Newt | |||||
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Amuna a newt yovala wamba komanso yovala matching | |||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Subfamily: | Pleurodelinae |
Onani: | Newt |
- Lacerta vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758
- Lacerta aquatica Linnaeus, 1758
- Lacerta palustris Linnaeus, 1758
- Triton palustris Laurenti, 1768
- Triton parisinus Laurenti, 1768
- Salamandra exigua Laurenti, 1768
- Gecko triton Meyer, 1795
- Gecko aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Salamandra taeniata Schneider, 1799
- Salamandra palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Salamandra abdominalis Latreille, 1800
- Salamandra punctata Latreille, 1800
- Lacerta triton Retzius, 1800
- Salamandra elegans Daudin, 1803
- Molge punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Molge palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Molge cinerea Merrem, 1820
- Triton taeniatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Lacerta taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triton abdominalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triton aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triton punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Molge taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Salamandra vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Salamandra lacepedii Andrzejowski, 1832
- Triton exiguus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Lissotriton punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Lophinus punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triton laevis Higginbottom, 1853
- Pyronicia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Molge vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Gekko anayesa Schreiber, 1912
- Triton hoffmanni Szeliga-Mierzeyewksi ndi Ulasiewicz, 1931
- Lophinus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Newt (lat. Lissotriton vulgaris) - mitundu yodziwika bwino yazatsopano kuchokera ku mtundu wa zatsopano (Lissotriton) dongosolo la ampudate amphibians. Mtunduwu udafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1758 ndi wolemba zachilengedwe ku Sweden a Karl Linnaeus.
Zomwe zimawoneka ngati za newt: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe achidule
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa kwambiri: kutalika konse sikumapitirira 10 cm, ndi pafupifupi 5 cm pamchira uliwonse. Miyendo imakulitsidwa bwino, chimodzimodzi m'litali. Khungu limakhala losalala kapena lambiri.
Mtundu wa kumbuyo ndi wobiriwira wa maolivi kapena bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga amdima, mbali yamkatiyo ndi lalanje wokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Kuchokera ku zatsopano zina, wamba zimasiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yamdima yakuda pambali ya mutu.
Mu nthawi yakusamba, nthawi ya msambo, anyani amphongo amavala zovala zapadera - mtundu wakumbuyo umakhala wowala, ndipo kuchokera kumapeto kwa mchira wawo wamkulu wopendekera wokhala ndi malire a lalanje ndi mzere wamtambo wa buluu umakula. Pa zala zakumiyendo zamiyendo zamiyendo zopamira. Mitundu ya akazi panthawiyi imakhalanso yowonjezereka.
Nyengo ya kubereka itatha, mbewa yamphongo imagwa ndipo zatsopano zimasinthira kukhala moyo wamoyo.
Kufotokozera
Ortinary newt ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya zatsopano, kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 7 mpaka 11 cm, kuphatikizapo mchira, womwe ndi theka la kutalika kwathunthu kwa thupi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, makamaka kukula kwake kumawonekera nthawi yakukhwima. Komanso nthawi imeneyi, amuna achizolowezi wamba amatha kuoneka ngati akhungu. Nthawi yonseyi, amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.
Khungu limakhala losalala kapena loyesedwa pang'ono. Mtundu wakuda ndi wonyezimira kapena wamafuta, m'mimba ndi wachikasu kapena lalanje lowoneka ndi malo amdima, amuna amakhala ndi khungu lakuda.
Chizindikiro cha newt wamba ndizovala zazitali zakuda kudutsa m'maso mbali zonse za mutu kuposa malo ena. Zatsopano zatsopano nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi ma nitrous tritons (Lissotriton helveticus), ndizotheka kudziwa mosazindikira kuti mitunduyi ilipo chifukwa cha malo amdima pakhosi - sizikupezeka mu newt yokhala ndi nitrite. Chikhulupiriro cha newt chopanda kanthu chilibe kanthu m'munsi mwa mchira, mosiyana ndi newstststst.
Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe ndichilengedwe mpaka zaka 6 ndi pafupi zaka 20 ali mu ukapolo.
Habitat
Newt wamba wafalikira kuchokera ku England kupita ku Altai, kuchokera ku Tyumen kumwera kwa dera la Saratov. Sili ku Crimea kokha, kumwera kwa France, ku Spain ndi Portugal.
Amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma ndi zosakanizika, zitsamba, m'nthambi zoteteza, komanso m'mapaki ndi m'minda. Popewa malo otseguka: minda yayikulu, mead, etc. Chapakatikati, nthawi yakuswana, newt amakhala m'madzi osakhalitsa kapena opanda madzi komanso osakhalitsa.
Njira Yachikhalidwe Chatsopano
Kwa chaka chathunthu, zinthu zatsopano zimakhala m'malo otentha a m'nkhalango, zitsamba. M'malo osungira (nyanja zazing'ono, akulu, dziwe, zimbudzi) zimunjikana mchaka, kuti zitheke. M'malo ena, amatha nthawi yayitali yonse nyengo yotentha mumadziwe, kutuluka kokha pamtunda, kusanadze.
M'malo osungira, nthawi yakubereketsa, zatsopano zimagwira tsiku lonse. Amadyetsa, kusambira, kudzipereka mofunitsitsa pamwamba pa madzi, kumamatira ku mbewu. Kunja kwa nyengo yakubzala, ndizosatheka kuwona newt masana, pokhapokha mvula yatentha. Pakadali pano, amakhala otakataka komanso usiku, akatuluka kukadyetsa.
Zomwe zimapangidwira chakudya cham'madzi amtunduwu ndizosiyana kwambiri munthawi yamadzi am'madzi komanso padziko lapansi. Pokhala moyo wam'madzi, zatsopano zimadya mphutsi za udzudzu, chinjoka, zikumbu zosambira, mapira am'madzi, crustaceans apansi, nsomba za caviar ndi achule. Amakhala pamtunda, amadyera milu, mavu, miluza, milong, ndi tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala komanso momwe nyengo iliri, atsopano amapita kukazizira mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Zimakhazikika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 3-5 ndikuwunjika pamulu wa masamba okugwa, kamakungwa ka makoswe ndi timadontho, nthawi zina zimakwawira m'chipinda chotsekera nyumba ndi nyumba. Mtunda wochoka kumalo osambira nthawi yachisanu kupita kumalo osungira pafupi nthawi zambiri samaposa mamita 50-100, m'malo osowa mpaka 500m.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Kumayambiriro koyambira, kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Epulo, ma newts amapita m'matupi amadzi. Mitundu yatsopano imakonda kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kochepa. Nthawi zina nthumwi zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'madzi omwe amaphimbidwa ndi ayezi.
Pafupifupi mutangodzuka, newts zimayamba kuchulukana. Maonekedwe a zatsopano nthawi yamkaka ikusintha - mtundu wa akazi umakhala wowala, abambo kumbuyo chakumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira amakhala ndi chiwonetsero chowoneka bwino kapena chosagwedezeka nthawi zambiri, olemera m'matumbo a capillary komanso amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lowonjezera la kupuma. Ntchito yomweyo imachitika ndi nembanemba pamiyendo. Chingwe cha buluu chimayambira pansi pa mzere.
Wamphongo amakopa chidwi chachikazi ndi miyambo yachilendo - amasunthira ngati kavalo. Kusangalatsa chachikazi, iye amatulutsa kavalo, komwe iye amatola kamphika. Feteleza limapezeka mkati mwa thupi la mkazi.
Pakupita masiku angapo, zazikazi zimayikira mazira paokha, pafupifupi mazira 10 patsiku, panthawi yakubzala, mazira mazana angapo (malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 60 mpaka 700). Kukula kwa mazira ndikuchokera 2 mpaka 3 mm, mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira. Dzira lililonse limakhala lophatikizana ndi masamba a zomera zamadzi.
Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena itatu (kutengera kutentha kwa madzi), mphutsi za kukula kwa theka la sentimita zimawonekera. Mphutsi zimadya udzudzu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wakale wa Newt, kupuma m'mapapo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi ma gills akunja. Nthawi zambiri, mphutsi zimakumana ndi gawo la metamorphosis kumapeto kwa chilimwe, koma pali zochitika pamene mphutsi zimakhalabe m'malo osungira mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira, komanso milandu ya chitukuko chaubweya.
Ma triton achichepere amatha kusungunula kangapo nthawi yotentha. Kuchita usiku, kubisala masana.
Kutha msanga mu newt kumachitika pazaka zitatu. Zisanu, atsopano amatenga nthawi yobisalira masamba obisika, mabowo, zipinda zapansi.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi, mawonekedwe a ana
Chakumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, zatsopano zimasiya malo ogonera nthawi yozizira ndikusamukira kumadzi. M'madziwe, amayamba masewera ophatikiza. Njirayi ikuyandikira, nthawi zambiri yamphongo imakhudza mchira wa mkazi. Kenako amayamba kusambira, kwinaku akugwirana mwamphamvu, kenako nkumachoka. Wamphongo akugwedeza mchira wake molimba, mkazi amakhala akukulira. Pomaliza, amaika paketi ya gelatinous - spermatophore, yomwe mkaziyo amagwira mu cesspool.
Pa nthawi yonse yobereka, yaikazi imayikira mazira 60 mpaka 700. Amayika dzira lililonse papepala lomwe limamizidwa ndikukhotera kumapeto ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndikusintha kukhala "kachikwama". Chipolopolo cha dzira chimakhala chomata, ndipo tsamba lozunguliralo limagwira mwamphamvu, kuteteza mazira.
Pafupifupi masiku 14-15, mphutsi zodetsedwa za 6.5 mm kutalika kuchokera mu dzira. M'mphepete mwa mutu wake, m'maso mwake muli nthenga zowoneka, ndipo pansi pake miyendo yakutsogolo idalembedwa pang'ono. Masana, mphutsi zimafa ndi njala, kubisala pakati pazomera zam'madzi. Patsiku lachiwiri, kusowa kwa kamwa kumayamba mwa iye ndipo amayamba kudyetsa, kufunafuna mapira, ma cyclops, ndi mphutsi za udzudzu. Mphutsi za newt sizisaka nyama, koma ziyembekezereni kuti zibisalire.
Mphutsi za newt zokhala ndi ma pinki obiriwira ochokera ku ma gills akunja ndizokongola kwambiri. Pakatha milungu itatu, ali ndi miyendo iwiri komanso kunja akufanana ndi zatsopano. Kukonzanso kwawo kwamkati sikulinso kofunika kwambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, metamorphosis imatha miyezi 2-2,5. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, mapilitsi akunja amachoka, kupuma kwamapapu kumayamba. Kumpoto kwa madera kapena nthawi yozizira, mphutsi zamtundu wakunja zimapita kukazizira ndikumaliza metamorphosis kasupe wotsatira.
Ma tritons nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi - amakhala bwino mu ukapolo ndipo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 28! Mwachilengedwe, amakhala mndandanda wa kukula kochepera - pafupifupi zaka 10 mpaka 14, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa m'malo awo okhala ndi adani ambiri.
Kuteteza zachilengedwe
Buku Lofiyira la Russia chiwerengero chikuchepa | |
Onani Zambiri Newt patsamba la IPEE RAS |
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zatsopano zachilengedwe ndikuwonongeka komanso kubisika kwa matupi amadzi - malo achilengedwe amtunduwu. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Switzerland mu 1950s, pafupifupi 70% ya malo obisalamo omwe adatulutsa, chifukwa chake pofika 1972 kuchuluka kwa wamba ku Switzerland kudatsika kanayi.
Masanjidwe
Pakadali pano, maumwini 7 a newt wamba amawonedwa ponseponse [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926 ] :
- Lissotriton vulgaris ampelensis Fuhn, 1951 - Ampel Newt, kapena Grape Triton [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], wopezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Romania. Dorsal crest ndi yotsika, mpaka 2 mm mm kutalika kwakukulu pamalo pakati kumbuyo.
- Lissotriton vulgaris graecus - Areca wamba newt [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], Inakhala m'dera la Greece (kuphatikiza zilumba za Ionia), Albania, Macedonia, ndikupezeka ku Bulgaria.
- Lissotriton vulgaris kosswigi - Kosswig Common Triton [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], Mumakhala gombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Black Sea (Turkey).
- Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi - Ordinary Newt Lanza [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], Mumakhala gombe lakummawa kwa Nyanja Yakuda - madera akumwera kwa Russia, Georgia, kumpoto kwa Armenia, Azerbaijan. Imapezeka ku Russia ku Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories, ku Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia ndi North Ossetia.
- Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis - Southern Common Newt [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], Dwell kumwera kwa Switzerland, kumpoto kwa Italy, Slovenia.
- Lissotriton vulgaris schmidtlerorum - Schmidtler Common Triton [gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1926], Yopezeka kumadzulo kwa Turkey.
- Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris ndi gulu lolemba mayina, lili ndiwofalikira kwambiri pamitundu yonse yatsopano yatsopano - kuchokera ku Ireland kupita ku Western Siberia. Ku Russia, mabungwewa amakhala kumadera akumadzulo kwa dzikolo, kuphatikizapo Karelia ndi Caucasus. Amasiyana ndi ma subspecies ena ndi chikopa chapamwamba komanso chodumphika, chofika kutalika kwambiri m'dera la cloaca. Mapeto a mchira akuwonetsedwa.
Sparkling newt (Pleurodeles waltli) kapena nthiti.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ma tubercles angapo mbali mbali ya thupi lake mbali iliyonse, ndipo malekezero ake okhala nthiti amatuluka kunja. Khungu limakhala ndi miyala yambiri. Palibe chikhulupiriro chotsutsa. Mtundu wake ndi wa bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga obiriwira kumbuyo. Mimba yokhala ndi mbewa zokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima. M'mphepete mwa thupi muli mawanga ofiira ofiira ozungulira malembowo. Kutalika kwa 20-23 cm, pang'ono kuposa theka lomwe limagwera mchira.
Kugawidwa ku Spain, Portugal, Morocco, komwe amakhala m'madziwe, m'madziwe, mumadzi. Amakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi komanso wapadziko lapansi, koma umadziwika kuti newt, womwe umatha kusiya zaka zambiri. Ngakhale ali aang'ono kwambiri, atakwanitsa kufika hafu ya kukula kwa nyama yayikulu, zazikazi za ku Spain zatsopano zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi zazimuna m'mutu mwawo "lalikulu".
Zoweta muFebruary - Marichi ndipo chachiwiri mu Julayi - Ogasiti, kuyikira mazira pafupifupi 1000 mu nthawi ziwiri za kubereka. Zachikazi zimaphatikiza mazira ndi mbewu mu mawonekedwe amake amfupi. Kutentha kwa zopezekazo ndi madigiri 23-26. Imakhala bwino m'mizinda yam'madzi; pali nthawi zina pomwe ma newp omwe amakhala ngati ali ndi ukapolo adakwanitsa zaka 20.
Triton Karelin (Triturus karelinii)
Triturus karelinii
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira mpaka 130 mm mwa amuna ndi 135 mm mwa akazi. Khungu limakhala loyipa, loyera. Pamtambo wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda, nthawi zina wokhala ndi malo oyera. Mimba yake ndi ya chikasu lalanje lokhala ndi mawanga akulu akuda; anthu omwe ali ndi m'mimba pafupi ndi malo ophatikizika amapezeka.
Mosiyana ndi chachikazi, yamphongo imakhala ndi matalala, nsonga zokhala ndi mphonje komanso chingwe choyera m'miyala yakumunsi. Yaikazi imakhala ndi mzere wamtambo wachikaso pansi pa mchira, m'mphepete mwa msewuwo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mzere wachikasu. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Balkan Peninsula, ku Crimea, Asia Minor, Caucasus ndi North. Iran. Ku Russia, imapezeka pang'onopang'ono kumapiri a Krasnodar Territory.
Khalani m'madzi kumatenga mwezi wa March mpaka June, anthu pawokha atha kukhala m'madziwe chaka chonse. Kutentha kwa zopezekazo ndi madigiri 15-25. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika mwa zaka 3-4 za moyo. Chiwerengero cha amuna achimuna poyerekeza ndi azimayi omwe amakhala m'malo otsika pafupifupi 2: 1. Mu clutch pali mazira 150-300 amtundu wobiriwira, ndi mainchesi mpaka 4 mm. Kukula kwa Embryonic ndi larval masiku 80-150. Nyengo panyanja komanso pamadzi.
Gawo lapadziko lapansi lamoyo watsopano watsopano limayamba nyengo yakukhwima itatha, ndipo makolo, kuyikira mazira, kusiya maiwe. Monga lamulo, owonda ochepa a terrarium amazindikira kuti kukhala m'madzi panthawiyi ndizovulaza kwa zatsopano komanso zakufa kwa zatsopano.
Chinyama chikumangidwanso, "ndikusintha" ndi nthaka, ndipo ngati zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa.
Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukonza ma amphibians, malo okhala ndi madzi opanda dziwe lakuya kwambiri komanso malo okwanira amafunikira (m'chiyerekezo cha 1/1). Ngati mungaganize zongokhala zatsopano osati nthawi yamadzi okha, ndiye kuti, kuyambira chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, dziwe lidzakhala lopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti mutha kuyika nsomba zam'madzi kumeneko.
Ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi zochuluka zam'madzi am'madzi (mwachitsanzo, Canada Elodea), pamasamba omwe masamba atsopano amatha kuyikira mazira. Zomera zopanga sizili zoyenera, monga zazikazi zimangokhala ndi mazira a galasi, komanso kukulunga m'mbali mwa tsamba. Nthaka imalimbikitsidwanso kukongola malo, koma pamenepa, kukwera mitengo yobzalidwa mumiphika yolongedwera kumakoma kuli koyenera kwambiri. Popeza atsopano mu magawo awo a dziko lapansi amakhala ndi moyo wamasiku obisika ndipo amabisala kwa tsiku limodzi pansi pa moss kapena m'malo ena amdima, ikani ma sphagnum ndi shards zingapo zokongoletsera pansi.
Zonse ziwiri m'madzi ndi pamtunda, zatsopano zimadya ma invertebrates. Koma ngati dziwe chakudya chawo chachikulu chikakhala mphutsi, mapira, ma cyclops, ndi zina, pamtunda - lazgs, nyongolotsi ndi mphutsi za tizilombo touluka. Komabe, pansi pa malo otetemera, anthu am'mapiri amatha kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi za udzudzu ngakhale pamalo a dziko lapansi. Mkhalidwe wofunikira pankhaniyi: kudyetsa kuyenera kusuntha. Monga lamulo, nyongolotsi zamagazi kapena ziphuphu zimayikidwa mu chodyetsa ndi chonyowa pang'ono.
Chonde yesani kutola zatsopano pang'ono momwe mungathere. Samalani kutentha kwa zomwe zili! Ma tritons ndi amphibians, ndipo kutentha kwawo kwa thupi ndi gawo limodzi kapena awiri okha osiyana ndi kutentha komwe kumakhalako. Chifukwa chake, polumikizana ndi khungu laumunthu, zatsopano zimatha kutentha.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zatsopano zimatha kubwezeretsanso ziwalo zotayika za thupi: ma crests, zala, michira, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale miyendo yonse. Pafupifupi, kupulumuka kwa nyama zam'madzi zoterezi kwadziwika kalekale kwa asayansi; zatsopanozi zimakhalabe ndi moyo ngakhale zitakhala oundana kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, izi siziri chifukwa choti tisamakhudze anthu amoyo. Pangani nyengo yabwino kwa iwo, ndipo muwona kuti zatsopano ndizosangalatsa, zokongola, komanso zopanda pake.
New Guinea Sulfur-crested Cockatoo Moyo Wachilengedwe
Zatsopano zimasungidwa m'thumba lalikulu ndi yaying'ono. Amadyetsa, monga lamulo, pamwamba pa mitengo, koma nthawi zina amapezanso chakudya pansi. Gulu la nkhosalo likamadyera pamalo otseguka, anthu awiri amodzi amakhala ngati alonda, omwe amachenjeza mbalame zina zikavuta ndikuwuluka.
Akuluakulu a New Guinea Cockatoo amadya nthangala, mtedza, masamba, maluwa, mizu, zipatso, tizilombo ndi mphutsi.
Nthawi yoswana mu newts imachitika mu Marichi-Ogasiti. Amapanga zisa m'maenje a mitengo yayitali yomwe imamera pafupi ndi madzi. Mu clutch 2-3 mazira. Makulitsidwe amakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Kutalikirana pakati pa dzira kugona ndi tsiku limodzi. Makolo onse awiriwa amawaswa.Nthochi zimatuluka chisa miyezi itatu, koma kwa milungu inayi zimadyetsedwa ndi makolo awo. Kutha msamba wachikasu kutulutsa thukuta kumachitika zaka 3-5.
Mverani mawu a tambala watsopano
Adani a tambala wamkulu wachikasu ndi mbalame zamphongo ndi abuluzi. Nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo wachilengedwe imaposa zaka 40.
Newt cockatoo amawononga mbewu zolimidwa. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XVIII ku Europe, cockatoos adachita circus.
Mukamadyetsa malo otseguka, tambala amatenga gawo la alonda, kutulutsa kamphamvu mlengalenga pakakhala ngozi.
Kwa oyamba kumene, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa zatsopano; obereketsa nkhuku odziwa okha omwe amatha kupirira nawo. Amasungidwa m'makina achitsulo ndi maloko abwino. Kukula kwa kakhomo sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera 4x2x2 mita.
Wodyetsa ndi mbale yothira amatsuka tsiku lililonse. Zidole ndi mitengo zimatsukidwa zikakhala zodetsedwa. Mwezi uliwonse, aviary amatetezedwa. Kuyeretsa kwathunthu kumachitika kamodzi pachaka. Ngati ndi kotheka, bweretsani mitengoyo, makwerero ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo.
Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi nthambi za eucalyptus kapena nthambi za zipatso mu aviary kuti tambala ya nthochiyo izitha kukulitsa mulomo.
Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa dziwe mu aviary kapena kupopera mbalame kuchokera ku botolo lothira tsiku lililonse.
Tambala amapatsa nthangala, kaloti, ma cherries, mapeyala, maapulo, zinanazi, nthochi, zipatso, mapichesi, nkhuyu, mphukira za tchire, masamba a dandelion, beets, sipinachi, letesi, mkaka.
Tizilombo tatsopano tating'onoting'ono ndi tizirombo ta zobzala.
Zakudya zatsopanozi siziyenera kukhala ndi avocado, nandolo, kabichi, khofi, mandimu, sorelo, mphesa, parsley, chokoleti, plums, zakudya zamkaka, nyama yokazinga ndi mchere.
Ma cookatoos achikulire amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, ndipo kudya koyamba kumayenera kuchitika pa 5-6 m'mawa. Nthawi yakuswana, zipatsozi zimapatsidwa nthangala, mpunga wozungulira, chimanga cha mkaka, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, ndi mphutsi za tirigu. Ndipo momwe amachitira amathandizira mtedza, ma hazelnuts ndi walnuts.
Madzi amathiridwa mumbale yolemera, yokhazikika ndikusinthidwa ndikamayipitsidwa. Chakudyacho chikuyenera kukhala ndi zowonjezera mchere: mazira, laimu, chipolopolo cha cuttlefish komanso choko choyera.
Nyumba zatsopano zazikulu za ku Guinea zakuwala zachikasu zimapezeka m'maenje amitengo yayitali yomwe ikulira pafupi ndi madzi.
Ndi mitundu iti yazinthu zatsopano zomwe zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba
- triton yayikulu kwambiri ya yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa kunyumba. Itha kumera kutalika kwa 18 cm.Mitundu yake yayikulu ndi mtundu wa bulauni-wakuda, madontho aang'ono a lalanje pamimba ndi chisa choyambirira. Khungu la amphibian uyu amaphimbidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatha kupanga chinthu chowopsa chomwe chimathandizira kudziteteza kwa adani. Kotero chiweto choterocho sichotetezeka kwa ena onse okhala m'madzimo.
Woyimira wina wabanjali, wokhoza kuvulaza osati oyandikana nawo omwe amakhala m'madzimo, komanso ndi mwini wake, - wokhala ndi nthiti
. Pafupi ndi thupi lake pali ma tubercles a lalanje lalitali - nthiti. Amateteza amphibian pangozi. Ngati mutagwira mwadzidzidzi ndi manja anu, nthitizo zimatambalala ndipo munthu wosasamala amatha kuvulala.
Wachibale wokongola kwambiri - alpine newt
. Ili ndi mtundu wowala, wosazolowereka: lalanje, buluu wowala, mikwingwirima ya buluu wamtambo ndi madontho amtundu wamtunduwu imapangitsa kukhala ngati "pikoko" pakati pa zatsopano.
Mikhalidwe yolerera
Ma tritons mu aquarium yakunyumba amaswana mosavuta, koma adani akuluakulu a mwachangu ˜ ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Nawonso, atsopano sakhala ndi chidwi chodya nsomba. Triton amayi oyembekezera ndiwabwino kubzala kupatukana aquariumwobzalidwa kwambiri ndi algae, ndipo mutayikira mazira, mubwerere ku aquarium. Ana amatenga pakatha masabata awiri. Koma mitundu yaanthu wamkulu imangotengedwa pazaka ziwiri zokha. Mutha kungowagawira nsomba zomwe zingafanane kuti mupewe sewero.
Khalidwe Latsopano
Jogoo wamkulu wachikasu wakuwala wachikasu amasinthika mosavuta. Ziweto zimafunika kukhala pafupifupi maola awiri pa tsiku. Ngati mbalameyo ilibe chidwi, imangofuula ndikutulutsa nthenga zake.
Amafunikira kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe, kotero zoseweretsa zambiri ziyenera kukhala m'khola: masitepe, mitengo, zingwe, kusunthika ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zoseweretsa zatsopano kamodzi pa sabata.
Ngakhale anthu ena amatha kuchita nsanje, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochezeka.
Awa ndi mbalame zoyimba, akufuna kuyang'anira mbuye wawo. Ali ndi mawu amphamvu komanso akulu, akufuula makamaka m'mawa kwambiri. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, iwo amakwiya.
Ndani kuyika mu aquarium ndi newt
Kukhazikitsa zatsopano mumtchire momwemo ndi nsomba ndi nkhono sichinthu chabwino. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuti mkulu wa zipatsozi amayenda pamtunda nthawi ndi nthawi, amakondanso kudya nsomba zatsopano, ndipo amatha kudya anzawo. Inde, ndipo zatsopanozi zimakonda madzi ozizira, pafupifupi madigiri 20, ndipo nsomba ngati zimenezo zimawotha - pafupifupi 25 digiri.
Koma ngati musankha anthu okhala mu malo am'madzi moyenera, ndizotheka kupanga "hostel" momwemo, momwe nsomba ndi ma amphibi ambiri amakhalamo bwino. Agalu, ma neon kapena makadinala akhoza kukhalanso ndi zatsopanozi, koma ndikofunikira kukonzekera kuti amphibians ayamba kuukira nsomba. Oyandikana nawo abwino kwa zatsopano ndi nsomba zagolide. Ndizazikulu kwambiri, motero zidzakhala zovuta kuzimeza. Inde, ndipo nsomba zokha sizigwira nkhosayo. Tritons adzadyadi nkhono zazing'ono, koma zazikulu zimapulumuka, ngakhale zizikhala zikuwukiridwa nthawi zonse.
Kuswana newt cockatoo
Pokonzekera awiriwo kuti aziswana, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina zonsezo. Kuti achepetse kupsa mtima kwa amuna nthawi yankhokwe, adadula mapiko awo.
Popewa kusamvana pakati pa gulu la agalu, malowedwe awiri amapangidwa m'nyumba yodyerayo.
Nyumba yanyengo imamangidwa ndi matabwa kapena plywood multilayer, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chopondapo chopondera. Kukula kwa nyumba yocheperako kuzikhala masentimita 100x40x40. Chinyezi mu chisa chimasungidwa pa 70-80%, ndipo kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 37.
Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 28-30. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye. Kuletsa kuyamwa kwa achinyamata kumachitika miyezi itatu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zodziwika bwino
Zatsopano ku aquarium sizachilendo masiku ano. Ngakhale ankakonda kukhala ndi moyo waulere komanso wodziyimira pawokha, anaphunzira mosavuta kukhala mu ukapolo ndipo sanataye chuma chawo. Nyumba yam'madzi yomwe amakhala ndi yoyambirira komanso yabwino, ndipo moyo wa momwemo umakopa chidwi cha onse, kupatula.
Pokhala nthumwi za dongosolo la ophibians osokoneza, woletsa madzi pamadzi ali ndi mawonekedwe:
- Kukula mpaka 10-12 cm,
- Mtundu woyambirira (kuchokera ku bulawuni wamafuta mpaka maolivi) wokhala ndi chikasu chowoneka ngati chikasu kapena lalanje ndi mawanga akuda,
- Pamutu pali mikwingwirima yayitali yakuda kwambiri ikupita mozungulira maso,
- Khungu limakhala losalala kapena loyera.
- Kutalika (pafupifupi theka la kutalika konse) mchira,
- Chisa chotchulidwa mwaimuna, kuyambira kumutu kupita kum mchira, makamaka pa nthawi yakuswana,
- Manja anayi okhala ndi zala zophatikizana chimodzimodzi.
Pali anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri, kuwapatsa mtundu wa mesmerizing aura. Kenako aliyense yemwe adawona, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa m'mimba owala lalanje kumbuyo kwa malo owala ndi mzere wosiyana, adzakumbukira nthawi zonse momwe mawonekedwe amaonekera.
Komwe mungasungire chatsopano m'nyumba: timakumbutsanso aquarium
Chinthu chabwino kuti akhazikitse chatsopano mu aquaterrarium
koma akatswiri odziwa bwino za pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri amakonzanso ma aquariums omwe adalowetsedwa m'nyumba yatsopano. Ndiwosavuta. Aliyense amadziwa kuti Newts amafunikira mtundu wa "zilumba" zamtunda. Mutha kupanga iwo ndikuyika nthambi, miyala, matabwa pansi pa pansi pa aquarium. Afalitseni kuti nthaka ipangike pomwe omwe amphamba amatha kukwawa kuti apume.
Triton imodzi yamoyo wabwinobwino imafunika pafupifupi malita 15 amadzi, ndipo chifukwa choti newt imafunanso "gombe" lowuma kuti mupumule, muyenera kugula malo okhala ndi madzi osachepera 30 malita. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti munthu wina akangowoneka ngati “wokhala” m'modzi, nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti achite nawo kampani, motero ndibwino kupeza buku lalikulu kuposa momwe zimafunikira pakadali pano. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lachitetezo cham'madzi cha newt. Amphutsi amenewa amakonda kuthawa, ngati simufuna kuwona chiweto chanu chitafa tsiku limodzi, ndibwino osanyalanyaza chivindikiro.
Pansi pa malo ophera madzi amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi louma, popeza triton imatha kumeza nthaka yosaya, miyala yamiyala iyenera kusankhidwa yozungulira, yopingasa. Kukhala ndi algae mu aquarium ndikofunikira osati kukongola kokha, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisala mazira m'masamba a mbewu, koma akatswiri ena am'madzi amakongoletsa zatsopanozi ndi algae yokumba.
Zomera zamoyo zimafuna kukakamizidwa mokakamizidwa. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa nyali ya fluorescent yomwe singadzaze madzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu aquaterrarium ndi nyali ya ultraviolet. Zimangopereka kuwala komanso mkati mwa maora 12 mumapanga ma radiation ofunikira a ultraviolet, komanso sikuwonjezera madzi.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi kunyamulidwa ndi newts ndi 22 °. Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba, kumatha kuvulaza kwambiri amphibians. Potentha kwambiri, akatswiri amalangizanso kuzizira kwamadzi, mwachitsanzo, chidebe cha ayezi chitha kutsitsidwa mu aquaterrarium.
Pa chithunzi pansipa - mitundu ya zatsopano (zazimuna ndi zazikazi). Zina mwa izo zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba. Mukawerenga mosamala, mupeza kuti ndizotheka kusunga ma newts ambiri mu aquarium imodzi.
Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa zosefera mu malo am'madzi, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, musinthe pafupifupi 20% yamadzi sabata iliyonse. Izi zimathandizira kupewa matenda a triton omwe angayambike chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala ndi zinyalala za chakudya za ku amphibian.
Pazomwe zimakhala zatsopano kunyumba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala ndi madzi. Komabe, malo oyenera atha kupangidwanso mu aquarium wamba. Kuti muchite izi, pakati pa madzi muyenera kupanga zisumbu zamtunda momwe wozizira amatha kupuma. Zilumba zabwino zitha kubwera kuchokera kumabodi, nthambi kapena pamiyala yamiyala.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa munthu m'modzi ndi malita 15. Ngati ziweto zingapo zigawana ma aquarium nthawi imodzi, voliyumu yofunikayo iyenera kuwerengedwa ndi malire, popeza ma amphibians amakonda malo. Madzi mu aquarium akuyenera kufanana ndi kuuma kwa 10-12 dGH, acidity osaposa 8 ph ndi kutentha kwa 21-22 ° C.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa munthu m'modzi watsopano ndi 15 malita
Kwa kuswana zatsopano mu aquarium ziyenera kuyikidwa algae. Mwa iwo, akazi azitha kuyikira mazira. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zamoyo ndizomwe zimapereka mthunzi wofunikira. Kuti algae ikhale ndi kuwala kokwanira, ndikofunikira kukonza zowunikira. Popeza ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa amphibians kuti madzi asathere, magetsi okhawo a ultraviolet kapena fluorescent angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati magetsi.
Nthaka ikhoza kuikidwa pansi pa pansi pa aquarium. Koma chisamaliro chikuyenera kutengedwa kuti ndi chokulirapo, mwinanso newt imatha kumeza. Kuphatikiza apo, miyala yoyala ndiyofunika kukhala yosalala komanso yozungulira. Chofunikira chomwe muyenera kusamalira pasadakhale ndi chivindikiro pamadzi kuti pet sangatuluke.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti newts imatha kukhala ndi nthawi yopuma. Zimayamba kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambilira ndipo zimatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. A Amphibians amapeza okha malo abwino ndipo amakhala osagwira nthawi yonse yachisanu. Munthawi imeneyi, chepetsani kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium mpaka 15 ° C.
Pankhani yokonza, zovala zaku China sizabwino, komabe, mawonekedwe ena ndi zomwe amafunikira kuti awasamalire akadakalipo.
Kwa zatsopano, ndikofunikira kusankha Aquarium yowonekera ndikuikonza bwino kuti nyamayo imve bwino komanso yotetezeka.
- Kukula kwake. Pa chiweto chimodzi, kuchuluka kwa malita 15-20 ndikokwanira.
- Kusefedwa. Zosefera ziyenera kupezeka.
- Kutentha. Amphibians amakhala ndi magazi ozizira, motero palibe chifukwa chofundira iwo. Kutentha kofika mpaka madigiri 23 Celsius ndizovomerezeka. Mukatentha, mutha kuziziritsa mpweya ndi fanizi kapena akasinja a ayezi.
- Kukongoletsa Ndikwabwino kuphimba pansi pamadzi ndi dothi lotalika pakatikati kuti nyama isameze. Monga pobisalira pamiyala ikuluikulu, mutha kupanga grotto. Gawo la coconut limagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazolinga izi. Chofunikira kukumbukira ndikuti miyala isakhale ndi ngodya zakuthwa kuti isavulaze newt.
- Zomera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewu zam'madzi zizikhala mu thanki kuti nyamayo imve kuyandikira pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Kusankha kwakukulu kungakhale anubias, moss, kabomba kapena mivi.
- Kuwala. Sikuti ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuyatsa, koma ngati mbewu zamoyo zikamera mu aquarium, ndibwino kugula nyali. Nthawi yomweyo, sikulimbikitsidwa kutentha madzi ndi kuwala. Kutentha mopitirira muyeso kumakhala kowopsa kwa amphibians awa.
WERENGANI Chow Chow: malongosoledwe amtundu, machitidwe, miyezo, momwe mungadyetsere, momwe mungasamalire tsitsi, kusankha kwa ana, mbiri ya mtundu. Zambiri za mtundu wa Chow Chow zimasinthana ndi mtundu wa Chow Chow zimasinthidwa kufotokozera
Ambiri omwe ali ndi zatsopano amapanga chilumba cha sushi chopangidwa ndi polystyrene, matabwa kapena galasi la ziweto zawo mu aquarium.
Chofunika: Musaiwale za chivundikirocho, chomwe chimayenera kutseka mwamphamvu chidebe kuti amphibian asathawe.
Newt yokhala ndi mitengo yatsopano yamtundu wa China. Imamvanso bwino m'madzi ndi pamtunda.
Oyimira pamtundu wa mitunduyi amagwira ntchito usiku, ndipo omwe amakhala m'madzi amagwira ntchito masana. Mitundu yamadzi ndiyosangalatsa, imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, nthawi zina kumakwera mitengo. Otsata omwe amakonda nthaka youma sagwira masana masana, ndipo usiku amayesetsa kutuluka mu aquarium.
Kenako amaziika mu khola la sphagnum ndikuyika pashelefu la firiji kwa miyezi iwiri. Pofuna kutulutsa nyamayo mu boma lino, njirayi yonse imachitika motsatira njira.
Kudyetsa
Kudyetsa timabowo tating'onoting'ono timachita bwino kwambiri ndi nyama. Ma nyongolotsi amwazi, nyongolotsi, zitini ndizoyenera izi. Amadyanso nsomba kapena nyama monga chakudya chawo. Njira yokhayo yokhala ndi moyo wa amphibians ndiyabwino komanso yofunika kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo imakhala yowopsa.
Pamodzi ndi zamoyo, majeremusi kapena matenda amatha kulowa m'mimba. Zakudya zokhala ndi miyambo yofiyira ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupondaponda mazira ngati chowonjezera cha calcium kapena kupatsa mavitamini opangidwira makamaka amphibians. Muthanso kuwonjezera madontho ochepa a Fishamine m'madzi.
Akuluakulu amatha kuyesedwa kuti asamutsire ku chakudya chowuma.
Kudya kumachitika kamodzi masiku awiri. Nyama zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa nthawi zambiri - tsiku lililonse.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Zatsopano zachi China sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso njira zaukhondo. Ndikokwanira kusintha madzi am'madzi kamodzi pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu.
Chofunika: Osamatsanulira madzi apampopi nthawi yomweyo m'madzimo. Iyenera kuima osachepera masiku awiri.
Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuyeretsa zakudya zosadziwika panthawi yake kuti zisayambitse matenda.
Kuswana
Akazi a ku newt achi China amaphatikiza utero. Pambuyo pa hibernation, kutentha kwa aquarium kukutentha mpaka madigiri 23, mpweya wabwino womwe umayamba, nyama zimakonzekera kubereka. Cesspool chachikazi chimakoka mu spermatophore yoikidwiratu ndi yamphongo.
Pakupita masiku angapo, wamkazi amayamba kutulutsa ndi kumamatira pazomera.
Mphindi ino sizitha kuphonya kuti abzalemo mazira pachidebe china, apo ayi amakhala pangozi yoti adyedwe ndi makolo awo. Masana, zimayamba kuwonekera pomwe mazira omwe ana amakanda - amakhala owonekera.
Kubadwa kumachitika masabata anayi atatenga pathupi. Mphutsi zimapatsidwa fumbi lamoyo ngati chakudya - ciliates ndi ozungulira.
Kugwirizana
Nkhani yokhudzana ndi zatsopano ndi mitundu ina yamtundu wawo ndi nyama zina ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, sizingakhazikike mwapadera ndi nsomba zotentha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha, komanso chifukwa choti owombera red ndi adani.
Mitundu yatsopano yazinthu zatsopano imayenderana ndi "Chinese", popeza amagawa gawoli nthawi zonse. Izi zimangotengera zovuta komanso kuvulala kosafunikira. Komanso, ma arthropods okhala ngati nsomba zazinkhanira ndi akhanu sangakhale m'matumbo.
Triton atha kukhala mwamtendere ndi oimira nyama zanyama:
- nsomba zamtendere
- achule
- lalikulu shrimp.
Zaumoyo
Kupereka newt ndi mikhalidwe yabwino, amakhala kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka 10) ndipo samadwala. Matenda makamaka amatenga chisamaliro chosayenera, chakudya chosavomerezeka kapena kuvulala.
Zizindikiro zowopsa zomwe matendawa atha kukayikiridwa:
- kukana kudya,
- mawonekedwe apakhungu pakhungu,
- maso amatope
- zovuta zamgwirizano
- Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a gawo lililonse la thupi.
Zinthu zatsopano za ku China zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zolengedwa khumi zomwe zimachira msanga kwambiri ngakhale zitakhala zovuta kwambiri. Amatha kuchira kumatenda osakhalitsa munthawi yochepa komanso amakula matayala kapena mchira.
Kodi mumadziwa? Tritons ali ndi mawonekedwe osowa: amatha kubwezeretsanso michira yakugwa komanso miyendo yotayika.
Chinese yokhala ndi red-beled newt, chifukwa chosadzikuza komanso kusasamala, ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri kwa munthu wotanganidwa yemwe alibe nthawi yokwanira kuyenda ndi galu ndikusewera ndi mphaka.
Zatsopano zingapo mu aquarium imodzi. Chitha?
Ma tritons amatha kukhazikitsidwa mu aquaterrarium onse payekha komanso m'magulu. Pokana kupewa ndewu zamagazi ndikuonetsetsa kuti anthu okhalamo mwamtendere akukhala mwamtendere, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga lamulo lofunika: la amuna amodzi, muyenera kugula "azimayi" awiri. Vutoli likasokonekera, kusamvana kumayambika pakati pa amuna kuposa achikazi, chifukwa nyama zotsogola zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala zopanda nkhondo kwambiri.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, zatsopano zimakhetsa khungu lakale. Izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, kumapeto kwa nyengo yakukhwima. Watsopano umayamba kutaya “zovala” zakale kuchokera kumutu. Amawupaka kumtengo ndi pamiyala, khungu lake limasweka ndipo pang'ono pang'ono "ndikutuluka" kwa "suti" yakaleyo, ingotsala pakhungu lowonekera. Triton nthawi zonse amayesa kumeza khungu lakale, koma zimapezeka kuti izi sizimachitika nthawi yomweyo. Munthu sangayang'anire chidwi chochita chidwichi, chifukwa newts ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala usiku, ndipo kusungunula nthawi zambiri kumabwera mumdima.
Chiwopsezo cha Common Triton
Mtundu: aquaterrarium, yomwe imagawidwa m'magawo awiri: madzi ndi nthaka. Pamwamba pa madzi am'madzi chitseko. Kugwa kwa nthaka kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ikuluikulu kapena miyala. Kukula: kukula 30 malita. Gawo laling'ono (gawo lapansi): moss-sphagnum ndi shards zingapo zokongoletsera zimayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi (lapansi). Zinthu zosamalidwa: Zosefera pampu ndizofunikira. Kutentha: nthawi ya masana - 22 ° C, nthawi yausiku - 18 ° C. Kutentha: sikofunikira. Kuyatsa: sikufunika. Zomera: zofunika, ndipo mbewu zamadzi zimafunika kubzalidwe m'madzi. Dziwe: losazama kwambiri. Dongosolo: pansi pa kona ya nkhalango ndi dziwe, lomwe lili ndi malo obisika ambiri.
Kodi zatsopano zomwe amadya zimadyanji?
Triton ndi wadyera, chifukwa chake chakudya chakecho chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Mapaipi, nsomba zazing'ono, ma invertebrates, mphutsi - izi ndiye chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri mwa nyama izi. M'masitolo apadera mutha kugula nsapato zamagazi, machubu amisipu kapena mphutsi zazomera zanu. Ngati mukufuna kudyetsa tuber kapena thukuta la magazi, liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kaye m'madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa. Ndi zosangalatsa amadya zatsopano za slugs, nyongolotsi, tadpoles ndi shrimp.
Ngati sizotheka kugula chakudya chamoyo, zatsopano zimagula nsomba zosefedwa, squid, nyama yaiwisi, nyama yapa, nkhuku kapena chiwindi. Zakudya zilizonse zamtunduwu zimayenera kudulidwa mutizidutswa tating'ono kuti titha kuzimeza.
Achinyamata okwanira amafuna kudya kamodzi patsiku, ndipo okulirapo - kamodzi masiku awiri. Mwezi uliwonse, atsopano amafunika masiku 3-4 kuti apange popanda chakudya konse.
Ngati nsomba zimakhala pafupi ndi zatsopano, ndiye kuti zizipereka chakudya padera kuti zisasokoneze kudya kwanu. Mutha kuwerengetsabe gawo lake ndi oyeserera. Nthawi zina chakudya chimayenera kugwedezeka patsogolo pa nkhope ya chinthu chatsopano, chifukwa anthu ena amangotsatira chakudya chokhacho.
Ngati mukumva bwino
Ma Amphibians nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto logaya chakudya - awa ndi mavuto am'matumbo. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi ma helminths omwe amachititsa chibayo. Kuchokera ku mphutsi, piperazine imathandizira (50 mg / kg). Iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ndikutsanulira pakamwa kuchokera ku syringe.
Ngati chiweto chimeza chakudya chambiri kapena chokongoletsa, izi zimapangitsa kuti m'mimba musatsekeke. Mikhalidwe yovuta imabweretsa anorexia (kusokonezeka kwamanjenje) mu newts.
Palinso matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa. Poyamba, Zizindikiro zimawonekera patsambalo lakunja, kenako ndikukhudza ziwalo zamkati. Ichi ndi saprolegniosis ndi mucorosis.
Matenda opatsirana ndi pamene ma virus omwe amalowa m'magazi angayambitse sepsis ("mwendo wofiyira"). Ndikotheka kuchitira matenda oterewa mothandizidwa ndi chloramphenicol pamapiritsi. Kachigawo kakang'ono ka 1x1 mm ndikofunikira. Amayikidwa muzakudya zomwe zatsopano zimameza. Muyenera kudyetsa masiku 5 kapena kuposerapo, mpaka vutolo litakula.
Zakudya zopanda pake ndi zinthu zina zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana - kukomoka. Kupewa izi, zakudya zabwino zimasankhidwa.
Kulera zatsopano kunyumba: zimabala liti ndipo zimabereka bwanji
Tritons amatengedwa okhwima zaka 3 atabadwa. Nthawi zambiri amayamba kukwatirana kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndikupitilira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuti amphibians achuluke bwino, kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kutsikira mpaka madigiri 18, kapena kutsika. Yaikazi imapeza ma spermatophore osinthika amphongo ndikudziyamwa yokha. Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, yaikazi imayikira mazira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikukulunga masamba. Pambuyo pake, anthu achikulire amafunika kusamutsidwira kumalo ena amadzi am'madzi, apo ayi amadya mazira onse. Pakatha masiku 18, mphutsi zimabadwa, ndipo pakatha miyezi 10 zidzasandulika kukhala zatsopano.
Habitat
Nyumba yakubadwira nyama zakutchire ku New Red-bellying Newt ndi zigawo zakumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa boma la California ku United States, komanso zigawo zakummaawa kwa China. Amatha kupezeka munkhalango za sequoias zomwe zimakhala pagombe.
Zoyala zimakhala m'mapiri, pamatanthwe, m'minda, komanso m'madziwe ndi m'mawamba.
Kodi umadziwa? Watsopano wamagazi magazi, wokhala m'manja mwa munthu kwa mphindi zingapo, amatha kuwotcha khungu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kutentha kwa khungu lobala ndi madigiri 16 okha.
Zolepheretsa m'mimba
Kutsekeka kwa m'mimba kumadziwika ndi kuyenda kwa chakudya chifukwa cha zovuta zina zamkati mkati. Itha kukhala miyala, miyala kapena zodzikongoletsera, kumezedwa ndi nyama mwangozi. Ngati chiweto chanu chikugalamuka nthawi zonse, sichili bwino chakudya, chikuvuta kupuma, komanso chakwaniritsidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti pitani kuchipatala msanga. Mankhwala, kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira pakufunika opaleshoni.
Mucorosis
Mucorosis, kapena mucoromycosis, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha fungo la nkhungu lomwe limamera m'malo achinyezi. Matenda amatuluka chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi miyezo yaukhondo, ndiye kuti, chifukwa chakuyeretsa kwanyengo. Nyama imakhala m'malo amodzi, imayenda pang'ono ndikudya popanda chilichonse - zizindikilo zazikulu zamatendawa. Chithandizo - chosawilitsidwa kwathunthu kwa okhala. Kukhazikitsa njira ya maantibayotiki.
Saprolegniosis
Maonekedwe ofanana ndi chikopa chokhala ngati thonje loyera kapena lachikasu ndi chizindikiro cha saprolegniosis. Matendawa amapangidwa ndi spores a bowa omwe amatha kuwononga minofu yamoyo. Pali zifukwa zambiri mawonekedwe ake: mpweya wakuipa ndi madzi, njala ya okosijeni, kuvulala, matenda obwera. Nthawi zambiri, kupopera kwa nthawi imodzi kumayendetsedwa kuti athandizidwe ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi osungunuka (veterinarian yekha amalemba chiwerengero), komanso maphunziro a antibacterial.
Sepsis
Sepsis, kapena mwendo wofiyira, ndi mawonekedwe oopsa a poizoni wamagazi omwe amapezeka majeremusi osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zawo za metabolic zikulowa bala. Kulephera kusunga mikhalidwe komanso kufalikira kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Nyama imayamba kufooka kwambiri, kuwonda, kukoka kwa magazi m'mimba. Matendawa amakula ndi liwiro lalikulu. Choyamba sankhanani ndi chiweto chanu chodwala. M'magawo oyamba, adokotala nthawi zambiri amauza khansa ya m'mimba ya chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kunja, ndi malo osamba okhala ndi yankho la sulfadimidine. Mlingo umayikidwa kokha ndi katswiri payekha. Nthawi zina, matendawa ndi osachiritsika.
Ma tritons ndi zolengedwa zachilengedwe zomwe zimafunikira kusamalidwa mosamala komanso kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Pokhala ndi chiweto choterocho, mumakhala kunyumba ndi anzanu omwe angakusangalatseni kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mumakonda chiyani chamasana?
Ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe ma tritons amadya malinga ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, malonda azinthu komanso kuchuluka kwake. Maonekedwe abwino komanso moyo wokondwa ndi chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri cha kadyedwe koyenera.
Akuluakulu amadyetsa tsiku lililonse tsiku lililonse, koma mokwanira, malinga ndi momwe amawafunira, amakoma (kotero kuti chakudyacho chimadyedwa kwathunthu). Nsomba zazing'ono, gawo lophwanyika la earthworms, ma nyongolotsi amwazi ndi oyenera. Chothandiza ndi minced nyama ndi nsomba, komanso chiwindi chiwindi.
Kukhalapo kovomerezeka kwa mavitamini ndi michere (mutha kugula chakudya chopangira ma amphibians, olemeretsedwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono zamigawo mulingo wofanana).
Ngakhale pakufunika mavitamini, mbewu za m'madzi sizingadye ma amphibians otere, chifukwa chake simungayang'anire kukhulupirika kwawo.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mwana watsopano tsiku lililonse. Zakudyazo ziyenera kupitilizidwa ndi mapuloteni komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga thupi.
Kwa mphutsi, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kupezeka kwa akhwangwala ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo, mwina daphnia kapena cyclops. Popita nthawi, amatenga ma nyini am'magazi ndi machubu.
Matenda
Matenda ena amathanso kukhala okhudzana ndi vuto logaya chakudya. Amachitika ndi kudyetsa kosayenera kapena kudya dothi. Kupezeka kwa majeremusi mu chakudya kumathandizanso kwambiri. Zilowetsedwa, zimayambitsa chibayo.
Zinthu zatsopano za Aquarium zimakumana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi omwe amakhudza minofu yakunja ya thupi. Mucorosis ndiye vuto lofala kwambiri pamtunduwu.
Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi sepsis. Zikuwoneka chifukwa cha kumeza kwa amphibians m'mwazi. Ndi zakudya zosayenera, nyamayo imatha kugwira matenda - kudzikundikira kwamadzi mu minofu.
Momwe mungadziwire jenda
Pali njira zingapo zodziwira jenda. Ndikofunikira kuganizira za thupi, komanso zinthu zina.
Mu thupi, wamwamuna ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Mutu wa mwamuna ndiwamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamkazi. Kumuna kumbuyoko mutha kuwona mzere wa buluu womwe umayandikira mchira.
Nthawi yobereka, yamphongo imathiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina kuwala kwa peyala kumawonekera pachithunzi. Akazi alibe mawonekedwe.
Mawonekedwe
- Kutentha kwa thupi kwa newt ndi 15-20 ° С, pomwe matenthedwe athu ndi 36.6 ° С. Popeza akhala m'manja mwa munthu kwa nthawi yopitilira mphindi, newt sidzangokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutentha. Chifukwa chake, musakhudze chiweto chanu popanda chosowa.
- Mu zatsopano, molting amapezeka pafupipafupi. Amayamba ndi mutu: nyamayo imapukusa ulusi wake pazowuma zina, chifukwa khungu lomwe limang'ambika. Pambuyo pake, newt imadzigwira mchira ndikuvula "chovala" chakale. Amadya nthawi yomweyo khungu lotayika.
- Mitundu ina ya zatsopano ndizosowa ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi Red Book. Ndipo kwa asayansi, ali ndi chidwi, popeza ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri kokukonzanso.
Ndikosavuta kupeza chinjoka chanu chaching'ono. Kusamalira ndi kukonza newt sikudzakhala ntchito yovuta kwa inu. Wokhala m'madzi wokongola wa aquarium ndiabwino kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamadzi am'madzi, komanso kwa iwo omwe angolowa kumene madzi am'madzi. Ndipo ngakhale simudzawona chiweto chanu, zomwe zimawoneka kawirikawiri zimakusangalatsani, ndipo zimatha kukhala "zazikulu" pakona yanu.
Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa
Kugawa ndi malo okhala zisa
Ma Tritons amakhala kumayiko akumpoto kwa Germany, Switzerland, France ndi Poland, ndipo amapezekanso mosavuta ku Belarus ndi Ukraine. Kuchokera kumwera, malire amalire pa Balkan ndi Alps.
Malo omwe amagawidwa kwa newt amayanjana ndi malo a newt wamba, ngakhale kuti omwe anali akale ndi ocheperako kasanu, ndipo amakonda madzi ofunda. Mitundu yatsopanoyi imakhala makamaka m'malo a nkhalango zophatikizika kapena zosakanikirana, zokhala zazikulu, koma osati zakuya, maiwe odzala ndi udzu.
Komanso, madzi mkati mwake amayenera kukhala oyera, popeza chisa chophatikizika chimasankha makamaka kuyera kwamadzi. Mukakumana ndi amphibian uyu padziwe, onetsetsani kuti madzi ake ndi abwino.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Common Newt
Zatsopano zatsopano ndi oimira gulu lalikulu la nyama: "Amphibians". Uwu ndi mtundu wa zatsopano kuchokera ku mtundu wazinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizimodzi mwazambiri padzikoli. Mu Chilatini, dzina la nyamayo limamveka ngati "Lissotriton vulgaris". Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu wamtunduwu udawonedwa ndikufotokozedwa ndi Karl Linnaeus, katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Sweden. Ndipo izi zidachitika kale mu 1758. Ma Triton, kuphatikiza wamba, adadziwika nalo dzina kulemekeza mulungu Triton. Mulunguyu nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa akukwera pa dolphin, womizidwa pang'ono pamafunde am'nyanja.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Common newt m'madzi
Triton vulgaris ali ndi zinthu zingapo zakunja:
- miyeso yaying'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyamayi sikupita masentimita khumi - amuna nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo kuposa zazikazi. Ma sentimita khumi akuganizira mchira, womwe ndi theka kutalika kwathunthu,
- yosalala, yocheperako - khungu lowala. Mtundu wa khungu umatha kukhala wa bulauni, wa maolivi. Mimba imakhala yowala nthawi zonse kuposa kumbuyo: lalanje kapena wachikasu. Pali mawanga amdima pathupi, ndipo pamutu pali timizere tating'ono kumbali,
- miyendo yolimba. Triton ali ndi miyendo inayi ndi kutalika kofanana. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo kumbuyo - kasanu. Mataka amaloleza nyamayi kusambira bwino, popanda mavuto kuti isunthire pansi. Pamtunda, zatsopano zimayenda pang'onopang'ono,
- kusawona bwino, koma kununkhira kwabwino. Akuluakulu amatha kuphunzira kuthana kwawo ngakhale mazana awiri,
- mano mano. Zimapezeka kumwamba m'mizere iwiri yofanana. Mano amatuluka pang'ono pang'ono. Mano oterowo amathandizira kuti nyama izigwira pakamwa pake.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Zatsopano zatsopano zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera - amatha kubwezeretsanso ziwalo zamkati, maso kapena miyendo yotayika.
Kodi nkhwangwa wamba zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Common newt zachilengedwe
Kwa triton wamba, mitengo yosakanizika, yosakanikirana ndioyenera. Nyama izi zimakhala, zimasungidwa m'malo osungira kapena osakwiya. Pamtunda omwe amabisala zitsamba, amapezeka m'mapaki, m'minda, mikanda yamtchire. Malo otseguka amapewedwa. Triton wamba ndi cholengedwa chofala kwambiri. Imakhala pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kokha kuli madera ena: Crimea, kumwera kwa France, Portugal, Antarctica, Spain. Malo okhala zachilengedwe zimatengera mtundu wa newt.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri:
- Aresky. Miyoyo ku Greece, Macedonia, Albania ndi Bulgaria,
- Triton Schmidtler. Zitha kupezeka kumadzulo kwa Turkey,
- Ampelic. Amatchedwanso kuti mphesa. Ili ndi boma lowoneka ngati dorsal, wokhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Romania,
- Triton cosmoswig. Komanso ndi nzika ya Turkey. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama yotero pagombe lakumwera.
- Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. Awa ndi malingaliro osankhidwa. Ndiofala kwambiri. Malo ake achilengedwe amayambira ku Ireland kupita kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Kusiyana kwa nyama yoteroyo ndikokwera kwakumbuyo, kumaso kwa mchira,
- New wamba newt. Malo ake achilengedwe ndi Slovenia, kumpoto kwa Italy, kumwera kwa France,
- Triton Lanza. Midzi kumwera kwa Russia, kumpoto kwa Armenia, ku Azerbaijan ndi Georgia.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe wamba mtima amakhala, tiwone zomwe zimadya.
Kodi nyama yatsopano imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Ordinary Triton ku Russia
Mitundu yatsopano ndi yaying'ono koma okalamba kwambiri. Ndiwosambira kwambiri, miyendo yawo imasunthika, ali ndi zala, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda mwachangu pansi pa kholalo lamadzi pansi pa posungira popanda mavuto. Ana awa amasaka pafupifupi nthawi zonse bwinobwino. Amatha kupitiliza kugwirana mwachangu, ndipo kununkhira kwamphamvu kumakupatsani mwayi kumanunkhiza ngakhale utali wamamita. Kuphatikiza apo, zatsopano zatsopano zimakhala ndi kamwa yolimba yokhala ndi mizere iwiri ya mano. Ndi chithandizo chake, nyamayo imagwira mosavuta nyama.
Zochititsa chidwi: Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa newt wamba. Munthawi zabwinobwino, kusiyana kumeneku ndi kukula kwa nyama yokha. Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimayi, ngakhale izi ndizowona pang'ono. Komabe, munthawi yamatumba, kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatchulukira. Pakadali pano, chisa chikuwoneka kumbuyo kwa amuna.
Zakudya wamba triton zikuphatikiza:
- otchera
- mphutsi za tizilombo ndi ma invertebrates ena,
- nsomba caviar
- ma tadpole
- maulesi ndi zonyansa,
- kachilomboka
- nthata za zipolopolo,
- milili.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chidwi chamadimba chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri m'madzi azinthu zatsopano. Pamtunda, amadya pang'ono. Komanso, m'madzi m'mimba mwawo muli pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi peresenti amadzaza madzi, ndipo pamtunda - makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu zokha. Kunyumba, zakudya zomwe nyama zimadya ndizosiyana pang'ono. Amati okalamba oterewa amapatsidwa chakudya chokhala ndi ma nyongolotsi, mafunde am'madzi, shrimp ya aquarium.
Komabe, muyenera kusunga ndikudyetsa zakudya zatsopano wamba mosamala kwambiri. Makamaka, mchenga kapena timiyala tating'onoting'ono kwambiri sitha kuyikidwa mu terarium. Pakudya, nyama imatha kumeza mchenga ndipo pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti matendawa amafa chifukwa cha matumbo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Common newt pansi pamadzi
Chiyambireni nyengo yakukhwima chikugwirizana ndi nthawi yochoka m'malo obisalako nthawi yachisanu. Akangoyamba kumene kuyenda kupita kumadzi kukaphulika, masewera olimbitsa matumba amayamba nthawi yomweyo. M'madziwe, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi pang'onopang'ono amayandikira, kusambira limodzi. Pakadali pano, woimira wogonana wamphamvu akuyesera kugunda mchira wake wokondedwa kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi masewera ngati amenewa, nyama zimakwatirana.
Nthawi yoswana imatenga nthawi yayitali. Panthawi imeneyi, mbalameyi imatha kuyikira mazira ambiri. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala mazana ndipo amatha kufikira zidutswa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Mtundu uliwonse wamasamba womwe umayesedwa ndi chofewa. Amayika pa tsamba la chomera chomwe chimamizidwa m'madzi ndikuchigwada. Mwanjira imeneyi, amakwanitsa kupanga chikwama chamtundu wina. Mmenemo, mbadwa zam'tsogolo zimatetezedwa modalirika, chifukwa tsamba lozunguliridwa limasungidwa chifukwa chakutsamira dzira.
Njira yakukula kwamasamba imayima pakatha masiku khumi ndi asanu. Kenako, mphutsi zokhala ndi mchira zimawonekera kuchokera kwa iwo. Mphutsizo zimakhala pafupifupi mamilimita asanu ndi awiri. Tsiku loyamba la moyo wake, mphutsi sizimadya ndipo zimayesanso kuti zisadziwonetse pamalo otseguka. Patsiku lachiwiri lokha mkamwa mwake limadutsa, kukulolani kuti mudye. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu itatu, mphutsizo zimawoneka ngati miyendo, ndipo pakatha miyezi iwiri ndi theka mphutsizo zimasanduka mbewa wamba.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: M'madera omwe kumatentha, pakugwa, mphutsi zimapeza mawonekedwe a anthu akuluakulu. Kumpoto kwa malo achilengedwe, mphutsi sizikhala ndi nthawi yopitilira magawo onse a chitukuko, chifukwa chake zimakhazikika ndi zotulutsa zakunja.
Adani achilengedwe azinthu wamba
Chithunzi: Ordinary Triton ku Russia
Zinthu zatsopano ndi zazing'ono komanso zopanda chitetezo. Iwo ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kopulumuka muukapolo. Kunyumba, nyama izi zimatha kufikira zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zitatu popanda mavuto. Kuthengo, kupeza munthu wamkulu wa nthawi ino ndizosatheka. Nthawi yayitali yokhala mu ukapolo mu Newts ndi zaka 14 zokha. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kupezeka kwa ambiri achilengedwe achilengedwe.
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha adani a zatsopano chimadikirira m'madzi. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ma amphibians amenewa amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madziwe. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyama zomwe zimakhala m'madzi opanda phokoso samadyetsa kudya nyama zatsopano.
Adani oyipitsitsa akuphatikizapo:
- wachibale. Ngakhale pali ubale wolunjika, atsopano omwe amadya pang'ono amadya ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ma tritons amodzi amadziwika nthawi zambiri mu,
- achule. Amphibians ndiwosaka bwino kwambiri. Kwa iwo, newts ndiosavuta kudya.
- nsomba. Perch, pike, carp wamba ndi nsomba zina zambiri zimagwiritsa ampirobi akuluakulu kapena amadyera mphutsi,
- njoka ndi njoka. Amagwira mwanjira zatsopano zowonongeka ndi kuwameza pafupifupi,
- mbalame ndi nyama zina zikukhala pamtunda. Zinthu zatsopano sizimapezeka padziko lapansi. Koma akapita kumeneko, ndiye kuti agwidwa mosavuta ndi nyama ndi mbalame zina, chifukwa padziko lapansi zinthu zatsopano zimakhala zovuta. Sasamala kudya ma voles amadzimadzi, zitsitsi zazimvi, ma mallard.
Komabe, si onse atsopano omwe sangathe kudziteteza. Mapulogalamu ambiri ali ndi khungu loyipa. Mwachitsanzo, kakang'ono ka chikasu pazikuto zake mumakhala poizoni wokwanira kupha timiyala tating'ono twente-faifi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Common Newt
Mitundu yatsopano imakhala ndi chonde chambiri. Kwa nyengo imodzi yokwanira, zazikazi zimatha kuyikira mazira mazana asanu ndi awiri. M'malo ambiri okhala zachilengedwe, nyumbayi imalola kuti nyama zizikhazikika. Komabe, ngakhale kukhudzika kwakukulu m'madera ena sikunapulumutse zinthu, ndipo masiku ano m'maiko ambiri kuchuluka kwa newt kwatsika kwambiri.
Kodi nchifukwa chiyani kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha amphibians?
Pali zingapo zazikulu:
- kutalika kwa moyo. Ali mu ukapolo, wobadwa kumene sakhala woposa zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Pali zifukwa zambiri. Zofunika kwambiri ndikusowa kwa chakudya, chilala komanso kusatetezeka kwa adani achilengedwe. Zatsopano zatsopano ndizochepa kwambiri, sizikhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri, sizimawona bwino komanso sizili bwino pamtunda. Zonsezi zimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito,
- kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi. Madzi akuda, zinyalala zochuluka - zonsezi zimalanda zinyumba za m'nyumba zawo ndi chakudya,
- Kusintha kwachilengedwe ndi nyengo zina m'malo ena achilengedwe. Zosungirako zambiri zimakhuta, pang'onopang'ono zimatha. Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzanso anthu atsopano. Nyamazo sizisinthidwa bwino ndi kutentha.
Kuteteza Zinthu Zatsopano
Chithunzi: Red Book Common Triton
Newt wamba ndi cholengedwa chochepa koma chothandiza. Zimathandizira kuyang'anira chiwerengero cha udzudzu. Ma amphibians awa amadya udzudzu, kuphatikizapo omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu - malungo. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa nyama zopindulitsa izi kwatsika, makamaka m'malo ena. Malinga ndi asayansi, zinthu zambiri zinayambitsa izi, koma kuipitsa kwathunthu matupi amadzi ndi chilengedwe zimatchedwa zazikulu.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa zatsopano, adalembedwa mu Red Book of Azzeran ndi Russia. Ku Switzerland, UK, mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi wosowa. Ku Switzerland, kuchuluka kwa zatsika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi amadzi. Malinga ndi ziwonetsero, pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri peresenti a madzi okhala mdziko lonselo adathiridwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa amphibians kotero kuchepetsedwa kanayi. Ndipo panali kuchepa kochulukira kotero kwa chiŵerengero cha nyama munthawi yochepa kwambiri, yomwe idadetsa nkhawa asayansi kwambiri.
Komanso, newt wamba lero ikutetezedwa ndi msonkhano wa Berne. Newts ndi ochulukirachulukira amphibians. Kuti tisunge ndi kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwawo, ndikofunikira kuteteza madzi omwe alipo, kuteteza zomerazo zomwe zili pafupi nawo ndikusintha zachilengedwe m'malo ovuta.
Newt - m'modzi mwa oyimira ang'ono kwambiri a banja lake. Ichi ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri yomwe yapatsidwa kuthekera kwakukhalokha kumadzi ndi pamtunda. Tritons zamtunduwu zimabweretsa zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu, zimawononga udzudzu wowopsa ndi mphutsi zake. Masiku ano, atsopano omwe amafunikira chidwi chapadera ndi anthu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa chaka chilichonse.