asia ndi malo okwezeka a Kashmir. Nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi Asia mouflons. Chovala chake ndi chofiirira. Amuna, malo pachifuwa komanso khosi lakuda ndi lakuda. Amphongo ndi akulu: kutalika - 145-150 cm ndi kukula kwa mita. Mitundu ina imalemera mpaka 90 kg. Nyama zokongola zokongola ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Nyanga za gawo 30-33 cm, kutalika masentimita 80-85. Zimakhala makamaka ku Central Asia
Argar	Pakati pa oimira, pali zimphona zazitali kutalika kwa 2 mita ndi kutalika kwa 1,1-1.8 Pamir anthu akulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 180. Wopima mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi 60-65 kg ndi kutalika kwa 1.3 m ndi kutalika kwa 0.9-1 m. Nyanga zake ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, mpaka 15% ya misa yonse. Kutalika kwake nthawi zina kumafika mamita awiri. Gulu loyera limazungulira m'khosi. Mtundu woyambira umasiyana kuchokera ku bulawuni wopepuka mpaka waimvi. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu 9 ya nkhosa zam'mapiri
Chipale chofunda	M'malo achilengedwe opezeka ku Eastern Siberia. Sutu imayang'aniridwa ndi bulawuni wakuda, ndikuwunikira pamimba ndi mkati mwamiyendo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi physique yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Wamphongo wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 150, kutalika kwa thupi ndi mamiliyoni 1.9. Kuchulukitsa kwa akazi sikupitirira 70 kg. Zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala ku Chukotka ndi Kamchatka. Mitundu - mutu wamkati wamtundu, wamfupi komanso wakuda, makutu oyera. Miyendo ndiyifupi, yamphamvu. Nyanga zofika 1m kutalika zimakutidwa munjira zoyipa, ndipo malekezero ake amatembenukira kunja. Hafu yaikazi ya lipenga ndi yachifupi kale ndipo ikufanana ndi chikwakwa
Wobadwa nkhosa	Amakhala kumapiri aku North America. Ndizazikulu zazikulu, zokhala ndi mutu wophatikizana ndi makutu ang'ono. Mchira wake suwoneka. Miyendo ndi yopanda minofu, yolimba, yaifupi. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi nyanga zonenepa za kupindika kotalika mpaka 1.2 m. Ulemera wawo ndi wofanana ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi. Ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi 140 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako, osapitirira 90 kg. Nyanga zam'mbuyomu ndizing'onozing'ono, zooneka ngati chikwakwa. Nyengo yotentha, nyama zimaswana kwambiri. Utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira komanso wonyezimira. M'mimba ndi ntchafu zam'munsi ndizowonda mkati
Nkhosa Zapang'onopang'ono kapena Dalla	Mosiyana ndi anzawo akumapiri, ali ndi nyanga zoonda kwambiri. Amapinda. Kulemera kwa nyamayo kumafika pa kilogalamu 145. Agawidwa m'magulu awiri: oyera ndi imvi okhala ndi mawanga oyera. Amapezeka ku Alaska konse kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa United States.
Chitali	Woyimira wamkulu kwambiri mwa mabungwe omwe amapezeka, amatanthauza zaali. Argali amakhala ku Altai ndi Tuva okha. Kunja kwa Russia amapezeka ku Mongolia. Mpaka pano, anthu atatu apulumuka m'malire a China, Mongolia ndi ridlyugem. Awa ndi anthu achisomo, opindidwa mozama, okwanira masentimita 115 mpaka 125. Kuchuluka kwa amuna ndi 200 kg, ndipo akazi 110 kg. Amuna achikulire amakhala ndi nyanga mpaka 150cm, kutalika kwa masentimita 50- 55. Ali ndi chovala cha ubweya wakuda, kuchokera kutundu wonenepa kwambiri mpaka wonyezimira. Belly ndi malo a mchira ndi zoyera

Mtundu wa nyama yamwana

Chofunikira kwambiri pa nyama zotere ndi nyama yayikulu ataphera nyama.

Omwe akuimira njirayi ndi ochulukirapo ndipo amatha kulemera thupi mwachangu. Kulemera kwa nyama zazing'ono za nyama zina m'miyezi inayi kumatha kufika pa 40 mpaka 60 kilogalamu. Nyama yankhosa imatha kulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 150, ndipo nkhosa zotsogola mpaka 80 kilogalamu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zotere ndizosasamala kwambiri m'malo mwa malo olimapo, ndipo malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira pokonza ndipo sizifuna kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama yankhosa chimakhala ndi chakudya chobiriwira chomwe chimapezeka pamalo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo nthawi yozizira - kuchokera ku masheya, chakudya chaudzu ndi mizu. Kuti alimbikitse kuchuluka kwa nyama zophera, nkhosa zimapatsidwa mitundu yapadera yazodyetsa.

Zoyipa za nyama za mayendedwe amtundu wa nkhosa izi ndikumvetsetsa kwa nyama izi kuti zisinthe kwambiri kutentha, chifukwa chomwe, nthawi yozizira kwambiri, zimafunikira zipinda zowuma ndi zowuma kuti zizisunga. Ubwino wawukulu wa nyama yankhosa ndi nyama yokhala ndi zopatsa thanzi kwambiri komanso kulawa.

Mdziko lathuli, mitundu yotsatila yopanga nyama posamalira nkhosa yapeza kutchuka kambiri: Dorper, North Caucasus, Texel, Gorky, Tien Shan, kuguba kwa Romney.

Tiyenera kudziwa mtundu wotere ngati dorper, womwe, ngakhale amawonetsa zokolola zabwino, sunakhalepo wamba m'dziko lathu. Akatswiri amati izi zimachitika chifukwa nyama zapamwamba zokhakhala nazo kunja zimatumizidwa ndikufika ku Russia kuchokera ku Europe, zana limawonetsedwa pamtengo wawo wokwera, womwe uli mkati mwa euro ndi theka la euro pa kuswana aliyense.

Mitundu ya nkhosa yotsogolera mkaka

Dzinalo "nkhosa zamkaka" silolondola kwenikweni. Mkaka wa nkhosa sufunika kwambiri pakati pa masamba opangira mkaka. Mkaka wankhosa ngati zopangira umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga tchizi. Ndipo potengera zisonyezo zabwino, mkaka wa nyama izi umatsika kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake, sichingakhale cholondola kwambiri kutcha nyama zamtunduwu kuti smashoko-mkaka.

Smoothies amatchedwa zikopa za mwanawankhosa zotengedwa kuchokera kwa akhanda masiku atatu mpaka anayi. Zofunikira kuchokera kwa omwe amapanga zikopa izi ndizokwera kwambiri. Komabe, kukhazikitsa smushki kumangopereka gawo la ndalama. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale popanda zinyalala, ana amphongo akupitilirabe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwiniyo alandire ndalama zowonjezera ziwiri (kuchokera kugulitsa zikopa za mwanawankhosa ndikugulitsa mkaka wa nkhosa).

Nkhosa yamalangizo a smkyka amasankhidwa ndi mkaka wokwanira.

Mitundu ya Karakul

Mwana wamwamuna aliyense amapatsa mkaka pafupifupi maziwa. Zowopsa zazikuluzikulu za nyamazi zimaphatikizapo madera ochepa chifukwa cha kubereka kwawo chifukwa nyama zamtunduwu zimatha kuvomereza nyengo yotentha komanso yonyowa.

kuweta nkhosa kudera lino, mwachitsanzo, m'malo a dera lathu lapakati kumayambitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa zipatso zawo.

Mitundu yamkaka yamkaka yotchuka kwambiri ku Russia imayimiridwa ndi mitundu iyi: Sokolsky, Karakul ndi Reshetilovskaya.

Kodi nkhosa zamphongo zimakhala kuti?

Nkhosa zakutchire zimangokhala m'maiko a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo zimakhala m'mapiri komanso kumapiri a Greece ndi Turkey, North Africa ndi Spain, Crimea ndi Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Russia ndi India. Mitundu ina ya nkhosa zokulira imakhala m'madambo. Mitundu yambiri ya ku Europe imatha kupezeka ku Caucasus, Pamir, Tien Shan ndi Altai. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhosa za m'mapiri ndizofala ku Kamchatka, Transbaikalia ndi Eastern Siberia, komanso kumapiri a Tibet ndi Himalayas. Kumpoto kwa America ku America, magawidwe amtunduwu amamangidwa kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, kuyambira ku Mexico kupita ku Alaska.

Kukhazikika kwa nkhosa zapakhomo ndi pafupifupi kontinenti iliyonse, kupatula malo a Antarctica ndi malo otentha omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Masiku ano, nkhosa ndi nkhosa zimaleredwa m'maiko onse a ku Europe ndi Asia, ku America, New Zealand ndi Australia.

Nyama zokhala m'malo achilengedwe zimalumikizidwa kumalo ena ndipo sizichokapo. M'chaka, nkhosa zakutchire zimasinthasintha nyengo, zikukwera kumapiri m'miyezi yachilimwe ndikutsika m'mipata nthawi yozizira.Gulu la nkhosa m'chilimwe limakhala ndi zolinga pafupifupi 30, ndipo nyengo yozizira ikadzayamba, madera ena amatha kukwaniritsa zolinga pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi. Nthawi zambiri, nkhosa yamphongo yamphongo yokhala ndi tiana tating'onoting'ono imasiyanitsidwa ndi magulu abambo omwazikana. Chodabwitsa chokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chazachilendo cha gulu limakhala lotha kuyang'anira zochitika zakazungulira. Alamu yomwe yalandidwa kuchokera kwa gulu lililonse la nkhosamo ndi chitsogozo chothandiza gulu lonse.

M'mabanja oweta, mosiyana ndi abale amtchire, gululi ndi lamtundu wosakanizika, ndipo ng'ombe zimakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu, motero zimafunikira kuti pakhale gulu limodzi la ng'ombe pafupi. Nkhosa yotsalira yokhayokha imapanikizika kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a makonzedwe a mitundu

Kugawika ndikusinthidwa kwa nyama zamtchire zotchulidwa ngati nkhosa zamphongo ndizosokonezeka komanso zopanda ungwiro. Mitundu ingapo ya nkhosa zamtchire ndizachilengedwe. Mwambiri, miyala monga Mouflon, Arkhar, Ugency, ndi ena angapo amatchedwa mapiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapiri ndipo amasinthidwa kuti azungulira miyala. Mwa mitundu ina ya nkhosa yotchinga, yokhala ndi nyanga komanso yoonda. Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kumachitika molingana ndi kapangidwe ka nyangayo, komanso monga mwa mtundu.

Yang'anani! Chifukwa choti chifukwa cha kuwombera kosalamulirika, kuchuluka kwa nkhosa zam'mapiri kunayamba kuchepa kwambiri, m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi nyama izi zinatetezedwa, chifukwa chomwe ziweto zawo zinayamba kukula. Izi ndizowonekera makamaka m'malo osungira zachilengedwe.

Mitundu ya nkhosa zamtchire

Asayansi a nyama zosungidwa ndi nyama amaika nyama m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Gulu la anthu onse silipo. Ena amagawana mitundu molingana ndi kuphatikiza kwa morphological, mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi mawonekedwe a nyanga. Ena mwa kuchuluka kwa ma chromosome ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka DNA. Koma mulimonsemo, ambiri ali ndi lingaliro kuti mouflon ndiye wobweretsa nkhosa zonse.

Mouflon

Mouflon ndi nkhosa yamphongo yokhala ndi nyanga zosambira. Zinachokera ku mtundu uwu komwe nkhosa zonse zoweta zimachokera. Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu:

1. European mouflon. Thupi lake limatha kufika masentimita 125, ndipo kulemera 50 kg. Mtundu wa ubweya umadalira nyengo. Choyera chowala - mtundu wa chilimwe, bulau la chestnut - yozizira. Nyanga zamphongo zimakula kwambiri, zimatha kutalika masentimita 65. Mwa akazi, m'malo mwake, nyanga sizikupezeka. Mouflon amakhala kudera lakumwera kwa Europe, komanso kumapiri a Sardinia ndi Corsica.
2. Mouflon waku Asia. Kulemera kwa nkhosa yamphongo kumeneku kumatha kufika makilogalamu 80, kutalika kwake ndi 1.5 m, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafikira mpaka masentimita 90. Nyanga za nkhosa yamphongo yaku Asia ndizosunthika komanso zopindika. Diameta pamunsi imatha kufikira masentimita 29. Mwa akazi, nyanga zake ndizocheperako, pafupifupi kapena tokhotakhota osati zopindika. Mtundu umakhala wowala - bulauni, nthawi yozizira imada. Zojambula za mouflon uyu ndi mzere wakuda othamangira kumbuyo ndi chingwe chakuda chokhala ndi tsitsi lowala. Mouflon waku Asia ndiofalikira kumwera kwa Turkmenistan ndi Tajikistan, Transcaucasia. Mutha kukumana naye ku India, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan.
3. Cypriot mouflon. Nkhosa yamtchire yomwe inali pafupi kuti awonongedwe m'zaka za zana la 20. Kumusaka mwachidwi kunapangitsa kuti nyamazo zithetsedwe. Ndi anthu 1200 okha omwe adawerengedwa mchaka cha 1997. Koma pofika chaka cha 2016, chiwerengerochi chidakwera mpaka nyama 3,000. Malo okhala mouflon amenewa ndi Kupro.

Mitundu ina

1. Ntchito. Kukula kwa nkhosa yamtchire iyi kufota kumatha kufalikira 1 m, ndipo kutalika kwa 1.45, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika pa 87 kg. Nyanga zamphongozo zimakhala zazitali mamita 1, ndipo zimakhala ndi masentimita 30.5. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala chakuda, nthawi yonseyo chimakhala chofiirira. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa nkhosa zakuthengo ndiko mtundu wakuda wa chifuwa ndi khosi kutsogolo. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yaboma. Nyamayi imakhala kumayiko monga India ndi Iran, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ndi Afghanistan.
2. Argali kapena nkhosa zamtchire. Nkhosa zazikulu kwambiri zamapiri. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kutalika masentimita 120-200, ndi kutalika kufota kwa 95-120, ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 70-180.Amuna ndi amuna ali ndi nyanga zazikulu zowonekera; amuna amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 190. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya nyamayi: Tien Shan, Altai, North Chinese, Tibetan, Gobi, Kyzylkum, Amur, Kazakhstan. Mtundu wa chovalachi umadalira pamasamba. Utoto umachokera ku mchenga wowala mpaka imvi. Mzere wakuda wakuda ukuthamangira mzere. Mphete yaubweya yowala imakongoletsa khosi la argali, ndipo mane amakhala ndi ubweya wazitali. Sheds argali kawiri pachaka. Nyamayi ndi yofalikira ku Central ndi Central Asia. Ku Russia, nkhosa ya kumapiri imatha kupezeka kum'mwera kwa Siberia. Arkhar adalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation.
3. Chipale chofunda. Ali ndi khosi lalifupi komanso kulemera kwakukulu, komwe kumatha kufika makilogalamu 150. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mpaka 188 cm, kufota mpaka 110. Nyanga zamphongo zimapindidwa kukhala mphete ndipo zimatha kukula mpaka 1 mita. Zolemba panyanga zatsala pang'ono kuwoneka. Mwa akazi, nyanga ndi zazifupi komanso zazifupi m'mimba mwake. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, wabulawuni. Amagawidwa kum'mawa kwa Siberia.
4. Nkhosa yotseguka kapena nkhosa yotseka. Kulemera kwa thupi kumayambira pa 75 mpaka 145 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 110 cm, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 115. Nyangazo amazidulira kuzolowera ndikufika kutalika kwa 110 cm. Nyanga zazimuna zimatha kulemera mpaka 14 kg. Mtundu wa ubweya ndi wofiirira komanso wachikaso kapena mtundu wa bulauni. Amagawidwa ku North America, kuyambira Canada kupita ku California.
5. Wam'm miyendo kapena wamphongo Dalla. Nyama zamtunduwu ndizochepa kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 175 cm, kulemera - 140 kg. Nyanga zake ndizochepa komanso zazitali, zimatha kukula mpaka 110 cm. Habitat kuchokera ku Alaska kupita Colombia. Dalla adagawika m'magulu awiri. Kutengera ndi subspecies, mtundu wa chovalacho ndi choyera mpaka imvi.

Zoberekera za kutsogola kwa mafuta kwa nkhosa

Mwanjira ina, nkhosazi zimatchedwa mafuta mchira. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi ena onse ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa gawo la mafuta mu sacrum. Dziko lanyama ndi nyama zamafuta ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri Mwachitsanzo, mayiko monga Tajikistan ndi Afghanistan. Mkhalidwe wouma komanso kusapezeka kwa madera okhala ndizomwe zimakhala chifukwa cha mitundu iyi ya nkhosazi. Chofunikira kwambiri pazinyama zamafuta ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu kwambiri (oyimira amtunduwu ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya nkhosa)

Chofunikira chawo chachiwiri ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwambiri kwa nyamayi pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Chabwino, ndipo chachitatu ndi kuphweka kwa chakudya chawo

Pakatikati pawo, nkhosa za mchira wamafuta zimakumbukira ngamila. Mchira wamafuta a nkhosazi, kuphatikiza mafuta anyama, mumapezeka michere yambiri, yomwe imalola kuti nyama izi (monga ngamila) kuti zizikhala zopanda madzi ndi chakudya masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana ndipo amatha kudya msipu wowerengeka chaka chonse.

Zoyipa zazikulu za nyama zotere zimaphatikizapo chonde chawo chochepa. Mwa ana amisala yamafuta, ndimosowa kwambiri kukhala ndi mwanawankhosa woposa. Choipa china cha nkhosa za mchira wamafuta ndizotsika kwambiri za ubweya wawo, zomwe sizikugulitsidwa kwenikweni.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nyama ndi mayendedwe amafuta pamagulu oweta nkhosa ndi awa: Jaidar, Edilbaev ndi Hissar.

Kulemera kwamoyo kwamunthu wachimuna wamafuta akulu kumayambira 110 mpaka 190 kilogalamu. Akazi apaulendo amtunduwu, ngakhale amawoneka ocheperachepera kuposa amphongo, amatha kufikira 75 mpaka 90 kg. Kulemera kwa mafuta mumchira wamafuta awa nyama zimatha kufikira 14 kg.

Mitundu ya kowongolera ubweya wa nkhosa

Mtundu wankhokwe wabwino wa nyamazi ndi zipatso zabwino zaubweya wazofunikira, popeza zipatso zamtunduwu ndizosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi zomwe tidalemba kale. Komabe, pafupifupi ubweya wankhosa ubweya wa nyama ndi kilogalamu zana, kotero nyama za mitundu yotereyi ndizoyenera kupanga mwana wankhosa.

Mtundu wa ubweya wa nyama zamtunduwu umapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunafuna kwambiri pambuyo pake, yamtengo wapatali pakukonza mabizinesi a makampani opepuka. Akupanga zopanga matambula apamwamba kwambiri, zinthu za zovala zakunja, magolovesi ndi zinthu zina. Iyenera kudziwika bwino zomwe zikuwonetsa ubweya wa ubweya wa nkhosa m'njira iyi. Kuchokera kwa aliyense, mutha kupeza ma kilogalamu 7 - 20 a zinthu za rune.

Ngakhale zili ndi zovuta zake, mitundu ya ubweya wa nkhosa imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Chifukwa chovala ubweya wambiri, nyama zamtunduwu zimakonda kugwidwa ndi majeremusi akhungu.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhosa yokhala ndi ubweya wa nyama imakhala yofanana ndi yonyowa kapena, nawonso, nyengo yowuma kwambiri.

Ubwino wake umaphatikizaponso kuti nthawi yachisanu yozizira nyama izi zimasiya kumva, popeza tsitsi lozama komanso lalitali ndilo chitetezo chabwino ku kutentha kochepa.

Kuchepa kwa utsogoleri wa ubweya wa nkhosa ndi kulimba kwa ziboda zawo, chifukwa chomwe m'malo mwake amawasamalirira akufunika pansi.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yofala m'dziko lathuli Mitundu yanyama ndi ubweya imaphatikizapo: Altai, Stavropol, Grozny, Askanian ndi Merino.

Ndikosatheka kunena kuti nkhosa za nyama ndi ubweya sizingadzitame chifukwa chonde. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhosa zazikazi za ulendowu zimapatsa mkaka wochepa, womwe ndi wokwanira kudyetsa mwana wa nkhosa mmodzi kapena awiri.

Zowonera mwachidule

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimakhala ndi thupi lonyowa, sizimawoneka ngati nkhosa yodyetsedwa bwino komanso yowonongeka. Ichi ndi nyama yonyada komanso yabwino. Zithunzi zazikulu za nkhosa zamphongo zokhala ndi nyanga zopindika zinapezeka pazipangidwe zakale ndi zolemba za ku Asia. Nkhosa zamapiri zamtchire zimakhala makamaka kumapiri a Iraq, Iran ndi mapiri a Caucasus. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, a mouflon aku Asia amakhala kudera la Armenia, ku Crimea ndi ku mayiko a Balkan Peninsula.

Dzina Lachilatini la nyama iyi ndi Ovis orientalis. Amuna mwachilengedwe ndi nyama zamiyendo yamphamvu, chifukwa chake m'gulu limodzi la nkhosa zamphongo mumakhala mtsogoleri wanthawi zonse. Wofatsa samvera mopanda malire. Gulu limatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi zana, kuwonjezera apo, lamphongo limalumikizana nawo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukhwima, kenako nkusiya abale. Chodziwika cha nyengo yakukhwima: nkhondo yaimuna kapena kukankha ndi nyanga.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Asia nyama yamphongo yamtchire imamadya msipu wamitundu yonse. Monga nkhosa zapakhomo, nkhosa zakuthengo zimakonda njere zamtundu uliwonse, makamaka udzu wa tirigu wokula m'mapiri aliwonse. Mouflons mosangalatsa kutafuna wort wa St. John, fashoni, zakuthambo, komanso sainfoin ndi goddaughter. Ofukula za nyama amawerengera pafupifupi mitundu 17 ya zitsamba zamtchire pakudya kwa Asia mouflons.

Zojambula ndi malo a nkhosa yamphiri

Nkhosa zam'mapiri ndi gulu la nyama zokhala ndi zibwano - anthu am'banja la bovine, omwe ali ofanana wina ndi mnzake, ofanana m'njira zina, kwa nkhosa zoweta, ng'ombe zamphongo ndi mbuzi zamphiri.

Imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi nkhosa zotsiriza zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi nyanga zochititsa chidwi, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulika pamtanda, komanso mawonekedwe akulu, owala, miyendo yayifupi komanso kusowa kwa ndevu.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zamtchire, poyerekeza ndi zoweta, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo nyanga zake zimakhala zazitali. Zofanana ndi nyama izi ndi nkhosa zamphongo zazimaso ndi zamtundu, zomwe ndi mawonekedwe apakati pakati pa nkhosa zamphongo wamba ndi mbuzi zam'mapiri.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimadziwika ndi zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Ndipo kwakukulu, mwa kukula kwawo, mitundu yawo, yomwe asayansi akuwerengera pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri, idapangidwa mwadongosolo ndipo imasiyana pakati pawo.

Yemwe ayimira kwambiri pagululi ndi mouflon. Nyamazi zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 75 cm, mpaka kufika kulemera kwa 25 mpaka 46 kg. Mtsogoleri pakati pa mitundu ndi argali - woimira wamkulu wa gululi.Anthu okhala m'mapiri otere nthawi zina amakhala olemera 100, amuna mpaka 200 kg, mpaka kutalika kwa mita.

Monga mukuwonera pachithunzi cha nkhosa zam'mapiri, kunyada kopanda malire ndi nyama zotere ndi nyanga zawo, zopindika m'njira yoyambirira, kumizere yoyenda mbali zonse ndikuzungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Mwini wa nyanga zazikulu kwambiri komanso zolemetsa (zolemera mpaka 35 kg) ndi nkhosa ya kumapiri a Altai, ndiyonso nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri ya nyama zotere (mwa anthu wamba zimakhala ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 180).

Komabe, izi ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri, yomwe anthu amati, pafupifupi anthu 700 okha. Poona momwe zinthu ziliri, ku Russia anthu okhala m'mapiri amalembedwa mu Red Book.

Mitundu ya nyama, monga lamulo, ikuyendera limodzi, imakhala yotuwa kapena yofiirira, koma gawo la miyendo, dera lakumbuyo ndi m'mimba, nthawi zambiri, imakhala yoyera.

Komabe, pali zosiyanapo zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, nkhosa zamphongo zopyapyala ndizopondera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu imodzimodzi yotuwa ya monophonic kapena yoyera, ndipo mawonekedwe ngati a mane amawasiyanitsa ndi ma ubweya wokongola chikasu.

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimakhala bwino kumapiri onse kumpoto kwa Nyengo, zimayimiridwa kwambiri ku Asia, koma zimapezeka m'mapiri ambiri ku Europe, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa ndi America, zimakonda kukhazikika kumapeto kwenikweni, mosiyana ndi mbuzi zamapiri. Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya nyama izi: nkhosa zamiyendo yamiyendo, zopezekanso kumapezeka kumapeto kwa mapiri.

Zokhudza zanyama

M'zaka zaposachedwa, nkhosa zachotsedwa. Chiwerengerochi chikucheperachepera pazifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, uku ndikuwombera kosalamulirika ndi ozitcha, ndipo chachiwiri, kuthamangitsa nyama kumalo awo achilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti ziweto zimadyera m'maderawa, zomwe zimadya kwambiri zakudya za argali, mouflon, ndi zina zotere. Izi zimatsogolera kuti nyama zimayenera kupeza malo atsopano chakudya ndi chakudya. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha izi, gawo lina la ng'ombe limafa m'manja mwa osaka kapena olusa monga wolverines, mimbulu, nyalugwe wa chisanu, etc.

Kuti anthu atetezeke, malo osungirako zachilengedwe amatsegulidwa pomwe zoletsedwa kusaka nyama. Ndipo popeza nkhosa zam'mapiri zimamva kukhala zambiri mu ukapolo, komwe zimabadwira, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezereka. Milandu yodziwika kwambiri yosaka nyama zabusa zamapiri inali mu 2009. Kenako ndege ya helikopita inagwera Altai, pagululo pomwe panali akuluakulu apamwamba komanso mabizinesi akusaka nyama izi. Milanduyi idadziwika nthawi yomweyo, koma khothi lidakana kudandaula. Monga tawonera pang'ono, ndizovuta kulankhula za kuchuluka, popeza nyamayi ndi yokhala kuthengo ndipo imakhala komwe kulibe munthu.

Kufotokozera kwa Ram, mawonekedwe, chithunzi. Kodi nkhosa yamphongo imawoneka bwanji?

Kukula kwa nkhosa yamphongo kumayambira 1.4 mpaka 1.8 metres. Kutengera ndi mtunduwo, kulemera kwa nkhosa kumasiyana 25 mpaka 220 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafota - kuyambira 65 mpaka 125 cm.

Mbali yodziwika bwino yomwe ili mu mtundu wa nkhosa yamphongo ndi nyanga zazikulu zamizere zokhotakhota ndizitali zazing'onoting'ono zoloza mbali, atakhala pamutu wawung'ono. Nyanga zazikazi zimatha kufikira masentimita a 180, ngakhale kuli mitundu yokhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono kapena popanda iyo konse. Miyendo yokwera kwambiri komanso yolimba imasinthika bwino poyenda onse m'minda yosalala komanso m'malo otsetsereka kumapiri. Mchira wa nkhosa umakhala ndi kutalika kwa 7 mpaka 15 cm.

Chifukwa chamalo amaso ndi ana opindika, nkhosazo sizitha kuwona momwe ziliri pambuyo pawo osatembenuza mitu yawo. Akatswiri ofufuza za nyama amati maso a nkhosa amatha kudziwa utoto. Izi, limodzi ndi kununkhira kwakumaso ndi kumva, zimathandiza nkhosa kupeza chakudya kapena kubisala kwa mdani.

Nkhosa yamphongo ndi nkhosa. Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawonekera mu kukula kwa thupi (nkhosa zamphongo ndizochulukirapo kawiri kuposa nkhosa) ndi nyanga (mwaimphongo nyanga zake zimapangidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa zazikazi). Koma mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya sukutengera mawonekedwe a kugonana.Mwa anthu onse amtunduwu, mtundu wake ndi wofanana. Mtundu wa nkhosa ndi nkhosa ndi brownish bulauni, loderapo, imvi wofiira, woyera, kuwala imvi, woderapo ndipo ngakhale wakuda. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nkhosa, miyendo ndi mimba ndi m'munsi ali kuwala, pafupifupi woyera. M'magulu onse amtunduwu, kupatula mitundu ya zoweta, kusungunuka kwakanthawi kumawonedwa.

Kumanzere yamphongo, nkhosa bwino

nkhosa ndi nyama kutsogolera gulu moyo. Anthu a m'gululi amalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena phokoso. Liwu la nkhosa ndi kakuphiriphita, osiyana mu kamvekedwe. Nthawi zambiri, anthu ng'ombe kusiyanitsa mzake ndi mawu.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhosa yamphongo nthawi yachilengedwe kumasiyana zaka 7 mpaka 12, ngakhale anthu ena amakhala zaka 15. Nkhosa moyo mu ukapolo kwa zaka 10-15, ndi bwino iwo zimatha kukhala zaka 20.

Argali (steppe nkhosa yam'tchire)

Arkhars anali odziwa zambiri ku Tien Shan ndi Southern Altai. Komabe, m'zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero awo kwambiri utachepa chifukwa zochita za anthu, mu Altai iwo kwathunthu mbisoweka.

Arkhars amakhala okwera ndi kukhala ndi moyo wongokhala. Ngati kwanthawi yayitali malo amodzi mungapezeko chakudya kapena nkhosa palibe amene akuvutitsa, sasokera.

Zofunika! zamphongo Awa ndi waukulu, kulemera kwa wamkulu kumafika makilogalamu 200, ndipo kutalika pa zinafota ndi 1,25 m.

The moyo amayembekezeka argali ndi zaka 10-12. Mwaimuna, nyanga zimakhala zamphamvu, zopindika

Nyanga za akazi ndi wochepa thupi ndi zocheperapo, pafupifupi sanagwadirepo. Mtundu wa thupi kawirikawiri brownish bulauni mbali ndi kumbuyo, ndipo mimba ndi khosi ndi moyera-.

Mwaimuna, nyanga zimakhala zamphamvu, zopindika. Nyanga za akazi ndi wochepa thupi ndi zocheperapo, pafupifupi sanagwadirepo. Mtundu wa thupi kawirikawiri brownish bulauni mbali ndi kumbuyo, ndipo mimba ndi khosi ndi moyera-.

Chipale chofewa (chotumphuka, chubuk)

Thupi la nkhosa chisanu ndi waung'ono koma akulu, ndi mutu waung'ono umene nyanga zimene zimapezeka mu maonekedwe ili. Iwo khalidwe la amuna ndi akazi uko, iwo akhoza kufika masentimita 110 m'litali.

Nkhosa yotsekerayo imatchulidwanso kuti "chipembere" kapena "chubuk". Miyendo ndi yochepa ndi amphamvu. thupi yokutidwa ndi wandiweyani tsitsi lalifupi, omwe amaziteteza ku chisanu. Mtundu wa nyama makamaka ndi bulauni, mawanga oyera amapezeka thupi, makamaka pamutu.

The kutalika kwa thupi amuna ranges ku 1,40 kuti 1,88 m, kutalika pa zinafota ndi 76-112 cm. Iwo kulemera kwa 56 150 makilogalamu. Akazi ali ang'onoang'ono kukula, thupi lawo kutalika ndi 126-179 masentimita, kutalika -. 76-100 masentimita thupi - kuchokera makilogalamu 33 mpaka 68.

Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu angapo, pakugwa kwawo amakhala m'magulu akulu, koma osapitirira 30 zolinga.

Dalla (Pamtendere)

Baran Dalla opezeka mu North America (kumadzulo Canada ndi ku mapiri a Alaska). Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi tsitsi loyera chipale chofewa, nthawi zina anthu okhala ndi michira yakuda ndi malo otuwa kumbuyo ndi mbali zake amapezeka. anthu wamkulu ndi thunthu kutalika 1.3-1.8 m.

Kodi mumadziwa? Mtundu wa nkhosa anapeza mu 1877 ndi William Dall, katswiri ku United States, pa ulendo wake. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zidatchedwa dzina lake.

Amuna kulemera kwa makilogalamu 70 110, akazi - mpaka makilogalamu 50. Amuna ndi nyanga mwauzimu, amene moonjezera anapotoza ndi zaka. Nyanga zazikazi ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zowonda. Iwo amakhala avareji zaka 12.

zamphongo Dall ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri, osati ankhanza ndi magulu wapafupi. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala m'magulu osiyana ndipo amagwirizana nthawi yophukira.

Mwa amuna, ufumu okhwima zimawonedwa, amene anatsimikiza ndi kukula kwa malipenga. Amuna bungwe kupikisana pakati pawo, koma chifukwa cha kuvulala amphamvu chigaza n'zochepa kwambiri.

Ucala (phiri la Turkmen)

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu zing'onozing'ono nkhosa yakuthengo, ali wamba ku Central Asia. Imatha kulemera alibe upambana makilogalamu 80, ndipo kutalika pa zinafota ndi mpaka 75 cm. malaya awo mtundu ndi zofiirira ndi pang'ono mbandakucha m'chilimwe.

Pali malo oyera pa croup, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi tsitsi lakuda m'khosi ndi pachifuwa.Nyanga za amuna ndi chachikulu, m'litali iwo angafikire 1 mita, ndi pamwamba otukukira kunja akunja ndi makwinya yaing'ono yopingasa.

Iwo amakhala m'mbali mwa mapiri ndi zitunda zathyathyathya, momwe muli otseguka msipu, popanda m'zigwa ndi ovuta. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina, akazi ndi amuna a urials moyo m'chigulu osiyana ndi kuyanjana kwa nyengo mating. Mimba kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pamene mwanawankhosa chifukwa munthu sabadwa. Chitekimeni phiri nkhosa moyo zaka 12.

Mitundu ya Ovis Amoni

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana nkhosa ndi swirling nyanga ankaona nyama yopatulika. Kuwundana Aries ndi dzina lake. Dzina Latin wa nyama - Ovis Amoni - lili ndi dzina la mulungu Aigupto Amon. Swirling nyanga ya nkhosa yamphongo - chizindikiro cha nyama. Iwo yaitali, wakuda pa m'munsi, ndi lakuthwa kumapeto.

nkhosa yakuthengo mulibe gulu limodzi. Mmodzi wa iwo chimasiyanitsa magulu awa a nyama

1. Nkhosazi: European ndi Asia.
2. Arkhars: Kazakhstan, Altai argali, Darwin nkhosa, Kyzylkum, Tien Shan, Karatau. Kwa inunso aku Pamir, North China ndi Chitibeta nkhosa.
3. Urials: Ladakh, Chipunjabi, Bukhara Urials, Ustyurt, Chitekimeni nkhosa.
4. Chipale chofunda.
5. Baran Dalla.
6. Bighorn.

Pamene differentiating mitundu, kukula kwake nyama mbali structural wa thupi, mchira, mtundu wa nyanga, ndi osiyanasiyana achilengedwe n'komwe. artiodactyls Wild amasiyana mtundu, koma pafupifupi mitundu mimba ndi m'munsi malekezero mwayera. Akazi ali ang'onoang'ono kuposa amuna, malipenga awo sakhala otukuka.

Zinyama zonse kuwunika otetezedwa

Only argali ndi nkhosa yam'tchire ali zimaŵetedwa ku minda payekha ndi malo osungira nyama, mitundu ina ya kufa mu ukapolo. Chifukwa tikukonza, corrals lalikulu ndi lalitali, odalirika mpanda zofunika. Pofuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ng'ombe, nkhokwe ali kulengedwa. adani Natural ali mimbulu, lynxes, wolverines.

Mountain nkhosa argali

Arkhars amasiyana kuti amakhala magulu pafupifupi 100 anthu. Amuna ndi akazi kubwera pamodzi okha kuswana, pamene ena a nthawi, amuna gulu osiyana nkhosa ndi akazi. The mpikisano pakati pa amuna si wamagazi. Kumenyana zambiri limodzi ndi nkhonya ya nyanga mu chifuwa ndi pamodzi nthiti. mimba mkazi kumatenga za miyezi 5, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 4 nkhosa adziimire paokha kwathunthu. The moyo wa anthu zambiri ranges kuchokera zaka 10-13. Posachedwapa, nkhosa zonse phiri atengedwa moyang'aniridwa chifukwa kusalankhula kuwombera.

Gulu

Nkhosa ndi nkhosa zamphongo za Mitundu osiyana pamodzi mu gulu limodzi mwa mtundu wa chida cha ubweya. Pali atatu nkhosa ndi nkhosa yekha malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo ubweya: coarse tsitsi, chabwino-ubweya ndi theka-bwino grained. Zikatero, aliyense wa mitundu itatu ubweya ali m'magulu awa a zokolola (kupanga ubweya, nyama kapena mkaka):

• ubweya
• nyama wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya
• nyama ndi ubweya,
• nyama ndi ubweya longhair,
• nyama ndi shorthair,
• nyama ndi aliwonse,
• nyama ndi ubweya malaya,
• smushnye,
• nyama-ubweya mkaka.

Mukhoza kudziwa zambiri za magulu osiyanasiyana a nyama zimenezi mu nkhani ya gawo lathu. Nkhani iliyonse muli zithunzi ndi mavidiyo kuti adzalola kuti kumvetsa zofunikila za mtundu ndi makhalidwe ake.

Coarse tsitsi

Mtundu wa nkhosa kwakhala gwero zonse nkhosa ndi nyama. nyama anaikama bwino, ndipo anapita mafuta ndi smushka (nkhosa ndi zikopa). mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo Karakul, Eldibaev, Kuchugurov, Tuva, Andean, Karachaev, Lezginsky. A odziwika bwino coarse zimasokoneza ndi Romanovskaya. Adzaupereka kwa mitundu odula nyama-ubweya. Nkhosa za mitundu ndalama zokwana 10 sauzande rubles pa mutu.

Zabwino-ubweya

Mu mtundu uwu wa nkhosa, kutalika kwa CHIKWANGWANI ubweya ndi za 9 cm, ndi makulidwe ndi za microns 25. Pakuti centimeter mmodzi wa CHIKWANGWANI pali 7 mapini. Manych merino nkhosa, ngati merino Soviet, ndi gwero la khalidwe ubweya kwambiri.Komanso, Salskaya, Stavropol, Altai, Askanian, Transbaikal, Caucasus, Krasnoyarsk ndi South Ural miyala ndi za yabwino-ubweya. Limatchedwanso ndi Volgograd, Vyatka, Dagestan phiri Prekos.

Theka chabwino

M'litali ubweya wa nkhosa theka-bwino korona zina ukufika 20 cm, koma mawu a stiffness ndi elasticity izo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri - kuchokera chofewetsetsa ndi lightest kwa sing'anga kuuma. Kufotokozera za Mitundu yaitali tsitsi, mwachitsanzo, monga Kuibyshev, Russian, North Caucasus, Soviet, Gorky kapena Gorno-Altai, mudzapeza mu gawo lathu. Pa malo omwewo, mu zipangizo ndi zithunzi, kudzakhala kotheka kuti muwerenge nkhani yokonza ndi kuisamalira nyama.

Habitat ndi malo

Mountain argali moyo, monga ulamuliro, mu m'tsinde ndi m'mapiri a ku Central Asia Central, mkuuka msinkhu wa mamita 1.3-6.1 zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. A amakhala osaya nyama Himalaya, Pamirs ndi Tibet, komanso Altai ndi Mongolia. Posachedwapa, osiyanasiyana cha nyama artiodactyl anali onse kwambiri, ndipo phiri argali anapezeka ambiri kum'mwera kwa Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia, komanso kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Yakutia.

Panopa, malo argali kwakukulukulu kudalira pa makhalidwe a subspecies ndi:

• subspecies Ovis Amoni Amoni chikupezeka mu kachitidwe phiri la Gobi ndi Mongolian Altai, komanso pa zitunda munthu ndi mitandadza m'dera la East Kazakhstan, Southeast Altai, kum'mwera Tuva ndi Mongolia,
• ndi subspecies Ovis ammonium zimapezeka Chikazaki mapiri, mu Balkhash kumpoto, Kalba Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak ndi Saur,
• subspecies Ovis Amoni hodgsonii zimapezeka Chitibeta yachonde ndipo Himalaya, kuphatikizapo Nepal ndi India,
• subspecies Ovis Amoni karelini opezeka mu Kazakhstan, komanso Kyrgyzstan ndi China,
• subspecies Ovis Amoni rolii amakhala m'dera la Tajikistan ndi Kyrgyzstan, China, komanso Afghanistan,
• subspecies Ovis Amoni jubata amakhala chilengedwe Chitibeta okwera,
• ndi subspecies Ovis Amoni cevertzóvi amakhala mbali ya kumadzulo ya m'mapiri ku Kazakhstan, komanso madera ena pa dera la Uzbekistan.

Mountain nkhosa amakonda malo mwachilungamo lotseguka, kuzipatsa amayendayenda steppe phiri otsetsereka ndi malo Piedmont miyala, komanso busa ya m'mapiri meadows, komanso inamera zitsamba leafy. A ogawika-hoofed, osaya nyama ndi amapezeka m'zigwa miyala ndi zigwa ndi okwera miyala. Arkhars kupewa malo amene yodziwika ndi m'nkhalango zowirira za zomera zake. Chinthu chapadera cha subspecies zonse ndi nyengo ofukula kusamuka.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mu chilimwe, argali amapemphera kwa akuluakulu a zone ya m'mapiri, wolemera mu atsopano busa zomera, ndi nyama yozizira M'malo mwake, ukutsika mu gawo la msipu yaing'ono chipale chofewa.

Kodi Mitundu ya nkhosa yopindulitsa kwambiri kuswana mu dziko lathu

Poganizira ubwino onse ndi kuipa kwa mitundu nkhosa tatchulazi, ambiri nkhosa obereketsa involuntarily funso lakuti: "Kodi pali mtundu chilengedwe nyama zimenezi?"

Mulinso mitundu yonse nkhosa zimene zabweretsa pa gawo la dziko lathu, malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi nkhosa za mtundu Romanov.

mtundu umenewu muli ubwino onse oimira ena a m'fuko nkhosa.

The Romanovskaya nkhosa ali ndi kulemera yabwino kwambiri (za zana makilogalamu), ndi nkhosa ndi yodziwika osati fecundity kwambiri, komanso ndi luso la kukhala ndi pakati maulendo angapo. Ana imodzi, mkazi Romanov mtundu akhoza kubweretsa ana a nkhosa atatu kapena asanu, ndi ana okha ku yaikazi wina akhoza kukhala ziwiri pa chaka.

Romanovsk nkhosa

Komanso, khalidwe la ubweya wa nkhosa Romanovsk pafupifupi ayi wolephera sapulaya amenewa wotchuka ubweya monga merino, amene ali patsogolo malowa kupanga ziweto.

Izo sizingakhoze ananena kuti Romanov mtundu ndiko Kupambana mwangwiro zoweta.Iye zimaŵetedwa ku dera Yaroslavl, kotero nkhosa kuswana mwachindunji ku ndiAmene za mtundu wa zilipo mwamtheradi kugula. mtundu umenewu ndi oyenera alimi woyamba ndi adzalola kuti mofulumira kukhala nkhosa zanu kuswana ogwira kuchokera zikande.

Nyama zobereketsa za Romanov ndizoyenera pafupifupi mtundu wina uliwonse wa chakudya, zimakhala ndi matenda ndipo zimatha kubereka mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kusankha koyenera motengera kuchuluka kwa mitengo yosamalira komanso ndalama.

Zosangalatsa za nkhosa zamphongo

• Nkhosa yamphongo mwana ali mawonekedwe anayi. Mawonekedwe ofananawo a ziwalo zamawonedwe amawonedwa mu ma octopus ndi mongooses.
• Agiriki akale perpetuated fano la nkhosa yamphongo, anangotchula polemekeza izo wina wa zakuthambo magulu (Aries).
• Kale, gawo ntchito za nkhosa zamphongo cholinga kuwononga makoma achitetezo anali wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe mutu wa nkhosayo. Zinali kuchokera pamenepa kuti mawu otchuka okhudza nkhosa yamphongo ndi chipata chatsopano amabwera.
• Onse matumbo kutalika nkhosa zamphongo kuposa kutalika thupi ndi nthawi zoposa makumi atatu.
• Mitundu ina ya nkhosa ali awiriawiri 2 nyanga, omwe sapezeka mitundu zakutchire.

Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Gawanani ndi anzanu:

Gawo Morphological

The morphological gulu limagaŵikira nkhosa m'magulu asanu: mafuta mchira, yochepa tailed, kuleza tailed, kuleza tailed, yochepa tailed. Zomera zazifupi komanso zazifupi zimakhala ndi mchira wamfupi (kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 22 vertebrae) ndipo, motero, mafuta ochulukirapo kapena kupezeka kwawo kwathunthu kumatako ndi mchira.

Long-tailed ndi kuleza tailed michira ndi michira italiitali, koma amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana a wosanjikiza mafuta mu mchira ndi zigawo zapambuyo. Pafupifupi onse abwino tailed ndi theka-bwino korona miyala a kuleza tailed. Amuna achimuna opanda mafuta, amakhala ndi mchira waifupi, wokhala ndi ma vertebrae okwanira 8 ndi mafuta osungidwa pamizu ya mchira ndi matako. Mafuta mchira nkhosa ali otchuka mu Tajikistan, Uzbekistan ndi ku Asia.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

Arkhars ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa nkhosa zam'mapiri za banja la bovids, zomwe zimatchulidwanso kuti Araliar. kulemera - ≈ makilogalamu 180, kutalika - ≈ 2 m Ngakhale ena mitundu ya nkhosa ndi laling'ono kwambiri.. Chinthu chapadera cha argali ndi maonekedwe ake komanso kukula nyanga. Mtundu wa nkhosa umakhala kuchokera kumchenga wowala kupita ku bulauni, wokhala ndi thupi lotsika. Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ndi chizindikiro kuwala khosi. Nyanga za nyama za mtundu uwu yaitali, pafupifupi mamita awiri apamwamba. Izi zikutuluka mwamphamvu pamutu pa nkhosa yowoneka ngati yowondera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mwa unyinji wa nyama zomwe zimakhalamo ≈ 15% ndipo ndizofunika m'madera osaka.

Argar

Pali 9 mitundu ya phiri nkhosa za mtundu umenewu:

1. Altai,
2. Kazakhstan,
3. Chitibeta
4. Tien Shan
5. Pamir,
6. Gobi
7. Karatau,
8. Kumpoto China
9. Kyzylkum.

Nkhosazi - anawagawa European ndi subspecies Asian. Woimira ku Europe wamtunduwu wa nkhosazi amapezeka kumapiri a Kupro, Corsica ndi Sardinia. Awa ndi zofiirira nyama ndi pansi woyera. Amuna amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi, misa zawo zimasiyanasiyana pakati makilogalamu 40-50, ndipo 1,25 mamita m'litali. Nyanga ndi gawo triangular kufika kukula kwa masentimita 65. Nkhosa yam'tchire ya chiyambi Asian ndi lalikulu kuposa wachibale European. Kulemera kwake ndi ≈ 80 makilogalamu ndipo kutalika kwake ndi ≈ 1.5 m. Nyanga zake ndi zazikulu ndi mtanda wopambanidwa. nkhosa aakazi ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri hornless.

Urialov nthawi zina amatchedwa nkhosa yam'tchire Asian. Komabe, ma ma chromosome angapo amawasiyanitsa. mitundu yambiri ya nyama za mtundu umenewu awerengedwa. Urials ndifilimu zofiirira ndi wakuda chifuwa ndi khosi m'munsi. Amuna akuluakulu amakula mpaka 1,45 m kutalika ndi mita pafupifupi. Unyinji ukufika makilogalamu 85. Awa ndi wochepa, sinewy ndi nyama yaitali miyendo. Kukula kwa nyanga ndi ≈ 1 mita m'litali ndi mainchesi m'munsi mwa ≈ 30 cm.

Kuswana nkhosa ubweya

Ndi bwino kusankha nthumwi za Mitundu nkhosa pamaso tsitsi, monga izi zimathandiza kuti aone ubwino wa malaya ndi maonekedwe onse a nyama.Iwo ayenera kukhala ndi kukula kwa thupi lamphamvu, kusalaza miyendo ndi udder bwino-otukuka.

Kutengera ndi gulu la zopangidwazo, mawonekedwe ena amatha kusiyanitsidwa, malinga ndi momwe kusankha kwa nyama imodzi kapena kwina kumachitikira.

• Ubweya wabwino umadziwika ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa ubweya wa ubweya. matupi awo mafuta thupi bwino anayamba, ndipo inu mukhoza kuwunika mtundu wawo umembala ndi tsitsi zofewa, woyera ndi curvy. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zimakhala ndi zokutira pakhungu lalikulu, ndipo zikakhala ndi ubweya wabwino, zopangidwira kuti zizipeza ubweya wokha komanso nyama, zimatha kupindika pang'ono, kapena sizipezeka paliponse.
• Oyera okhazikika bwino amakhala ndi malaya ofanana, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana, kutalika kapena kutalika. Komanso Mitundu ya anawagawa chandelier ndi theka-luster (malinga ndi mlingo wa gloss a chovala).
• Tsitsi laku Coarse limasiyananso mtundu wamapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa mtundu wouma wokhala ndi ubweya wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo owonda nyama amadziwika ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso miyendo. Nthawi zambiri ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo ndi chida akhakula ndi wambirimbiri msana.

Ngakhale kuti nkhosa zimagwirizana bwino ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zosamalidwa, posankha anthu oti azikulima payekha, malingaliro ena ayenera kuwongoleredwa. Makamaka, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi malo ake osungira zipatso momwe zingathere. Kanema, muphunzira mmene nyama bwino mu nyengo yozizira.

Pomaliza

Nkhosa zam'mapiri zimaphatikizidwanso chifukwa ambiri amafuna kuyesa nyama yawo. Koma nthawi zambiri ndi nyanga zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndalama zambiri. Muyenera kumvetsa kuti tsiku lililonse chiwerengero cha Chipembere ukugwa. Mapeto ake, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti mitundu yonseyo ithe.

Mwachitsanzo, ma mouflons amadziwika ndi ulimi. Iwo anapereka nyama kwambiri ndipo wodzichepetsa chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, zikopa zimakhala zamtengo wapatali, makamaka zikafika ku ma mouflons aku Europe. Zambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakampani. Ndipotu ina chidwi n'chakuti nkhosa yam'tchire mosavuta mitanda ndi nkhosa kuŵetedwa, kuwongolera khalidwe lawo. Mwachitsanzo, mapiri a mapiri, omwe amaberengedwa ndi wophunzira Ivanov, amatha kudya msipu kwa chaka chonse. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri yatsopano ya nyamazi ikubwera. Izi mwina ndi zonse zimene ananena za phiri nkhosa ndi zizindikiro zawo.

Chikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha nkhosa yam'mapiri

Nthawi zambiri nkhosa zamtchire sizimachoka komwe zimakhalapo, koma malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka zimayenda pang'ono, zikukwera nthawi yotentha ndikupita kumapiri otsetsereka ndikupunthwa kukhala magulu a mitu yambiri.

Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, iwo kupita pansi pa phazi la mapiri, kupanga masango lalikulu kwa atsogoleri 1000. Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi ana awo nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana ndipo amapanga ng'ombe zazitali. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti amuna akulu, olimba, komanso olimba mtima amakhala okha.

Pokambirana, nyama satchula mokwiya kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pochenjeza achibale za ngoziyi, nkhosa yanzeru komanso yosamala imatha kupereka mawu omveka. Mafuta otulutsa magazi ndi osakhwima komanso otsika kamvekedwe.

Tikakumana ndi mdani, zolengedwa phiri amatha kusonyeza malingaliro othandiza kupeza njira yothetsera ndi nthawi kuthawa ngozi. Pamiyala yosayenda bwino, koma amatha kudumphadumpha kuchokera pathanthwe. Nkhosa zam'mapiri Amatha kutalika kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwake, ndipo m'litali amalumphira mamita 3-5.

Kuopseza nyama za m'mapiri kungakhale Mbalame zodya nyama: mphungu golide ndi mphungu, komanso nyama zikuluzikulu: cougars, akambuku chisanu ndi mimbulu, ndi mbali zina za dziko coyotes, cheetahs ndi akambuku.

Si zophweka kuti akunde phiri nkhosa, kotero ogwirira ambiri kuyesera kugogoda nyama kumapazi awo, ndi kuwachititsa kugwa kuphompho, kenako Amalandira ovulala kapena akufa ndi kudya.

Kuyambira kalekale, nkhosa yokhala kumapiri yakhala ngozi kwa nyama kusaka ma anemones am'nyanja kuti ichotse mafuta ndi nyama, ndikupanga zikho zazikulu ndi zokongola kuchokera ku nyanga zawo zokongola.

Chifukwa cha izi, komanso kufinya kwa mitundu ina ya nkhosa ndi kufalikira kwa kuweta ng'ombe, anthu am'mapiri nthawi zambiri adawonongeka.

Chiwerengero phiri nkhosa ndi chitukuko anthu anakumanapo ndi ku nthawi makedzana. Nyama izi, zomwe zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngwazi zamiyambo yakale.

Ndipo nyanga za nkhosa za anthu a ku Asia zimadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chamatsenga. ziweto mwangwiro mizu ndi mtundu wopanda mavuto, komanso mtanda ndi nkhosa, chifukwa chimene hybrids kuonekera.

Chiwerengero

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, chiwerengero cha nkhosa za kumapiri za Altai chinafika pa anthu 600. Pambuyo pake, chiwerengero chawo chinachepa kwambiri - kufika pa 245. Mwa njira zoteteza ndi kukhazikitsanso anthu achikulire kumalo otetezedwa, kuchuluka kwawo kudakwera mpaka anthu 320 kuphatikiza oyimira achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe kale.

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Iwo anayesera kawetedwe zinthu yokumba - kumalo osungira mu Germany ndi America, koma, mwatsoka, zoyesayesa analephera. Nthawi zambiri, nyamazo zimafa patangopita milungu yochepa. Kutalika kwake kunali nkhosa ya kumapiri yokha, yomwe idatengedwa ku Biological Institute of Russia - adakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mwachionekere, mtundu umenewu asungike okha zinthu zachilengedwe, kapenanso osachepera mu ofanana kwambiri.

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Kupulumutsanso nyamazo, komanso kuyesera mwamphamvu kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi Zoo ya Novosibirsk. Sisitereyi ndi yekhayo padziko lapansi pomwe aliyense angathe kuwona nkhosa za kumapiri a Altai. Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi nkhosa anali pano bwinobwino kupereka mbewu.

Ofufuza a Zoo apanga njira yakalimidwe ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mwanawankhosa. Monga gawo la ntchitoyi, mu Seputembara 2018, amuna anayi adatulutsidwa kumalo azachilengedwe, omwe adagawidwa padera mu ndege yapadera. chochitika inayenda bwino, ndipo nyama anapita kutchire. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ayenera kukumana ndi gulu lalikulu la nkhosa zakutchire lomwe limapezeka m'deralo.