Akatswiri a Ornithologists adazindikira mitundu yodwala:
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- mawonekedwe
- kukula
- utoto
- dera lokhalamo.
Ndikosavuta kudziwa ngati mwana wachinyamata wagululi ndi amtundu wamtimabowo, chifukwa amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthenga kuposa abale achikulire. Monga lamulo, kukula kwachinyamata kumawonetsa mithunzi ya beige yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a imvi. Kukula nthenga za mtundu oyera, imvi kapena zakuda, zimatengera zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi.
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Mtundu wa paw ndi chida china chodziwika bwino cha seagull. Mbalame zazikuru zokhala ndi ma pinki oyenda ndi mapazi. Mbalame zapakatikati zimakhala ndi miyendo yachikasu. Zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi zofiirira kapena zakuda.
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Mitundu ya nkhanu zomwe zimakhala kutali ndi Russia
Galapagos Gull
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Kukhazikika kwa ku Mongolia
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Delaware Gull
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Grey-mapiko mapiko
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California kukomoka
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Khungu lakumadzulo
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Franklin Gull
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Aztec Gull
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Arimoni (Sevan siliva) wonyezimira
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Thayer gull
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Glow Dominican
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Pacific gull
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Makhalidwe Abanja
Mwa oimira a Tchaikov pali zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizocheperako kuposa nkhunda ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 100. Munthu wamkulu kwambiri amatha kutalika kwa 80 cm ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwa 2 kg. Nzika zapakhomo zimadziwika ndi magawo angapo.
Kunja, zisoka zonse zimawoneka chimodzimodzi. Amakhala ndi nthenga zowirira komanso maula osalala. Mchira ndi mapiko amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za aerodynamics, zomwe zimapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala zowuluka bwino kwambiri, zimatha kuthawa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zimayenda molunjika. Mapazi okhala ndi masamba amakulolani kuti mukhale pamadzi molimba mtima, osasokoneza mwachangu pamtunda (ngakhale kuthamanga).
Kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa akulu ndi mawonekedwe a mdomo. Mwanjira ina, imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Ena anapatsidwa chiwalo cholimba. Koma onsewa amasinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito moyenera zosokoneza.
Mitundu ya gull osiyana mitundu. Ambiri amakhala ndi thupi lowala komanso mapiko akuda kwambiri (imvi, yakuda). Palinso anthu ena okhala ndi monophonic, omwe azungu ndi pinki amawonekera. Mapapu ndi mulomo amatha kukhala wachikasu, ofiira, wakuda.
Seagulls alibe kusiyana kwazomwe zimasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, koma kukula kwa gulu la nkhosa kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa brownley-motley. Kwa mbalame, kusintha kwa zovala kumakhala kodziwika - pofika nyengo yakukhwima, zochulukirapo zozizira zimapeza mithunzi yowala.
Kuswana
Chidziwitso cha mayendedwe achilengedwe chimakhala chogwirizana. Omanga mabanja amachitirana wina ndi mnzake. Yaikazi imabereka kamodzi pachaka. "Mutu wa banja" umasamalira chakudya chake nthawi yachakudya, womwe umayamba pa Epulo-Julayi (kutengera chigawo). M'mitundu yambiri yamtchire, abwenzi amakankhana mbadwa.
Mu clutch pakhoza kukhala mazira 1 mpaka 3 am'matumbo, pomwe ampaka amaswa pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Ana ophimbidwa ndi fluff awona kale, atakula bwino, koma sabata yoyamba sangathe kuyima payokha. Ana achichepere amatha kutha msinkhu pofika chaka cha 3 cha moyo. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kukhalapo kwawo ndi zaka 15-20.
Kugonjera
Kukhazikika kwazisangalalo kwakunyanja kumakhala kofala - kumatha kuwonekera osati kukwera pamwamba pa nyanja kapena nyanja. Mbalame zimakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi malo osungira madzi abwino. Zimapezeka mu tundra ndi chipululu, zimatha kuwoneka ngakhale m'mizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri okhala m'mizinda. Mtundu uliwonse wa mbalame zomwe zikukhala, payenera kukhala dziwe pafupi. Choyimira chachikulu pakusankha malo ndi mwayi wopindula ndi china chake.
Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha anyaniwa limakhalabe anthu okhala kunyanja (nsomba, squid, starfish). Koma mbalame ndi "zakudya zadziko lapansi" sizipewa, kutola zinyalala za anthu. Mu ndowa za zinyalala pagombe ndi zotengera zinyalala pafupi ndi nyumba zokhalamo, zimayang'ana zotsalira za chakudya chanyama.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu
Kulikonse komwe nyanjazo zimakhala, zimakhala mwamakhalidwe - zimakhala m'midzi. Nthawi yomweyo, fuko limasiyanitsidwa osati ndi zilembo zakunja - mtundu uliwonse uli ndi chilankhulo chake, zowerengetsa mitundu yonse ya mawu.
M'mabanja ofotokozedwa opitilira 60 a nkhono, zokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Ena amakhala moyo wongokhala, pomwe ena amangoyendayenda. Choyamba, ndiyofunika kukhudza pamutuwu, mitundu yanji ya gull khalani ku Russia.
Zochepa
Kunja, mbalameyi ndi yofanana ndi nyanja, koma mutu wake ndi wakuda (kuphatikiza kumbuyo kwa mutu). Inde, ndipo phuthulo sanatuluke ndi mizere - silifikira masentimita 30 kutalika kwake ndi mapiko a 62-69 cm, osalemera kupitirira 100 g.
Zovala zake zimasintha malinga ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mutu umakhala woyera, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda pak korona. Zimasinthika nyengo yakukhwima - m'malo ambiri a thupi choyera chambiri chimayamba kupindika. Khungu laling'ono ndi mtundu wosamukira. Nyengo yowonekera ku Russia ikugwa pa Meyi-Ogasiti.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimatha kuwoneka m'malo osungirako anthu komanso kumilandu yaku Tatarstan (Nizhnekamsk, Kuibyshev). Madera akuluakulu amapezeka kumpoto kwa Europe, komanso amapezeka ku Asia. Imakonda seagull kuti ikhale chambiri m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi madambo, pazilumba zam'nyanja. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba ndi ma invertebrates.
Mediterranean
Woimira wamkulu wa Tchaikovs - wokhala ndi thunthu la masentimita 52-58, mapikowo ndi 1.2-1.4 mamita. Mapiko am'mbuyo ndi mapikaso amajambulidwa mumthunzi wa imvi, mapiko ake amakhala amdima ndi chokongoletsera. Zina zonse ndi zoyera.
Mlomo wamphamvu ndi miyendo imakhala ndi kamvekedwe ka chikasu. Mtundu womwewo ndi iris, wokutidwa ndi mphete yofiyira. Choyambirira chachikulu cha malo okhala ndi Bay of Biscay ndi Iberian Peninsula. Ku Russia, amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda.
Zingwe zimatha kupindika pa ma bogi, m'matanthwe ngakhale padenga la nyumba zokwera kwambiri. Posankha menyu, sakusankha - amadya chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka. Kuphatikiza pa okhala m'madzi, samapewa tizilombo, makoswe, carrion. Imatha kuwononga zisa zakunyumba za banja loyandikana nalo.
Siliva
Uwu ndi mtundu wa mbewa zazikulu zazikulu zolemera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 60, ndipo mapikowo ndi 1.25-1,55 m. M'mayiko ena, anthu amawona ngati mbalame yodya nyama yomwe imatha kuukira munthu wofika chisa.
Mlomo wamphamvu, wokutidwa pambuyo pake, umakutidwa kumapeto. Imapaka utoto wachikaso kapena wamtambo wokhala ndi chilembo chofiyira pamlomo. Mwanjira, miyendo imasiyana ndi mlomo wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Mbalame yamkati yoyera yoyera idatchedwa dzina la mapiko ake, ngati kuti idakutidwa ndi siliva.
Imapezeka paliponse ndipo imanena za mitundu ya chilengedwe. Anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala kum'mwera amakhala moyo wawungokhala. Zipatso zakumpoto za European Union zimasamukira ku Asia.
Mbalame zamtundu wa silvery sikuti zimangokhala zamtundu wamtundu - zimakhala ngati asodzi. Sichikhala chovuta kwa iwo kuba nsomba maukonde, kupindula ndi malonda a ogulitsa mumsewu, kuwononga zisa zawo ndi mbalame za mabanja ena. Amadyetsa nyama zazing'ono ndipo sapewa kunyamula.
Kuseka kwamutu wopanda mutu
Munthu wamkulu mpaka 70cm kukula kwake ndipo wolemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Inkaonedwa kuti ndi gawo laling'ono la siliva chifukwa chofanana ndi chaching'ono chomwe chinali kuseka nacho. Tsopano adayikidwa pagulu lodziyimira lokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunja.
Mutu wa mbalame wamkulu ndi wakuda. Nthenga za mapiko ndi msana ndizopepuka. Mapapu ndi achikasu, ndipo mtundu wa mulomo uli pafupi ndi lalanje, kumapeto kwake umakhala ndi mzere wakuda. Maso amakongoletseka ndi "riboni" yoyera. Amakhala m'madera akuluakulu. Malo okondweretsa m'malo amtunda wa Russia - Nyanja ya Azov ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, Crimea. Ku Europe, amakhala ku Mediterranean.
Pewani
Zimakopa chidwi ndi chisomo chake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 44-45. Mutu ndi khosi zimapakidwa utoto wakuda bii (nthawi yozizira imasandulika yoyera). Malangizo a mapiko otuwa amapindika bwino. Mtundu wofanana wachitsulo ndi maumunthu am'mbuyo.
Mimba ndi mchira wake ndi zoyera ngati chipale. Poyerekeza ndi maziko awa, milomo yofiirira, mulomo wolimba ndi khungu lozungulira maso ndikuwoneka bwino. Mawonekedwe akumwamba ndi am'munsi "adafupikitsa" mzere woyera. Ziphuphu zokhala ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono zimapezeka kumidzi yakumwera kwa Russia, Kazakhstan, China. Ponena za zolengedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono, motero, zalembedwa mu Red Book.
Steppe
Mtunduwu umatha kudziwika kuti ndi woyamba - mbalame zimakhazikika m'mphepete mwa Caspian and Black Seas, ndikugwiranso gawo la Ukraine. Zambiri zambirimbiri zimapezeka ku Poland, Belarus, Hungary, Kazakhstan.
Amawoneka pakati pa mitundu ina yapamwamba. Ngakhale ndi kukula kwake (kutalika kwa 55-66 masentimita) ndi kulemera kowoneka bwino (pafupifupi makilogalamu 1,2), mbalame yochepa thupi imayenda pamtunda ndikuwuluka mokongola mlengalenga.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mphumi yakutsogolo komanso khosi lalitali. Ili ndi mtundu wamtundu wamitundu yambiri. Miyendo yanu ndi mulomo wake ndi wachikasu mopepuka. Zowonjezera zazikulu ndi zoyera, mapiko ake ndi imvi. Anthuwo adatcha kuseka mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, atakweza mutu, amapanga mawu amtundu wofanana ndi kuseka.
Marine
Woimira wamkulu wa Tchaikovs ndi wamtali wa 75-80 masentimita, ali ndi mapiko pafupifupi 1,7 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa 2 kg. Zosefukira zonse za mbalamezi ndi zoyera, kokha mapiko akuwonekera omwe amapaka utoto wakuda. Zinyama zazing'ono mpaka zaka 4 zimakhala ndi ma bulawuni ansalu. Kuti mufanane ndi gull, mlomo wake wachikasu wokhala ndi maleera ofiira ndi wamphamvu, wautali komanso wopindika. Wamphamvu komanso wotuwa pinki.
Mayina amtundu wotetemera imagogomezera mawonekedwe awo. Oimira am'banjali amakhala m'magulu akulu a gombe lakumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean. Amakhala ku Central Europe. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu ena amasamukira kum'mwera ndipo amatha kukumana nawo ku Crimea.
Wosokerera wakuda
Ndi mulifupi pakulimba ndipo ili ndi mlomo wachikasu wopindika pang'ono wokhala ndi chizindikiro chofiira ndi chakuda kumapeto. Kuchokera pamizere yoyera komanso imvi, pakati pa mitundu ina, imakhala ndi nthenga zakuda mchira.
Malo akuluakulu okhala ndi East Asia. Koma kuli anthu ku North America, Alaska. Ku Russia, chokocha chakuda chimatha kupezeka m'malo otsalira kum'mwera.
"Okhala"
Mbidzi zam'madzi izi zimazolowera kwambiri kupita kumizinda kotero kuti zimatha kuwonekedwa likulu la Russia. Ganizirani mitundu ya nkhono ku Moscow, gawani zofala kwambiri - zopanda mtengo komanso nyanja. Posachedwa, anthu siliva awonekanso.
Malo okondedwa a madera amenewo ndi a Kopotni, Severny (pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wa Dmitrovsky), Nyanja ya Kiyovo. Kuphatikiza kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya chachilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa malo komwe mungapindule ndi zinyalala za chakudya. Poterepa, asodzi a m'nyanja adaganiza zoyenera kugwira ntchito ngati mbangazi.
Sizaya
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyo imalemera kuchoka pa 300 mpaka 550 g, simungathe kuyitcha yaying'ono - kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala ndi masentimita 46. Mapiko ake amafika ku 1.2 m. Pa nsonga za mapikowo amajambulidwa ndi zokongoletsera zakuda ndi zoyera. Pa mlomo wachikasu, wowongoka pang'ono, mulibe mawu ofiira amtundu wa siliva.
Imakhala osati zilumba zokha komanso madera ena, komanso imapezeka mumadzi aku Europe a Northasia ndi North America. M'nyengo yozizira, imasamukira kumpoto kwa Africa ndipo imagawidwa ndi madera ena mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, pomwe imabereka.
Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina mwanjira ya chakudya. Kuneneratu sikugwira ntchito, kumangokhutira ndi kukonzedwa. Koma zimatha kutenga nyama kuchokera pazovuta zina za koloni ina. Ndimakonda kudya zipatso.
Nyanja
Mbalame yodziwika bwino kwambiri yopezeka onse m'dzikoli. Mutha kuzindikira izi ndi thupi loyera komanso nape, mutu wakuda ndi mapiko amvi. Mithunzi imodzimodziyo yopenta ndi nthenga za mchira. Mapapu ndi mulomo woonda ndi ofiira kwambiri. Mbawala yam'madzi imadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yayikulu kapena yayitali - mapiko ena amafikira pamtunda wa mita. Wachikulire amalemera 350 g, ndipo thupi limakhala lalitali masentimita 40.
Khungu limakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mtunduwu umatha kupezeka m'mizinda yokhala ndimadzi ambiri. Tizilombo touluka tikhala mabango, timayikira mazira mu msambo wobiriwira. Anapiye osachedwa m'masiku 30 ali okonzeka kupanga zodziyimira pawokha.
Grey
Malo osungira anthu ambiri ndi South America (Peru, Chile). Alendo okhazikika pagombe la Pacific. Achibale awa amatha kutchedwa mbalame zapakati. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira pafupifupi masentimita 45, ndipo seagull amalemera pafupifupi 360-450 g.
Mbalameyi imalungamitsa dzina lake - mitundu yonse yazithunzithunzi. Kodi mawu osokoneza mawu ndi opepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Inde, nthawi yakukhwima, mutu umayera. Nthenga zake mchira umakhala m'mphepete ndi chingwe chakuda ndi choyera. Malasha achikuda amoto ndi mlomo, ndi mtundu wa bulauni.
Nyanja yofiyira
Dzinalo limatchulanso "chilolezo chokhala" - Gulf of Aden ndi gombe la Red Sea. Mutha kusilira kuthawa kwawo ku United Arab Emirates, Israel, Iran, Oman, Turkey.
Mbalame yaing'ono (43 cm kutalika ndi 1-1.2 m mapiko a mapiko) imayimilira chifukwa yayitali komanso ndiyabwino. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali yachikasu komanso mlomo wofiirira wakuda bii wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda.
Kumbuyo kuli ndi imvi. Mapewa ndi mapewa mumithunzi yopepuka. M'malo ena mumatha kuwona nthenga zoyera. Pa mapiko, mtundu wa imvi wotuwa pansi bwino umakhala wakuda m'mphepete.
Zonona zakuda nthawi yakukhwima zimaphimbanso mutu ndi khosi. Kuzungulira iris kwamdima kumawonekera bwino mzere wathunthu woyera. Kuchokera pamenepa, mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina lachiwiri - loyera.
Delaware
Gull uyu ndi nthumwi ya North America. Zisa zake zimapezeka kulikonse kuchokera kumadera apakati a dzikolo mpaka m'malire a Canada. M'nyengo yozizira, madera amayenda kum'mwera kwa Africa. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi kukula kwapakati - thupi la 41-49 masentimita ndi mapiko a 1-1.2 m. Thupi loonda limakongoletsedwa ndi mutu waukulu, wobzalidwa pakhosi lalifupi. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko oonda, aatali, okhala ndi phokoso komanso mchira wamfupi.
Pulogalamu yayikulu ya thupi - pansi loyera, laimvi. Chakuda chilipo pamwamba pa nthenga. Mu nthawi yakukhwima, mutu umasandulika woyera, mzere wamtundu wakuda umawonekera kumapeto kwa mlomo wachikasu. Utawaleza ndi mbalame za m'mimba zimakhalanso zachikasu. Palibe khungu lozungulira maso - khungu loyera limawoneka pamenepo.
WakuCalifornian
Uyu ndi munthu wina wokhala ku United States, wokhazikika ku Canada kupita ku Colorado ndi kum'mawa kwa California. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mabanja amapita kugombe la Pacific, komwe anapiye amawombedwa.
Kunja, mbalame yokhala ndi chitsulo chasiliva ndiyofanana pang'ono, koma imakhala ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wokulirapo. Mawamba ake ndi achikaso, ngati mtanda ndi mphete yakuda kumapeto. Nthenga pakhosi zimakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga a bulauni. Msana ndi kumtunda kwa mapiko ndi imvi. Ziwalo zina za thupi ndi zoyera ngati chipale.
Zabodza zoseketsa
Posachedwa, mauthenga adawonekera mawailesi omwe Ma ornithologists aku Ukraine amapanga mtundu wapadera wa nkhono. Palibe dzina kapena chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa. Chidziwitso chokha ndikuti mbalame zimakhala ndi poyizoni wakuthwa womwe umatha kuwongolera chitsulo. Poganizira zochitika zandale zaposachedwa, titha kuganiza kuti gulu lankhondo laku Ukraine lili ndi "zida zapamwamba za ndege" zomwe zitha kuwononga mlatho wa Crimea ndi zinyalala.
Kuseka kwamutu wakuda
Kuwona kwakukulu Kutalika mpaka 70 cm, ndipo kulemera kumatha kufika 2 kg. Kunja, zimawoneka ndi mutu wakuda, imvi kumbuyo, mapiko ndi thupi loyera. Mlomo wa lalanje wokhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda pamapeto. Pali malo oyera kuzungulira maso. Mbalame zazing'ono zosakwana zaka 3 zimawoneka mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a siliva.
Nkhunda yam'nyanja
Mbalamezi zimatalika mpaka 50 cm. Mutu wake ndi woyera, kumbuyo ndi mapiko ake ndi imvi. Pali nthenga zakuda pamapiko ndi mchira. Mapapu ndi ofiira. Amasiyana ndi mlomo wokoma kwambiri komanso wowonda.
Pachithunzichi ndi Khwangwala wa ku Nyanja, zikuwoneka kuti seagull iyi ikujambulidwa motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa Lencois Maranensesh.
Forktail Gull
Kutalika kwake, mtundu uwu wa seagull umafika mpaka masentimita 35. M'nyengo yakukhwima, mutu umapakidwa utoto wakuda, ndipo nthawi zabwinobwino imakhala yoyera. Pali nthenga zakuda mchira. Mlomo ulinso wakuda ndipo kumapeto kwake ndi kaso. Matata amdima. Kuwala koteroko kumakhala ku Arctic tundra.
Washer wonyamula miyendo yofiyira kapena Wolankhula wapamiyendo
Mtundu wa kuwalako ukufanana ndi wankhondo wamba, koma pali zosiyana. Choyamba, chingwe chokhala ndi miyendo yofiira chimakhala chocheperako kukula, miyendo imapakidwa utoto, kumtunda kwa mapiko kumakhala kodetsa nkhawa, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo imachita imvi m'malo moyera. Mlomo ndi waufupi. Mtunduwu walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
White seagull
Amakhala ku Arctic.Kukula mpaka kufika masentimita 45. Ziwamba zonse ndi zoyera. Mphete mozungulira maso ndi yofiyira, miyendo ndiyakuda, mulomo ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi maziko obiriwira.
Pamwambapo amatengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya nkhanu zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. M'malo mwake, pali mitundu yambiri yambiri ya nkhanu. Mwambiri, moyo wawo ndi machitidwe awo amafanana.
Ngati mumakonda izi, gawanani ndi anzanu pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Zikomo!
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mabulosi mu Russian Federation
Lake gull
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Kamnyanja kakang'ono koyera kooneka ndi mutu wakuda, kakhola koyera kumaso / pansi pamaso ndi msana waimvi. Mlomo wofiyira. Malangizo ndi zoyambira nthenga za mapikowo ndi zakuda. Pansi ndi zofanana. Akuluakulu osaberekera, palibe chizindikiro chakuda kumbuyo kwa diso ndi lingaliro lakuda pamlomo. Kukula kwachichepere ndikofanana ndi mbalame zachikulire popanga nyengo yozizira, koma zimakhala ndi mapiko amtundu wakuda ndi mchira wakuda.
p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->
Khungu laling'ono
p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri m'banjamo, yokhala ndi khungu laimvi kumtunda ndi nape yoyera, khosi, chifuwa, m'mimba ndi mchira. Mutu mpaka kumtondo wakuda. Pansi pamtunda pali mdima. Mlomo wake ndi wofiyira ndi nsonga yakuda. Mapapu ndi miyendo ndi lalanje-lalanje. Mbalameyo imawuluka mwachangu, ndikupanga mapiko akuya ndi mapiko.
p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->
Kuwala kwa Mediterranean
p, blockquote 35,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->
Chingwe choyera choyera ndi nthenga zowoneka bwino zaimvi pamwambapo, malo ofiira pakamwa kowala kwambiri, miyendo ndi miyendo zachikaso. Mchira wake ndi zoyera. Amayendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kukafunafuna chakudya kapena kupangira chakudya chosalowa m'madzi, kubera chakudya kuchokera kwa anthu kapena kusonkhanitsa malo okhala. Ntchentche, ndikupanga mapiko amphamvu. Nthawi zina chimazizira pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde amlengalenga.
p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->
Kuseka kwamutu wakuda
p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 39,1,0,0,0 ->
Chopepuka chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mutu woyera, kumtunda wakuda, pansi poyera thupi, mulomo wawonekedwe wachikasu wokhala ndi malo ofiira kumunsi, maso otuwa ndi mphete ya orbital ofiira, miyendo yapinki, miyendo. Kuuluka mwamphamvu ndi mapiko akuya, pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->
Nkhunda yam'nyanja
p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->
Gululi limapatsidwa mawonekedwe apadera:
p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->
- mlomo wodabwitsa komanso wokoma,
- pamphumi
- wotumbululuka iris
- Khosi lalitali,
- kusowa kwa nthenga zakuda pamutu.
Paziwonetseranso nyengo zowerengera, mawanga otuwa a pinki amapezeka m'malo otsika a thupi. Mtunduwu unkakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, koma mu 1960s adasamukira kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean.
p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->
Golide wonyezimira
p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->
Ichi ndi seagull yayikulu ndi:
p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->
- imvi yotuwa kumbuyo
- mapiko akuda
- mutu woyera, khosi, chifuwa, mchira ndi thupi lotsika.
Limbani chikasu ndi malo ofiira pafupi ndi nsonga, ma pie ofiira. Zakudya zimaphatikizapo:
p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->
- marine invertebrates,
- nsomba
- tizilombo.
Kuuluka kwawo ndikulimba, kumapangitsa mapiko akuya ndi mapiko, kuwuluka pamoto ndikutuluka. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi, pansi pake ndiwofanana.
p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->
Wachibale
p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->
Chingwe chaching'ono komanso chamtundu wakuda kumbuyo ndi mapiko. Mutu, khosi komanso thupi lotsika, chifuwa ndi mchira ndi zoyera. Mlomo wake ndi wachikaso wokhala ndi malo ofiira pafupi ndi nsonga. Mapikowo ali ndi nsonga zakuda ndi mawanga oyera, miyendo ndi miyendo yachikasu. Maso ndi achikaso ndi mphete za orbital ofiira.
p, blockquote 52,0,0,0,0 ->
Steppe Seagull (Kuseka)
p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbalame yayikulu yotchena yokhala ndi imaso yotuwa m'maso ndi yoyera yotsika. Mutu wake ndi wakuda ndipo ukuwoneka wokumbwa. Mlomo wawukulu ndi wofiyira wa coral, mbali zam'munsi zamapiko othawa ndi imvi, chingwe chachifupi choyera chimapangidwa pang'ono, miyendo imakhala yakuda. Kuuluka ndikuthamanga, mwachangu komanso mokongola. Kudumphadumpha pamadzi musanadutse. Amamadya kwambiri nsomba. Pansi ndi zofanana.
p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->
Polar gull
p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->
Chinsalu chachikulu, choyera, chofiirira, chakumiyira kumbuyo ndi mapiko. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi malo ofiira kumapeto kwa gawo lakumunsi. Malangizo a mapiko ake ndi amtundu wakuda. Mchira wake ndi woyera, miyendo ndi miyendo ndi pinki. Ntchentche, ndikupanga mapiko olimba kwambiri.
p, blockquote 58,0,0,1,0 ->
Nyanja
p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->
Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi:
p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->
- mutu woyera
- thupi lakuda lakuda
- mimba yoyera
- mlomo wachikasu waukulu wokhala ndi malo ofiira pansi,
- Maso akhungu ndi mphete ya orbital yofiyira,
- miyendo yapinki ndi miyendo.
Pothawa mwamphamvu, amapanga mapiko ozama, osapumira.
p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->
Grey gull
p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi thupi loyera m'munsi, kumbuyo kumaso, mabatani okhala ndi malangizo akuda. Mapapu ndi milomo yake ndi chikasu chobiriwira. Irises ndi ofiira amtundu wakuda, ozunguliridwa ndi mphete ya maso ofiira (mbalame zokhwima) kapena bulawuni wakuda ndi mphete ya maso ya bulauni (kukula kwamtundu).
p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->
Chiwonetsero chakuda
p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->
Mbalame yayikulu ndi:
p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->
- mutu woyera, khosi, chifuwa komanso thupi lotsika,
- Mapiko aatali ndi kumbuyo,
- mulomo wawukulu wachikasu wokhala ndi mphete yakuda pamutu pake,
- Maso achikaso achikaso ndi mphete yofiyira,
- nsapato zazifupi zachikasu ndi miyendo,
- mchira wakuda wamfupi wokongola wokhala ndi m'maso oyera.
Forktail Gull
p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 70,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Kamwana kakang'ono ndi
p, blockquote 71,0,0,0,0 ->
- imvi
- nape yoyera komanso thupi lotsika.
Mutu pafupi ndi mulomo ndi wakuda, mphete yozungulira maso ndi yakuda. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda ndi nsonga yachikasu, miyendo ndi miyendo yakuda. Pamwamba pamapiko pali imvi ndi nthenga zakuda zoyambirira ndi zoyera. Mchira wake umapangidwa pang'ono ndikapindidwa.
p, blockquote 72,0,0,0,0 ->
Wankhondo wamba
p, blockquote 73,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 74,0,0,0,0 ->
Chingwe choyera komanso chapakatikati, nthenga zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mwamba zamapiko ndizotuwa, nsonga za mapikowo ndi zakuda. Mlomo ndi wachikasu, miyendo ndi miyendo yakuda. Imawuluka mwachangu, mokongola, imagwirizananso ndi mapiko angapo ofupikira akuuluka ndikuuluka. Kuguba pamwamba pamadzi musanayambe kugwada pansi. Amadyanso ma invertebrates apamadzi, plankton ndi nsomba. Pansi pake pakuwoneka ofanana.
p, blockquote 75,0,0,0,0 ->
Wankhondo wokhala ndi miyendo yofiira
p, blockquote 76,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 77,0,0,0,0 -> p, blockquote 78,0,0,0,0,1 ->
Kamtambo kakang'ono koyera komanso kamaso kaimvi ndi mapiko ake akuda, mulomo wawung'ono wachikasu ndi mawanga ofiira owala. Amadyanso nsomba zazing'ono, squid ndi zooplankton zam'madzi.