Nkhani za m'munda wakale * Vertebrates

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Posachedwa ponseponse panali zovuta zambiri komanso mavuto, koma sikuti masiku otentha amawerengedwa. Masamba owala bwino a masamba a masika pang'onopang'ono adakhala mutu waukulu waku symphony wopambana. Cherry ndi maula zidatsika kale chophimba choyera, masamba ang'onoang'ono oyera omwe adaphimba mafupa amtengo osawoneka bwino. Anadziponyera yekha ndi mikwaso yoyera ya hawthorn inflorescences. Anatambasulira kuloza chilimwe kukukumbatirana kwambiri kwa mabulosi, atapindika pa spiny yake yayitali akuwombera fungo lonunkhira bwino wachikasu. Alonda a centurneter a viburnum adawonekera mu maluwa, koma ma-oyera-oyera amiyala ya chipale chofewa sanawululidwe. Panthawi ina, zigawo za Mulungu za kasupe zimayesedwa pakhosi la ngale. Nyimbo yoyimba njuchi idafuula mokweza kuti: "Hosana!"

Amuna ochenjera okhala ndi agalu moyenerera amaikira akazi awo pamazira awo, ndipo, monga kuyenera oyimira olimba mtima a kugonana kwamphamvu, imatsitsani kumva kwawo ndi kuyimba. Madzi osefukira adazungulira minda yotsika. Chiwerengero chamabanja chachulukirachulukira, mwachidziwikire, arborvitae wanga ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zazing'onozi. Ndidatenga kamera, ndikunyamula nyimbo, kuyesera kutsanzira wamkulu wagulu lanyumba yamaluwa, nyumba yanga. Adatulukira kutchire, ndikukhala pamalo ake omwe amawakonda pa chingwe cholumikizira chingwe chamagetsi, natambasulira ku nyumba yomwe ili mkati mwamundawo, kuyang'ana mozama komanso mokwiya:
- Ndani akufuna kupikisana ndi ine pano?

Ndidapitilirabe kukweza, ndipo woyimbayo adayimilira, ndikuboola dzuwa lotentha ndi chojambula chotsimikizika chatsopano - ngakhale champhamvu kwambiri, chozama kwambiri. Pomwe anali kukangana kuti wamkulu ndani, waluso kwambiri apa, sindinatsutsane ndipo, nditayimirira kumbuyo kwa mphesa, adatenga zithunzi zambiri monga momwe ndimafunira ndi magawo ochepa.

Amakhulupirira kuti bulethroat ndiyosavuta kumva, koma zovuta kuwona, nthawi zambiri imabisala mumtundu. Nightingale yanga pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse inkatsogozedwa ndi miseche yosavuta, ndikulumpha mpaka siteji. Bluethroat - mbalame yochokera ku gening Nightingale, imafalikira modabwitsa. Kuimbira mluzu ndi kuwonekera, komwe kumaoneka ngati zojambula usiku, kumalowa mkati mwa zidutswa za melodic, kukulitsa, ngati luso lenileni. Amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba - mokomera, osasamala mawu ake, ngati kuti kulawa tart, kuwonekera, mzimu odzaza chikondi.

Chikhalidwe cha kapangidwe ka chifuwa cha ma bluethroats chinali chosiyana kwambiri, simupeza mapasa pakati pawo. Ndipo woimbayo wapakidwa utoto wamitundu yayitali kwambiri. Chovala chokongola ndi chovala chamaso kutsogolo kwa mtundu wakuda, wokutidwa, mkati mwake momwe njerwa yofiira njerwa imawalira, ndipo pansi pake amakumbidwa ndi malire awiri - kaso, ngati mbeza yoluka, yakuda komanso yofiira pang'ono. Nthenga zofiirira zimabisala mchira, zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri panthawi ya ndege. Chopanga pa bib, amadziwika kuti ndi tsitsi lowiira, othamangitsa nthawi yomweyo, monga momwe zimakhalira ku Russia. Pakuyimba, mwamunayo amakhala okhazikika komanso wosasunthika, ngati woyimba nyimbo wa Bolshoi panthawi yamasewera. Iyi ndi mbalame yokongola, yofala, ndipo a Sweden adachita mopupuluma, akumayitcha Latin Latin nightingale.

Kasupe wofewa wapano ndi phindu losayembekezereka la phlox. Zilumba za Pinki, zokhala ndi lingaliro laling'ono lofiirira, zidabalalika ndi magawo a masika pamalo achitetezo ndipo kwakanthawi kodabwitsa kudali mu pulogalamu ya May Flower Festival. Pali ngodya zamtchire zambiri m'munda, chilichonse chomwe chimakula pamenepo chimakhala, kulikonse komwe mungafune, komwe kuli mpata, wolima sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kusamalira, koma ndizodabwitsa zomwe amakonda! Kenako mwadzidzidzi lilac imatuluka kuchokera pambewu yokhayokha yofesedwa ndi mphepo (lilac yokongola mwachilendo yomwe imamera m'mundamo osatulutsa mphukira).Kenako chovala chanthawi yomweyo chikukula panjira, palibe nthawi yakuziwonjezera, ndimayenda, mwaulemu komanso mosamala, osadutsa pamsewu waimvi, ndikupeza kale inflorescence. Lilac, kwenikweni, ndi yodabwitsa - makandulo akuluakulu a utoto akusewera padzuwa ndi mithunzi ya pinki yakuda - nsanje ya dera lonselo. Tikukhulupirira kuti mbande zomwe zatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mbeu za lilac zibwereza zabwino za amayi. Ndipo kwa mbalame, kunyalanyaza kulamulira m'munda ndi paradiso weniweni.

Masika amalipira kudzoza. Zomverera, zotengeka zimataya zophimba za chaka chatha, mphamvu zimagunda pamtima uliwonse.

Zomwe mbalame zimawoneka ngati "buluu" wamtambo

Mbalameyi imakula mpaka kutalika masentimita 15. Amuna ndi akazi ali pafupifupi ofanana. Kulemera kwa amuna: kuyambira magalamu 15 mpaka 23, akazi: 13 mpaka 21 g.

Bluethroat (lat.Luscinia svecica)

Mtundu wa mbalame umawonekera chifukwa cha malo owoneka bwino a buluu pachifuwa ndi maula ofiira m'dera la suprapochis. Koma, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe osiyanitsa awa ndi amtundu wa abuluu achimuna okha. Akazi amapaka utoto kwambiri. Kwa amuna, kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wotuwa. Ma buluu achimayi pachifuwa ndi pakhosi amapaka utoto wowala, nthenga zina zonse zimakhala zofiirira. Masamba a bulutiwo amakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda, mulomo ndi wakuda, wocheperako.

Kodi iye ndi ndani, loboti uyu

Mbalameyi ili ndi mayina ambiri. Amatchedwa robin, zaryanka, mbandakucha, alder. Ngati titatembenukira ku sayansi ya machitidwe, ndiye kuti Zaryanka ndi mbalame yochokera ku banja la flecatcher genus thrush. Mwa mitundu yonse yachilengedwe, imakhala pafupi ndi ma nightingales, komabe, kuyika kwa thupi kumakhala kosiyana - mu nightingales thupi limakhala mowongoka, ndipo mu loboti - mozungulira.

Lobotiyo ndi wosiyana ndi nightingale ndi mtundu. Mbalameyi yokhala ndi bere la lalanje pafupi ndi mbalame yolumikizidwa kwambiri ku Russia imawoneka yowala komanso yowoneka bwino. Nightingale yokhayo yaku Far East, yomwe chifuwa chake chimakongoletsedwa ndi shati lalikulu lowala lamaso buluu, yomwe imatha kupikisana ndi zowoneka bwino ndi zaryanka.

Pamwambapa, mbalameyo imakhala ndi mbawala yofiirira ya maolivi, pamphumi pake, masaya ake ndi zofiira kwambiri. Mimba imakhala yopepuka, pafupifupi yoyera, ndipo chifuwa chake chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino.

Ngakhale kuti zaryanok zonse zili ndi malo owala pachifuwa pawo, amakhalabe ndi zithunzi zolaula. Monga mbalame zambiri, zazimuna zimakhala ndi zowala zambiri kuposa zazikazi. Kuchokera pamwamba imachita imvi yomweyo, koma malaya akutsogolo amapentedwa ndi ma toni owala bwino omwe amafalikira mbali yonse ya mutu, mpaka pafupi mpaka khosi.

Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhazikika, msana wawo ndi woderapo ndi mawanga ofiira. Mapiko, pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi m'mbali zimapakidwa matani ofiira. Belly ndi kumbuyo kwa mchira ndizoyera.

Monga mbalame zambiri, zazimuna zimakhala ndi zowala zambiri kuposa zazikazi. Pamwamba pali imvi yomweyo, koma malaya akutsogolo amapentedwa ndi mitundu yowala.

Chifukwa chake, kupaka utoto wofiirira kumakhala kwa akulu okha. Achinyamata omwe achoka chisa tsopano si owala komanso owoneka bwino.

Kufotokozera kumeneku osati kugonana kokha, komanso miyambo yokhudzana ndi zaka kumabweretsa lingaliro lachilendo. Anthu omwe safunikabe kuwaswa mazira ndikudyetsa anapiye ali ndi khungu loteteza. Nthawi yomweyo, loboti wamkulu, yemwe tsogolo la anapiye amadalira, amavala moyenera komanso moonekera kwambiri. Kodi izi zingafotokozedwe bwanji?

Nthenga za utoto ngati chidziwitso

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani mbalame zimakhala zowala kwambiri? Kodi loboti ndi yemwe amapaka penti yake moyenera? Kupatula apo, kotero, iye akuvula mbewu. Wodya nyama iliyonse, ngakhale wopanda vuto, adzaona kachidutswa kofiyira ndikudumpha tchire. Ndipo apa, osati amuna okha, komanso akazi omwe ali ndi malo owala.

Mu mbalame, masomphenya ndiye gawo lalikulu la zinthu zomwe zimalandira chidziwitso. Mwa zisonyezo zambiri zambiri, mbalame, choyambirira, zimayenera kuzindikira mdani, chakudya, anapiye ndi anthu amtundu wawo, makamaka ngati ali woimira amuna kapena akazi.

Munthu aliyense ali ndi zizindikiritso, momwe zimatengera mtundu wa "zake". Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kulumikizana kwamtundu uliwonse. Malo owala pa loboti amachita ntchito ngati chizindikiritso cha:

zopatsidwa mitundu
mtundu wina
magawo okhwima.

Kusintha kowoneka bwino ndi kasinthidwe ka mawanga a rasipiberi kumapereka munthu chidziwitso chakuti pali wotsutsana naye kapena wogonana naye pamaso pake. Popeza mbalamezi ndizosavutikira, maonekedwe ake sangagwire ntchito pozindikira kuti azigwira. Koma mbalame zokhala ndi mawere ofiira amphaka ndi chizindikiro kuti mbalame yawo iwuluka, yomwe imatha kuwadyetsa. Ndi nthawi ino pamene mukufunika kufuula ndikutsegula mulomo wanu. Ngati china chake chikuwuluka popanda malo owoneka bwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kumasula mwakachetechete, kuphatikiza ndi chisa.

Chifukwa chake, kupaka utoto pang'ono kwa mbalame yocheperako kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chosakung'ung'udza, koma kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chomwe mukusowa, kuzindikira mnzanu ndi ntchito yolimba yodyetsa olowa m'malo a mtundu.

Zithunzi: zithunzi za mbalame (zithunzi 25)

Khalidwe

Chisa cha loboti chimamangidwa pamtunda, m'malo achilengedwe, komanso m'malo otsika. Zipangizo zomanga ndi masamba, pansi ndi masamba a udzu. Mazira nawonso amakhala ndi utoto wa udzu wouma. Amakhala ofiira pang'ono, nthawi zina achikaso, pafupifupi oyera, okhala ndi mawanga ofiira.

Kujambula utoto pang'ono kwa mbalame yocheperako kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chosakung'ung'uza, koma kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chomwe mukufuna, kuzindikira mnzake

Zaryanka - mbalame zosamukira. Ngakhale atakhala aang'ono komanso amagwiritsanso ntchito kachakudya, amawuluka molawirira ndikuuluka mochedwa. Pambuyo nthawi yachisanu yozizira, amawoneka m'dera lathu mu Marichi, kukadali chipale chofewa ndipo kumatenthedwa.

Amuna oyamba afika. Kuchokera pantchitoyi - kuteteza madera kuti asalowemo amuna ena amtunduwu, kuteteza chisa kapena kupanga chatsopano. Zazikazi zimadza pambuyo pake, pomwe amphongo atasankha kale zisa ndi madera. Panthawi imeneyi, zikuyambira zaka za tizilombo toyamba. Ndiye pofika Meyi mutha kuyikira mazira kale.

Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira 5-8. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Matchera amawoneka oyera, ofooka, opanda kanthu, pafupifupi akuda. M'masiku ochepa oyambilira, m'modzi mwa makolo amatentha nawo thupi.

Mu chisa cha makolo, anapiye siangokhala crescent. Pambuyo pake, amachoka pachisa. Kuchoka koyambirira kumeneku ndi chifukwa chakuti m'malo abwino, loboti amakhala ndi nthawi yoti ayikire mazira.

Anapiyewo akachoka pachisa, sakudziwa kuwuluka. Pazifukwa izi, amapaka utoto pang'ono kuposa makolo awo. Ayenera kuphatikiza ndi chilengedwe mpaka ataphunzira kuwuluka bwino, ndichifukwa chake amapaka utoto wa masamba owuma ndi udzu wakuda.

Ma zaryanka onse ali ndi chibadwa chabwino cha makolo. Sikuti amangoyendetsa anapiye a mibadwo iwiri nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi zambiri amatenga chakudya kudyetsa loboti zamasiye. Cuckoos amagwiritsa ntchito. Amaponyera dzira lawo lalikulu m'chisa cha mbalame zazing'ono. Zaryanka mukulakalaka kwawo kudyetsa onse ovutika, osazindikira kuti kulowereraku ndi kotani.

Zizolowezi komanso zizolowezi zodyetsa

Mbalameyi imakonda kukhala m'nkhalangomo. Komabe, iye sakonda msinjiro wakutali, koma nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi dothi lokwera, zotchingira, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi mazenera m'nkhalango. A Robin amakonda kwambiri zisa zomwe zili pafupi ndi dziwe - m'madzi osefukira a mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Zaryanka imatha kukhala pafupi ndi munthu ngati sichingasokoneze ndikupanga nkhokwe ndi mitengo yazitali zosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi zitsamba ndi udzu. Zowona, amphaka amatsagana ndi anthu, omwe amasanduka adani akuluakulu a mbalamezi.

Ngakhale kuti robin imawoneka ngati mbalame yosavutikira, kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, chakudya cha nyama chikaperewera, chimadya mbewu ndi zipatso. Kutentha kwambiri, anapiye akamamiza chisa, abambo ndi amayi omwe amakhala ndi matupi ofiira samasaka mbozi, akangaude, mphutsi, ndi zakudya zina zama protein.

Mwachilengedwe, adani enieni achifwamba, kupatula anthu ndi amphaka, ndi oimira banja la marten (sable, weasel, mink, marten, ferret).Akalulu, nkhandwe, mimbulu, ndipo, garu, amakonda kuwononga zisa za loboti. Kuchokera ku mbalame zamtunduwu, achifwamba akuluakulu ndi anapiye awo amasangalatsidwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono zonse zomwe zimadya, kuphatikiza achichepere, omwe amaba zisa za anapiye, kuzidya kapena kuzisunga mwa kuziphatikiza ndi nthambi kapena minga.

Moyo wonse wa Zaryanka, komanso cholengedwa chilichonse chapadziko lapansi, zimadzipereka kukwaniritsa ntchito ziwiri: kukhala chakudya chamunthu wina komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa wina yemwe ndi malo ake odyetserako chakudya. Komabe, ali ndi ntchito inanso - kusangalatsa munthu ndi mawu ake komanso zovala zake zowala.

Chidwi, TSOPANO!

Marichi-Epulo ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yowerengera mbalame zosamukasamuka.
Matalala mu nkhalangomo anali atasungunuka kale, ndipo mitengo yomwe inali m'masamba inali italibe kuvala. Kuzungulira kumalimbikitsa
kununkhira kwa maini ndi masamba kutatseguka, ndipo koposa zonse kumalamulira kubangula kwa mbalame, zomwe
zitha kumveka pompano. Chapakatikati, tsiku lililonse m'nkhalangozi ndizapadera: mbalame
oimbawo amafika pa dongosolo, ndipo tili ndi mwayi wabwino kuti tidziwane
ndi aliyense wa iwo.

M'nyengo yozizira, nkhalango imamveka pang'ono. Koma kale mu February, mbalame nyengo yozizira imadzipangitsa kumva
m'dera lathu. Oyambayo amayamba kusekerera mwachimwemwe komanso mokoma kuwulira achikasu
ndi zovala zaimvi.

Big tit

Wosangalatsa Titmouse

Tit - Blue Tit

Bullfinch

Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kuimba mopendekera mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo
Woodpeckers ndiopangika ndipo ali ofanana ndi iwo, koma achilendo amakhala ndi zoyera.

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Woodpecker wokhala ndi kumbuyo

White-backed Woodpecker ndi Titmouse

Mu Marichi, adalumikizidwa ndi nuthatch, amadziwika mosavuta ndi chizolowezi chothamanga
pa mitengo ikuluikulu pansi. Twi-twi wawo wamkulu amveka kutali.

Nuthatch

Squeaky, kusaka mitengo ikuluikulu kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, ndi kufufuma komwe mumatha kuzindikira
pamilomo italiitali yopindika.

Pischa

Siskins ndi mafumu akung'ung'udza - mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri,
kutola mitengo yazipatso yakuda.

Siskin

Siskin kuthawa

Mfumu yokhala ndi mutu wagolide

Mafumu

Chakumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo, nkhalango ndi mapaki pakati Russia achokapo
waxawings - mbalame zowala zowoneka zoseketsa komanso zowala, ngati sera,
kachidutswa pamapiko. Thambo ladzaza ndi mawu awo: "Swire-swiri." Wachikazi
waxawings kumpoto taiga kumpoto kwa Europe, Asia ndi America, ndi m'dera lathu
nthawi yozizira yokha.

Mimayi

Kuthamanga

Pakati pa mwezi wa March, maudzu anali m'gulu la oyamba kufika. Kukula kwa rook ndi imvi
kwa khwangwala. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira: thunthu lake lili ndi maula akuda bii, komanso wamkulu
mbalamezi zilinso ndi mphete ya khungu loyera-loyera kuzungulira mlomo. Ndipo mosiyana
kuchokera ku khwangwala wamanjenje "karr", poyambira pang'onopang'ono amati "krra".

Zipatso Zafika

Rook

Kutsatira nthito, mbalame zouluka, zomwe nthenga zake zakuda zimakongoletsedwa
madontho ambiri, oponyedwa dzuwa bwino kwambiri kotero kuti zikuwoneka kuti ndi velvet
miyala yamtengo wapatali yabalalika. Amayimba mosiyanasiyana kuposa mbalame zazing'ono zina:
piye, dinani, squint, ngati mafuta poto, pomwe kwambiri
kutengeka mtima. Oyambitsa nyenyezi - abulutsi abwino
kukhala ndi luso lofanana ndi mawu a anansi a mitundu ina.

Wokalamba wakuda

Wopaka nyenyezi

Koma oyimba kwambiri si amenewo. Matalala onse sanatsike, koma akuyenda kale pamenepo.
kutembenuza masamba okongola poyang'ana nyongolotsi ndi kachilombo koyambirira, kukoka, ndi
mitundu ingapo. Pali malo ambiri okwera, ndipo
masitepe asanu, munthu-wokhala-wofiira wokhala ndi chilembo chapadera pamaso ndi wofiyira
zikopa za mmbali, ndi mkanjo wakuda wokhala ndi mkombero wachikaso kuzungulira maso.
Nyimbo yakusokerera ya bulugamu imakhala yosangalatsa mosiyanasiyana.

Kutupa - Fieldcare

Kutupa - Belobrovik

Mtundu wakuda

Ndipo nayi nyimbo yaubweya - yaying'ono, yokhala ndi malo ambiri odera
pamimba yoyera. Anadzaza ndi mawu omveka bwino (a mbalame zonse
gulu lapakati pakuyimba, ndi wotsika, mwina, kungoyambira usiku ndi ku Oriole)
adabwereza kuyitana kwakukulu: "Filipo! Filipo! Bwera!
Imwani tiyi, imwani tiyi! "- idamveka m'nkhalango yonse ya Epulo.

Nyimbo

Chisa cha Songbird

Mbalame zakuda ndi zoyera zofanana ndi mpheta zomwe zasankha malo otseguka,
mosalekeza ndikugwedeza mchira - awa ndi amuna a ngolo yoyera
(zazikazi ndizakuda ndi zoyera, koma zosiyanitsa), yemwe nyimbo yake ndi yachindunji
ma tweets.

Ngolo yoyera

Achibale awo apamtunda ali m'minda: ngolo zapakati zachikaso ndi zachikasu.

Ngolo zamtondo

Ngolo yamutu wachikasu

Mbalame zowala kwenikweni zikuuluka kwa ife: mitengo: chipewa (cap ndi nape -
imvi-buluu, bere ndi pamimba - pinki, pamapiko - kusiyanitsa wakuda ndi
mikwingwirima yoyera, ndipo kumbuyo ndi bulauni wa azitona) - imodzi mwambiri
okhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki oyenda m'njira yapakatikati yomwe nyimbo yake ndiyosavuta kuzindikira
ndi "stroko" yovuta kumapeto. Zidole nthawi zina "flicker". Imvani izi
ryu-ryu, ngati kiyala kuseri kwa chitofu, dziwani: izi si tizilombo, koma mbalame.
Mwa njira, mbalame yotchedwa "kriketi" ilinso. Kwina amati
Mapeto ake amayimba motere.

Kutsiriza

Patangopita kanthawi kochepa, nyimbo za melodic zokhala ndi mawu okweza "Vzhzhzhiiiu!"
greenfinch crumble - mbalame ndi zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa Finch, okhala ndi mawonekedwe omwewo
mulomo wokulirapo ndipo, monga mungayerekezere, wobiriwira.

Greenfinch

Zaryanki (yemwe amadziwikanso ngati marobota) aphatikizana nawo. Zocheperako
mpheta ndi utoto mosasamala: pamwamba ndi zofiirira, bere ndi lofiira-njerwa,
m'mimba mwayera. Zaryanka - oyimba okongola - nyimbo yawo ndikwanira
yosiyanasiyana ndi yayitali; ili ndi masilabo achitsulo kapena "zitsulo".
Amatha kumveka nthawi zambiri madzulo.

Zaryanka

Chakumapeto kwa Epulo, nsapato zazing'ono, zabwino
Nyimbo yokhadzula "mthunzi-mhunzi-thunzi-ti-tini" ndiyosavuta kukumbukira -
ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu wolowera m'nyumba akachotsa mpeniwo pachitofu.

Penochka - shadowovka

Vesnichki amawoneka, akunja akufanana ndi mithunzi, koma nyimbo yawo
mosiyana kwathunthu - ngati Finch, koma wopanda stroke.

Chithovu

Pali ma clappers-makoswe - mbalame zobiriwira, zomwe nyimbo yake ndiyophweka kwambiri
kumbukirani: ngati kuti ndalama zikhala zikung'ambika - "zip-zip-zip, zip, zip-zip-zip-zirrr"

Wand ndi mbewa.

Ndipo ulemerero ulinso pano. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zozungulira za mtundu wina ndi umzake (kwambiri
zofananira) ndizosavuta kuimba. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kusyasyalana, kosasangalatsa
kuyimba nyimbo ya kumunda - ngati kuti mtsinje ukuyenda ndi miyala.

Garden Warbler

Grey Warblers

Kalulu anafuulira m'nkhalangomo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mbalame zazing'ono zonse pafupi
adakhala chete masekondi angapo, adabisala - aliyense akuwopa nyama yomwe imangodya.

Hawk - Sparrowhawk

Diso la Hawk

Ndipo uyu ndi amene akuuluka, kukula kwa khwangwala, wakuda kwathunthu komanso kumutu kokha -
Kakachipewa kofiyira kakang'ono kokwera? Adakhala pansi, ndikufuula: "Kyuyuyuyu." Zinayamba: ndizowonadi
mdani wina? Ayi, uyu ndi nkhuni wakuda wokhala m'nkhalango zathu,
kapena wachikasu, wamkulu kwambiri wamatabwa athu.

Mtengo wakuda (wachikasu)

Woodpecker wakuda wokhala ndi anapiye

Ndipo nkhuni zazing'ono zowoneka bwino zimakonda kumakhala mmakola, kumtunda kwa mtsinje. Amawoneka ngati
pa mnzake wamkulu motley, koma ochepa kwambiri - ndi mpheta.
Mbalame zotere zimatha kupezekanso ku Moscow, m'mapaki atchire.

Woodpecker Wochepa Spot

Kumapeto kwa Epulo, bluethroats amafika. Amphongo amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi edges
Mzere wofiyira wa bere lamtambo wokhala ndi thonje kapena loyera.
ndipo nthawi zina popanda iwo. Bluethroat ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi usiku wa usiku. Mwachete
Nyimbo yake ndiyosiyana kwambiri - nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi kugona.
"zokwawa". Ndipo mbalameyi imakonda kuwonetsera: yamphongo imayimba ndi kuyimba
Nyimbo, kenako imachoka modzidzimutsa, kufalitsa mapiko ake ndi mchira wake, ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ngati
mukakonzekera, imatsikira kunthambi yomweyo. Ndiwoseketsa, modzikweza
mchira, pomwe ukufanana ndi chilembo Y. Zaryanka, panjira, izi zimachitanso izi.
Ndipo usiku nawonso.

Bluethroat

Ndipousiku watsala pang'ono kulowa, masiku angapo pambuyo pa kubwezerera. Masiku oyamba
Amuna ochita usiku amawoneka kuti akukhala m'malo atsopano, kuzolowera izi
ndipo ali chete. Ndiosavuta kuwaona, sizovuta kumvetsetsa kuti mbalame yakumbuyoyi
(pamwamba pamtambo, wonyezimira pansi) kukula kwa mpheta ndi otchuka
woyimba. Koma ngati muwona zolimbikitsa maulendo angapo ndikuzindikira, ndiye kuti simungatero
pafupifupi osalakwitsa konse. Theka lachiwiri lonse la Meyi ndi kuyamba kwa Juni usiku
makutu athu amasangalatsa makutu athu, kutulutsa zitoliro ndi mphete zosiyanasiyana.

Nightingale

Ndipo kumapeto kwa masika, mitengo itatha kale masamba
Oriole amatuluka. Chingwe chachikulu, chikasu chowala, chamapiko akuda,
Amawonekera kwambiri motero amakhala osamala. Zimakhala zovuta kumuwona, Oriole
Amakonda nsonga za mitengo. "Fiu-liu" - akumveka pamwamba pake
mawu ngati chitoliro. Ndipo kulira kwaphokoso kuli ngati kufuula kwa mphaka yemwe wakwiya.

Oriole

Pafupi ndi chilimwe, nyimbo zimatsika: mbalame zilibe nthawi yakuyimba, ali otanganidwa kumanga zisa ndi kulera anapiye. Koma m'mawa kwambiri, kutacha, onse akuimba mpaka Julayi. Mawu a mitundu ina ya mbalame amatha kumveka mukugwa.

Kuwona mbalame zambiri ndikosavuta: muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, kutenga ma binoculars ndikupita kunkhalango kapena paki yapafupi, kuyesera kuti musachite phokoso kwambiri. Pafupifupi, mudzamva ma buluu, zikwangwani, mithunzi, zobiriwira ndi mitengo, kenako, ndi mwayi. Yang'anani mozungulira, yang'anani mozungulira nthambi, tsatirani mayendedwe awo, ndipo mudzawona kapena kumva pafupifupi mbalame zonse zomwe timalankhula. Ndipo zodabwitsa kuona momwe mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatizungulira.

M'nkhaniyi, sitinatchule abakha ndi akhungu omwe amakhala m'madziwe am'mizinda ndi mitsinje, ma cockoos, kumeza ndi kusinthana, ma Carduelis, anyani ndi mbalame zina. Choyamba, ndikosatheka kuzindikira kukula, ndipo chachiwiri, mbalame zina zimadziwika kwambiri, pomwe zina zimapezeka mkatikati mwa Russia kumapeto kwenikweni kwa masika ndikupezeka masamba obiriwira kale, momwe zimavuta kuwona.

Vadim Boyarkin, Julia Nakhimova

Source:
Nkhani - Buku la "Science and Life" N3 (2011)
Zithunzi - Zithunzi za Yandex, Zithunzi za Yandex

Kodi mudawonapo mbalame itavala buluu lamtambo? Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti mwakumana ndi wokhala m'malo athu otseguka ku Russia - mbalame ya bluethroat. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, adadziwika kuti anali amtundu wa buluu, m'mawa, gawo lamtambo wabuluu. Ndipo kotero - bluethroat - mbalame yovala chapachifuwa.

Mwasayansi, bulethroat imatchedwa Luscinia svecica, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Sweden Nightingale. Mbalame yamawu iyi idatumizidwa ndi asayansi kuti ayitanitse Passeriformes, banja - ma bizinesi akuda, mtundu - nightingales.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani mbalame yokhala ndi mawere abuluu idalandira dzina loti bluethroat mu Chirasha? Amakhulupirira kuti "dzinali" limachokera ku liwu loti "varakat", ndiye kuti, amalankhula pachabe. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala - mbalameyi imakonda "kuyankhula"? Tiyeni tiziyerekeze ...

Moyo wamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe mwachilengedwe

Kuchokera kumalo okhala zachilengedwe, ma bluethroats amakonda zigwa, mitsinje yam'mitsinje, malo otsetsereka, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Malo abwino okhala malo okhala ndi onyowa, okhala ndi malo owirira ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma bluethroats amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango ya tundra strip ndi nkhalango zowirira. Mbalame imamanga zisa zake pansi.

Bluethroat ndi nyimbo yokongola kwambiri.

Pakati pa Ogasiti, mbalamezi zimayamba kuwuluka kumadera otentha nthawi yachisanu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma bluethroats ndi mbalame imodzi. Amapanganso ndege kukhala m'matumba, koma imodzi. Pakusintha kwakanthawi, buluweyu sikuwuluka kwambiri kuchokera padziko lapansi, koma amatha kuyenda mtunda wawukulu kwambiri patsiku - pafupifupi makilomita 100!

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina kuchokera ku liwu loti "bluff" - kuyimbanso, kusewera, pomwe mbalamezi ndi ambuye abwino.

Khalidwe la bluethroat ndiloseketsa kwambiri kotero kuti zomwe zili patsamba lake ndizosangalatsa.Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti bluethroat imatanthauzira mbalame zosatetezeka ndipo zomwe zili nazo zimakhala ndi zake.

Mbalame yotchedwa bluethroat ndi mbalame yofanana ndi mpheta, koma yokongola kwambiri, yocheperako, yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Akamayendetsa udzu ndi nyimbo, amafanana ndi mtsikana wa miyendo yayitali oseketsa nsapato zazitali. Amakhala ngati akuyenda pa iwo. Kusuntha kwake konse kwadzaza ndi chisomo, chisomo komanso ukazi. Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene angathe kuwona bizinesi yachilengedwe.

Bluethroat ndi mbalame yobisalira kwambiri. Amakhala pena paliponse pomwe pali malo opanda chinyezi, ma dambo, madera othinana ndi msondodzi ndi nettle.

Nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'malo okhala anthu. Osawopa kumanga zisa pafupi ndi njirayo kapena pakati pa zitsamba zoyendera mpanda wakale. Ndi munthu watcheru komanso wosamala yekha amene amatha kuwona mbalame yabwino kwambiriyi. Chifukwa chake adawulukira pamwamba pa nthambi ya msondodzi kwa kanthawi kuti ayimbe nyimbo, ndipo adasowanso mu udzu. Kuliwona kwathunthu kuthengo ndizosatheka. Amabwereranso kwa anthu ndipo amakhala wokonzeka kubisala nthawi iliyonse. Chenjezo lake limafanana ndi masewera obisalira ndikufunafuna: kuwonekera kwachiwiri, amasowa ndipo, kubisala, kumangosunga munthu m'munda wamasomphenya. Ngakhale osamuwona, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti akukuyang'anirani mosamala.

Bluethroat ndiye mbalame yokhayo pamitundu yambiri yamphongo yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wachilendo wabuluu. Pakatapira kotentha, chosaiwalika kwambiri ndi malo abuluu onyezimira pakhosi, osonyezedwa pansipa ndi chapachifuwa chamitundu itatu chamtundu wakuda, pakati pa buluu - malo ofiira kapena oyera. Malinga ndi malowa, mtundu wa bluethroat umatchedwa nyenyezi-wofiira kapena nyenyezi yoyera. Nthawi zina pakati pa ma bluthroats palinso omwe nyenyezi imakhala yamitundu iwiri nthawi imodzi: theka ndi lofiira, theka ndi loyera. Ndizosangalatsa kuti poyambira nthenga za nyenyezi mulinso yoyera. Chifukwa chake, mbalame ikaimba ndikutulutsa khosi, ndipo nthenga zapakhosizo zitagugika, kuyera uku kumayamba kuonekera. Mtundu woyera ndi wowala kwambiri kuti umatha kuwonekera ngakhale madzulidwe, pomwe bolthroat ikuwonekera mu nyimbo yake, itakhala kwinakwake paphiri.

Kulanda buluku, ngati nightingale, ndikumatha. Chifukwa cha nyongolotsi, amakhala wokonzeka kulowa mumsampha uliwonse.

Poyamba, ng ombeyo ndi yamtchire kwambiri, imamenya komanso imathyoledwa. Kuti mupewe izi, nthawi zambiri kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira mbalameyo imasungidwa m'ndende - khola lapadera, lomwe limakutidwa kumbali zonse ndi nsalu yowala m'malo mwa nthambi, kapena khola lausiku lomwe lili ndi mapiko omangidwa. Sindinamangepo zokhazokha pandekha, kuwona mbalame yodabwidwa ndi yomangidwa nthawi zonse kumandikhumudwitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino ngati khola la bluethroat ndi la mtundu wa nightingale - lotalika masentimita 8-10, ndodo zamatabwa ndi pamwamba, ndiye kuti, m'malo mwa ndodo, nsalu yopepuka idatambasulidwa pamwamba.

Selo imayikidwa kwambiri, pamlingo wokukula kwaumunthu, ndipo yambiri imakutidwa ndi zopepuka, zopepuka koyamba. Cholinga cha izi ndikupangitsa kuti mbalame zizolowere, kuzolowera chitetezo cha khola, kubisala kuti musawone. Osachepera mitengo iwiri amaiyika m'khola. Amayikidwa kuti chakudya ndi madzi zisadetsedwe. Poyamba, anthu akamaona, amatha kudumpha kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi, kapena kubisala kumbuyo kwa minofu. Pang'onopang'ono, mbalameyo imakhazikika pansi, kusiya kuopa ndikubisala pang'ono. Posakhalitsa chidwi chimayamba kugwira, ndipo khungu limayamba kukuwonerani, likuyang'ana kuseri kwa Cape. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuti musawopsyeze mbalameyo - simuyenera kuyankhula mokweza pafupi ndi khola, kusuntha mwadzidzidzi ndipo sibwino kulola ana ndi nyama kuti zitwere. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti bulethroat si canary, ngakhale yotsirizayi siyosangalatsa komanso si chidole cha ana. Nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso chakudya chamadzulo, ndikofunikira kupereka mphutsi za ufa ku bluethroat. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, minyewa imayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono - woyamba amaphimba gawo limodzi, kenako nkuchotsedwa kwathunthu.

Madzi ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo wa bluethroat. Madzi ndichikondi chake. Pakati pa zovala, Bluethroat ndiye wokonda kwambiri kusamba.Potengedwa ukapolo, izi zimasinthika kukhala mtundu wina wa mania. Mmodzi amangofunikira kusamba ndi madzi oyera, pomwe amalowa m'madzi momwemo ndikugawika mpaka kunyowetsedwa nthenga zomalizira ndikugawana chilichonse mozungulira mita imodzi ndi theka! Chifukwa chake, batu lotsekedwa losungirako lidzakupulumutsani ku pepala lonyowa komanso litsiro lozungulira khola. Chonyowa chomvetsa chisoni, koma chosangalatsa sichitha kutalika kuzungulira khola ndikugwedeza chisa chake. Koma ikangomira pang'ono, mbalameyo imayambanso kuwala ndi mitundu yonse yowala.

Posunga mabuluku, chizindikiritso chimodzi chimayenera kukumbukiridwa. Bluethroat imatha kukhala bwenzi lako kokha ndi malingaliro ako abwino kwa iye. Nthawi zambiri mukamalankhula ndi iye, kumulankhula, kumuthandiza, posachedwa amapanga ubwenzi ndi inu. Izi sizitanthauza kuti zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mudzikokere nokha kapena kukoka mchira, monga ma budgerigars amalola. Buluti samalola kuzolowera kotero. Bwenzi ndi mnzake, koma sungani mtunda wanu! Popita nthawi, ndi mtima wodwala komanso wokoma mtima, bulthroat imaphunzira kutuluka ndikulowa m'khola, imakhala yosachedwa - imangotenga nyongolotsi mosavuta kuchokera ku zala zanu, ndipo ngati mungayipeze kuwuluka mozungulira chipindacho - chidzakutsatirani komanso ngakhale kuthana nawe olibwebweta.

Pofuna kum'phunzitsa kuti atuluke yekha ndi kulowa m'seloyo yekha, pamafunika kupirira kokha. Tsegulani chitseko ndi kulolera kuti mbalame zizolowere. Kenako ikani china chake chokoma patsogolo pa chitseko. Ndizosatheka kukakamiza njira yolemetsa, mbalameyi imayenera kuchita chilichonse mwakufuna, popanda kukakamizidwa. Ndipo mwamtheradi ndizosatheka kumuyendetsa m'chipindacho kuti mumuyendetse khola: mumusiyitse kanthawi kochepa. Siyani pang'ono achanjala. Ndipo kenako ndikumayika mphuthu zingapo za ufa m'khola pafupi ndi khomo. Pasanathe mphindi zochepa, mbalameyo imakhala pachimake ndi nyongolotsi mkamwa mwake.

Kudyetsa

Chakudya cha usiku, ma buluu, ma redstart ndi mbalame zina zosatetezeka ndizosakaniza ndi tchizi chouma chophika, chofufumitsa ndi chofinyira, mazira owiritsa ndi ophwanyika, gammarus wouma, nyama yophika pansi. Ichi ndiye maziko. Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wokonda kusinthanitsa amasakaniza izi ndi zowonjezera - nthawi yozizira amawonjezera maukonde owuma, buledi, mkaka, zipatso za juniper ndi elderberry wofiira, jamu ndi rasipiberi, currant, ndi zina zotere. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zakudya zimasiyanasiyana. Chinyama chanu chimakhala bwino. Ndipo, inde, tsiku lililonse mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zabwino muyenera kupatsa nyongolotsi za 6-7.

Tsopano, chakudya chapadera cha mbalame zosatetezeka chimalowetsedwa m'masitolo athu achiweto. Chakudyachi ndichabwino chifukwa sichitha kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mutha kusiya mbalameyo kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Tsoka ilo, izi sizipezeka paliponse, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Inde, sitiyenera kuyiwala za zakumwa. Madzi akumwa amatha ndipo amayenera kuperekedwa m'mbale ina yabwinoko kuposa mbale yakumwa yopanda pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa kuyera kwake.

Kuyimba

Bluethroat ndi woimba wamkulu. Nyimbo yake ndi nkhokwe ya mafuko omwe abwerekedwa kwa mbalame zina. Koma ichi sichinthu chophweka. Bluthroat mwaluso amapanga ntchito zonse kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndipo wayilesi ikayamba kulira pafupi kapena mbalame ina ikamaimba m'khola, mpikisano umayamba: ndani ayimbira ndani? Asayansi omwe adaphunzira nyimbo ya bluethroat apeza kuti ndi nyimbo zawo, mbalame "zitha" kuuza aliyense owazungulira nkhani zatsopano kuchokera pagulu lazithunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyimba nyimbo za oyandikana nawo, kuwasintha, amatha kuwawopa komanso kungawasokoneze.

Buluti yemwe amagwidwa akafika nthawi zambiri amayamba kuimba sabata yoyamba. Poyamba pamakhala chete, koma tsiku lililonse kumayamba kulira. Kumverera ndikuti, ngakhale atakhala akapolo, moyo watsopano, momwe zinthu ziliri, zomwe zimapezeka mumtokomo ndizolimba kuposa zonsezi.

Tsoka ilo, pakati pa mabulangete palinso anthu chete. Chifukwa chake, osaka mbalame, asanakadzigulire woyimba mtsogolo, amapita kumakilomita ambiri kumapeto kwa tsikulo mpaka makutu awo atasiya kuyimba nyimbo ya talente yapadera.

Ubale ndi mbalame zina

Mbalame zambiri zimangokhala ndi nthawi yobereketsa. Nthawi zina, amakhala osayanjana wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zambiri - amakangana ndewu.

Ma Bluethroats osamalidwa bwino amakhala zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi - zokwanira mbalame zamtunduwu. Mwachilengedwe, chiyembekezo chamoyo nthawi zambiri chimakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chifukwa chake m'malo a anthu osamala mosamala mbalame yanu imatha kukhala chiwindi chambiri. Zachisoni zokhazokha ndizowuma kwa mitunduyi mchaka chachiwiri chokonza. Ngakhale ndikudziwa okonda ena omwe, mchaka chachiwiri, mbalame idakhalabe yokongola ngati chilombo.

Evgeny Malakhanov, dera la Bryansk

Ndi wa banja lakuda.

Kutalika kwa thupi si kupitirira 15 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera pafupifupi 13 mpaka 23 magalamu. Bluethroat (monga tawonera Chithunzi ) imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulawuni, nthawi zina imachita nthenga za imvi.

Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo, ali ndi khosi lamtambo, pansi pake pali chingwe chowala cha chestnut, pakati ndi chobowola ndi chofiira, koma palinso zoyera.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtundu wa mawanga, nyenyezi, umakongoletsa mbalame, komanso umapangitsa kudziwa malo omwe idabadwira.

Mthunzi wofiyira umawonetsa kuti akuchokera Kumpoto kwa Russia, ochokera ku Scandinavia, Kamchatka kapena Alaska.

Ndipo nyenyezi zoyera zikusonyeza kuti bulethroat mbadwa zakumadzulo komanso pakati Europe. Mwa akazi omwe ndi ocheperako kuposa anzawo, mitundu si yowala kwambiri.

Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mkanda wabuluu kuzungulira pakhosi ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa kudera lonse. Mwa achichepere, mawanga ndi owoneka bwino komanso ofiira.

Miyendo ya mbalameyo ndi yofiirira, yayitali komanso yopyapyala, kutsindika mgwirizano wa mbalameyo. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda.
Mbalame yochokera ku dongosolo la Passeriformes ndipo ili ndi mitundu yambiri. Anapeza malo okhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse, kukhazikika ngakhale m'nkhalango yozizira.

Makamaka ku Europe, ku Central ndi North Asia. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira kumwera: kupita ku India, South China ndi c.

Mwa luso loimba nyimbo yotsika mtengo tingaiyerekeze ndi usiku

Ma Bluethroats nthawi zambiri amabwera pamaso pa munthu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika m'maenje akulu a zitsamba, m'mphepete mwa matope a mtsinje kapena m'madamu oyaka ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pafupi ndi mitsinje.

Komabe, mbalame zochenjera zimakonda, zazing'ono, kuti zizioneka m'munda wowonera munthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri zimawavuta kufotokoza momwe amawonekera.

Khalidwe ndi moyo bluethroats

Mbalamezi zimasamukira, ndipo zimabwera kuchokera kumadera otentha kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, chisanu chikasungunuka ndipo dzuwa lowonda liyamba kuphika.

Ndipo zimawuluka kumapeto kwa chirimwe kapena kanthawi pang'ono, kumapeto, kukazizira. Koma samasonkhana m'matumba, amakonda ndege imodzi.

Bluethroats ndi oyimba opambana. Komanso, mbalame iliyonse imakhala ndi yakeyake, payokha, ndipo palibenso wina monga.

Mitundu yazachilendo, mamvekedwe awo ndi nyimbo. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi kuthekera kolondola molondola, mwaluso kwambiri, mawu a mbalame zambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amakhala mdera lawo.

Mverani kuyimba kwa bluethroat

Chifukwa chake kumvera kuyimba nyimbo , ndizotheka kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mbalame yanji yomwe amakumana nayo nthawi zonse. Mbalame zokongola ndi zabwino ngati izi zimasungidwa m'khola.

Kuti mbalame zizikhala zosavuta, zimakhala ndi zida, kukonza nyumba, malo osambira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imalola mbalame kuti zizikhalapo, chidwi chofuna kuwona ena ndikudabwitsa aliyense ndi mawu awo odabwitsa.

Sinthani madzi akumwa tsiku lililonse, ndipo mudye ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, tchizi chophwanyika, zipatso zamatcheri ndi ma currants. Mutha kusintha, ndikupereka mphutsi za ufa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Chakudya Bluethroat

Kukhala waulere, ma bluthroats amakonda kudya tizilombo tating'ono: kapena agulugufe. Amadyera udzudzu ndi ntchentche, ndikuigwira nthawi yomwe ikuuluka.

Koma ndi kupambana komweko amathanso kudya zipatso zakupsa za mbalame kapena elderberry.

Mbalame zimangokonda, zikugudubuka masamba adagwa, nthambi zouma ndi humus, zimadzifunira chakudya, ndikutola china chake kuchokera pansi.

Kuyenda malo ndi malo mumadumphadumpha wamkulu, amathamangitsa ziwala ndi akangaude, amapeza obisalira, amafufuza mayonesi ndi.

Nthawi zina, sanyalanyaza kudya phwando la achule ang'onoang'ono. Atagwira mbozi yayitali, mbalameyo imayigwedeza m'mwamba kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ichotse nyama yomwe ili nayo kale, kenako ndikuyimeza.

Bluethroats imabweretsa zabwino zambiri pakudya mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndiye chifukwa chake anthu nthawi zambiri amadyetsa mbalamezi m'minda.

Ma Bluethroats amafunikira thandizo lamunthu. Chifukwa chake, poyang'ana kutetezedwa ndi mbalame ndi anthu, mu 2012 idalengezedwa kuti ndi mbalame ya chaka chino ku Russia.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa bluethroat

Poyesa kudabwitsa atsikana omwe ali ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa, amuna amakumbukira nyengo yakukhwima ndi machitidwe awo achilendo.

Panthawi yotere, amadziwika ndi maula owala kwambiri, omwe amayesa kukopa akazi achimuna kuwawonetsa asterisks ndi zizindikiro zina zokongola zachimuna.

Amakhala ndi makonsati, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtondo. Kenako zimakwera mumlengalenga, ndikupanga ndege zamakono.

Kuyimba, komwe kumatula ndikung'ung'udza, kumachitika pakubala kwa dzuwa ndipo kumakhala kogwira ntchito m'mawa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chachikondi cha wosankhidwa pakati pa omwe amamufunsira kuti azimvetsera, nkhondo zoyipa popanda malamulo ndizothekanso.

Awiriawiri, ma bluthroats amalumikizana moyo. Koma pali nthawi zina pamene wamwamuna amakhala ndi mabanja awiri kapena atatu nthawi imodzi, kuwathandiza kubereka ana.

Chithunzi chake ndi chisa cha bluethroat

Zomanga Ziwawa za Bluethroat Pamakhala udzu wambiri, ndipo moss umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera kunja, kukhazikika m'maenje a zitsamba ndi tchire.

Zomera zimawoneka ngati mbale yakuya, pansi pake imakutidwa ndi ubweya ndi mbewu zofewa. Kuuluka nthawi yachisanu, maluwa obiriwira omwewo amayambiranso chisa chawo chakale.

Ndipo yamphongo yalengeza kuti malowa adatengedwa ndi kuyimba kwamtundu uliwonse, ndikusinthana kwa matani akuthwa komanso omveka. Amachita izi, osati kutali ndi chisa kuthawa ndikukhala m'malo ake othawirako.

Mazira a Bluethroat amaika zidutswa za 4-7. Amtundu wa maolivi wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira.

Amayiwo akusaka anapiye, bambo amatenga chakudya cha osankhidwa ake ndi ana, omwe amawonekera milungu iwiri.

Makolo amawadyetsa ndi mbozi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Amayi amakhala masiku angapo ndi anapiye atabadwa.

Patatha sabata limodzi, amawona bwino ndipo posakhalitsa amasiya makolo awo. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. NDIPO Anapiye a Bluethroat akuyesabe kugwiritsitsa kwa makolo awo pomwe akudziwa kuwuluka bwino.

M'madera akumwera, komwe kubereka kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri mu mbalame, nthawi zambiri abambo amapitiliza kudyetsa ana okulirapo pamene amayi awo akuyamba kumene kubala kumene.

Zimachitika kuti mabulangete, amasiyidwa popanda banja, kudyetsa anapiye osawadziwa, otayika ndi otayidwa ndi makolo enieni.

Nthawi zambiri, ma bluethroats amakhala ndi moyo osapitilira zaka zinayi, koma machitidwe akukonza pakhomo nthawi yawo imatha kuchuluka.

Mwa mbalame zonse, ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kukopa kwake. Gulu la mbalamezi limakhala zokhala m'maenje, omangidwa ndi mitengo yolumikizira mitengo kapena kupanga chifukwa chowola nkhuni, komanso kumanga zisa zawo kuseri kwa khungwa la mitengo youma, yopindika mizu, mitengo.

Wamba nyenyezi

Nyenyezi yodziwika imakhala ndi maula akuda omwe amakhala ndi chitsulo chonyezimira, mchira wodera komanso mapiko. M'dzinja, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa nyenyezi, maonekedwe oyera kumawonekera, mbalame zazing'ono pakhosi ndizowala. Anzathu a gululi amakhala pafupi ndi midzi ndi midzi. Nyenyezi wamba imadzipezera chakudya nthawi zambiri pansi, nthawi zina pamitengo.

Nthata zimakhazikitsidwa m'miyala ya mitengo, m'nyumba zopikira mbalame kapena m'maenje. Mazira amaikidwa pakati pa kasupe (Meyi-Epulo). Clutch - mazira 5-7 a mtundu wabuluu.Mbalame zimadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tambiri tambiri tomwe tili tizirombo ta m'minda yathu (masamba scoops, raspberries, nutcrackers, kabichi centipedes). Akuyerekeza kuti nyenyezi yomwe ili ndi nyenyezi, kudyetsa anapiye ake, imapha kachilomboka mpaka Meyi 8,000 ndi mphutsi zawo.

M'busa

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Mutu, khosi, mchira ndi mapiko a nyenyezi ya pinki yakuda ndi utoto wachitsulo, mapangidwe ena onsewo ndi pinki. Mwa achichepere, maula ndi opepuka. Mbalame yachikulire ili ndi mutu wake pamutu pake. Iyi ndi mbalame yosamukira kumwera kumwera kwa Russia. Zingwe zimapangidwa m'miyala yamiyala, m'mphepete mwa miyala, m'matope a nkhuni. Dzira limayikidwa mu Meyi-June, lili ndi mazira a 6 amtundu wabuluu.

Nyenyezi yapinki imawononga mwachangu dzombe ndi tizirombo tina. Chakudya cham'mawa chokha, mbalame ya pinki imafunikira dzombe lokwanira 50-60; patsiku lomwe limadya tizilombo zazikulu 200.

Gray nyenyezi

Zowonjezera zamtunduwu zam'mimba zokhala ndi imvi, thupi lakumtunda, mbali zam'mutu ndi zam'mimba ndizoyera, khosi ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikuda, maziko a mulomo ndi wachikasu owala. Zowola zazimuna zimakhala zowala, mwa achinyamata maula ndi ofiira.

Gray Starling - mbalame yosamukasamuka, yomwe imakhazikika m'nkhalango zosakanizika ndi mitengo, imasungidwa m'matumba. Dzira litagona mu Meyi-Juni, lili ndi mazira 4-8 a mtundu wabuluu. Chithunzi chojambulidwa kuyambira paubwana: thirakitala wogwira ntchito m'munda ndikuyamba kuthamangitsa ndikuyamba kulima. Zosankha zokhala ndi imvi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphutsi ndi nyongolotsi zazomera.

Nyumba Mpheta

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Mpheta zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Wamphongo amakhala ndi mutu wa imvi, mmero ndi chifuwa chapamwamba - chakuda, m'mimba ndi mikwingwirima pamapewa zimayera, kuyambira pakamwa ndi kavalidwe ka bulauni kamadutsa m'maso. Mu mbalame zazikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono, maula ndi a bulauni, kumunsi kwa thunthu ndi lopepuka. Kumbuyo, matumba opepuka komanso amdima.

Mpheta zanyumba zimakhala pafupifupi m'nkhalango yonse ya Russia. Amakhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi. Zoyala m'miyala ya nyumba, pansi pa madenga a nyumba, nyumba ya mbalame, m'makina otsetsereka pamipata.

Kulakwitsa kumachitika mu Epulo - Julayi, muli mazira 5-6 a mtundu woyera kapena wa imvi.

Mpheta zam'makomo zimadyetsa anapiye awo ndi tizilombo, nkhupakupa, ma arthropod, chakudya cha mbalame zachikulire zimathandizidwa ndi mbewu za namsongole zosiyanasiyana.

Mpheta

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Mpheta ndizing'onozing'ono kuposa mpheta yam'makomo. Makulidwe am'mbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira zofiirira, zamkati zofiirira kumbuyoko, ndi kapu ya "bulauni" pamutu. Mmbali zake ndi zoyera, chifuwa ndi m'mimba zimayera, khosi limakhala lakuda, malowo ndi akuda pamasaya. Zachikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofananira, koma zopepuka pang'ono.

Field Sparrow amakhala ku Russia konse. Munthawi ya chisa, imatsatira malo obzala mitengo, nthawi yonse yomwe imakonda nyumba zaulimi ndi masheya.

Ming'alu imakhazikika m'maenje, pansi padenga la nyumba, m'nyumba zopikira mbalame. Dzira limayikidwa mu Epulo - Julayi; limakhala ndi mazira 48 oyera kapena amtundu wamtundu wakuda.

Amadyetsa anapiye ndi nsikidzi zazing'ono, akangaude, hymenoptera ndi tizilombo tina. Kudya kwa anapiye a ana oyamba kumakhala ndi mphutsi za tchupi lodziwika bwino, chiwombankhanga cha paini, mbozi za mchira wa elm. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timawonjezerapo chakudya cha ana amwana wachiwiri, mpaka 80% yonse.

Zowonerera zikuwonetsa kuti mpheta zimadyetsa anapiye ake nthawi 26 kuposa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi 300 pa tsiku. Kwa masiku 15, makolo amawulukira chisa ka 4 500.

Jackdaw

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Pa jackdaw, pamwamba pa mutu ndi khosi imakhala imvi, mitundu yonse yotsalayo ndi yakuda yokhala ndi sheen wachitsulo kumbuyo ndi mapewa. A jackdaw amakhala makamaka ku Europe ku Russia ndi madera akumwera kwa Siberia. Ma Jackdaw amasungidwa m'matumba. Ichi ndi mbalame chodziwika bwino kumidzi ndi midzi. Ma Jackdaws amakonda kusanja pansi padenga la nyumba zokhalamo, m'maenje, ma chimneys, m'maenje.

Ma dothi 6 obiriwira obiriwira 6 amachititsa mazira a bulauni mu Epulo-Juni. Iyi ndi mbalame yopatsa chidwi, idyetsa anapiye ake ndi ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana, mphutsi za zikumbu zazikulu. Ngakhale makoswe ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala chakudya chake. Ma Jackdaw amakonda kachikumbu ka masamba, kafadala pansi, njovu, kafadala wakuda, nutcrackers, ndi gourds. Chakudya chotsalazo ndi zakudya zam'mera: nandolo, oats, mphodza.

Mtundu wa Blue

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Kutsogolo kwa Bluehead ndi masaya ake ndi oyera, pakhosi, kumavala pachifuwa komanso kuzungulira masaya akuda, chifuwa komanso pamimba ndi chikaso. Pamutu pali "chipewa" cha buluu, zokhala ndi ma buluu kumapiko ndi mchira, kumbuyo kwake ndi kobiriwira.

Amakhala pakati komanso kumwera kwa Russia. Mtundu wa buluu umakhazikika m'minda yolimba. Ino ndi mbalame yokhazikika komanso yoyenda. Zingwe zimakonzedwa m'maenje a mitengo. Mazira amtundu wabuluu ndi oyera ndi mawanga ofiira, amtundu wabuluu amawayika mu Epulo-Meyi. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 5-10.

Chakudya chamtundu wamtambo chimakhala makamaka ndi tizilombo, nthawi zambiri - zamasamba. Mtundu wa buluu umadyetsa anapiye ake ndi mauvu ndi mphutsi zawo, nsikidzi, mbozi za gulugufe, kangaude kakang'ono komanso kangaude. Mokulira, gawo la buluu limawononga tizirombo tambiri ta m'mundamo ndi m'nkhalango: miyala yopanda matope ndi milili.

Nthawi yakuimba ndiyapakati pa Marichi ndi pakati pa Julayi, osayimbidwa nthawi yayitali.

Buluu wopanda mutu

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Kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira wa mtedzawu ndi zofiirira, pamutu pake komanso malo omwe ali pansi pa mulomo ndi a bulauni. Imakhala m'malo osakanikirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zoweta m'maenje.

Kugona mazira oyera ndi mawanga ofiira mu Epulo-Juni. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 7-8. Ndi nyengo yozizira pofunafuna chakudya iwo amauluka kupita ku ziwembu zawo.

Iyi ndi mbalame yosavulaza yomwe imawononga tizirombo tambiri. Zida zamagetsi zimadalira nsikidzi, mbozi, pupae wa moths, scoops, timapepala. Kudyetsa anapiye, gadget amawuluka mpaka chisa mpaka 20 pa ola limodzi.

Kuyimba kumayamba kumapeto kwa Januware komanso kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February ndipo kumatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Sitimayi Yotentha (Grenadier)

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Tambala iyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha kuyera kwakukulu kokhala ndi mivi yoyera yakuda pamutu. Zowonjezera zam'mbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, kummero ndi mikwingwirima pamwamba pamaso ndikuda. Thupi loyera ndi zokutira.

Kanyumba kamtembo kamene kali kumwera kwa Europe ku Russia. M'nyengo yozizira, amayendera minda yamaluwa, kufunafuna chakudya m'nthambi za mitengo. Timu yopanda kanthu imadyera tizilombo ndi akangaude. Amakonda ma weevil, kafadala, masamba amphaka, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito nthangala pachakudya.

Tambala tating'onoting'ono timapanga zisa m'matumba okhala ndi mabowo opapatiza (osapitirira 30 mm mulifupi). Maenje amenewo nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika kwambiri, pafupifupi pafupi ndi nthaka.

Kuyimba kumayamba muFebruwari-Marichi, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi chilimwe.

Big tit

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Ichi ndiye chachikulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya ma tini. Zowonjezera zamutu, kummero, mikwingwirima pachifuwa chachikaso, kudutsa kwamkati. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wonyezimira, kumbuyo ndikobiriwira kapena imaso zachikasu, masaya ndi malo kumbuyo kwa mutuwo ndi oyera.

Amakhala ku Russia. Imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhwawa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nti imakonza dzenje. Mazira oyera okhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofunika kugona m'March - June. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 9-13.

Amapeza chakudya, monga zipatso zonse, pamitengo ndi tchire. Imakonda zakudya za nyama, ndipo nthawi yozizira imadyanso chakudya chomera. Chakudya chachikulucho chimadya chakudya chambiri tsiku lililonse chokha.

Kuimba pafupipafupi kumayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February.

Common Redstart (Coot)

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Zowonjezera zamphongo zazimuna ndi zazikazi ndizosiyana mwanjira ina. Mwaimuna, pamwamba pa mutu, khosi ndi kumbuyo kuli imvi, msuzi umayera, mbali za mutu, khosi limakhala lakuda, thupi lam'munsi ndi mchira wake ndi ofiira owala. Chachikazi chimakhalanso ndi mchira wofiyira, pamimba loyera, ndipo masamba enawo ndi a bulauni. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, maula ndi a bulauni okhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka ndi mchira wofiyira.

Redstart wamba amakhala ku Europe ku Russia komanso kumwera kwa Siberia. Zingapo za redstart zimatha kuwoneka m'miyala yamiyala, ndipo wofundayo amakonda kukhazikika pansi pa denga la nyumba zokhalamo ndi nyumba zopangira matewera. Mazira a redstart ndi oyera kapena amtambo wabuluu. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 4-6.

Mbalame imadyetsa anapiye ake ndipo amadzidyetsa okha ndi tizilombo. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira nyama, kufunafuna chakudya kumatha kuyenda pansi ngati gareta, kugwira tizilombo mumlengalenga, ngati ntchentche, kusonkhanitsa chakudya panthambi za mitengo komanso kuthengo, ngati chingwe chankhondo kapena gawo limodzi.

Wouluka ntchofu

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Muwotcheka wamphongo, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi, kumbuyo, mapiko, mchira ndi wakuda, mzere wopyapyala pamphumi, mikwingwirima pamapiko, pamphumi ndi thupi lamunsi ndi loyera. Zambiri mwa mbalame zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala zofiirira.

Mbalameyi yokhala ndi thukuta imakhala ku Europe komanso Russia kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia. Amanga zisa m'maenje. Mazira amayikidwa mu Meyi-Juni, mazira ndi owoneka bwino amtambo, clutch imakhala ndi mazira 5-7.

Khungubwi yowotcha imadyera ntchentche, agulugufe, zofunda, michere, mphutsi zokhala ndi michere, nthangala, kafadala wama masamba, nsikidzi za mitengo ndi tizilombo tina.

Grec flycatcher

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Tambala touluka tating'ono timakhala ndi chifuwa chapamwamba, mchira, mapiko otuwa, masamba amtundu wautali pamutu ndi kumbuyo. Kunja kwa thupi ndi koyera ndi kansalu ka bulauni ndipo amakwawa pachikepe ndi pachifuwa.

Gulugufe wotuwa limakhala ku Europe konse ku Russia ndi kumwera kwa Siberia yakum'mawa. Zingwe zimakonzedwa munthaka ya nthambi zomata zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa khungwa lobooka kapena m'maenje, komanso kukhazikika pansi pa denga la nyumba. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mazira 6 obiriwira okhala ndi dzimbiri kumayikidwa mu Meyi-June.

Kambuku wamtundu wamtunduwu umagwira tizilombo nkuthawa. Amatha kudya ntchentche pafupifupi 450 patsiku. Iyi ndi mbalame yopanda kuzindikira kwambiri, nthawi zina awiriawiri nthawi imodzimodzi amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana okhala malo amodzi. Gulugufe wotuwa ndi losavuta kukopa kutsambali.

Moscow

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Mutu ndi chifuwa chapamwamba cha Muscovite ndi zakuda, masaya, malo kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi chifuwa amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera. Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi ndi utoto wonyezimira wa maolivi, mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira, m'mimba ndi m'mbali zake ndi zoyera ndi tint yoyera. Ino ndi mbalame yaying'ono.

Muscovite amakhala m'malo ophatikizika komanso osakanikirana ku Russia. Mbama zimasungidwa zoweta nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi titmouse. Pomwe sipakhala chisa, imawulukira m'midzi ndi m'midzi, ndikuwonongera tizirombo m'minda ndi minda yamasamba. Moscow imapanga zisa m'maenje.

Muscovite amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo, koma nthawi yozizira zakudya zake zimapangidwanso ndi nthangala za mitengo, makamaka conifers. Amakonda kachilomboka, mbozi, Lepidoptera pupae, akangaude, nyongolotsi zazing'ono, weevils, pine ziboko.

Kuyimba kumayamba muFebruary.

Ngolo yoyera

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Mu ngolo, kumtunda kwa mutu, nape, goiter, kumtunda kwa chifuwa ndi mchira kumakhala ndi maula akuda, kumbuyo ndi imvi kapena yakuda, mphumi, chingwe kuyambira mkamwa kudzera m'maso mpaka khutu, mikwingwirima m'mbali mwa mchira ndi pamapiko ndi thupi lonse lakumunsi. M'matola achichepere, maula ndi amvi komanso opanda mawanga.

Wagtail amakhazikika m'madzi osefukira ndi madzi ena ambiri. Iyi ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino ku ziwembu zapakhomo. Ali padziko lapansi nthawi zonse, amathamanga yekha, nthawi zambiri - awiriawiri. Zingwe zimamangidwa m'maenje, pansi pamadenga a nyumba, m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'miyala yosweka.

Mazira a galeta ndi oyera ndi mawanga amtundu, ngolo zawo zimayikidwa mu Epulo - Julayi. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira 5-6.

Malo amalo omwe galeta limasaka chakudya ndiokulirapo, posaka chakudya mbalameyo imawuluka mamitala 200-300 kuchokera pachisa.

Ngolo yoyera imangodya zakudya za nyama zokha: tizilombo touluka, akangaude, weevil, kafadala. Phindu lalikulu kuchokera pagaleta m'mundamo, pomwe mbalameyi imathamangira m'mabedi posaka nyama. Wagtail sakonda udzu wautali, amakopeka kwambiri ndi njira, njira, zokulira ndi namsongole.

Sakonda kuyimba - kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yochezera.

Nuthatch

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Mbali yakumwamba ya thupi la mbalameyi ndi yaimaso-abuluu, mapiko ndi mchira wake. Kuyambira mlomo kudutsa diso mpaka khutu pali kamtambo wakuda, pachala mchala pali mawanga oyera, pakhosi ndi loyera, chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwayera ndi tint yoyera.

Nuthatch amakhala m'nkhalango pafupifupi Russia. Nuthatch imakwera mitengo yamtengo, nthawi zina imalumikizana ndi gulu la mbalame. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala moyo wosakhazikika. Zingwe zimamangidwa m'mabowo, khomo lolowera kuphomalo limalumikizidwa ndi dongo kuti muchepetse kukula kwake.

Nuthatch amayikira mazira mu Epulo - Juni. M'malo mwake muli mazira oyera 8-8 okhala ndi maonekedwe ofiira.

Zakudya za Nuthatch zimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'ono (masamba kafadala, nsikidzi, mbozi za njenjete, agulugufe, ndi zina) ndi mbewu za mtengo (hazelnuts, acorns, mbewu za mapulo, mbewu za alder, conifers).

M'minda yanyumba, nuthatch imatha kukhazikika m'nyumba zopikira mbalame, ma titm, omwe amapachikidwa pamtunda wamamita 4-8, amakonda nyumba zam mbalame. Mtundu wa mphuno sulekerera agalu anzawo pamalo ake, pomwe samapereka chidwi ndi zisa zina, mwachitsanzo, umatha kukhala m'malo enaake.

Nuthatch nthawi zambiri imayamba kuyimba kumapeto kwa dzinja, kumayambiriro kwa makulidwe, kuyimba kumatha.

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Mbalame yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola akuluakulu owoneka ngati fan. Makulidwe a hoopoe ndi ofiira, pamimba pali kuwala, mapiko ndi akuda ndi mikwaso yoyera yambiri, mchira ndi mzere wa matenthedwe ndi wakuda, maziko a mchirawo ndi oyera.

Hoopoe amakonda malo otseguka, amakhala kum'mwera kwa Russia, amathanso kupezeka m'chigawo cha Moscow. Tizilombo m'miyala, milu yamiyala, m'miyala yamiyala, m'miyala. Ma Clutch a 8-9 amapanga mu Meyi-June, mazira ali ndi imvi. Amapeza chakudya padziko lapansi, amadya ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana.

Kestrel

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Kestrel ndi mtundu wocheperako. Ili ndi mapiko akuluakulu ndi mchira wautali. Pamwamba pa thupi la kestrel pamakhala zofiirira zokhala ndi timizere tozungulira, pansi pamatopo pali timiyala tating'ono, mutu timachita imvi, ndipo kumapeto kwa mchirowo kumakhala mzere wakuda. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, maula ndiwosalala.

Amakhala ku Russia konse kupatula tundra. Mbadwa wamba m'midzi ndi m'midzi. Tizilombo m'mayenje, mu apics, akhwangwala akale ndi akhwangwala. Ululu umachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi; uli ndi mazira achikuda a 4-6 okhala ndi mawanga ofiira.

Zakudya za Kestrel - makoswe ochepa ndi tizilombo tambiri (dzombe, ziwala, ndi zina).

M'madera apakati pa Russia, kestrel, yomwe imakonza zisa zake m'makomo, ndizomwe zimachitika.

Brown owl

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Makulidwe a kadzidzi a mnyumbamo ali omveka bwino ndi zidutswa za kuwala kuchokera ku bulauni pang'ono mpaka utoto wofiirira. Kadzidzi amakhala kum'mwera kwa Russia, amakonza zisa m'makola, omwe nthawi zambiri amadzikumba okha, amawapangitsa kukhala ozama kwambiri. Amakondanso kukhazikika munyumba zomwe zasiyidwa m'makomo.

Amaikira mazira mu Epulo-Meyi. Clutch imakhala ndi mazira oyera 4-8. Chakudya cha kadzidzi chanyumba ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, chimatha kugwira mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zina, zimakonda abuluzi, tizilombo tambiri.

Kadzidzi wa nyumbayo akuwonongeratu makoswe okhala ngati mbewa, choncho ayenera kukopeka mwamphamvu ndi ziwembu zapakhomo.

Mu gawo lotsatira - gawo lachitatu, mutha kudziwa zomwe zimalankhula zoulukira mbalame zouluka.

Kodi mbalame zokhala ndi m'mawere zimadya chiyani?

Chakudya chachikulu cha bluethroats ndi tizilombo: nyerere, ndi mphutsi zawo. Tizilombo tonse tokhala ndi mapiko komanso miyendo isanu ndi umodzi tikhala pa “podyera” mbalame ya Bluethroat.

Tizilombo ndi chakudya chachikulu cha bluethroats.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi imadya tating'ono, mphutsi, komanso timadya zipatso zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi kuswana kwa ma bluethroats

Kuyamba kwa nyengo yakukhwima kumadziwika ndi kulira kwakukulu kwa mabuluu achimuna. Amuna, monganso mausiku, amayimba nyimbo zokongola, zokopa zazikazi kuti apange chisa cha banja. Ndipo amunawo amawonetsa kukongoletsa kwawo pa chifuwa, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa miyambo yaukwati.

Atamanga chisa, chikazi chimayikira mazira anayi mpaka 7. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi yino, oyankhula ang'onoang'ono amawonekera. Pafupifupi masiku 13, mbadwo wachichepere umakhala mu chisa, nthawi yonseyi makolo amadyetsa ana kwambiri kotero kuti amakula msanga ndikukula. Masabata awiri atabadwa, anapiye akewo akutuluka tchire, ngakhale kuti satha kuuluka. Amayenda pafupi ndi makolo awo ndikuphunzira kwa iwo zoyambira zokhala pawokha.

Robin ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yodumphapo, yolimbikira komanso yokongola kwambiri. M'mitundu yonse yomwe anthu amakhala, mbalameyi ndi chizindikiro cha kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kutanthauza tsiku labwino.

Robin - mbalame yaying'ono, yoyimbira, yolimbikira komanso yokongola kwambiri

Ngakhale kuti zaryanok zonse zili ndi malo owala pachifuwa pawo, amakhalabe ndi zithunzi zolaula. Monga mbalame zambiri, zazimuna zimakhala ndi zowala zambiri kuposa zazikazi. Kuchokera pamwamba imachita imvi yomweyo, koma malaya akutsogolo amapentedwa ndi ma toni owala bwino omwe amafalikira mbali yonse ya mutu, mpaka pafupi mpaka khosi.

Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhazikika, msana wawo ndi woderapo ndi mawanga ofiira. Mapiko, pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi m'mbali zimapakidwa matani ofiira. Belly ndi kumbuyo kwa mchira ndizoyera.

Monga mbalame zambiri, zazimuna zimakhala ndi zowala zambiri kuposa zazikazi. Pamwamba pali imvi yomweyo, koma malaya akutsogolo amapentedwa ndi mitundu yowala.

Chifukwa chake, kupaka utoto wofiirira kumakhala kwa akulu okha. Achinyamata omwe achoka chisa tsopano si owala komanso owoneka bwino.

Chikopa choyera

Mndandanda wathu wa "Mbalame za ku Moscow Region" umatsegulira chisamba choyera komanso chopatsa chidwi

Mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi maula oyera komanso mlomo wamtali wautali. Khungu lakuda lomwe limakhala m'mphepete mwa mapiko limayambitsa kubowola kwa msana wakuda ndi nkhusu. Mu nthawi yozizira, amasamukira ku Africa ndi India. Mbalameyi imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe munthu amakhala padenga la nyumba kapena mitengo.

Brown-mutu gait: mafotokozedwe

Mbalameyi imakhala ndi thupi laling'ono lopepuka, mpaka 14cm kutalika ndi masikono 9-14 g, khosi lalifupi komanso kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa bulauni. Pamwamba pa mutu wamkulu komanso nape ndi mthunzi wakuda bii. Mapiko ambiri am'mbuyo, apakati komanso ang'ono, mapewa, nadhvoste ndi m'munsi kumbuyo amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Maseke ndi oyera. Maso owaza amawoneka m'mbali za khosi. Pamaso pa khosi pali otchedwa malaya-kutsogolo - malo akulu akuda. Mlomo umakhala ndi mbalame yakuda pansi yoyera yokhala ndi chotupa pang'ono mbali zake, miyendo ndi miyendo ndi imvi yakuda.

M'munda, chida chamtundu wa bulauni chimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi chokhala ndi mutu wakuda. Kusiyana pakati pa awiriwo ndikuti wopanga amakhala ndi matte osati chovala chakuda chakuda ndi mzere wamtali wamtambo kumapiko achiwiri. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mwa mbalamezi chimatha kutchedwa kuti kuyimba kwawo.

Kufotokozera kwa mitundu: gait wakuda wokhala ndi mutu wakuda

Mphete zokhala ndi mutu komanso zofiirira zakuda ndizofanana: zimakhala ndi maulusi otuwa kwambiri otuwa, ofikira masentimita 14, mapiko apamwamba amafika masentimita 22, kulemera kwake sikupitirira magalamu 14, khosi lalifupi kwambiri ndi mutu waukulu, masaya ndi khosi m'mbali mwake ndizopepuka, pafupifupi zoyera. Pansi pali zodetsedwa zoyera, mulomo ndi wofiirira-wakuda, ndipo miyendo imachita imvi.

Mtundu wakuda wa mutu wakuda unayamba kufotokozedwera mu 1758, womwe ndi mutu wa bulauni - mu 1827, kuyambira mchaka chino pomwe kuphunzira kwawo kwathunthu kunayamba, komanso kufunafuna kosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse.

Ma gaiters okhala ndi mitu ya brown ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, ali ndi dzina lawo lachiwiri - kuwomba, chifukwa nthenga zimakhala zotentha kwambiri nyengo yoipa. Amakhala ndi chipewa chakuda chakumaso pamutu ndi nape; malo amtundu womwewo ali ndi malo kutsogolo pakhosi. Omwe amakhala ndi mutu wofiirira amakhala achidwi kuposa oimira ena amtunduwu.

Mu zovala zakuda zakuda, chipewa sichikhala chopepuka, koma chonyezimira, ndipo malo pakhosi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Zowoneka modabwitsa zazimutu zakuda zimaphatikizapo mchira wautali ndi mutu wocheperako, komanso kuyenda kwakukulu, amathanso kuwuluka ndikuimba mwachangu.

Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zida zamagetsi

Kutali, mitundu iwiriyi ya mbalame imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawu awo; omenyera omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda amakhala ndi mitundu itatu yokha ya nyimbo m'mabuku awo: makina, chiwonetsero, komanso chibwenzi cha akazi. Zoyambirira komanso zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zazimuna, ndipo chiwonetserochi chimatha kumveka kuchokera kwa chachimuna komanso chachikazi pakusaka mnzake.

Mawu osangalatsa a zovala zamutu wakuda ndi osiyanasiyana. Amapanga maphokoso onse awiri kuti amafuula, ndipo adapanga zolinga zapadera: chibwenzi, kuteteza chisa ndi chachikazi, kuteteza gawo ndi wamwamuna, kukopana, ndi zina zotero. Nyimbo yamtundu uliwonse imakhala ndi mitundu 20 yosiyanasiyana.

Malo okhala mbalame

Mbalamezi zimakhala kumpoto kwa North America, Europe ndi Asia ndipo zimangokhala moyo wokhazikika - awa ndi amodzi mwa oimira ochepa mwa mbalame zomwe zimasungira chakudya nthawi yozizira ndikungoyendayenda ngati malo omaliza - kupeza chakudya kumayambiriro kwamasika kapena nyengo yozizira.

M'miyoyo yawo yonse, agalu amakhala pamtunda wa makilomita asanu - gawo laling'onoli limasankhidwa nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbalameyo ndipo imakumbukiridwa moyo wake wonse. Dera laling'onoli limaphunziridwa bwino kumanga zisa, kupeza chakudya ndi malo okhala.

Malo okhala zokhala ndimutu wakuda ndi wamutu wakuda ndizosiyana. Mitengo yofiirira imakonda nkhalango zowuma, zowuma, imatha kupezeka mosavuta m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yodzala ndi zitsamba, pomwe ndizosatheka kukumana ndi munthu.

Blackheads nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi midzi, mizinda, matauni, koma mosakhazikika kapena, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, nkhalango zosakanikirana ndizoyenera kwambiri. Zokonda zimaperekedwa m'malo okhala mabisidwe otsika ndi madambo, pomwe pali mitengo yambiri yakufa.

M'malo osiyanasiyana momwe amakhala, omenyera omwe amakhala ndi mutu wakuda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mutu wa bulauni ndipo samalekerera abale okhala ndi mutu wa bulauni m'gawo lawo, ngakhale nthawi zina amasankha oimira anzawo osowa nthawi yozizira.

Kodi mbalame zamtunduwu zimadya chiyani?

Mitundu yonse ya zipatso zamtunduwu imadya zofanana: chakudya chachikulu chimaphatikizapo mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, juniper ndi mpendadzuwa), zipatso za mitengo, mtedza waung'ono, tizilombo (nsikidzi, mphutsi, ndi zina). Chifukwa chakuti zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo nsikidzi zovulaza, ma fait amatengedwa ngati ochiritsa achilengedwe omwe amathandizira kunkhalango.

M'chilimwe iwo amadya zakudya zamtchire ndi nyama, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndi masika iwo amabzala. Koyambilira kwa nyengo yachisanu, ma gitala okhala ndi mutu wakumwa amamwa msuzi wa birch, ma aspen ndi mapulo, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayendera odyetsa omwe amakhala pafupi ndi minda (ngakhale amawayendera kawirikawiri) ndipo, chopatsa chidwi, iwo amabisa mbewu zomwe zimapezeka mwa odyetsa nkhalango.

Anapiye a mitundu yonseyi m'masiku oyamba amoyo amadya zakudya zokhazokha ndipo pokhapokha ndi nthawi yomwe chakudya chomera chimayamba kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Chizolowezi cha kusungika mu zovala zamtengo wapatali chikuwoneka koyambirira kwambiri - kale pamwezi. M'nyengo yonse yamasika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, mbalame zimapanga mosalekeza nyengo yachisanu.

Chapakatikati, mbewu za pine ndi spruce zimadzaza, nthawi yophukira, ma gaiti amabisa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu za mbewu. Nthawi yoyambira nyengo yachisanu mpaka nthawi yozizira, mbalame imodzi imakhala ndi malo osungiramo malo osungirako (makungwa a mitengo, ma cones ndi malo ena otetezedwa), ngakhale gawo limodzi lokha la magawo atatu okha limadyedwa nthawi yozizira (malo ambiri amasungidwa).

Chida chamtundu

Zisa zokhala ndi mutu wa bulauni kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, ndi mutu wopanda mutu wakuda kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, nthawi izi, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amasangalala kwambiri, kuyimba kwambiri, kuwuluka, kumenyera akazi, kufunafuna malo okhalapo chisa. Maanja amagwira kufikira pomwe wina amwalira.

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mbalame zazing'ono zimayang'ana banja lina m'gawo lapafupi kuchokera kwawo. Ngati mnzake sanapezeke, amachoka m'malo awa ndikuyamba kufunafuna zabwino kumadera akutali a nkhalangoyi.

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mwa anthu 1000, 300 okha ndi omwe amapulumuka, mbalame pafupifupi 50 zimakhalabe ndi zaka 5, ndipo zitatu zimakhalabe ndi zaka 6-7, ngakhale kunyumba nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala zaka 9.

Kukakamira mbalame zachikulire kumapezeka pafupifupi m'malo amodzi, kumalo ena, komwe amuna amateteza kwa chaka chathunthu. Nthawi zambiri, zida zokhala ndi zofiirira zimapanga zisa zatsopano;

Kuti apange bowo latsopano, mbalamezo amazidula nkhuni ndikupita nazo kutali kuti asaulule malo omwe nyayo ili. Maenje amapangidwa mumtengo wakufa kapena wowonda, chifukwa mitengo yamoyo ndiyolimba kwambiri kuti simatha kukhazikika komanso mulomo wawung'ono wa chida.

Musanatuluke padzenje, chimatsukidwa ndikuzama kuti chisinthidwe ndikusangalatsa chisa. Nthawi zambiri Mitundu yamitengo imasankhidwa, imaphatikizapo chopera, larch, birch, aspen. Zimatenga masiku 12 kuti mupangiremo kapena kusintha akale. Kuzama kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 cm.

Popanga chisa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, akuda amagwiritsa ntchito moss, ubweya, matebulo, nthenga, ndi mitu ya bulauni amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi, makungwa, nthenga, ubweya, ndi makungwa a birch.

Kusamalira Nkhuku

Mbawala zokhala ndi mutu wa bulauni zimayikira mazira kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo zokhala ndi mutu wakuda kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, mu clutch imodzi pali mazira oyera 9 ku kachidutswa kakuda. Kukula kwa dzira limodzi kuli pafupifupi 15x12 mm.

Masiku 15 oyamba, mkaziyo amasaka mazira osasiya chisa, ndipo champhongo chimamudyetsa ndikumuteteza. Mkazi amatha kusiya chisa pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati kwa nthawi yayitali palibe wamwamuna woti azidzipezera yekha chakudya. Pomwepo mu Epulo - Meyi anapiye azisoti zokhala ndi mutu wakuda atuluke, ndipo mu Julayi - omwe ali otuwa.

Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amawadyetsa limodzi, akumawabweretsera chakudya. Mu nthawi yozizira, chachikazi chimakhala pachisa ndi anapiye, kuwatenthetsa, ndipo kutentha kumatha kusiya chakudya.

Pakatha masiku 18, anapiye amatha kuuluka, komabe sangathe kupeza chakudya chawochawo. Pamasiku 12 otsatirawo, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amawaphunzitsa kuti azipeza chakudya, kuyendayenda m'deralo, kupeza chisa.

M'moyo wawo wonse, iwo amaswana ndi kusamalira ana oposa m'modzi, akumawasamalira mpaka amphwayi atha kukhala okha ndi nkhalango yamtchire. Moyo wama gaits ndi wovuta komanso wosatsimikizika, okhawo amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amakonda kwambiri zakutchire, ndipo, tsoka, pang'onopang'ono, amapulumuka kuchokera ku anapiye akuluakulu amkati mwa nyengo.

Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Dinani Monga: Zolemba zosangalatsa kwambiri m'gawoli:,

Mbidzi ya mutu wofiirira, kapena mbalame yakuda, yaimvi, ya nondescript. Chubby adatchedwa kalembedwe ka nthata yozizira nyengo yozizira. Mbalame yaying'ono y imvi yokhala ndi mpango waofesi yotseka pachifuwa pake. Msana wake, mapewa, mmunsi kumbuyo ndi imvi, mchira wake ndi wodetsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira, mapiko ake ndi a bulauni.

Chida chokhala ndi bulauni ndicofalikira m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zam'mapiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi: ku North America, Europe (kupatula madera ake akumwera), kumpoto kwa Asia, Caucasus, Sakhalin ndi zilumba za Japan.

Zida zimasungidwa pawiri. Mbalamezi zimadzala m'nkhalango zowongoka kapena zowuma, ndipo zimamanga nyumba mwanjira yapadera: mosiyana ndi ma tini ena, kamtundu tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa dzenje, kenako ndikuyika chisa mkati mwake. Pokhapokha ngati zalephera, amakhala m'misasa yokonzedwa kale, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zopendekeka, zazing'ono zazing'ono zamitengo kapena mabowo awo akale. Mu zisa zopanga, ma chubs ndi osowa kwambiri.Zidutswa zingapo zimadziwika zomwe zimapezeka m'malo osazolowereka - pansi pa mitengo, m'miyala yakale, m'malo otsetseka ngati theka, mumtengo wazotengera pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi achikaso.

Zingwe zophulika, zopota zazing'ono, mizu yowuma, zimayambira, moss wouma, ndi tsitsi la nyama zimagwira ngati makonzedwe a makonzedwewo. Ntchito yomanga chisa ndichachikulu kwambiri: mu ola limodzi pali ofikira 12-14 pamalowa ali ndi zomangira. Komabe, maora onse 1-2, mbalame zimasiya kumanga kwa maola angapo. Munthawi yawo yaulere kuchokera pakumanga chisa komanso nthawi ya kuyikira mazira ndi mkazi, nthawi yambiri banjali limathera kuphika chakudya. Pafupifupi, zimatenga pafupifupi masiku atatu kumanga chisa chokha.

Mu chisa chotere ana aang'ono amakhala milungu yawo yoyamba ya moyo. Makolo onsewa amawadyetsa mosiyanasiyana.

Mpaka mwezi wa Julai, timbanja tating'ono timangirizidwa ku chisa, pambuyo pake azilumikizana m'matanthwe osangalatsa kwambiri ndikupangaubwenzi ndi mafumu ndi mbalame zina zazing'ono. Mpaka nthawi yozizira yoopsa adzayendayenda m'malo osiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala chakudya chokwanira cha mbalame, zimatha kuwoneka m'mapaki amtawuni, m'minda, pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Chakudya cha gaiter wokhala ndi mutu wakuda chimakhala chosiyanasiyana - chimakhala makamaka mbozi, ma weevils ndi akangaude.

Monga mitundu ina ya ma tini, ndulu munyengo yachilimwe komanso yoyambilira ya nyundo zimasunga chakudya - tizilombo, akangaude, ndi zina. Chikhalidwe chofuna kusunga zakudya m'makomawo chimatchulidwa kwambiri. Chaka chonse, amabisa gawo la chakudya chomwe chimapezeka. Kusungirako kwa zakudya kumatha kuonedwa ngakhale nthawi yozizira, kumawoneka, pazovuta kwambiri. Achinyamata otukula amayamba kubisa chakudya mu Julayi.

Zovala zobisala zimabisala malo awo m'malo osiyanasiyana: pamitengo yolumikizana ndi yowuma, nthawi zambiri pamtchire, stumps, ndipo ngakhale pansi pamunsi pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Pa conifers, ma puffers amakhala ndi masheya pafupifupi mbali zonse za mtengowo. Chakudya chobisika nthawi zina chimakutidwa ndi chidutswa cha khungwa kapena lichen. Patsiku limodzi, phukusi limodzi limatha kukonzekeretsa ndikufika mpaka masauzande awiri a ma pant!

Komabe, ma gadget, mwachiwonekere, musakumbukire komwe kuli masheya ndi kupeza chakudya chobisika mwa mwayi, limodzi ndi woyamba uja. Kugwiritsa ntchito masheya nthawi zina kumayamba pokhapokha pokhapokha masheya. Zina mwazomwe zapezeka zimadyedwa ndi mbalame, zina zimabisidwanso. Chifukwa cha kubisidwa kosalekeza, chakudya chimagawidwa mochulukirapo m'malo a chiwembu. Zosungidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, osati kokha ndi ma gait, komanso mitundu yambiri ya zipatso, komanso mbalame zina nthawi yozizira.

Gulu la buluu nyengo yachisanu ndi gulu logwirizana, mamembala onse omwe amadziwa bwino mawonekedwe a mnzake, zomwe zimawathandiza kupewa mikangano yosafunikira. Mndandanda wamalamulo olamulira moyo wamagajeti ndiosavuta - mbalame iliyonse imadziwa kugonjera ndi yemwe akuwonetsa mphamvu yake.

Zida zitha kukhala chitsanzo cha kukhulupirika muukwati, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pakumverana kwa chikondi kwa abwenzi ndi chizolowezi chokhala m'gawo lomwelo.

Chiwombankhanga chagolide

Mbalame zina zodya nyama pafupi ndi Moscow, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe ake omwe aperekedwa pano, sangafanane ndi Golden Eagle. Choyimira ichi cha kubedwa kwa hawk ndichachikulu kwambiri. Mapiko ake ali ndi kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Zinthu zomwe amazisaka ndi makoswe, ntchentche, anaankhosa, ngakhale abulu ang'ono.

Kutanthauzira Poecile montanus

Gawo lonse la Belarus

Banja Titmouse - Paridae.

Ku Belarus - P. m. borealis.

Mitundu yokhazikika yokhala malo okhala komanso mitundu yoyenda pang'ono.

Kunja, onse kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake wa zulu ndizofanana kwambiri ndi chida chamutu wakuda. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wakuda wakuda pazowoneka bwino pamutu, mulomo wotalikirapo pang'ono komanso kupezeka kwa malire owoneka bwino pamatanthwe akunja a mapiko apamwamba. Mlomo ndi wodera, masaya ali oyera, pali malo akuda pakhosi, pamimba pake ndiuve, kumbuyo ndi imvi ndi tint brownish. Kulemera kwa kwamphongo ndi 10-11,5 g, wamkazi ndi 10-12 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 12-14 masentimita, mapiko ndi 16.5-22 cm, kutalika kwa mapiko ndi 6-6.5 masentimita, mchira ndi 6 cm, ndi tarsus 1 cm.

Amakhala m'nkhalango zowononga kwambiri komanso zophatikizika zamitundu ina yamtundu wa taiga. Malo okhala nkhwawa za paini, mitengo ya paini yosakanizika ndi mitengo ina yolimba, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi mitengo ya sphagnum, spruce ndi spruce-deciduous yomwe ili ndi mitengo yakale ndi chitsa chowola. M'masamba osakanikirana, amasankha ziwembu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi pine kapena spruce. Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, komanso mkati mwa nkhalango. Nthawi zina amakhala m'malo oyandikana ndi munthu, nthawi zina amakhala zisa m'mapaki akuluakulu a nkhalango pamaso pa mitengo yopanda phokoso kapena kuthekera kosungitsa malo obowola matabwa owola a alder kapena birch.

Kunja kwa nyengo yakubereketsa, nthawi yakusuntha-yozizira, imakonda kupezeka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo m'minda ndi m'mapaki komanso m'makomo a chilimwe mu magulu omwe ali ndi titmanja ena amafunafuna chakudya.

Spatial niche yamtunduwu ndi akorona amitengo (paini, oak, aspen, birch, alder), zitsamba ndi chivundikiro cha udzu.

Mu Marichi - Epulo, mapangidwe a awiriawiri amawonedwa, nthawi ino nthawi zambiri mumamva akuimbira aamuna - aziyimba mimbulu yovomerezeka mobwerezabwereza. Mbalame yoyimba ikusunthira m korona zamitengo nthawi zonse. Kuyimbaku sikuyimba, ngati chida chamutu wakuda, koma kokhwima, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi mawu a "ji-ji-ji. ". M'mwezi wa Meyi - Juni, mphamvu zakuimbira zimachepa kwambiri, kenako zimakula pofika nthawi yoti anapiye atuluka m'chisa, pomwe amuna ndi akazi akuimba.

Amaberekera magulu awiriawiri m'mabowo, omwe nthawi zambiri amawatchingira ndikudziwolokera mumiyendo yovunda, yosemedwa pamiyendo yamtengo kapena yowola pamtunda wa 0.5-1.5 m. Amuna ndi akazi onse amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga dzenje. Zochepa zimagwiritsa ntchito mizere yokonzeka, koma nthawi zonse imakonza ndikuzama. Kupanga kwa dzenje kumatha masiku 520, zisa - 4- masiku.

Kutalika kwa dzenje la bomba sikupitirira 25-35 mm. Pansi pa dzenje, chisa chaching'ono chimamangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zamatabwa, zidutswa za makungwa ndi panicles ya mbewu. Ndi chuma ichi, chisa cha puffer chilinso chosiyana ndi chisa cha mtedza wofanana ndi wakuda wakuda. Polembera amagwiritsa ntchito tsitsi ndi tsitsi, kuwonjezera fluff masamba, cobwebs kwa iwo. Mwapadera, zinthu zochepa kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chisa, kapena ngakhale mbalame imatha kuchita popanda iyo, ndiye palibe chomwe chimachitika mumalobo kupatula fumbi la nkhuni. Pazitali za thireyi pafupifupi 5 cm.

Clutch imakhala ndi 6-9 (nthawi zambiri 7-8), nthawi zina mazira 5 kapena 10. Chipolopolocho chimakhala choyera, choyera kwambiri, chofundidwa ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wowoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimapanga mathero ake. Malo akuya kwambiri ali ndi ubweya wofiirira. Kulemera kwa dzira 1.3 g, kutalika 14-17 mm, mainchesi 11-13 mm.

Dzira likugona mchaka chachitatu cha Epulo - khumi yoyamba ya Meyi. Pali ana amodzi mchaka, koma nthawi zina pamakhala awiri. Kuphatikizika kwazungulira kwachiwiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus kumawonedwa mpaka theka la Julayi.

Yaikazi imagona masiku 14 mpaka 14, nthawi yomwe yamphongo imamubweretsera chakudya.

Makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiye. Pazaka pafupifupi 18, anapiye amachoka chisa. Makolo anathawa kuchokera ku zisa za ana osabadwa amadyetsa masiku 7-11 pafupi ndi dzenje. Pafupifupi sabata imodzi atachoka, anapiyewo amayesa kupeza okha chakudya. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi wachokapo, ana amaphatikizana, kenako kenako, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimasamukira, pokhapokha nthawi yozizira ikudutsa kumoyo wokhala.

Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Belarus, chiwerengero cha anapiye chisa ndi 4-8, avareji ya 6.2.

Malinga ndikuwona zisa ziwiri, momwe mudalinso anapiye 6 ndi 7 a masiku 8-10 m'matchi a Tomashovsky (dera la Brest), kuchuluka kwa chakudya kudyetsedwa ndi chisa ndi makolo kudali 200-280 kangapo patsiku. Amadyetsedwa amatengedwa pafupi ndi chisa. Dera lokasaka malo kuyambira 4,5 mpaka 11,000 m², pafupifupi 8.7,000 m².

Chakudya cha zida zokhala ndi bulawuni chimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso tinthu tina tating'ono tating'ono, kuphatikizapo nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, tizilombo tokhala ndi mazira, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambiri ndi nyongolotsi.Mbeu za conifers ndi mbewu zina (mbewu za spruce, paini, mlombwa, zipatso ndi mbewu za phulusa lamapiri, buliberries, alder, birch) zimadyedwanso ndikupatsidwa chakudya kwa anapiye awo. Mu kasupe, mbalame zimaphatikizapo ma anthers a aspen ndi alder mu zakudya, kumwa birch sap.

Chingwe chimadyetsa mbozi za agulugufe, akangaude ndi cocoon awo, ndi mphutsi za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Atatsala padera kuchokera pachisa, makolo amayamba kudyetsa anapiye ndi mbewu.

Mu nthawi yophukira, mbalamezi zimapanga timiyala tambiri (imodzi kapena zingapo), ndikuzibisala m'makungwa a khunguli, pansi pa kholalo ndi m'malo ena obisika. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mbalame iliyonse imakumbukira ma pant ake ambiri, imayang'ana pafupipafupi ndipo nthawi zambiri imabisa zomwe zili. Zosungidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka panthawi yakusowa kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ndi mbalame zina.

Chiwerengero ku Belarus ndi chokhazikika, akuyerekeza 400-600,000 awiriawiri.

Akuluakulu omwe adalembetsedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 11 miyezi 4.

Capitcaillie

Capercaillie - woimira wina wowerengera wa mndandanda "Mbalame zaku Moscow Region"

Mbalame yokhala ndi gulu la nkhuku kukula kwa nkhuku. Akazi ndi amuna ndiosiyana kwambiri, onse amtundu komanso kukula kwake. Zimawuluka molimba kwambiri komanso popanda phokoso, popanda kukwera pamwamba kwambiri popanda nkhalango. Mbalameyi imatchedwa ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a larynx. Nthawi yamasewera a chibwenzi imamveka yolira, panthawi yomwe imatha kumva.

Wachibale wa khwangwala, koma wowonda kwambiri. Mtundu wachitsulo wakuda ndi kusapezeka kwa maapozi patsogolo pa mulomo kumasiyanitsa kuzungulira kwake. Zimakhala pafupifupi ndi chilichonse chomwe chimatha kuchita. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi zinyalala za anthu, nyongolotsi ndi tirigu - zonse kuti azilawa.

Kutumiza

Kupunthira palokha kumatha mphamvu, koma kumakhala ndi mawu owoneka bwino ngati bere la lalanje ndi mulomo

Mukawona zolemba zomwe mbalame za m'chigawo cha Moscow zalembedwa, chithunzi chawo ndi mafotokozedwe sizikopa chidwi chachikulu. Mtundu wakuda wa bulauni, wakuda ndi m'maso owoneka ngati dzimbiri sukundilepheretsa kupanga mawu okongola, omwe amatha kutchedwa kuti kuyimba.

Kingfisher

Mbalame yaying'onoyi imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mulomo wawukulu wokhala ndi mkondo pakhungu lalifupi. Miyendo yopyapyala ndi mapiko afupi amathandizira chithunzi chonsechi. Ndi zonsezi, kingfisher ali ndi maula owala kwambiri: kumbuyo kwake ndi mapiko ake ndi amtambo, ndipo pansi pa thupi lake ndi chikaso. Mbalame imakhala m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, pamene imasaka pafupi ndi madzi.

Mallard

Madzi ophatikizika amtunduwu ndi kholo la bakha wamba. Ali ndi thupi mpaka masentimita 60 kutalika kwake ndipo akulemera mpaka 1.5 kilos. Mowonjezereka, ma dimorphism amakuwonera, omwe amakhala pamaso pamayendedwe amtambo wobiriwira wamutu komanso kolala yoyera. Mallard ndi mbalame yamalonda, chinthu chosakira cha asaka.

Kobchik

Zoyimira Falconiformes. Bodzala kakang'ono ndi miniconcon. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda, anyani aamuna amakhala ndi "mathalauza ofiira", ndipo akazi amakhala ndi mutu wofiyira komanso thupi lotsika. Monga oimira onse a Falconiformes - mlenje wamkulu. Ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imasaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ikugwira mwachangu nsapato zake khumi zakumwamba.

Bullfinch

Woimira wowala kwambiri wa banja lokhala ndi khungu. Mawere ofiira owala a ng'ombe zamphongo amawoneka bwino kwambiri nthawi yozizira pa chipale chofewa. Amadya zipatso ndi zipatso zotsalira pamitengoyi. Kukula kwa bullfinch kulibe kukula kuposa nyenyezi.

Nyanjayi imakhala yocheperako kuposa nsombazo

Imafalitsidwa kwambiri m'gawo la dziko lathu. Ali ndi nthenga zoyera ndi mutu wakuda. Imadyera nsomba. Zomera pafupi ndi madzi amadzi oyera. Kukula kwa chinsaluchi ndi kocheperako kuposa chibale chake cha kunyanja.

Nightingale

Mfumu ya nyimbo. Ndi kukula kwake kakang'ono, ili ndi mawu okongola modabwitsa. Palibe zodabwitsa pali fanizo la "kuyimba ngati usiku."

Moni okondedwa owerenga tsambali zokhudza zinyama. Alexander akulumikizana nawe. Mukudziwa, mwamwayi ndidakumbukira momwe ndidasangalalira posachedwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa kwa mbalame zokongola kumalo athu ogulitsa mbalame pamtengo pafupi ndi nyumba.Nthawi zonse timapachika ambiri pamtengo uliwonse nthawi yozizira.

Ndipo nthawi iyi, mbalame zokongola zidawulukira kwa odyetsa, omwe sitinawaone kale m'chilimwe. Awa anali mbalame - zipatso. Wokongola kwambiri, osang'amba maso ako. Munkhaniyi ndikuwuzani mitundu yamitundu yokhala ndi tayi ndikuyang'ana zithunzi zawo.

Mitundu ya zithunzi ndi mayina

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti ma thunzi achikasu amawuluka, chifukwa amatha kuwuluka kutchire nthawi yachilimwe ndikukakhala kumeneko nyengo isanayambe.

Koma tsopano, pomwe mafunde oyamba asanutsa, zipatso za chipale chofewa zidzawoneka mlengalenga - tini tidzafikira mokhalamo anthu. Pafupi ndi munthu nthawi zonse mumatha kupeza crumb ya chakudya. Inde, ndipo munthuyo amakumbukira wokhala ndi tsitsi: kukonzera chakudya, kumayamwa chidutswa cha mafuta osaneneka. Chilichonse kwa iwo, cha tini ndi abale awo.

Mbalame zazing'ono zimasonkhana m'magulu nyengo yozizira ikadzayamba, chifukwa ndikosangalatsa kwambiri nthawi yachisanu, imapulumuka.

Poyang'ana koyamba, zikuwoneka kuti mbalame zonse ndi zofanana, kupatula kuti zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika. Izi sizili choncho. Nayi chizolowezi Titmouse - Bolshak . Iye ndi wamkulu. Mafuta ake ndiwowoneka bwino: m'mimba ndi wachikasu ndi chingwe chakuda pakati. Mtundu wakuda ndi chipewa. Amapanga zosiyana kwambiri ndi masaya oyera. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo kuli utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira.

Matumba akuluakulu ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri pamayendedwe ake. Amadumphira pachimtengo, akuyang'ana tizilombo zobisika pansi pa khungwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalamezo zikuyankhula mokweza pakati pawo. M'chilimwe, nkhalango yapafupi kwambiri imakhala kwawo.

Pafupi ndi nyumba yayikulu, mbalame zazing'ono zikulumpha. Amasiyana ndi zazikulu pamtundu wa maula. izo mtundu wabuluu . Zili ndi zipewa za buluu komanso zingwe zakuda pachifuwa komanso pamimba. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtengo wamtambo wabuluu, amatha kupendekera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nthambi yopyapyala. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chawo sichabwino. Mitundu ya buluu sichidzikhumudwitsa, pangani phokoso kwa odyetsa, kuthamangitsa mbalame zina.

Wachibale wa Blue Tit mwana wamfumu . Kalonga alibe zachilendo. Amavala “zovala” zamtambo ndi zoyera. Mbalameyi ndiyosowa kwambiri, ndipo zambiri za izo zidalembedwa mu Red Book.

Mu nkhalango yamdima yamdima mumakhala zofanana ndi mtengo waukulu - mbalame yotchedwa Muscovite . Zikuwoneka kuti, chifukwa cha kudera komwe amakhala, mapangidwe ake achepa. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalameyi idakonkhedwa ndi miyala ya malasha. Itha kuzindikiridwa ndi malo oyera pakhosi.

Muscovites ndi oyandikana nawo thobwa ndi tsitsi lamutu wakuda . Izi ndizotsanso. Misana yawo ndi yofiirira, zam'mimba ndizopepuka, pamakhala malo akuda pamutu, yemweyo pansi pa mulomo. Alongo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu awo ndi zokonda zawo: puffer ikhoza kupezeka pakati pa mitengo, gadget yokhala ndi mutu wakuda m'nkhalango zowuma pafupi ndi malo osefukira a posungira.

Pafupipafupi, koma mutha kumawonabe mbalame yokongola yopaka. Pamafunika mbalame yodziwika bwino grenadier . Kamodzi m'zaka za m'ma 1800, zida zapamwamba za ma grenadiers zinali ndi ma crests ofanana. Grenadier amakhalanso ndi dzina wamba - wosokedwa tit.

Mbalame zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa chifukwa zimakhazikika m'maenje. Maenje omwe atayidwa ndi mitengo yodutsa kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa ndi chilengedwe timakhala mumtengo. Zakudya zake ndi tizilombo ndi mbewu. Omwe amakhala m'nkhalango ya spruce, mwachilengedwe, amadya nthangala za zipatso za spruce. Ngati mbewu za cones sizili bwino, zipatsozo zimasinthidwa.

Mitundu ina yopatsa thukuta la tizilombo ndi mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimayiwala za penti zawo, koma m'matangadza siziwononga. Amadyeredwa ndi iwo omwe ali oyamba kuzindikira phokoso lotere.

Titha kunena kuti ma tiniwo ali ndi adzukulu ake, ndikupanga banja losiyana. izo ma toni atali-tali . Amadziwikanso asitikali chifukwa zikuwoneka ngati zitini zazing'ono ndi chogwirizira yayitali. Awa "ophika" ndi omanga abwino.

Zomangira zawo ndi moss. Nyumba zolimba komanso zolimba zimapezeka kuchokera mmenemo, zomwe zimatha kupezeka kudzera pachipata cham'mbali chokha. Monga lamulo, nyumba izi ndizabwino.

M'nyengo yozizira, ma toni atali-tali amapanga gulu loima pawokha. Amatha kutsagana ndi mitengo yamatabwa ngati itafooka.Kenako titmouse imatha kusaka pansi pa khungwa la nkhuni zopindika.

Chiyembekezo chachikulu mu mbalame za chisanu chikugona pa iye. Ngati azithandiza mbalame nthawi yozizira, zimubwezerani nthawi yabwino. Okondedwa owerenga, ndimafuna kukufunsani, koma kodi mumadyetsa mbalame nthawi yozizira ndikupanga odyetsa? Nenani izi m'm ndemanga patsamba lino. Ndipo kenako tinena ndikuwonetsa munkhani zotsatirazi - momwe mungapangire odyetsa mbalame. Kodi mungakondwere?

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