Mirikins, ngati mbalame zambiri zodya usiku, amakhala m'malo obisika a mitengo, pamtunda wa 10 m kuchokera pansi. Masana, anyaniwa amagona momveka bwino, atagundana, ndipo usiku amayenda ndi nthambi zamitengo kukafuna zinthu zodziwika bwino. Ziphuphu zimadya zipatso, mtedza, masamba, tizilombo ndi mazira a mbalame.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zochita za nyama izi zimadalira potengera momwe mwezi umakhalira: mwezi utatha, opusa amakhala olemerapo komanso mafoni, pomwe mwezi watsopano umawathandiza kukhala osachita chidwi ndi aulesi.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Mirikin
Kutalika kwake, ma myricins sapitilira 37 cm.Mtunda wakale, mchira wautali komanso wopatsa chidwi. Kulemera kwa akazi ndi pafupifupi magalamu 600, ndipo amuna - oposa kilogalamu.
Mutu umakhala wocheperako, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono mmbali. Thupi la mbewa limakhala lotalika, yokutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa, womwe umakhala utoto wonyezimira, ndi kupukutira, mbali yakumunsi kwa khosi ndi m'mimba. Miyendo ndi yochepa, ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali.
Durukul-wanjira zitatu ndi nyani wosabereka.
Moyo wabanja ndi kubereka Mirikin
Zitsulo zamiyendo itatu zimatha kutchedwa kuti ziweto zabanja. Amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi makolo ndi makanda azaka zosiyanasiyana. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pazonsezi, a Myrikins sadziwika ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati kusungika kwa kukhulupirika muukwati, chifukwa chake, mabanja awo amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo moyo wawo wonse.
Kamodzi pachaka, pachakudya cha zipatso zambiri ndi masamba ambiri, zazikazi zimabereka ana. Amayi amadyetsa ana awo maola 4 kapena 4 aliwonse, kotero kuti mbewuyo imakula mwachangu ndikukula. Patsala nthawi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo khandalo silingasiyanitsidwe ndi makolo. Pazaka 40, zitsiru zazing'ono zimayamba kudya masamba.
Ana a Mirikin amakula msanga ndipo chaka chimodzi atabadwa, amuna amasiya makolo awo.
Papa Mirikins akugwira ntchito polera ana. Amasewera ndi anawo kangapo usiku, kuwanyamula kumbuyo kwawo ndikuphunzitsa nzeru za moyo. Amayi amakhala ochepa chifukwa chakuti nthawi ndi nthawi amadyetsa ana awo.
Kutha msambo mwa amuna kumayamba mchaka, mwa akazi awiri, koma sathamangira kubala mwana watsopano. Pafupifupi zaka zitatu, achinyamata amasiya makolo awo kuti apange banja lawo.
Mirikins amatha kudzuka masana kwa mphindi 10-15 kuti adyetse okha.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za Mirikins
Monga mukudziwira, usiku m'nkhalango amaphimba chilichonse ndi mdima, ndipo nthambi za mitengo sizimalola kuwala kwa mwezi kupita kumapazi, komabe, a Mirikins adasinthasintha magawo awo. Kuchoka m dzenje, anyani amabwerera m'mawa. Kodi amachita bwanji?
Mirikin ali ndi moyo wosangalatsa kwambiri.
Akutsuka mawondo awo ndi mkodzo, a Mirikins amadumphira pamitengo, ndikusiya zonunkhira zomwe zimabwerera kunyumba kwawo mwakachetechete. Njira, kumene, sikuti ndi ukhondo kwambiri, koma ogwira ntchito.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Mirikina
Mirikin kapena duroku-atatu-lur durukul (lat. Aotus trivirgatus) Ndi nyani wocheperako yemwe amakhala pakati pa South America. Chifukwa choti amakhala moyo wachisangalalo, kutuluka malo okhala masana mphindi 15 mpaka 20 dzuwa litalowa, ali ndi maso akulu kwambiri, okumbukira pang'ono za maso a kadzidzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mbalame zausiku zomwe zimadya nyama, a Mirikins amakhala m'maenje a mitengo yomwe ili 10 m pamwamba pa nthaka. Masana, iwo amagona momveka bwino, akumamatirana, ndipo usiku amayenda pamitengo posaka china chake: zipatso, mtedza, masamba, tizilombo ndi mazira a mbalame.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti zochitika zawo zimatengera nthawi yozungulira: mwezi wathunthu umadumphadumpha mosiyanasiyana, pomwe mwezi watsopano umawapangitsa kukhala osachita bwino komanso opanda chidwi. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti kuwunikira kwa usiku kumathandizanso kwa ife anthu. Sanazindikire?
Kutalika kwa thupi la myricin kumangokhala masentimita 24 mpaka 37. Mchirawo ndi wautali (kuchokera pa 30 mpaka 40 cm), koma osati wolimba. Kulemera kwa akazi ndi pafupifupi magalamu 600, koma amuna amatha kulemera kilogalamu yonse. Pamwamba pa thupi la mbewa imeneyi ndi khungu la bulauni, ndipo nkhope yake, yomwe ili kunsi kwa khosi ndi m'mimba ndizometa mopepuka. Mutu wake ndiung'ono komanso wozungulira. M'mphepete mwake muli makutu aang'ono omwewo. Thupi limakhala lokwera, lophimbidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi lofewa. Miyendo ndi yochepa, miyendo yakumbuyo imakwezeka.
Zitsamba zamiyendo itatu zimakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi makolo ndi ana awo azaka zosiyana. Ndizachidziwikire kuti a Mirikins samasungabe kukhulupirika muukwati, chifukwa chake magulu awa amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo moyo wawo wonse.
Akazi amabereka ana amphongo kamodzi kokha pachaka, ndipo kubadwa kwawo nthawi zonse kumakhudzidwa ndi chipatso cha zipatso ndi masamba ambiri. Amayi amadyetsa mwana pafupipafupi maola atatu ndi atatu, kotero amakula mwachangu ndikulemera. Posakhalitsa, anali atasiyana kwambiri ndi makolo ake. Ali ndi zaka 40, chitsiru chaching'ono chimayesa masamba ake oyamba.
Nthawi zambiri, abambo amatenga kuleredwa kwa mwana wawo - amasewera naye kangapo usiku, kuvala kumsana kwake ndikuphunzitsa nzeru za moyo. Amayi ndi okhawo omwe amadyetsa khandalo, kupatsa otsalawo kwa anzawo.
Kutha msambo mwa amuna kumachitika mchaka chimodzi, ndipo mwa akazi awiri, ngakhale kuti sakubereka msanga kubereka mpaka zaka zitatu. Pazaka zofanana, achinyamata amasiya gulu la makolo kuti lipangike lawo.
Monga mukudziwa, sikuwala kwambiri kuthengo usiku, komabe, a Mirikins ali ndi malo oyenda pansi, akuyenda kutali ndi mayenje awo mpaka mtunda wamakilomita ndikubwerera m'mawa. Kodi amachita bwanji? Mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasiya pamitengoyi: amasambitsa mapazi awo ndi kuwoneratu mkodzo ndikupita modekha komwe afunikira. Ndipo pamabatani awa pezani njira yobwererera. Osati zaukhondo kwambiri, koma ogwira ntchito.
Zowona, amphaka amtchire omwe amawasaka amapezekanso ndi zilembo zofanana za Mirikin. Kuphatikiza pa zilombo zolusa, kadzidzi ndi mitundu ina ya njoka amadziwika kuti ndi adani aopusa. Mwambiri, amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta - chiyembekezo chawo chokhala kutchire ndi zaka 10 zokha, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kuposa pamenepo.
Mawonekedwe
Anyani amtundu wa usiku ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono. Zimafikira masentimita 24 mpaka 37, kuphatikiza mchira wa kutalika kwa 31 mpaka 40. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 1.2 kg. Mosiyana ndi anyani ambiri a New World, pansi pake pali ofanana kukula ndipo sasiyananso mtundu wamalaya. Chovala chofanizira cha anyani am'mawa ndi chofewa komanso chowonda, ndipo mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mapiri motalika. Imapakidwa kumbuyo ndi kunja kwa miyendo ndikuwoneka wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wakuda, komanso pamimba ndi mkati mwamiyendo - wachikasu-bulauni kapena bulauni. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kumatha kupakidwa utoto kapena utoto, izi zimathandizira kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamitundu. Mchirawo ndi wautali komanso wosalala, nsonga yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda. Mosiyana ndi anyani ena a New World, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atole. Miyendo yayitali imasinthidwa kuti iziyenda pang'ono, pa chala chachinayi ili ndi msomali wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Chala chake chimatsutsana ndi zina zonse pang'ono.
Mutu ndi wozungulira, makutu ndi ang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amabisidwa mu tsitsi. Msuzi wammphuno ndi wocheperako kuposa wa anyani ena a New World [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1202 ]. Maso athu ali akulu modabwitsa, maso ndi akulu komanso abulauni. Mosiyana ndi anyani akale, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito usiku, maso a anyaniwa satha kuona tapetum. M'malo mwake, retina yake imakhala ndi zokukhira ndi ma cones. Pazifukwa izi, ntchito zausiku sizoyambira, koma chachiwiri zomwe zili ndi nyama. Popeza ali ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe amtundu wawo ndi ochepa. Pali minda yoyera pamwamba komanso pansi pa maso ndipo nthawi zina pamonso pakamwa. Mikwingwirima itatu yakuda itayandikira kumaso, umodzi pamphumi - pomwe ungathe kukulitsidwa ndi njira yopyimira - mpaka mphuno, motero, umodzi kuchokera kunja pafupi ndi diso lililonse.
Mitundu ya mano a anyani ammawa imawoneka ngati 2 2 C 1 1 P 3 3 M 3 3 ststyle I <2 over 2> C <1 over 1> P <3 over 3> M <3 over 3 >> Pazonse, ali ndi mano 36. Zing'onoting'ono zapakatikati ndizokulirapo, mano oteteza pambuyo pake, ndizocheperako. Pansi pa chibwano, amakhala ndi gawo la pakhosi, lomwe limathandizira kuwonjezera mawu omwe amapangidwa.
Kufalitsa
Anyani amtundu wausiku amakhala kum'mwera kwa Central America komanso ku South America. Mitundu yawo imachokera ku Panama kumpoto kudzera ku Colombia - komwe kuli mitundu yayikulu, yosaphunzitsidwa bwino - kudzera ku Brazil ndi Peru mpaka Bolivia, Paraguay ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina kumwera. Komabe, sapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa kwa South America. Malo okhala nyamazi ndi nkhalango, ndipo zimapezeka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo. Amatha kuwoneka m'malo obiriwira mvula komanso m'nkhalango zowuma zomwe masamba ake amagwa. M'mapiri, amapezeka pamalo okwera mpaka 3200 m.
Nthawi zochitira komanso kuyenda
Anyaniwa ndi usiku. Komabe, sakonda kutalika kwa mitengo ndipo amatha kupezeka m'malo onse okwezeka. Mu korona, nthawi zambiri amasuntha miyendo yonse inayi, koma amathanso kudumpha bwino. Nyani zambiri zosowa usiku zimagwira usiku, ndipo kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa mtunduwu kumakhala moyo wopanda phokoso la masana ndi usiku.
Panthawi yopuma, anyani am'madzi amadzichotsera m'maenje kapena munkhokwe zowirira. Pafupifupi mphindi 15 dzuwa litalowa, amatuluka m'mabedi awo ndipo amagwira ntchito mpaka pakati pausiku. Pambuyo pake, amapumulanso kwa ola limodzi ndi theka mpaka awiri, asanayambenso kufunafuna chakudya. Dzuwa lisanatuluke, amapumulanso kumalo awo opumulira. Amadalira kuwala kwa mwezi, ndipo usiku wamdima kwambiri wokhala mwezi watsopano zochita zawo zimakhala zochepa. Paulendo wausiku, anyaniwa amatha kuchotsedwa mpaka 800 m, komabe, zimatengera nyengo ndi kuwala. Munthawi yachilala, njira zimafupikika (pafupifupi 250 m), zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zipatso zambiri. Kutuluka pausiku kowala kuli pafupifupi utali wawiri kuposa wamdima. Usiku wakuda, nyani amatsata njira zomwe adalembapo kale - podumphadumpha pakatikati pawo kapena mwa kubisala kwa chinyezi m'munsi mwa mchira.
Maubwenzi ndi Kulankhulana
Anyani amtundu wausiku amakhala m'magulu a nyama ziwiri kapena zisanu. Amakhala ndi ana amuna, akazi ndi ana wamba. Pachikhalidwe chawo, asayansi adatsata mfundo yoti amuna ndi akazi amakhala moyo wotsutsana. Komabe, mwa mitundu imodzi imodzi. Aotus azarae, machitidwe achikhalidwe amawoneka osinthika kwambiri komanso amathandizidwa ndi kusintha pafupipafupi kwa mnzake. Pakati pagulu, machitidwe achipolowe samapezeka. Mamembala a gululi nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala oyandikana wina ndi mnzake ndipo samasunthira kwina kupitirira mamita 10. Amagonananso pamodzi. Mosiyana ndi anyani ena okhala m'mabanja, kudzikongoletsa kumakhala kochepa.
Nyani amphaka ndi nyama zakutchire; gulu la mabanja limatenga 3 mpaka 10 ha. Madera akudziteteza ku magulu achilendo. Ngati magulu awiri akumana, mwachitsanzo, pamtengo wobala zipatso pafupi ndi malire a masanjidwewo, pamabwera mawu ofuula, kuwombera miyendo ndi miyendo yotambasuka, chizunzo komanso kulimbana. Zisokonezozi zimatha pafupifupi mphindi 10, pambuyo pake palibe gulu lomwe limapambana, ndipo onse amapuma. Pamodzi ndi kufuula, mawu akuchenjeza amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza malowa, omwe akuwonetsa magwero amagetsi. Zina mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikwangwani zofanana ndi kulira kwa kadzidzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anyani usiku. Izi zimayitanitsa mwina kukopa mnzawo ndipo kwa iwo nyamazo zimakhalanso ndi dzina lachi Ngerezi nyani nyani (= nyani owl).
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Anyaniwa ausiku amadya kwambiri zipatso, amaziphatikiza ndi mbewu zina ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amakonda zipatso zazing'ono, kucha ndipo amathanso kuyendera mitengo ikuluikulu yazipatso, popewa mpikisano ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe imagwira ntchito masana. Gawo la zipatso m'zakudya za nyama m'malo otentha ndizapamwamba kuposa nyama zam'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Amadya - makamaka nthawi yamvula, pomwe kupezeka kwa zipatso kumakhala kochepa - komanso masamba, maluwa, ndi magawo ena a mbewu. Kusaka nyama zazing'ono kumachitika makamaka madzulo. Anyani amtundu wausiku amagwira mwaluso tizilombo touluka mumlengalenga kapena pogwirira panthambi. Pa nyama yomwe ikudya nyama imaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, orthoptera, moths, kafadala ndi akangaude.
Kulera ndi kulera ana
Zochepa ndizodziwika pakubala kwa anyani amphongo, pafupifupi zotsatira zonse za kafukufukuyu zimachokera ku nyama zomwe zili muukapolo ndipo mwina, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyama zakuthengo. Muukapolo, kubadwa kumatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Nyama zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa Argentina, zomwe zimasinthasintha nyengo nyengo yayitali, zimakhala ndi nthawi yolimba, ndipo kubadwa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mvula pakati pa Seputembala ndi Novembala. Sizikudziwika ngati kubereka kumakhala kwamtundu uliwonse kapena ngati kumatha kuchitika zachilengedwe m'malo otentha kwa chaka chathunthu. Anyani amphongo amtundu wa umuna amatulutsa umuna wocheperako, womwe umatha kusintha moyo wawo wongoyerekeza. Popeza amatha kubereka kamodzi kokha pachaka ndipo ali ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha, kupanga ukala wowonjezera kumakhala kuwononga mphamvu.