Nyama zochititsa chidwi zimakhala ku Kalahiri - meerkat, zimakhala pamfundo ya "imodzi kwa onse ndi yonse kwa imodzi."

Meerkat ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa mongoose, ali ndi miyendo yochepa, thupi loonda komanso malaya ataliitali osinthika ndi kukumba.

Nyama zimenezi amakhala madera angapo kwa anthu 40-50. Gululi lili ndi malo olimbirana. Mu meerkat, wamkazi wamkulu ndi - aliyense amamvera. Njuchi tichipeza ana ndi nyama wamkulu anavomereza kuti pamudzipo.

Kufotokozera ndi moyo

Maziko a zakudya za meerkat ndi tizilombo komanso tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, ndipo kuti muwapeze m'chipululu, muyenera kukumba mumchenga, koma mphuno yanu itayikidwa pansi, simudzazindikira kuopsa kwake, ndipo mudzakhala mwayi kwa wogwirira.

Pofuna kudziteteza, meerkats apanga dongosolo kwambiri ogwira anaziika. Mmodzi mwa mamembala a gululi amagwira ntchito yolondera, pomwe ena onse akungodzifunira chakudya, amawonera zomwe zikuchitika m'bomalo. Olondera nthawi zonse amapanga mawu apadera, opanda phokoso - amatanthauza kuti zonse zili chete, komanso mokuwa - akuwonetsa njira yowopsa.

Alonda akusowa mwachidule zabwino, chifukwa cha ichi meerkat akwerera mtengo, kumene wakonza kuonerera wake positi. Meerkat ali ndi masomphenya akuthwa, amatha kuwona mbalame yam'madzi ikaoneka ngati yaying'ono pamlengalenga.

Ngati meerkat alonda afunika kupumula, ndiye kuti amasayina izi ndipo nthawi yomweyo alonda wina.

Pa tsiku la Kalahari chipululu ndi mosaneneka otentha, kutentha dzuwa malire + 70 ° C, choncho meerkats kupuma masana, ndi chakudya m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene zatha kutentha.

Meerkat ndi nyama zolusa, koma sizisaka, ngati mikango, koma zimapeza chakudya pansi pa mphuno zawo. Meerkat ali ndi fungo lochepa modabwitsa, amatha kununkhira nyama pansi pamtambo wakuda ndikuyimba. Only m'mawa kosangalatsa meerkat wina umazifukulamo ku maenje 400, pamene kulemera kwa anakumba mchenga ndi iye kuposa wake ndi nthawi 50.

Meerkat amadya chilichonse chomwe adakumana nacho, koma makamaka tizilombo, komabe, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi chinkhanira. Chopweteka chimawoneka chowopsa, mbola yake ndiowopsa, koma kwa meerkats ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Choyamba, meerkats ndi mphezi anachita, ndipo kachiwiri, iwo anayamba asanazolowere chinkhanira njoka, ndipo ngati izo zitero, izo kumakhala kovuta, koma osati oopsa kwa meerkat lapansi.

Meerkat amakumba mabowo akuya osafunafuna chakudya, amakonzekeranso mabowo omwe mungathe kupulumutsa moyo wanu pothawa nyama yolusa.

Meerkat ndi nyama zoyenda mwadongosolo, ndipo amafika mofatsa pankhani yosamalira ndi kulera ana. Ana amene ali masiku ochepa omwe amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri, maso awo atangomwalira adatseguka, ndipo sangathe kuyenda, wamkulu meerkats musatisiye iwo zosasamaliridwa kwa miniti.

Ana ali ndi othandizira, ntchito yake ndikuwonetsetsa pang'ono, kuwatchinjiriza, ndipo ngati pachitika ngozi, apatseni alamu munthawi yake. Ndiudindo waupangiri kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi maluso a kusaka. The awathandize bwinobwino zikusonyeza ana angachite kuti athane ndi nyama kuti n'chongoletsa Mwachitsanzo, chinkhanira, ndiwo amakonda meerkat mbale.

M'malo a meerkat, aliyense ayenera kugwira ntchito ina: kukumba, kusamala, kapena kusamalira ana. Apa aliyense amagwira ntchito limodzi komanso mogwirizana.

Kufotokozera za Meerkats

Meerkat - mmodzi mwa oimira ochepa kwambiri a mongoose. Nyama zobowoleza zimakhala m'midzi, zomwe siziposa 30 anthu. kulankhulana awo imene'yi anayamba - malinga ndi asayansi, mu "chinenero Meerkat" pali osachepera 10 osiyana phokoso osakaniza.

Onani ndi mamuna

Meerkats ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zosangalatsa modabwitsa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamwetulira. Anthu aku Africa ali ndi zikhulupiriro ziwiri zogwirizana ndi meerkat. Malinga ndi imodzi mwa izo, nyamazo zimatchedwa angelo akumwamba. Osati kokha chifukwa amakonda kulowera dzuwa la Africa. Amakhulupirira kuti amateteza malo okhala ndi ng'ombe kwa anthu omwe amakhala mwezi, zomwe zimasautsa anthu ndi nyama (ziwanda za mwezi mwina ndi mileme). Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba, meerkat amachotsa m'derali ndi zinkhanira ngakhale njoka zapoizoni, zomwe zimadyedwa. Meerkat amalekeredwa mosavuta, ndipo nthawi zina anthu wamba amayamba nyumba zawo kuteteza nyumba zawo kuzinyama zapoizoni.

Malinga ndi nthano ina, mizimu ya akufa imasamukira ku meerkat, chifukwa chake nyama izi zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu. Nyama yoyendera ikhoza kuyimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo kuchokera kutali gulu la nyama lomwe likuwonetsetsa phokoso la m'chipululu likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anyamata otupa. Chifukwa cha ichi nthawi zina amatchedwa "anthu" ochepa. Ndipo chifukwa chokhala tcheru ndi banja la meerkat, adalandira dzina lina lachikondi: "sendinel desert."

Kugawa ndi malo okhala

Meerkats moyo mu louma ndi m'chipululu malo a South Africa, kumadzulo kwa Nyanja Chad, kumpoto kwa mtsinje. Orange, kuphatikizapo Chipululu cha Kalahari. Nyama izi zimapewa nkhalango ndi m'nkhwawa zowirira. Iwo amakonda nthaka mchenga, amene kwambiri ndi nthambi kamakumba una ali nakumba - mizinda yonse chapansi nthawizina mamita 2 mwakuya mu kuya. Nthawi zina mereki amagwiritsa ntchito matumba osiyidwa a agologolo a ku Africa. Ziwetozo zikakhazikika kumapiri, ndiye kuti matako amiyala ndimakhala pothawirapo.

Maonekedwe ndi morphology

Zinyama zazing'ono zabwino, zazing'ono kwambiri mu mongoose wam'madzi ochepa: kutalika kwawo ndi 50-60 cm, kutalika pafupifupi theka kumagwera mchira, ndipo kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu makamaka kumafika 1 kg. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kuchokera mongooses ena, meerkat amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yayitali, manja opindika anayi, mchira wolimba, wokutidwa mofanananira kutalika konse ndi tsitsi lozungulira komanso kusapezeka kwa dzino loyambira lamizu. Miyendo ya nyama iyi ndi mawonekedwe kwambiri: ali ndi mikono yayitali komanso yolimba, yomwe, makamaka pamiyendo yakutsogolo, imakwanitsa kutukuka kotero kuti palibe membala wina wabanja. Mothandizidwa ndi zibwano zamphamvuzi, meerkat imakumba mosavuta malo okuya, ndikupeza chakudya ndikupangira nyumbayo.

Meerkat ubweya ndi m'malo coarse, mtundu ndi kum'chitira chikasu, ndi maziko awa kumbuyo mmbuyo ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kuti likukulira mikwingwirima khumi mdima amene alibe maphunziro bwino. Pa miyendo, tsitsi limakhala lopepuka, pamimba ndi pachifuwa ndizosowa, silika, milomo, chibwano ndi masaya zimakhala zoyera, kupindika kwa muzzle, kumanzere kuzungulira maso, makutu ndi nsonga ya mchirawo ndi zakuda. Maso okhala ndi mwana wamkulu wozungulira komanso iris wa bulauni.

Meerkat ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, ndikofunikira kufunafuna tizilombo tomwe timakumba mumchenga mpaka pansi kwambiri, makamaka panthawi yamvula. Ma vibrissae aatali kumaso amawathandiza kuyenda mumizere yakuda yamabowo.

Nyamazo zimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitha kuwona zilombo zazitali kutali. Masekondi akuda kuzungulira maso amatenga ma ultraviolet owonjezera, kotero kuti meerkat amatha kuyang'ana pafupifupi dzuwa. Ali ndi eyelid yachitatu yolimba, yomwe imateteza maso ndi mchenga.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Meerkat (kuchokera ku Latin Suricata suricatta) kapena myrrhcat wachikatikati ndi chinyama chachilengedwe chapakati kwambiri kuchokera pamibadwo yazakale ya banja lachi mongoose.

Ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwa nyama kuchokera kubanja lonse la mongoose, omwe ali ndi mitundu 35. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikamafikira masentimita 35, ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 750. Mchira wa utoto wofiira ndi nsonga yakuda ndiwotalika kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka 20-25 cm.

Mutu umakhala wocheperako ndi makutu ozungulirazungulira omwe akuwonekera pa korona wakuda, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale wakuda. Mitsempha yamaso imakhalanso ndi mtundu wakuda pokhudzana ndi thupi lonse, lofanana ndi magalasi, omwe amapanga meerkat zoseketsa.

Mtundu wa tsitsi lalitali zofewa pamtembo wa nyama yodya tsikuli ndi wofiyira, nthawi zina pafupi ndi lalanje. Ili ndi miyendo inayi yakutsogolo, miyendo yakutsogolo ndi zibwano zazitali. Monga ma mongooses onse, meerkat amatha kubisa chinsinsi chakanunkhira chomwe chimachokera ku tiziwalo ta inguinal.

Asayansi agawa nyamazi m'magulu atatu:

• Suricata suricatta suricatta
• Suricata suricatta marjoriae
• Suricata suricatta iona

Habitat nyama zamagulu yogawidwa ku kontinenti ya Africa kumwera kwa equator. Amakhala malo otentha komanso owuma kumapululu komanso madera oyandikana nawo.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Meerkat ndi nyama zomwe zimadya, usiku amabisala m'maenje okumbika. Kamakumba una, nthawi zambiri, akumba okha, ndiponso kuya kwa burrow ali nthawizonse mamita chimodzi ndi theka. Zomwe zilipo kale sizitanganidwa kwambiri, kuzikonzera zokha.

M'miyala yamapiri kapena yamapiri amakhala m'miyala ndi m'mapanga. Nyama zimenezi nthawi tsiku kufunafuna chakudya, kukumba atsopano kapena kukonza mabowo wachikulire kapena basking monga dzuwa, zomwe amakonda kuchita.

Meerkat ndi nyama zachikhalidwe, nthawi zonse zimayendayenda m'magulu, kuchuluka kwa anthu 25-30, ndipo panali magulu akuluakulu, momwe panali nyama zazikazi 60.

Mwambiri, mwachilengedwe, sizachilendo kuti nyama zolusa zizikhala ndi moyo wachikoloni, mwina, kupatula zochitika zam'masiku ochepa, kotero mikango yokha yomwe ili ndi mabungwe omwe amapanga nawo ma price amatha kudzitamandira m'miyoyo yawo. Mu njuchi meerkat pali nthawi mtsogoleri, ndipo, ndithu chochititsa chidwi, mtsogoleri nthawi zonse wamkazi, kotero matriarchy Akusonkhezera nyama.

Izi zimakonda kusaka m'magulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimagawana chilichonse kwa aliyense. Mamembala ena pagulupo atayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo posaka nyama, ziyenera kudziwika kuti meerkat akhoza kukhala pamalo oyang'anira kwakanthawi, pomwe ena amagwira nyama, yomwe yoyamba ikulankhula kudzera mu kulira kwa mawu.

Ngakhale kuti meerkats ndi zilombo zolusa, amakhala ndi kukasaka ku fuko lalikulu.

Pokhala ndi thupi lalitali, pamalo olondera, nyama izi zimawoneka zoseketsa kwambiri zitaimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndi yakutsogolo, ikutsika. Kwambiri, ojambula amayesa kujambula chithunzichi kuti awombere kwambiri.

Komanso, meerkats ndi nyama wachikondi amasamala osati ana awo, komanso ana a mabanja ena okhala nawo kumudzi. Munthawi yozizira, mutha kuwona gulu la meerkat, lomwe limasunthira limodzi kuti lizitenthetsa ndi matupi awo, izi zimatha kuwonekera mosavuta pazambiri chithunzi cha meerkats.

The meerkat banja zambiri ali nawo mauna angapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amasintha iwo pamene ngozi wakudza kapena pamene banja lina zikukhazikitsa pafupi. Nthawi zina mizere yakale imasiyidwa chifukwa chakuti majeremusi amabalira mwa nthawi.

Meerkat, monga ma mongooses onse, ndi odziwika kwa osaka njoka, kuphatikizapo oopsa. Iwo molakwika ankakhulupirira kuti nyama zimenezi chitetezo ku ululu wa njoka. Ngati njoka, monga njoka, iluma meerkat, ikafa, nyama zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimakhala zosowa kwambiri zokwawa zokwawa kuchita izi.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutchuka kwa zoseweretsa zazing'ono zoseketsa kwakhala kotero kuti mu 2012, sinema ya ku Australia idatulutsa zolemba zisanu ndi chimodzi meerkats za lotchedwa "Meerkats." Moyo wawukulu wa zolengedwa zazing'ono ”(dzina loyambirira" Kalahari Meerkats ").

M'mayiko ena, Opanga filimuyi ndi asayansi komanso si utsalira ndi Australia, choncho kwambiri mavidiyo zinapanga nyama akadaphedwa mu dziko.

Chakudya cha Meerkat

Zakudya za meerkat sizachuma kwambiri, chifukwa ochepa mwa nyama zam'madzi amakhala m'malo awo. Iwo makamaka kudya tizilombo zosiyanasiyana, awo mphutsi, mazira mbalame, akangaude, zinkhanira, abuluzi ndi njoka.

Kulowa mu nkhondowo ndi chinkhanira, meerkat poyamba amaluma mchira wake, womwe uli ndi poyizoni, kenako amadzipha ndi chinkhanira, potero amadziteteza ku poizoni.

Izi zimayang'ana chakudyacho pafupi ndi mabowo awo, ndiko kuti, kaulendo kakusaka zakudya sikamapitilira gawo limodzi la makilomita awiri kapena atatu. Popeza malo a meerkats mu nyengo louma, iwo alibe amadwala kupanda madzi konse, ali okwanira mu zikuchokera chakudya nyama imene ntchito chakudya.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kukonzekera umuna mu meerkat achikazi kumatheka ndi chaka cha moyo. Alibe nyengo yanthawi yokhala ndi pakati, nyamazi zimabereka chaka chonse. Mu chaka, mkazi akhoza kubereka atatu ana anayi.

Mimba mwa mkazi imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake zimatuluka nyama zazing'ono zakhungu. Makanda ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono amangobwera 25-25 gramu. chiwerengero cha ana mu zinyalala kawirikawiri 4-5, kupatula zambiri 7 nyama amabadwa.

Masabata awiri atabadwa, ana amayamba kutsegula maso awo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kudzidalira. Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya moyo wawo, amakhala akuyamwitsa ndipo pambuyo pake amayamba kuyesa kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komwe timayamba kubweretsedwa ndi makolo kapena akulu ena a mabanja awo (abale ndi alongo).

Chochititsa chidwi! mtsogoleri wina wamkazi yekha akhoza kubweretsa ana m'banja, ngati akazi ena mimba ndi kubweretsa ana, ndiye wamphamvu wamkazi amatulutsa iwo banja lake ndipo n'chifukwa kumanga zawo.

M'tchire, nyama zamtchire zimakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Nyama zikuluzikulu, makamaka mbalame, zomwe nyama yaying'onoyi ndi yodyera, zimathandiza kwambiri anthu okhala ndi meerkat. Kumalo osungira ndi zopangira zopangidwa kunyumba khalani nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 10-12.

Mmodzi zikhulupiriro za anthu African limanena kuti meerkats kuteteza anthu ndi ziweto zina mwezi werewolves-werewolves, kotero am'deralo ndi meerkats kwambiri zosangalatsa zomera panyumba.

Ngakhale nyama zoyamwitsa izi ndi nyama zolusa, zimazolowera mwachangu kwa anthu komanso momwe zimakhalira pakudya ndi kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazi zimabweretsa zabwino zenizeni kwa anthu, zimayeretsa gawo la nyumba yawo komanso malo awo kuti alimidwe kuchokera ku zinkhanira ndi njoka zapoizoni.

Choncho, akugula meerkat mu Africa sikovuta, wogulitsa aliyense cinyama kupereka anthu khumi zoti tisankhepo. Nthawi zambiri eni malo osungira nyama, kuphatikizapo dziko lathu. Izi zili choncho mtengo wa meerkat ndithu zonyozeka chifukwa chakuti iwo alibe ubweya wapatali ndi simudzathedwa ndi anthu.

Moyo

Meerkat ndi nyama zokhazikitsidwa bwino zomwe zimaphatikizana madera (Damans, mileme, akalulu ndi ena makoswe kutsogolera njira ya moyo, koma ili ndi vuto pakati ogwirira). Madera a Meerkat amaphatikiza mabanja awiri kapena atatu, koma anthu 20-30 (mbiri ya anthu 63). Magulu a mabanja amakhala ndi udani pakati pawo magawo, ndipo nkhondo zimakonda kukhala m'malire awo, nthawi zambiri zimatha osakhumudwitsa kamodzi. Magwero ena otchuka sayansi kuzindikira nyama laling'ono monga mmodzi wa kukhetsa mwazi kwambiri: malinga ndi kafukufuku wawo, mpaka wachisanu mu kapangidwe ka imfa ya nyama amagwira ntchito zotsatira za ndewu wina ndi mnzake.

Gulu lililonse la mabanja limakhala ndi nyama ziwiri ndi ana awo. Matriarchy amalamulira mu gulu la meerkat; wamkazi amatha kukhala wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna kukula kwake ndikulamulira. Meerkats zambiri amalankhulana, phokoso chiwerengero chawo zikuphatikizapo osachepera makumi awiri kuti ma twente-faifi phokoso.

Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi meerkat nthawi zambiri zimatsata njira yofananira: m'mawa kwambiri nyama zimadzuka, kuyeretsa khomo kuchokera kumchenga, kupita kukasaka chakudya, kupumula mumthunzi panthawi yotentha kwambiri, kenako mubwerere kukafunafuna chakudya ndikubwerera kudzenje pafupifupi ola limodzi kulowa kwa dzuwa.

Pomwe anthu ena akung'ung'udza pansi, ena amayang'ana uku ndi uku pofuna kuwopsa, chifukwa cha ichi amatha kukwera mitengo.

Kuchotsera burashi kupita kumzinga kumachitika pazifukwa ziwiri: kukhala nthawi yayitali mu burashi wakale, komwe kudapangitsa kuti tiziromboti tikhazikike m'ngolo, kapena kufikira banja lampikisanalo kuti lipangire. Kusamutsidwa nthawi zambiri kumayamba m'mawa kukafunafuna chakudya. Atafika pamalowo, banjali limayamba kuyeretsa mabowo onse obowo.

Ziweto

Meerkat amachepetsa. Amakonda kwambiri kuzizira. Ku South Africa, meerkat amasungidwa kunyumba kwa makoswe ndi njoka. Meerkat nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi ma mongooses achikasu (Cynictis), omwe amakhala nawo pafupipafupi. Ma mangooses achikasu satetemera ndipo palibe ziweto zomwe zimatuluka mwa iwo.

Makina angati omwe amakhala

Kuthengo, kutalika kwa moyo wa meerkat sikawonjeza kupitilira zaka 6-8. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 4-5. Nyama zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukwera kwawo kwapamwamba. Ali mu ukapolo - malo osungira nyama, okhala ndi kukonza nyumba - meerkat amatha kukhala ndi zaka 10-12. Imfa mu vivo ndi yokwera kwambiri - 80% mwa achinyamata komanso pafupifupi 30% mwa akuluakulu. Chomwe chimagona nthawi zambiri ndimakanda achikazi amakanda agalu a akazi ena.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Meerkats monga mtundu wa banja la mongoose, dongosolo ndiwotsala, suborder ndi mphaka. Meerkat sakhala ofanana kwenikweni ndi amphaka, mawonekedwe awo amthupi ndiosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zizolowezi zawo ndi moyo wawo ndizosiyana kotheratu. Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri opanga chisinthiko amati mzere woyamba udalipo pakati pa nyengo ya Eocene pafupifupi zaka miliyoni 42, "kholo wamba" la gulu lonselo mu paleontology silinadziwebe. Koma mbali inayi, mitundu yachilendo ya meerkats inapezeka, chifukwa chomwe panali lingaliro kuti nyamazo zinachokera ku mongoose wamizeremizere yemwe amakhala kumwera kwa Africa.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Meerkat

Meerkat - nyama yaying'ono, magalamu 700-1000 okha polemera. Wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mphaka. Thupi limakhala lokwera, pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 35 ndi mutu. Masentimita ena 20-25 amatenga mchira wa nyama. Amakhala ndi yopyapyala, ngati khoswe, wakhazikika kumapeto. Meerkat amagwiritsa ntchito michira yawo ngati balanc. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zikaima kumbuyo ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kapena pomwe zimabweza njoka. Panthawi yolimbana ndi njokayo, nyama imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mchira ngati nyambo ndi chandama chabodza.

Ndikosavuta kuyeza kutalika kwa thupi la meerkat pomwe akuwona china chake, atayimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Meerkat amatenga izi nthawi zambiri. Pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse akufuna kuyang'ana mtunda. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutalika kokwanira kotero kuti mbali yoyang'ana imapereka malingaliro momwe angathere. Chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimasinthana ndi nyamazo kuti ziwone nyama zomwe zimadyera kutali ndi komwe zimachokera.

Akazi ali ndi nsonga zisanu ndi chimodzi pamimba zawo. Amatha kudyetsa ana pachilichonse, ngakhale kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa abambo ndipo amatengedwa ngati apamwamba. Ma Meerkat paws amakhala afupikitsa, oonda, owuma komanso amphamvu kwambiri. Zala zazitali ndizitali. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, meerkat amatha kufukula pansi, kukumba mabowo, kusunthira mwachangu.

Phokoso laling'ono ndi laling'ono, laling'ono m'dera la makutu ndipo laling'ono kwambiri mpaka mphuno. Makutu ali m'mphepete, m'malo otsika, yaying'ono pozungulira. Mphuno ndi feline kapena canine, lakuda. Meerkat ali ndi mano 36 mkamwa mwawo, 3 a iwo ndi incisors kumanja ndi kumanzere, pamwambapa ndi pansi, canine imodzi, 3 pre-muzu incisors ndi ma molars awiri owona. Nyama imatha kudula chivundikiro chowirira cha tizilombo tokhala ndi nyama zolimba.

Thupi lonse lanyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya, kuyambira kumbali yakumbuyo limakhala lakuda komanso lakuda, kuyambira kumbali yam'mimba nthawi zambiri, lalifupi komanso lopepuka. Utoto umasiyana kuchokera kufiira owoneka bwino kapenanso masikasu achikasu mpaka timaso tofiirira. Ma meyketa onse ali ndi mikwaso yakuda pa chovalacho. Amapangidwa ndi nsonga zakuda zakuda zomwe zimakhala pafupi. Nkhope komanso pamimba ya nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka, ndipo makutu ake ndi zakuda. Ku nsonga ya mchira nawonso kupakidwa wakuda. Ubweya umawonjezera voliyumu kwa nyama yakhanda. Popanda iye, ma mechalo akanamawoneka ochepa thupi komanso ochepa.

Chochititsa chidwi: Meerkat alibe chovala chamimba pamimba pake. Pamenepo, nyamayo imangokhala ndi undercoat yofewa.

Kodi meerkat amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Live Meerkat

Meerkat amapezeka makamaka kumwera kwa Africa.

Zitha kupezeka m'maiko monga:

Nyamazi amazisintha kuti zizikhala nyengo yotentha, yolekerera mkuntho. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'madambo komanso zipululu. Mwachitsanzo, meerkat amapezeka ambiri m'malo a chipululu cha Namib komanso chipululu cha Kalahari.

Ngakhale amatha kutchedwa Hardy, koma ma mekitala sanakonzekere konse kuzimitsa pang'ono, ndipo sangathe kulekerera kutentha pang'ono. Izi ndizofunikira kukumbukira kwa mafani kuti apeze nyama yosowa kunyumba. Ku Russia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mosamala kutentha kwa nyumba ndikuchotsa zolemba kuti zikhale ndi thanzi la nyama.

Meerkat amakonda dothi louma, lochulukirapo kapena locheperako, kuti athe kukumba pogona. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolowera ndikulowera ndipo imalola nyamayo kubisala kwa adani khomo limodzi, pomwe nyamayo ikangotsika malowa, meerkat imathawa kutuluka kwina. Komanso nyama zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo a anthu ena, zokumbidwa ndi nyama zina ndikusiyidwa. Kapena mungobisala mu ma dothi achilengedwe.

Ngati malowa ndi olamulidwa ndi miyala, mapiri, malo otsetsereka, ndiye kuti ma mekitala amagwiritsa ntchito mapanga ndi ma novu chifukwa chofanizira.

Kodi meerkat amadya chiyani?

Meerkat amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo. Amadziwika kuti osatetezeka. Nthawi zambiri, samapita kutali ndi malo awo okhala, koma amapendekera pafupi ndi nthaka, m'mizu, kutembenuza miyala kenako nkuzifunira chakudya. Koma alibe zakudya zomwe amakonda, motero ali ndi mitundu yambiri.

Meerkat amapeza michere kuchokera:

• tizilombo
• akangaude
• milili
• zinkhanira
• njoka
• abuluzi
• mazira a akamba ndi mbalame zazing'ono,
• masamba.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amakonda kwambiri nyama ndi kusaka zinkhanira zomwe zimakhala zambirimbiri m'chipululu. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, poizoni wa njoka ndi zinkhanira sizowopsa kwa nyama, chifukwa meerkat imatha kupewa ziphezi. Ngakhale pali zochitika zina zowonjezeka zomwe zimachitika komanso kufa kosawerengeka kwa zinyama kwamenyedwa ndi njoka kapena chinkhanira. Meerkat ndi onyansa kwambiri. Amachotsa mwachangu dalyo ndi zinkhanira, ndiye kuti adye mosamala.

Amaphunzitsanso ana awo maluso oterowo, ndipo ngakhale kuti anawo sangathe kusaka okha, anawo amawapatsa chakudya ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kuti azitha kupeza okha chakudya ndikusaka. Amathanso kusaka makoswe ang'ono ndikudya. Chifukwa cha izi, meerkat adadziwika kwambiri ngati ziweto.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Meerkat

Meerkat amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri. Kuti athe kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oposa makumi awiri, lililonse lili ndi zilembo zingapo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuchenjeza zoopsa m'chinenedwe chawo pali mawu omwe akuwonetsa kutalika kwa wolumikizana ndi mawu akuti "kutali" ndi "pafupi". Amauzananso komwe ngoziyo imachokera - pamtunda kapena mlengalenga.

Chochititsa chidwi: choyamba, chilombo chimasayina kwa achibale za momwe ngoziyo iliri, ndipo pokhapokha - ikuchokera kuti. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi awona kuti ana amatinso amaphunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa motere.

Pachilankhulo cha meerkat palinso mawu omwe akuwonetsa kuti kutuluka kuchokera pogona panu ndi kwaulere, kapena, kutinso, kuti ndizosatheka kuchoka, popeza pali ngozi. Meerkat amagona usiku. Khalidwe lawo limakhala masana. M'mawa, atadzuka, mbali ina ya paketi imangokhala osamala, anthu ena amasaka. Kusintha kwa olondera nthawi zambiri kumachitika patatha maola ochepa. Nthawi yotentha, nyama zimakakamizika kukumba mabowo.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti panthawi yokumba, makutu awo akuwoneka kuti ali pafupi kuti nthaka ndi mchenga zisalowe.

Chifukwa chakuti mausiku achipululu ndi ozizira, ndipo ubweya wa meerkat nthawi zambiri samapereka kutenthera bwino, nyama zimasungunuka, motero, pagulu nthawi zambiri amagona mwamphamvu kukakamirana. Izi zimawathandiza kuti asazizire. M'mawa, gulu lonse limawotha dzuwa. Komanso, kutuluka kwa dzuwa, nyama nthawi zambiri zimatsuka nyumba, kutaya dothi lokwanira, ndikukula mabowo.

Kuthengo, nyama zamtchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi moyo woposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri, zaka zomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo amakhala pakati pa zaka zinayi ndi zisanu. Komanso ma mekitala amakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amamwalira, koma kufa kwa anthu kumathandizidwa ndi chonde chambiri, kotero kuchuluka kwa meerkats sikuchepa. Ndipo chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo cha nyama ndizokwera, chimafika 80% mwa achinyamata ndi 30% ya achikulire. Ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Meerkat Gopher

Meerkat ndi nyama zoyanjana kwambiri. Amachita chilichonse m'magulu. Amakhala m'magulu akulu akulu, pafupifupi 40-50. Gulu limodzi la meerkat limatha kukhala pafupifupi ma kilomita awiri, nkukhalamo ndikusaka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusamuka kwa meerkat. Ayenera kuyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya chatsopano.

Pamutu pa gululo pali wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, zazikazi kukhala zazikulu, meerkat ali ndi matriarchy. Chachikazi choyimirira pamutu pakepuyo chili ndi ufulu wobereka. Ngati wina agulitsa, atha kuthamangitsidwa ndikukukhadzulakhadzula. Ng'ombe zobadwa nazo zimatha kuphedwa.

Meerkat ndi prolific. Akazi amatha kubereka ana atsopano katatu pachaka. Mimba imatenga masiku 70 okha; Mu litala limodzi pakhoza kukhala ana awiri kapena asanu. Gulu lonse la nkhosalo nthawi zambiri limasamalira mbadwa za akuluakulu. Amembala amabweretsa chakudya, kuluma majeremusi kuchokera ku ana agalu, mpaka atakhala ndi njira yochitira pawokha, ndikuwateteza munjira iliyonse. Zimafika kuti ngati mdani wamkulu wokwanira aukira gulu, ndipo aliyense alibe nthawi yobisala, ndiye kuti akuluwo amadziphimba okha ndi ana, ndipo potero amapulumutsa achichepere mtengo wake.

Kulera kumaikidwa bwino m'masukulu, omwe amasiyanitsa mwamphamvu ndi nyama zina, zomwe ana awo saphunzira pakukonzekera, koma pakuwona momwe makolo awo amakhalira. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chomwe adawonetsera izi m'malo achipululu omwe amakhala.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: Meerkat otchedwa, mosiyana ndi meerkat, ndi makolo oyipa kwambiri. Amatha kusiya ana awo. Cholinga chake ndichakuti nyama zimapatsa chidziwitso ku m'badwo watsopano kudzera pakuphunzitsidwa, ndipo zimagwira gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira.

Adani achilengedwe a meerkat

Chithunzi: Meerkat Cub

Kukula kwa nyamazo kumawapangitsa kukhala ozunzidwa ndi adani ambiri. Pansi, ankhandwe amadula nyama za meerkat. Kuchokera kumwamba zimawopsezedwa ndi kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama, makamaka ziwombankhanga, zomwe sizimangodya ana ochepa, komanso pama megkaka akuluakulu. Nthawi zina njoka zikuluzikulu zimatha kukwawa. Mwachitsanzo, mfumu cobra imatha kusangalala ndi ana agalu okha, komanso ambiri akuluakulu pafupifupi anthu akuluakulu - omwe amatha kuthana nawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, meerkats samalimbana ndi adani okha, komanso abale awo. M'malo mwake, iwowo ndi adani achilengedwe. Amakhulupirira kuti ma meya ambiri amathanso kudya zakudya zopezeka m'bomalo ndikuwononga gawo lomwe amakhala. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, mabanja akukakamizidwa kuti azingoyendayenda kumalo ena kupita kwina.

Izi zimabweretsa nkhondo zapawiri pakati pa gawo komanso pamwamba pa chakudya. Nkhondo za nyama ndizowopsa kwambiri, zisanu zilizonse zamtundu wankhondo zimamwalira. Nthawi yomweyo, zazikazi zimateteza makhola awo mwankhanza, popeza mabanja akamwalira, adani nthawi zambiri amapha ana onse popanda kusiyidwa.

Meerkat amalowa mu ndewu kokha ndi oimira amtundu wawo. Kuchokera kwa olusa amayesa kubisala pobisalira kapena kuthawa. Nyama ikaoneka m'munda mwake wamasomphenyawo, nyamayo imauza abalewo mawuwo kuti gulu lonse ladziwike ndipo lingathawireko.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Banja la Meerkat

Ngakhale zimafa mwachilengedwe, ma mekitchu ndi mtundu womwe ungathe kuperewera pang'ono. Masiku ano, sikuti ali pachiwopsezo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu ndikokhazikika. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi chitukuko chachilengedwe pang'onopang'ono m'maiko ena ku South Africa, malo okhala nyama amachepa, ndipo malo awo achilengedwe amasokonezeka.

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu kungakulitse vutolo. Koma ngakhale ma mekitikesi ndi amtundu wotukuka ndipo sakuphatikizidwa ndi Mabuku Osafunika. Palibe njira kapena zomwe zimatengedwa kuteteza ndi kuteteza nyama izi.

Anthu ochulukitsa nyama amatha kufikira anthu 12 pa kilomita imodzi. Makulidwe a asayansi amawona anthu ochulukirapo 7.3 pa kilomita imodzi. Ndi mtengo uwu, kuchuluka kwa meerkat kumalimbana kwambiri ndi zovuta ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Nyama sizisamalidwa mosavuta, motero nthawi zambiri zimakhala malonda m'maiko ambiri aku Africa. Kuchotsedwa kwa nyama zakutchire sikunakhudzenso kuchuluka kwawo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti meerkat osawopa anthu. Amazolowera kwambiri alendo amabwera mpaka amakolola. Amapita kwa munthu popanda mantha, ndipo amafunitsitsa kulandira “mphatso” zabwino kuchokera kwa alendo.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chodyetsa

Meerkat ndi zilombo zolusa, ndipo chakudya chake chachikulu ndi tizilombo komanso mitundu invertebrates. Mosangalala amadya abuluzi, ndi mazira a mbalame, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndi ana awo. Kutha kwapadera kwama meerkat kudya nyama zomwe poizoni wake amatha kupha ngakhale anthu ndizodziwika bwino. Amasaka bwino zinkhanira, amazidya pamodzi ndi chiphe. Njoka zina zapoizoni sizitha kudziteteza ku nyama zam'madzi, ngakhale kuti nkhanu zikuluzikulu zimasokoneza nyama. Meerkat amamwa kwambiri kawirikawiri, kukhutitsidwa ndi chinyezi chomwe chili mgawo.

Ma Meerkat amakhala ndi metabolism yozama kwambiri: usiku amawotcha mafuta ambiri ndikupanga pafupifupi 5% ya kulemera kwawo, chifukwa chake amadya nyama kwambiri. Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti munthu wamkulu wamkazi amadya zakudya 30 mkati mwa ola limodzi.

M'chilimwe, nthawi yamvula, meerkat alibe chakudya: dziko lapansi limadzaza ndi tizilombo tomwe timakwawa pansi, ndipo ngati timakumba, ndiye kuti pakuya. Chifukwa chake, nyamazo sizifunikira kuyenda kutali ndi dzenje, ndipo zimasaka pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Meerkat iliyonse imalandira chakudya chake, achikulire sagawana zomwe ali nazo, koma ana ndi nkhani ina. Ana akhanda amayamba kutsagana ndi akuluakulu kukasaka ali ndi mwezi umodzi, ndipo onse m'banjamo amawadyetsa. Poyamba, meerkat akuluakulu amapatsa ana awo kukoma kwa mphutsi zofewa, pang'onopang'ono kuwaphunzitsa kusaka nyama zazikulu zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo zinkhanira, kenako ndi ma vertebrates.

Pakudya, mamembala a gulu amayenera 'kuyimirira nthawi' kuti awone momwe wotsogolera amafunikira nthawi. Pofuna kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, meerkat amakwera miyala, zitsa komanso ngakhale zitsamba, ndipo amatha kupendekera panthambi zoonda, atayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Zowopsa zikafika (adani kapena gulu lina la meerkat), wowonera amauza gulu lonse za icho ndi chizindikiro chapadera.

Ndikayamba nyengo yadzuwa, zimayamba kuvuta kwambiri ma mekitala kupeza chakudya chomwe chimabisala pansi pamtunda. Ayenera kusiya dzenje mtunda wautali - makilomita awiri ndi atatu kapena kupitirirapo, nthawi zambiri amabweretsa gawo la oyandikana nawo. Chibale pakati pa nyama pakudya imakhala yokhwima - imatha kudya chakudya kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso kuchokera kwa ana. Khalidwe lotere limadziwika kwambiri kwa mkazi wamkulu ngati ali ndi pakati. Ndi nthawi ino ya chaka nyama zomwe zimafa, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kusaka zakudya nthawi yomweyo, kuyang'anira olusa osagonja komanso kupewa kukumana ndi abale ankhanza.

Ntchito

Meerkat ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kusinthana: amakhala usiku m'makola, akumatseketsana wina ndi mnzake ndikudziwotcha ndi moto womwe. Kutuluka kwa dzuwa, nyamazo zimawonekera pamtunda ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ziyeretse nyumbayo. Nthaka yochulukirapo imatayidwa, zitseko za dzenje zimatsukidwa ndikukulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuyeretsa, ntchito yofunikira m'mawa ikupita dzuwa. Meerkat amayimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, amatembenuzira mitu yawo kuloza padzuwa ndikuyima, akumatsamira m'mbali mwake. Khungu pamimba pawo ndi lakuda ndipo chovalacho sichikhala chocheperako, motero zimawotha msanga. Pambuyo pa mawa, banja lonse limapita kukadyetsa. Ngati malo omwe meerkat amadya amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi bowo, amabwereranso kumadzulo, akupumula masana mumthunzi wa mitengo kapena pogona pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi malo odyetserako. Chakudyacho chikakwanira pafupi ndi nyumba, nthawi yausiku imachitika mu dzenje lake.

Vocalization

Meerkats zolengedwa modabwitsa kulankhulalankhula. Mukamadyetsa, makamaka muudzu wamtali, nthawi zonse amakhalanso ndi mayendedwe achilengedwe, ndikupanga phokoso chete. Pakakhala ngozi, wotumizirayo amafuula modzidzimutsa, ndipo mafunde otsala otsala. Nthawi zambiri nyama kulankhula ndi asuweni wawo wonse "mawu" wopangidwa mwa chizindikiro 2-4.

Habitat, malo okhala

Malo amenewa ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Lesotho. Nthawi zambiri meerkat amapezeka m'chipululu cha Kalahari ndi Namib. Amakhala m'malo momasuka, zipululu, zopanda mitengo ndi zitsamba. Mumakonda zigwa zobisika, ma savannas, mtunda wokhala ndi nthaka yolimba. Dera lotere ndilabwino kwambiri pomanga mabowo am'madzi ndikusaka chakudya.

Khalidwe pamagulu

Mpaka posachedwa, ma mekitchi adawerengedwa mosawerengeka, komabe, kuyang'ana kwautali wa nyama zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zomwera kumwera kwa Africa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zofufuzira, kwapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizidziwa bwino.

Gawo lalikulu la anthu okhala meerkat ndi banja lomwe machitidwe awo okhwima amalamulira. Yaikazi yonse imayang'anira moyo wonse wabanja: imasankha dzenje lomwe banjalo limakhalamo, malo odyetserako, ndipo koposa zonse, iye yekha ndiye woyenera kubala ana.

Wamphongo wamkulu amakhala wotsimikizika pakulimbana pakati pa amuna, monga lamulo, ndiamene amapanga banja ndi wamkulu wamkazi ndikukhala kholo la ana onse obadwa kwa iye. Awiriwo atha kulamulirana zaka zingapo, ndipo banja limakula chifukwa cha ana ake. Chiwerengero cha nyama mu banja nthawi zambiri chimafikira anthu 30, magulu ang'onoang'ono a meerkat amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zilombo, ndipo mabanja akuluakulu (nyama zoposa 40) zimawavuta kusunga umodzi.

Banja la meerkat limakhala ndi fungo la gulu linalake, lomwe limakwaniritsidwa pomanga nyama ndi mzake. Mamembala a gululi amachita zonse pamodzi - nthawi yomweyo amadyetsa ndi kupuma, kusamalira ana mogwirizana ndikuchita mogwirizana monga adani. Pakudya, banja liyenera kukhazikitsa “alonda,” omwe amayang'anitsitsa mosamala malo ozungulira ndikuwachenjeza panthawiyi za njira yomwe mdani angadye. Oyang'anira abere amasamalira ana, osati akazi achichepere okha, komanso amuna amatha kukhala ngati mwana. Kudzikongoletsa ndikofunikira kwambiri mdera la meerkat - nyama sizimangomasula wina ndi mzake kuchokera ku tiziromboti, banja limakumana mokulira kuchitanso izi.

Gulu lililonse la meerkat limatsata malo ena otetezedwa. Kukula kwa magawo a mabanja osiyanasiyana omwe akukhala, mwachitsanzo, ku Kalahari, kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 lalikulu ma mraba. km, iliyonse ili ndi mabowo osachepera asanu oyenera kubanja. Bowo, makamaka lomwe limakumbidwa panthaka yofewa, limatha kukhala malo a 25 × 32 m, ndi mpanda wolimba wazipinda zokhala ndi makamera ndipo uli ndi mazana akutuluka. Nthawi zambiri, burrows imakhala pamalo a 5 x 5 m ndipo ili ndi 15 yotuluka. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kumapita 1.5-2 metres, motero kutentha kwake kumakhalabe kosasintha ndipo kumakhalabe kofanana ndi 22-25. Banja limatha kukhala m'mudzimo kwa miyezi ingapo, komabe, kuchulukitsa utitiri ndi nkhupakupa zimakakamiza nyamazo kuti zizisintha nyumba nthawi zonse. Kusintha kwa burashi kumachitika nthawi zambiri mbadwa za mkazi zisanachitike, pokhapokha pagulu limasuntha pakakhala khanda. “Mukasamukira ku nyumba yatsopano”, ana aang ono amatengedwa m'mano ndi anthu achikulire. Pafupi ndi mabowo amalembedwa mosamala ndi chinsinsi cha tiziwalo tambiri.

Ziwawa zam'chilimwe nyengo yachilimwe, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, sichimachitika kawirikawiri. Mabanja amatha kudyetsa mtunda wa mamita angapo popanda kuzindikira, kapena kunyalanyaza wina ndi mnzake. Misonkhano m'malire a malire, magulu amakhala ndi malire azikhalidwe zina.

Ndi nyengo yozizira, chakudya chimayamba kuchepa, ndipo mabanja otsogola amatha kulowa malo a anthu ena. Alonda akazindikira alendo, amapanga phokoso lalikulupo, ndipo nyama zonse za gululo, ndimisomali yawo imakwezedwa ndikukonza tsitsi lawo. Pambuyo pakulimbana mphindi zochepa, m'modzi mwa mabanja'wo amathamangira kukazunza. Gulu lirilonse limakhala lolimba mdera lake, ndipo alendo osadziwika nthawi zambiri amathawa. Nkhondo zamagazi sizimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pama magulu okhazikika a anthu ofanana, koma ngati banja lakula kwambiri m'chilimwe, likufuna kuwonjezera gawo lake. Zikatero, ndewu zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupha nyama zina. Meerkat sakhala odzikonda kuteteza mabowo awo ndi ana amkatiwo, chifukwa ana amphongo omwe atsalira adzaphedwa ndi alendo.

Ngati munyengo yamvula ambiri magulu angapo amakanema amapangidwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira kugawidwanso kwa magawo sikungatheke, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi nkhondo zoopsa.

Zakudya za Meerkat

M'malo okhala mure wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, kulibe owimira ena ambiri omwe angapindule nawo. Iwo ankadya kafadala zosiyanasiyana, nyerere, mphutsi yawo, millipedes monga chakudya. Zosavuta kusaka zinkhanira ndi akangaude. Pewani ululu wazopweteka komanso mafuta onunkhira kwambiri a tizilombo komanso milili. Iwo akhoza kudya inakhala kakang'ono - abuluzi, njoka, mbalame yaing'ono. Nthawi zina zisa za mbalamezi zimasakazidwa chisa chija pansi ndi udzu.

Amakhulupirira molakwika kuti ma mekitchu samva njoka. Ngati njoka umaluma ndi mule - adzafa, koma izi kawirikawiri zimachitika. Meerkat ndi nyama zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo akamalimbana ndi njoka amawonetsa chodabwitsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuluma meerkat chifukwa chosuntha kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri, njoka zimatha ndipo zimadyedwa. mbali yowutsa mudyo zomera - masamba, zimayambira, rhizomes ndi mababu akhoza kupita ku chakudya.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Nthenga zazinayi zoweta zimafika pa kutha kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo. Mkazi wamkulu wathanzi amatha kubweretsa malita anayi pachaka, chilichonse chimatha kukhala ndi ana agalu 7. Meerkats kawetedwe mu nthawi kuchokera September mpaka March.

Akazi ali ndi pakati kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 77. Ana agalu amabadwa ali akhungu ndipo alibe thandizo. Kulemera kwa meerkat wakhanda ndi za magalamu 30.

Podzafika milungu iwiri, meerkat amatsegula maso awo ndikuyamba kuphunzira kukhala akulu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timadya timayamba kuwonekera patatha miyezi iwiri. Choyamba, mayi ndi anthu ena a paketi ya kudyetsa ana, kenako iwo anayamba kusaka paokha. Kuleredwa kwa mbadwo wachichepere kumakhala pamapewa a abale ndi alongo awo achikulire. Amayang'anira masewera achichepere, amakonza masewera ndipo amateteza ku zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kwa adani.

Ndizosangalatsa! Only ndi matriarch mkazi akhoza kubweretsa ana. Akazi ena nthawi zina amakhala ndi pakati, zomwe zimabweretsa nkhondo yapakati pa ndewu.

Mitengo ya mule yakale imaphunzitsa ana, ndipo izi zimachitika motere. Okhwima ana agalu ayende akulu pa kusaka ndi. Choyamba amadyetsa kale nyama, kenako, osakhalanso ndi moyo, koma adakali ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, ana amaphunzira kugwira ndikuthana ndi nyama, amakhala ozolowera chakudya chatsopano. Ndiye akuluakulu okha kuona kuwonjezeka wamng'ono, kuthandiza mu nthawi zina kupirira zazikulu agile nyama, zomwe mtsikana sadzakhala kupirira yekha. Pongowonetsetsa kuti mwanayo atha kupulumuka yekha, amalola kusaka pawokha.

Pophunzitsa, akuluakulu akuluakulu amayesera "kudziwa" achichepere ndi chilichonse chomwe angathe - njoka, abuluzi, akangaude, centiedes. N'zosatheka kuti munthu wamkulu palokha meerkat alibe maganizo a mmene kupirira imodzi kapena mdani wina edible. Mearkat okhwima amatha kusiya banja ndikuyesera kukhazikitsa banja lawo. Pankhaniyi, atachoka, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa vendetta kuchokera kubanja lake - amadziwika kuti ndi alendo ndipo akadzayesa kubwerera, adzachotsedwa mderalo mopanda chisoni.

Zokhudza banja

Meerkats ndi nyama dera lawo, kukula kwa malo awo ndi za 5 sq Km.

Amakhala m'magulu (mabanja). 20 - kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zili mgululi. Komabe, chiwerengero cha ena zambiri ukufika anthu 40 kapena kuposa. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana mgululi ndi chofanana. Pali wolowa m'malo wina wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Mutu wa banja ndi aakazi amene amasankha awiri kuchokera pakati pa amuna amphamvu. Mu banja lonse lalikulu, monga lamulo, awiri okhawo otchuka amaberekanso.

Meerkats amakhala ochulukirapo - achikazi amatha kubereka ana mpaka kanayi pachaka. Mimba kumatenga masabata 11. Nthawi zambiri amabereka ana anayi, chisamaliro chomwe chimachitika ndi anthu onse ammudzi. Poyamba, banja lonse limadyetsa ana ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi, ndipo akadzakula pang'ono, achikulirewo amawaphunzitsa momwe angasakire komanso momwe angagwirire bwino nyama yawo.

chisamaliro Baby

Achinyamata ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yonse kuphunzira masewera. Zochita zawo zachikhalidwe zomwe amazikonda zikuphatikizana, kumalumikizana, kumenyana. Nthawi zambiri zikukhudza akulu mu masewero awo.

Meerkats amakonda masewera

Meerkat amalemekeza malamulo abanja. Milandu kupulupudza pakati pa n'zochepa. Meerkat amadziwa kuti ngati mabanja ndi ogwirizana kwambiri, amakhala bwino mamembala ake onse. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi, nyama zoleredwa m'madera akulu ndizochedwa komanso zamphamvu kuposa anzawo kuchokera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa m'magulu akuluakulu, ana amapatsidwa chakudya. Chotero mzimu mkulu wa collectivism ndi khalidwe la nyama zina Mwachitsanzo, anyani, mikango, agalu hyena African.

Odziwa Odziwa

Nyama zonsezi ndi osaka nyama komanso ozunzidwa. Monga alenje, iwo kumiza mitu yawo mchenga kufika pansi nsikidzi, tizilombo mphutsi ndi geckos. Ndipo monga omwe angathe kuzunzidwa, amakakamizika kuyang'ana mozungulira, munthawi kuti azindikire zilombo zikuluzikulu - ankhandwe, ankhandwe, njoka, ndikuyang'ananso kuthambo kuti asagwere mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa. Zokha, meerkat sakanapulumuka pakadachitika izi. Choncho, nyama kupanga madera akuluakulu ndi kuthetsa mavuto awo pamodzi, kugaŵana maudindo.

Makina onse akusaka chakudya nthawi ndi nthawi amakwera miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikuyang'ana mozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, dera lililonse nthawi zonse limayika malo achitetezo pamalo okwezeka, mwachitsanzo, pamulu wa chiswe. Tayang'anani pa chithunzi cha meerkat alonda - iye wapeza kwambiri kuona malo ndi akuyang'ana zolusa pafupi.

Ngati thambo likuwoneka bwino, alondawo amapitilizabe kumamveka. Akaona zoopsa, phokosoli limakhala lokwiya, ndikuwopseza ndipo kampaniyo nthawi yomweyo imathawa, ikathawira.

Meerkat pa kulondera

Ngati nkhandwe ikaukira megirayo, imapondaponda ndi woweta, ndikulowetsa mano. Mdani ngati sanayankhe, amawerama ndikumulavulira, kuyesera kuyendetsa mdani motere. Koma ngati si kuthandiza, zikhadabo ndi mano ntchito. Nyama zimathamangira kumsana kwa nkhandwe, kukumba mwa iyo ndi zibwano ndi mano.

Dzuwa litalowa, kumayamba kuzizira, koma ma mekitala sanachedwe kupita kwawo, koma amawonjezera chofunda ndikukumbatira kuti atenthedwe

Mogwirizana ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa

M'madera omwewo momwe meerkat amakhala, mongoose (Cunictis penicillata) amapezeka, omwe amafanana ndi galu wokongola. Palibe mpikisano wazakudya pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, chifukwa mbewa zachikasu zimadyera timadzi tating'onoting'ono - mbewa, mbalame, amphibians. Komanso osiyanasiyana mongoose ndi onse kuposa wachibale wake. Mongoose amagwira ntchito usiku. Chifukwa cha nsonga zawo zazitali zamakutu ndi makutu, zotetezedwa ndi mchenga, meerkat ndi mongooses achikasu zimatha bwino kukumba mabowo. Komabe, kupereka ntchito imeneyi ndi dothi gologolo (Xerus inauris). Nthawi zambiri mitundu yonse itatu imakhala limodzi, m'nyumba imodzi. Aliyense amapindula ndi izi: meerkats ali ndi udindo wotetezera nyumba, ma yellow mongooses chifukwa chachitukuko cha ana amakula msanga mderalo malinga ndi mwambi wakuti "Ambiri amawona maso ambiri", ndipo agologolo amdothi amapatsa aliyense nyumba.

Meerkats bwino analamulira. M'mayiko ena aku South Africa, amasungidwa kwawo kuti agwire makoswe ndi njoka.

Meerkat amasintha moyo wawo kukhala mu ukapolo ndipo samawerengeka mosavuta, amakhala okondwa, akhama, ochita chidwi, amakonda kusewera komanso amakondana, ndimphaka zamtunduwu, ndipo amakhalabe choncho mpaka atakalamba (ndipo nyamazo zimakhala mu ukapolo zaka zopitilira 12). makhalidwe amenewo meerkat wokongola kwambiri ntchito kunyumba. Koma popeza nyama izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala m'mabanja akuluakulu mwachilengedwe, ndibwino kuti musayambe imodzi, koma ma mekitala awiri, ngati simufuna kulandira ana kuchokera kwa iwo, mutha kutenga amuna kapena akazi. Pamodzi, nyama zazing'onoting'ono sizidzakhala zotopetsa - nthawi zonse pamakhala wina wocheza naye yemwe angamusamalire - kwa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. A munthu meerkat ndi bwenzi, koma iye sangakhoze m'malo banja lake.

Kusamba

Ubweya wa Meerkat ndi wonyansa, makamaka ngati nyamayo ikuyenda mumsewu. Sambani miyendo yanu ya chiweto mukamayenda. Ndipo kamodzi pa mwezi, meerkat adzafunika kuwatsuka ntchito wofatsa Zoo shampu. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi osamba pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi ofunda. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi samalowa m'makutu a nyama, apo ayi zotsatira zake sizingakhale zosangalatsa (mwina mungafunse woyang'anira veterinari). Osambira ku meerkats ndi zosafunika, choncho sayenera kuloledwa kusambira momasuka beseni la madzi. Pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi, musalole kuti chiweto chizungulire kuzungulira nyumbayo, koyamba kupukuta ndi thaulo, kenako ndikupukuta ndi chowongolera tsitsi.

Kuyenda panja

Mu nyengo bwino, mukhoza kupita kukayenda ndi meerkat a. Ili ndi tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri. Kuti chiweto chisathawe, ndikofunikira kuyiyenda kokha pachiwonetsero (zingwe ndizoyenera zazing'ono zazing'ono). Iwo amayenda ndi meerkat kokha mu nyengo ofunda.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyenda ndi meerkat ndikotheka pokhapokha patachitika zonse katemera (ku mliri ndi matenda a chiwewe). Meerkat amatemera komanso mafinya.

Ngati meerkat amayenda pa msewu, komanso ngati amphaka kapena agalu akadali moyo mu nyumba zanu, meerkat ayenera kulandira chithandizo cha utitiri ndi nkhupakupa.

Momwe mungadyetse meerkat

Meerkat samasankha pankhani ya chakudya, ndipo kupangira zakudya zoyenera kwa adani anu ochepa sikungakhale kovuta.

Zakudya zapadera za meerkat sizikupezeka, koma mutha kuwapatsa chakudya chomwe chimapangidwira agalu kapena amphaka, koma okhawo apamwamba kwambiri.

Nyama iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya za meerkat - ng'ombe yaiwisi kapena yophika, nkhuku, zinziri, kalulu. Koma kupatsa nyama kokha sikulakwa. Muli mapuloteni ambiri mmenemo, ndipo mulibe zinthu zina zofunikira, mavitamini ndi michere.

M'masitolo azitsamba, chakudya chokhazikika chimapezeka nthawi zonse (ma cicake, maphemwe, mafobas, mphutsi za ufa. Ayeneranso kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za chiweto chanu.

Ana ndi achinyamata opitirira miyezi isanu ya zaka amadyetsedwa kanayi pa tsiku, achinyamata kuyambira miyezi 5 mpaka 10 - katatu patsiku, nyama zachikulire ndizokwanira kudyetsa kawiri pa tsiku. Meerkat, monga lamulo, samakhala ndi chizolowezi chakudya chamafuta kwambiri, ndipo samadya zoposa zomwe amafunikira.

Gawo la zakudya zamasamba mu zakudya za meerkat ziyenera kukhala zopanda chidwi. Zipatso ndi zipatso (maapulo, nthochi, mango, Persimmon, mavwende, sitiroberi, yamatcheri, ndi zina) amadula mutizidutswa tating'ono. Masamba obiriwira kapena osankhidwa bwino (ena kuposa mbatata) amathanso kusakanizidwa ndi nyama yoboola.

Monga zowonjezera pazakudya zazikulu, dzira la nkhuku yophika imaperekedwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo dzira la zinziri (zosaphika) kawiri pa sabata.

Kuchokera pa zinthu zamkaka, nthawi zina mumatha kupatsa kefir otsika mafuta, tchizi tchizi, yogati.

Kodi sichingathe kudyetsedwa meerkat?

Zakudya zamafuta, komanso mkaka ndi kirimu wowawasa, siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa meerkat - samamwetsa thupi la wolusa. Nyama yamafuta ndi nkhuku (nkhumba, mwanawankhosa, tsekwe, bakha) ndi chakudya cha anthu monga masoseji, nyama zotsekemera ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi soya, mchere, zonunkhira ndi mankhwala osungirako ndizoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, simungapatse bowa, mtedza, anyezi ndi adyo.

Payokha, ziyenera kunenedwa za kudyetsa nsomba za meerkat. Muyenera kukhala osamala pano. Chakudyachi sichachilendo kwa meerkat, ndipo mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovulaza nyama - trimethylamine oxide ndi thiaminase. Nthawi zina, meerkat amatha kupatsidwa nsomba za pinki, taimen, grayling, skeon salmon, ej, chinook salmon, nsomba, ndi chum nsomba. Nsombayo iyenera kuwiritsa ndi mafupa onse kuti achotsedwepo.

Chitetezo cha Meerkat Kunyumba

Mukamasunga meerkat kunyumba, choyambirira, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo cha chiweto.

1. Nyama zosasunthika zimakonda kuyang'anitsitsa zingwe zopangika pomwe zingathe kukwawa, motero zimadziyika pachiwopsezo. Tsekani mipata yonse yoopsa, iduleni nthawi zonse ndikufutukula sopo mosamala.
2. Pofuna kupewa ngozi, nyamazo siziyenera kukhala ndi khonde lopanda chitseko, ndipo maukonde olimba ndi udzudzu aziyikidwa pazenera.
3. Mankhwala onse apakhomo ayenera kubisika m'malo osavomerezeka ndi nyama.
4. Magawo ang'onoang'ono, mikanda, mabatani, ulusi etc. sayenera kukhala pamalo osavuta kupezeka ndi nyama. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito ku zinyalala zakukhitchini, makamaka mbewu.
5. Musanayatse makina ochapira, musaiwale ngati chiweto chanu sichili bwino nacho.
6. Nthawi iliyonse, kutseka chitseko, onetsetsani kuti palibe fidget yaying'ono pafupi.
7. Osapatsanso mankhwala kwa anthu kapena mankhwala ochizira nyama zina. Musayesere kuchitira nyama chiweto chilichonse - ndibwino kupeza katswiri wazamanyama wodziwa kupangira nyama zosowa pasadakhale

Kodi ndizovuta kusungitsa chiweto chokhacho ngati meerkat kunyumba? Zosavuta osati zophweka monga momwe zimawonekera kwa osakhudzidwa. Musanafike kunyumba ya munthuyu, muziganizira zabwino ndi zoipa zake. Kulowetsa nyama mnyumba nthawi zonse kumakhala udindo komanso zovuta zina, makamaka poyamba. Ndipo kudya nyama yachilendo ndizovuta. Koma amalipira ndi nthawi zachisangalalo ndi chisangalalo zomwe mngelo wa dzuwa adzabweretsa m'moyo wanu.

Kulera ndi kulera ana

Meerkat amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi chaka chimodzi, koma m'chilengedwe amayamba kubereka pambuyo pake. Ubwino kwathunthu mu kubereka ndiye mkazi wamkulu. Mwana wa ana akabadwa kuchokera kwa mmodzi mwa ana ake aakazi akulu, amatha kuwapha, kapena kuthamangitsa wamkazi "wolakwayo", kapena kusamutsira gulu lina kubowo lina, ndikusiya mayi yemwe wangopangidwayo ndi ana.

Yaikazi imatha kubereka ana mpaka kanayi pachaka, komabe, nthawi zambiri, kubereka kumayambira nthawi yachilimwe, nyengo yanyontho ndipo kumachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi. Chifukwa cha kutenga pakati, komwe kumatenga masiku 70-77, kuchoka pa ana awiri mpaka asanu mpaka 25-30 g.atatha kudyetsa ana, mayiyo amapita kokasaka ndi gulu lake, ndipo "nanny" amakhala ndi ana, omwe samawasiya mpaka kubwerera kwa mamembala ena a gululi. Ana amadyetsedwa mkaka osati ndi amayi okha, komanso ndi akazi ena a gululo, komanso kwa izi zomwe zimafotokozeredwa motere kufotokozedwa: mkaka umawoneka mwa akazi osabereka.
Maso a ana amatseguka masiku 10 mpaka 14, koma amangochoka pakangotha ​​milungu itatu yokha atabadwa. Sabata ina ndikutsalanso kwa gulu, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, ana amapita kukasaka ndi akulu. Akuluakulu amgululi amawayambitsa mphutsi yoyamba, kenako ndikubweretsa nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Meerkat amadziwika ndi kuphunzitsa achinyamata: ana samangoyang'anira kusaka, akulu amawawonetsa momwe angachitire. Nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu amadziwa kukula kwa khanda kuti lizigwirizana ndi mawu ake. Zakudya za mkaka zimatha pa zaka 7-9 milungu.

Pakatha masiku awiri kuchokera kubadwa kwa ana, wamkazi amakhala wokonzeka kukhwima. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna wamkulu pagululi samachoka ndipo amateteza mwamunayo kwa amuna ena onse. M'chilimwe, kukakhala chakudya chochuluka, amuna okulirapo omwe amakhala m'magulu oyandikana nawo amatha kuzungulira banja lolera, amakopa akazi achichepere, koma wamkazi wamkulu amatha kubwera kwa iwo "patsiku". Akakwatirana, amunawa amabwerera m'mabanja awo, koma nthawi zina amatsogolera zazikazi zazing'ono kenako banja laling'ono la meerkat limakhazikitsidwa.

Utali wamoyo

Adani akuluakulu a meerkat m'chilengedwe ndi mbalame zodyedwa, koma nyama iliyonse yolusa imatha kukhala ndi meerkat, motero mwachilengedwe, meerkat sakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 7-8. Zinyama zazing'ono zimafa nthawi zambiri: mwa ana atatu obadwa, m'modzi yekhayo amakhala ndi chaka chimodzi. Akapolo, nyama zimakhala nthawi yayitali motalikirapo: nthawi yayitali kwambiri yojambulidwa ndi meerkats ndi zaka 12 ndi miyezi 6.