Kamodzi pa nthawi mu kukula kwa m'dera limeneli panali mbalame ija, yomwe umasonkhezera mantha mu zolengedwa zonse zamoyo. Pamene inanyamuka, mitengo inagwa, ndipo nyama zinabisidwa ndi mantha akulu. Nthawi ina, mulungu atayenda mozungulira mtsinjewo, adamva kubangula kowopsa ndikuwona nyama zikunjenjemera ndi mantha. "Vuto ndi chiyani?" - anapempha Mulungu. Ndipo nzika za taiga zidamufotokozera za kuchuluka kwakukulu. Mulungu adacemera mbalame ikulu. Grouse anapanga zifukwa zimene iye anali wokondwa kuti asaphe anthu ena a m'dera limeneli, koma iye sakanakhoza chifukwa cha kukula chachikulu. Ndipo Mulungu adalinganiza kuti agawanenso nyama yoyera ya hazel grouse pakati pa nthumwi zonse za banja lankhuku, ndipo otsalawo akhalebe ku hazel grouse. Ndipo anatero. mbalame zonse adalandira chakudya kuchokera nayonso chimphona, ndi chifukwa, iye anali kanthu katsalira. Koma sanakhumudwe ndikuyanjananso ndi tsogolo lake - kukhala nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri pa gulu la Kuroobrazny ndipo masiku ano pokhapokha nthawi zina amawawopseza anthu omwe amakhala mu taiga pomwe, amachoka, amachoka pansi ndi phokoso.
Malamulo akumalo
wamaluwa ambiri amakonda otuwira grouse chifukwa ndi zomera osatha, ndipo palibe kufunika amadwala kubzala chaka chilichonse. Imafalikira ndi mababu apansi panthaka, omwe amakhala ndi miyeso 2-6, m'machimake omwe mumakhala impso. Kuchokera kwa iwo komwe mababu atsopano amapanga.
grouse Yellow
Kuswana
Pali njira ziwiri: seminal ndi zamasamba.
Njira yoyamba ndi mbewu - Zoyenera mitundu yonse yazomera.
Mbewu zitha kukolola pambuyo zonse kuyanika mabowo a chomera. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mukakolola. nthaka ayenera kukhala thanzi, monga grouse chidzakula kuno kwa zaka zingapo. Zofesa mbewu zizikhala m'mizere pafupifupi 10cm kuti zitheke. Pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala mtunda womwewo. Kuya mbewu mayikidwe ndi 1 cm. Mbande adzaoneka m'chaka cha chaka chamawa. Chaka chilichonse, mbande zimadyetsedwa.
Mababu a biennial amayenera kukumbidwa ndi kusungidwa m'malo otentha chilimwe. Izi zachitika kuwateteza ku chinyezi nthaka. Izi ndi njira zovuta, gawo la mababu amatha kufa. Ngati mukukula mbande zosagwira mbewa za hazel grouse, zimatha kukhala malo amodzi zaka 4 zisanakhale maluwa, kenako zibzalidwe.
pa zamasamba Kuberekanso kwa mayi m'modzi anyezi kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mu mitundu ya otuwira grouse, babu waukulu umakhala kukula ndi imagwiritsidwa babu-ana. Ndi anyezi awa omwe ayenera kubzala kwa zaka zingapo asanafike maluwa. Anyezi-mwana amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mayi. Mukhoza kukumba mababu kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, ndiye babu detachable mwana adzakhala kale zikuluzikulu ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta apatukane.
Muthanso kugawa anyezi. Kuti muchite izi, idulani anyezi, omwe ali ndi miyeso iwiri, yowuma magawo. Kukana kuti kuyanika ndi kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mababu lonse, kotero ife kuwakhazikitsa kale.
Mitundu ya Grouse
Pansipa pali mafotokozedwe ndi zithunzi za grouse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa maluwa zodabwitsa izi ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu.
- Zovala zachifumu (F. imperialis) yokhala ndi inflorescence a mandimu kapena lalanje. Masamba lakuthwa ndi chonyezimira. Imafika kutalika kwa mita 1. Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika mu Meyi.
Zovala zachifumu
- Grouse Chess, kapena chachikulu (F. meleagris) wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofanana ndi mabelu. Madontho a checkered mkati mwa maluwa.
Grouse Chess
- Grouse Russian (F. ruthenica) wokhala ndi masamba apamwamba opindika m'njira ya tinyanga. Ali ndi tsinde wamtali. Kutulutsa maluwa mu March ndi Epulo. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Grouse Russian
- Grouse Mikhailovsky (F. michailovskyi) ali ndi maluwa okhala ndi burgundy wokhala ndi m'maso achikaso. Kutalika kwa otuwira grouse ndi za masentimita 20.
Grouse Mikhailovsky
Pazakudya za Hazel grouse Mikhailovsky ndi malo omwe akukwera, yemwe amakhala pamalo athu Samdolis adalemba bwino mu nkhani "Chomera chatsopano m'munda mwanga: Grouse Mikhailovsky."
- Persian Grouse (F. Persica) ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ofiirira.
Persian Grouse
The cultivar 'Ivory Bell' ali ndi lachikasu wobiriwira mtundu. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi mita 1. Thermophilic kwambiri komanso mkatikati mwa msewu mwina sizikutuluka konse.
- Grouse Kamchatka (F. camtschatcensis) ali wofiirira kapena mkuwa maluwa, akula 60 cm.
Kamchatka grouse (Fritillaria camschatcensis). Chithunzi: Denis Anisimov, en.wikipedia.org
Kuswana grouse mu munda wanu, musaiwale - iwo kuyang'ana lalikulu ngati chomera ndi magulu. Yoyenera kukwera mapiri. Atakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana maluwa, amakhalanso okongola. Ndipo musakhumudwe kuti maluwa awo kumatenga mwezi umodzi wokha - ichi ndi zosaiŵalika nyengo ya chilimwe.
Hazel grouse ndiwampikisano wopambana kwa daffodil ndi tulip
Duwa - maluwa "owopsa" ochokera pansi pa chipale chofewa, owala ngati kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa la masika, amasangalatsa diso ndikupatsa chiyembekezo. amithenga masika awa mizu bwino mu zone iliyonse nyengo, koma makamaka kotentha nyengo chapakati Russia. Ndi kubzala komanso chisamaliro choyenera, hazel grouse imadzaphuka chaka chilichonse, ndipo mutha kuzifalitsa nokha - mababu akuluakulu amapatsa ana 1-2 pachaka. Koma - zonse mu dongosolo.
Hazel grouse - duwa masika
Dzinalo la chomera ichi, limachokera ku dzina la mbalame za dzina lomwelo ndi nthenga zomwezo za motley. Pali mitundu yofiira, lalanje, burgundy-violet, chikasu chowala ndi kusankha kwatsopano - mitundu yoyera ya milky, pakhoza kukhala osakanikirana ndi mithunzi iyi kapena mtundu wa "cheke". Koma grouse malankhulidwe buluu kapena pinki, monga nthawi zina zoperekedwa pa Intaneti, sikutheka nawo mu chikhalidwe.
Kuipa kwa mbewuyo ndi fungo losasangalatsa - limachokera ku maluwa, mababu ndi masamba
Fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera pamitengo ndi phula losalala kuchokera pamaluwa - iyi ndi njira yokhayo yobwezera. Koma kukongola kwa maluwa mu njira yodabwitsa smooths kunja zolakwika aliyense anapeza kulima mbewu imeneyi.
Dzina lachi Latin loti hazel grouse - "Fritillaria" limachokera ku fritillus - chessboard. Izi, zachidziwikire, ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Zomera ndi tsinde masamba a pamwamba osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 10 cm pafupifupi 1.5 m, pamwamba pa zomwe chimodzi kapena zingapo belu woboola pakati maluwa. Anyezi wokuluka, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masikelo awiri (nthawi zina owonjezera). Grouse (fritillaria) ndi chomera cha herbaceous cha banja la Liliaceae, chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Europe ku Russia, ku Europe ndi Asia. Pali za mitundu 150 otuwira grouse; kulima zoweta amadziwika za mitundu 25-30. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ku Russia ndi grouse ya ku Russia.
Wikipedia
Grouse Russian - baba ambiri a grouse zakutchire pa dziko zoweta
Ku Europe ku Russia, mitundu yosowa imapezeka kuthengo: gouse wa ku Russia wokhala ndi masamba apamwamba achikatapira, grouse yachifumu - mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino, grouse wam'mawa ndi chess grouse - ofanana ndi grouse waku Russia, koma ndi motley wocheperako, Kamchatka grouse - mitundu yocheperako yokhala ndi utoto wakuda wamtundu.
Grouse - lililonse ephemeroids (ndi yochepa kukula nyengo), kukula kwa anayamba mu nyengo ya kutentha zabwino ndi chochuluka chinyontho m'nthaka, i.e. m'chaka. Chomera chimapanga tsinde, masamba, pachimake, chimapanga bulb watsopano ndikuzizira mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Bulb yogona kugona imatha kukumbidwa, kuikidwa, kusungidwa, ndi kutumizidwa. Grouse m'banda nyengo kukula, ena a iwo ali woyamba zomera lalikulu pachimake m'munda masika.
Kudzutsa hazel grouse mu kasupe kuchokera pansi pa chisanu
Ingokumbukirani kuti hazel grouse (kapena fritillaria) ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri ang'ono ndi nondescript (mu lingaliro langa). Chotalika kwambiri, pafupifupi mita imodzi, ndi chachifumu. Pali wachikasu, ofiira, lalanje. Palinso dzina "achifumu korona" - chifukwa cha panicle kuchokera kumwamba. Ndidayimilira bwino odulidwa, sindikudziwa kuti yatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji. Chovala cha grouse cha chikasu cha lalanje. Ndi michira osiyana - mbandakucha / mdima. Grouse sizoyera zoyera, buluu, zapinki.
Helga
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/15423/page-15
Amati chiphuphu cha hazel chinawonekera m'minda yachifumu ya Russia kale m'zaka za zana la 16, koma makolo athu sakanakwanitsa pachimake pachaka. Ngakhale zoyesayesa zonse, chikhalidwecho sichinakhalepo bwino: hazel grouse imakonda nthaka yopanda chonde, dzuwa limakhala lambiri komanso kuthirira pang'ono. Perennials bwino kuphunzitsidwa kotentha nyengo chokhala - kutentha zabwino masana masika oyambirira, mvula, kutentha koma osati louma m'chilimwe ndi nyengo ndi rainfalls katundu abwino kwa zomera.
Hazel grouse ndiwofatsa komanso wosawonongeka chifukwa cha chisanu.
Hazel grouse imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera komanso mankhwala. Ena mitundu ya mbewu ndi owopsa, popeza muli wambirimbiri alkaloids. Komabe, mitundu ina ya hazel grouse ndiyosatheka - mababu a Kamchatka grouse, omwe amapezeka ku Asia ndi gombe lonse la Pacific, Amwenye aku North America ndi Kamanyikaals m'mbuyomu ankadya. Mitundu ina ya hazel grouse imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a Tibetan.
Fritillaria purdyi - mitundu osowa wa otuwira grouse ndi maluwa yochitidwa ndi zizindikiro imvi
Amati mbewu zazikuluzikuluzi zimawopseza mbewa bwino - makoswe sangafanane ndi theka la mita kuchokera kwa iwo.
Grouse kumayambiriro chisanu - m'ma March. Mlengalenga kutentha masana akhoza musalumphe + 8 + 10 ° C, usiku thermometer akhoza kusiya pansipa 0. The otuwira grouse sagwirizana dzuŵa - mwamsanga pamene dzuwa wakhala kutenthetsa, pali masamba ndi mapesi maluwa masabata. Zomera izi zimachoka mosavuta nthawi yobwerera kumene, ndipo masamba a grouse nawonso samavutika ndi izi.
Kukhomera m'munda: kuphunzira mitundu
Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana wobzalidwa, ndi ofala kwambiri mu dziko lathu ndi ufumu otuwira grouse ndi mitundu yake (mwachitsanzo, yaing'ono-fruited grouse). Mitundu yamtchire yamtchireyi imalimidwa kuchokera ku Black Earth mpaka ku Far East ndi Primorye, ambiri mwa iwo adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Gome: mitundu ya maluwa a grouse
| dzina chomera | Onani Zinthu |
| Duwa la Aigul kapena mwezi | Chomera chachitali (mpaka 1.5 m) chokhala ndi masamba ofunda ili mu tsinde, ndi lalikulu red-lalanje Mabelu. Amaluwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumapiri a Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan. mitundu ndi kutchulidwa Red Book. |
| Fritillaria sewerzowii - grouse Severtsov | Kukula kwapakatikati (mpaka 1 mita) kwamasamba obiriwira, ngati tulip, okhala ndi mabelu ang'onoang'ono opindika utoto wofiirira, ikupezeka pa nsonga pamakhala ndi. Zomera zimagawidwa kumadzulo Tien Shan, ku Central Asia ndi China. |
| F. ruthenica - Russian otuwira grouse | Amakula makamaka ku Europe ku Russia, ku Siberia ndi Ciscaucasia. Amaluwa osatha mu Epulo - Meyi, amafika kutalika kwa 50 cm. Masamba a Russian otuwira grouse yowala wofiirira ndi mauna chachilengulengu kapangidwe ndi "chess". Kuchuluka kwa mbewu kukuchepa Russian otuwira grouse ndi kutchulidwa Red Book. |
| Grouse Kamchatka | Imapezeka ku zilumba za Kuril Islands ndi Kamchatka, ku Far East ndi North America. Chimakula pa ovuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja, masitepe nyanja Titafika pamalo m'madambo. Kutalika kwa mbewu osapitirira 60 cm, maluwa ndi ofiira achikuda ndi "Chess", amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Izo limamasula mu June ndi July. |
| Agogo akum'mawa | Mapiri a Alpine a Transcaucasia - gawo logawidwa kwa hazel grouse yakum'mawa. Chomera kutalika za 40-50 cm, wofiirira maluwa owala anasonkhana 2-3 zidutswa mu burashi. Amamasuka a grouse kum'mawa mu Meyi - June. |
| Chess grouse | Amagawidwa paliponse m'nkhalango komanso m'madzi osefukira pakati pa Russia. Chomera sichikula kuposa masentimita 35, maluwa ndi apakatikati, ofiirira, ndi kutchulidwa "Chess" chekeni. |
Mitundu ina yamtchire yamtchire imadziwika kuti ndi yoopsa.
Chithunzi cha mitundu ya grouse choperekedwa pamwambapa
The grouse lachifumu ali amphamvu kwambiri ndi kowala maluwa ndi masamba yowala achikasu kuonekere ndi limamasula ina. Ponena za fungo: grouse pamiyala, inde, fungo lonyansa, zowola ndi zinyalala. Koma fungo ili silifalikira kuchokera ku masamba - limachokera ku mbewu mukamasula masamba awo ndi zimayambira.
Zosiyanasiyana Gourmet
Zosatha izi nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ya impel hazel grouse - maluwa atasonkhanitsidwa m'mphepete mwa korona ndikukongoletsedwa ndi masamba (korona).
Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri m'mbali zonse ndi Maxima Rubra: Maluwa ndi opaka - mpaka masentimita 5-7, lalanje lowala lokhazikika ndi mitsempha yofiirira ndi mitsempha yofiirira. The cultivar ndi wamtali kwambiri - mpaka 1.2 mamita mu msinkhu. Maxima amaonedwa kuti ndi grouse osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu - imalekerera mpaka -30 ° C, osasunthira dothi. Mungakondwere ndi maluwa mu Epulo.
Maluwa otuwira grouse limakhulupirira Rubra ndi osati osangalatsa kwambiri musky fungo
Zosiyanasiyana Aurora - masamba owongola kuboola-karoti, osapitilira 4 cm, koma mwa iye yekha wophunzitsayo amatha kuyendetsa tsinde mpaka 1.5 m. Pamwamba pa peduncle, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya Impel Hazel grouse, wavala korona wobiriwira masamba - otchedwa korona. Maluwa chimayambira mu 1-2 ya April.
Grouse Aurora adatchuka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kuchokera ku Moscow kupita ku Vladivostok
Lutea wokhala ndi maluwa achikasu ndi oimira chowoneka bwino cha hazel grouse wamitundu yonse ndi mtundu wowala. Lutea ukufika 0.8-1 mamita mu msinkhu, limamasula oyambirira May (mu zone pakati dziko lathu).
Grouse Lutea - woyang'anira dzuwa wa masika
Hazel grouse Akmopetala ndi modabwitsa mitundu ya grouse m'njira zonse. Cultivar maluwa - kuŵeramitsa, amtundu wina ndi kulemba zobiriwira (kutalika 3 cm). Kutalika kwa mitundu ya Akmopetal sikudutsa 0.4-0.5 m. Mbewuyo imamera bwino pamthunzi.
Grouse Akmopetala - Mr. Hypentricity
Grouse Peach amatchedwa maluwa maliro. Koma, sizachilendo: Mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zozungulira zazitali zimasenda tsinde la chomera chachitali (kutalika mpaka 1.1 m). Pichesi limamasula nyengo yotentha koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Grouse Peach anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa mithunzi ake osaka pamakhala
Meleagris Alba ndi wowotchera hazel grouse (mpaka 0.3 m), imodzi mwamavuto osagwira kwambiri. Mtengowu umakhalabe bwino kumayiko a kum'mawa kwa Siberia, ku Urals, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. The peculiarity wa zosiyanasiyana ndi moyera-ang'ono mabelu ndi Kamaoneka Satana. Meleagris imakonda kuthilira nthaka yachonde ndikunyowa nthawi, kumatulutsa kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni.
Hazel grouse Meleagris Alba - kudekha
Grouse lachifumu lamizeremizere Kukongola ali masamba pichesi-akuda ndi mizere limaonetseratu za malankhulidwe njerwa burgundy pa pamakhala a. Kutalika kwa mitunduyo ndi pafupifupi 0.9 m, maluwa amatengedwa m'magulu pafupi ndi korona, monga mitundu ina ya impel hazel grouse. Izi ndi mitundu ya Meyi.
Kukongola kwa Mzere wa Fritillaria kumakhala ndi masamba
Kubzala grouse ndikuwasamalira poyera
Kuti ulimi wamaluwa uwu uziyenda bwino, ndikofunikira kudziwa mbali zingapo za za agrotechnical:
- Malo oyimitsa nkhokwe azikhala athanzi ndi opaka bwino,
- Madzi a pansi samayenera kukhala pafupi,
- nthaka satenga nawo mbali,
- Grouse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch ndi zida zachilengedwe kapena zosaluka.
Impressure ya grouse imakhala ndi peduncle yolimba, chifukwa chake siyamangidwa ku thandizo
Mulching siili kokha komanso, osati, chotchinjiriza kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa mababu nthawi yozizira kwambiri ndi dothi, ngati njira yotetezera mbewuzo mbande zoyambira kwambiri masika zomwe zitha kuwonongeka pobwezeretsa nyengo yozizira, komanso kusunga mayunifolomu amadzi ndi nyengo yotentha nyengo yakula.
Kanema: Imprit ya hazel grouse - zonse zakuchoka
Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June — masamba achikasu amapezeka mu grouse mu Julayi - ichi ndichinthu chachilendo, chikuwonetsa zachilengedwe. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, michere imadzunjikana babu - imakumbidwa kuti ikabzala kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Mababu a grouse osungidwa amasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira (chapansi) pamtunda wosaposa + 8 + 10 madigiri. Zodzala zam'tsogolozi zimayesedwa pamthunzi, kenako nkuwazidwa ndi phulusa kapena malasha osweka osakanikirana ndi fangayi aliyense ndikuyiyika mu chosanjikiza chimodzi m'matabwa kapena pamatafufufu.
Kukula kwa babu kumayamba mu kugwa, chifukwa chake, kubzala grouse kudzakonzedwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Koma ngati mulibe nthawi yoti mubzale pofika nthawi yofikira, mutha kudziwa chipinda cha hazel kuti chizikhala malo okhazikika nthawi iliyonse kugwa - mpaka nyengo yachisanu (mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala pakatikati).
Imperial hazel grouse babu
Kodi kubzala grouse? Pali lamulo lalifupi - "bzala hazel grouse kufikira akuya mababu atatu ndi minda yambiri." Koma pali zina mwatsatanetsatane wa mwambowu, womwe sungakhale chete.
- Kubzala grouse, mabowo amakonzedwa ndikuzama 30-30 cm.
- Nthaka ya michere ya peat imaphatikizidwa ndi dothi logulidwa kuchokera ku humus - mpaka malita 2-3 onse ndi pang'ono (ma hand m'manja a 2-3) a mchenga wama granular mtsinje.
- Dzenje limadzaza mpaka 25-30 cm ndi nthaka yokonzedwa kuti ibzalidwe ndikufetsedwa.
- Kenako akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukonkha mchenga wowerengeka mwachindunji pamalo omwe amafikitsanso.
- Kuchokera pamwamba amayika babu la maluwa pansi ndikuwaphimba ndi gawo lapansi lomalizidwa.
- Zitachitika izi, dzenjelo ndi anyezi limapangidwa pang'ono, kuthiriridwa (1.5-2 l) ndi dothi lambiri lotayirira latsanulidwa pamwamba.
Dongosolo labwino la hazel tsopano limangotulutsa chaka chamawa chotsatira
Zofunika! Ngati simunawonjezere kumtunda pamwamba pa babu wobzalidwa - pofika nthawi ya masika dziko lapansi lidza kumira ndipo madzi azikundana ndi chipale chofewa, bulb imatha kuvunda kapena kudwala. Mchenga wobowola umafunikanso chomera ndi cholinga chomwechi - umatenga chinyezi chambiri, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunda wa chernozem ndi dongo, zimathandizira kuteteza babu ku tizirombo. Nthawi zina wamaluwa amalangiza kubzala anyezi grouse m'mbali - amati mwinanso, madzi amadziunjikira babu. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika, popeza chodzala ndi grouse chimakhala ndi bowo kuchokera pa peduncle yakale - madzi onse amapita pamenepo.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire fritillaria
Hazel grouse amakonda dzuwa, koma pakati pakapangidwe omwe sanabzalidwe - grouse imatha msanga ndikupanga malo opanda kanthu pabedi lamaluwa.
Sankhani pamitu yayikulu yazikhalidwe zamalimi.
- Zomera zimakonda kuthirira moyenera.
- Kuti hazel grouse ikhale ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso pachimake mu masamba akulu, kale kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamaaminidwe ovuta, mwachitsanzo, Kemira. Kubwezeretsanso ubweya kumalimbikitsidwa pakatha masiku 10-15: 10 malita a madzi, supuni ya superphosphate ndi Zdrazen - 6-8 g, mungathe kuwonjezera 200 g pamtengo phulusa.
- Mphindi yofunika yaulimi ndiyamasula ndi kuchotsa udzu. Izi sizowopsa mmera - mababu sangakhudzidwe, malinga ngati kubzala kumachitika molondola.
- Maluwa atatha, ma hazel grouse amathiriridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu - 10 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
Kuyambira Seputembu, mutabzala, zipatso zosatha ndizofunikanso kuthilira - kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 10 mpaka 14. Makamaka mphindi ino ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mu yopepuka yophukira popanda mpweya.
Kemira amakonda makama onse azomera masamba ndi maluwa
Grouse imamera bwino padzuwa, koma ndi kusinthika kwakanthawi - ndiye maluwa samakhala ochepa, ndipo pali ambiri aiwo. Ngati munabzala duwa pamdzuwa, makamaka pamchenga wopanda kanthu, sikungathe konse kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa masamba 1-2. Njira yotumizira ndikuwonjezera humus ndi chonde chokhala ndi malo obzala grouse, mulch ndipo, koposa zonse, kudikirira. Ndi grouse amafunika kudekha.
Anabzala grouse kumapeto kwa August. Kuzama kwa kuphatikizika kumadalira mitundu. Grouse ndi anyezi wocheperako - 8-10 masentimita, achifumu - penapake mpaka 25-31 masentimita. Amakumba zinthu zodzala kumapeto kwa June ndikuchiyang'anira mu bokosi lotsekedwa kutentha kwa + 30 ° C kotero kuti grouse imayala maluwa, mwina ingakusangalatsani ndi greenery .
Gost385147
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/15423/page-16
Zoyenera kuchita ngati grouse idagwa m'manja mwawo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira? Alimi odziwa bwino maluwa amalimbikitsa kukulunga babu aliyense papepala kenako ndikung'ambika, kuyika mabokosi amatabwa (utuchi kapena moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande). Zinthu zodzala "zopakidwa" za ma hazel grouse zimatsukidwa pa khonde lowongoka kapena khola, zimatha kuthekera m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, koma pamitepe - kuti isafunde kwambiri. Pakatha miyezi ingapo, muyenera kuyang'ana mababu kuti mukhale otetezeka. Chapakatikati - matalala akadzagwa - mababu amabzalidwa. Potere, mbewu zimatha kumera, koma zimamera popanda maluwa. Kenako, hazel grouse imasamalidwa malinga ndi njira yoyambira yaulimi.
Momwe mungafalitsire dimba fritillaria
Mu 1 mwezi wa Seputembala, hazel grouse amafalitsa masamba. Mababu ang'onoang'ono omwe adalandidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chowumbako mu June - Julayi palimodzi ndi babu yayikulu kuti asungidwe, ndipo koyambilira koyambilira mbande zazing'ono zimayikidwanso pansi, ngati babu. Ndikofunikira kubzala "hazel grouse" pang'ono pang'ono - mpaka akuya masentimita 15-20. Chaka chotsatira, bulbu yaying'onoyo sichidzaphuka, koma imakula ndipo ndikuyatsa kwina kuyenera kuzamitsidwa pansi ndi malamulo onse.
Mitundu yaku America imatha kufalikira mosavuta pochulukitsa gawo lakumapeto kwa mababu omwe amapatsa mbewu zazing'ono.
L. Bondarenko
http://www.litbulbgarden.com/article/article2.php
Buluu wa anyezi wamkulu, malinga ndi akatswiri, ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 8-11 cm
Malinga ndi akatswiri, grouse iyenera kuikidwa pambuyo pake zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Olima maluwa ena adavomereza kuti maluwa amenewa amafunikira kukumba ndi kugawa mababu pachaka (mu Ogasiti - Seputembala) - kuti mbewuyo singataye mphamvu pa "khanda", kubzala nthawi zonse kumakhalapo kuti lithandizireko kukhala lakale ndipo bulb imalimbitsa maluwa kuti maluwa athe nyengo yotsatira ndizosavuta.
Njira yosavuta yoberekera ndikuphwanya anyezi, wopangidwa ndi masikelo awiri, mzidutswa. Asanabzale, mbali zonse ziwiri zimasungidwa m'malo owuma, owazidwa ndi misozi ndi malasha owuma - panthawiyi, zomwe zikuwoneka ndizovuta, bulb ili kale pachiwopsezo cha matenda. Kubzala kumayambira milungu itatu mutatha kukumbidwa.
Kanema: chochita ndi maluwa mu Ogasiti
Grouse ikhoza kufalikira osati kugawa mababu, komanso mbewu. Komabe, akatswiri pankhaniyi afotokoza malingaliro awo: Mbeu za grouse zilibe kumera bwino kwambiri, koma ngati mphukira zimatulukira, maluwa oyamba a chomera chosalakwachi adzachitika pokhapokha chaka cha 5-6.
Mabokosi ambewu za Russian grouse
Kanema: momwe mungafalitsire fritillaria mdera lanu
Pambuyo kukhetsa, hazel grouse mbewu imagwera pansi mosiyanasiyana, kutengera nyengo ndi malo, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsa kubzala mbewu zonse za grouse mukakolola. Pobzala, tsamba lokonzekera bwino, lolemera dothi labwino limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbande pamalopo zimakula kwa zaka zingapo ndipo zimayenera kupatsidwa chakudya zaka zonsezi. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yovalira pachaka pachakudya pazakudya zazikulu: kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa gawo lobiriwira la mbewuyo, ndipo pambuyo pake - pakapangidwe kababu. Ndimabzala nthanga pamabedi kuti zikhale bwino, ndikuaziwaza mu nkhokwe 6-10 cm, pakati pomwe pali mizere pafupifupi ofanana. Kuya kophatikizika ndi masentimita 1. Ndikofunikira kuti kuya kokumbikika ndikumayenderana ndi njere zonse, chifukwa chake ndimapanga fururu ndi mbale yolimbirana yolimba ngakhale m'mphepete, ndikuigwirizira molunjika pabalaza yakuwongolera. Kenako mzere wokhala ndi lathyathyathya pansi umapezeka. Ndikofunika kuthirira chiwembu ndi mulch mutangofesa ndi peat wosanjikiza 2 cm. Mmera umakhala ndi tsamba limodzi masentimita angapo. Kuchulukana kwamitundu kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngakhale mtundu umodzi wazaka zingapo. Izi zimatengera zifukwa zambiri, makamaka nyengo nyengo yomwe nthochi zakhwima. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kuzizira nyengo yachisanu ndipo, makamaka, pazinthu zambiri zovuta kuposa mbewu zazikulu.
Leonid Bondarenko, magazini ya Tsvetovod, 2002
http://www.litbulbgarden.com/article/article2.php
Zambiri nthawi yachisanu
M'nyengo yozizira, mabedi omwe ali ndi mbewuyi amaphatikiza ndi singano kapena udzu mpaka kutalika kwa 5-10 cm. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, chisanu chikayamba kusungunuka, mawuwo amachotsedwa pomwepo - phukusi la hazel limatuluka m'mawa, ndipo chovalacho sichingalole kuti nthaka izitenthe mwachangu ndipo chomera chikhoza kuyamba kumera.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa mulch kuchokera pamaluwa omwe grouse amakula nthawi yophukira
Mavuto akulu akamakula
Kupanda maluwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika pazifukwa zingapo:
- Mababu omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso ochepa kukula amatengedwa kuti abzalire - maluwa athunthu a hazel grouse amapezeka pomwe bulb ipeza 200-300 g (awiri 8-12 cm),
- Zobzala (zoperewera ndi bowa, zochulukitsa) zobzala,
- Kubzala mosabowola kwa hazel grouse kumadzaza ndi kuyanika kunja kwa mababu kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kuzizira kwa nyengo yotentha,
- Kutentha kwambiri komanso kotentha kwambiri
- kulima hazel grouse popanda kusinthanitsa - tikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa mababu chaka chilichonse kapena chaka chilichonse,
- Nyengo yachisanu yozizira kwambiri ndi dothi lonyansa - nthaka imatha kuzizira nthawi yachisanu ndipo bulb itavulala,
- mutabzala nthawi yophukira, mabedi okhala ndi hazel grouse nthawi zambiri amaponderezedwa ndikuwonongeka - chifukwa mbewu zimaphuka mchaka chokha.
Nyumba yaufumu yachifumu ku Moscow Region imayenera kukumbidwa chaka chilichonse, apo ayi safuna kuphuka. Ndizotheka kuti wina amatulutsa popanda kukumba, pali zosankha zina. Ku Ukraine, ndiye kuti sanakumba ndipo amamva bwino. Zomera sizingakhale pachimera chinyezi zambiri. Ndimakumba chaka chilichonse masamba akamasanduka chikaso, ndipo pamodzi ndi tsinde ndimayika pepala munyumba pansi pa bedi (kudziko). Agona pamenepo mpaka mwezi wa Ogasiti. Tsamba limakhala louma ndipo mizu yaying'ono yoyera imamera. Tsinde louma limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi babu. Ndimabzala anyezi pansi, ndikuyesetsa kuti ndisawononge mizu, ndikuzama kukula kwa 3 kukula kwake (ngati tulips). Sindikumva fungo lililonse losasangalatsa, mwina silili lamphamvu kwambiri.
valucha
https://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/15423/page-3
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chikhalidwe cha maluwa ichi chimagwirizana ndimatenda ambiri a bulb - chifukwa rarel grouse ndiyopezeka ndi matenda a botritis kapena fungal. Akatswiri amati kusinthasintha kwa mbewu ndiye njira yofunikira kwambiri yopewera kutulutsa maluwa. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera kutenga kachilomboka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides musanabzalire (kuwiritsa zinthu zanu zodzala kwa maola 1.5-2). Mutha kugula mankhwalawa Maxim Dachnik kapena Fitosporin pazolinga izi (gwiritsani ntchito mogwirizana ndi malangizo) kapena muchepetsani wamba potaziyamu permanganate (yankho la pinki). Kuyambira pa nsabwe za m'masamba, nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa ndi fodya (kangapo mpaka maluwa atakwanira), ndipo izi zidzafunika ngati kasupe afunda kwambiri. Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono timatha kuchotseratu ndi dzanja, kukumba pansi mozungulira maluwa obzalidwa.
Fitosporin ndi mnzake wovuta kwambiri waulimi ndi wamaluwa
Hazel grouse imadzakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukongoletsa m'munda wamaluwa - maluwa owala bwino kwambiri, owoneka bwino, osangalala ndi duwa lawo lolemera m'masabata atatu okha. Koma mu Epulo - Meyi, pamene duwa pachikhalidwe limamasula, ndizomera zomwe zimakonda maluwa. Mutabzala hazel grouse m'munda wanu, simudzanong'oneza bondo ngakhale pang'ono!
Makhalidwe azachilengedwe
Hazel grouse ndi woimira pang'ono wa banja la grouse: amalemera kuchokera 300 mpaka 500 g, ndipo samakula kupitirira masentimita 40. Mbalamezi ndizosavuta kuzindikira ndi mtundu wa motley weniweni wa nthomba, womwe, udakhala gawo la dzina lachi Russia - hazel grouse. Ngati mutayang'ana kwambiri maula, mutha kuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yofiira, yakuda, imvi, yoyera, yofiirira komanso yofiyira kuzungulira maso. Mwa njira, mawonekedwe pamapulogalamu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hazel akhoza kukhala osiyana. Zimadalira malo okhala mbalame zakutchire, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zigwirizane mwaluso kuti zipulumuke. Akazi ndi amuna ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma wachiwiri ali ndi utoto wofiirira kuposa maso, pamutu pake pamakhala mutu, ndipo malo akuda akuwoneka bwino pamwamba pa mulomo.
Akatswiri a Ornithologists adawerenga mitundu 14 ya hazel grouse, koma kusaka kumaloledwa kwa oimira amodzi mwa iwo - Bonasa bonasia, ndiye kuti grouse wamba. Mwa njira, kusaka mbalamezi kumaloledwa nthawi zina - kasupe ndi yophukira.
Hazel grouse ndi mbalame zokhala pansi zomwe sizimachoka komwe zimakhala. Nyumba yawo imakhala zisa zobisidwa mu udzu kapena mbewa, momwe mbalame zimakhalira awiriawiri. Masiku ano amapezeka pafupifupi ku Ulaya konse mu nkhalango zowirira za coniferous, komanso pakati pa aspen, birch, alder. Nyama ya masewerawa amakondedwa ndi achi French ndi Belgian. Kuyambira kalekale, anthu okhala ku Altai, Sakhalin, Urals, Kolyma, chilumba cha Japan cha Hokkaido ndi Korea adasaka agalu. Kwenikweni, mcherewu umapezeka mu zakudya za mayiko onse momwe mbalame zimakhalira.
Ubwino wazakudya
Kupadera kwa nyama ya grouse ndikuti imakhala ndi mapuloteni (18.5 g) ndi mafuta (19.5 g) pafupifupi zofanana, koma nthawi yomweyo mulibe zopatsa mphamvu zambiri (pali 250 kcal okha magalamu zana). Kuphatikiza pazakudya zazikulu, izi ndizopatsa mavitamini B ndi vitamini A, phosphorous, zinki, chitsulo, komanso zomwe zimakhala ndi magnesium, calcium, sodium ndi potaziyamu.
Nyama ya grouse ndi yopatsa thanzi. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri zomanga thupi (100 g zimakhala ndi pafupifupi theka la mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku), zomwe zikutanthauza ma amino acid omwe ndi ofunikira anthu. Nyama ya mbalameyi imatengeka mosavuta ndi dongosolo la chakudya chamunthu. Ndipo ngati asayansi akadali ndi mafunso okhudza mitundu yofiira ya nyama, ndipo pali anthu ambiri padziko lapansi omwe amakana kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu choterocho, ndiye kuti ndi fillet nkhuku zonse ndizosiyana. Nyama ya grouse, monga mbalame zina, imatha kutchedwa kuti chakudya, makamaka ngati mumachotsa mafuta ochulukirapo.
Ntchito yophika
Ngati tikumbukira kuti ma hazel grouse amapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango zoyera, zimamveka chifukwa chake nyama yawo imatchedwa njira yabwino kwambiri kuposa nkhuku. Zojambula za grouse zimasiyana kwambiri ndi nyama ya mbalame zina zambiri zamasewera. Imakhala yolimba, koma yofatsa kwambiri, imawoneka ngati chidutswa cha nkhuku pinki ndi yoyera. Koma pofuna kusungitsa nyama iyi, akatswiri othandiza amalonda amalimbikitsa kuthira mkaka ndi kuwiritsa. Ndipo pokhapo pitani ndikukonzekera mbale yomwe mukufuna.
Pali maphikidwe ambiri kuchokera ku mbalame yaying'ono iyi. Ndipo onse ndiosiyana, monga zakudya zamayiko zomwe zimapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, achi French amakonda kuphika zovala za grouse ndi bowa, zomwe amazikhira ngati ma tartlet.Nzika za taiga, makamaka osaka, monga lamulo, kuphika nyama yatsopano ya mbalame pamulavule kapena kuphika sopo. Mitundu yambiri yakale yophikira mtembo wa mbalameyi yasungidwa. Ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amalangizidwa kuti aziphika grouse m'miphika zadongo.
Ubwino wa nyama iyi ndikuti umaphikidwa mwachangu kwambiri. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa mphindi 20 za chithandizo cha kutentha, fillet ndi yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muwone kukhala wokonzeka, ndikokwanira kuti muboboze ndi singano kapena dzino lamkaka (iyenera kulowa mkati mwa nyama).
Mutha kuphika nyama yonse, makamaka, kuyiyika, kuikamo magawo ku msuzi (makamaka kuphatikiza kopambana ndi msuzi wa bowa), ndikupanga kaphikidwe kosangalatsa kuchokera m'khosi ndi mapiko. Grouse imayenda bwino ndi masamba ndi bowa (makamaka chanterelles). Monga chakudya chosangalatsa cham'mbali, zinanazi ndi kiwi ndizoyenera kuphika mbalame. Ndipo zidutswa za fillet yomalizidwa zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku saladi, m'malo mwa mitundu ina ya nyama. Mwa njira, saladi wokondedwa ndi ambiri mu Chinsinsi choyambirira amakonzedwa ndi nyama ya grouse. Ngati mukulunga magawo a nyama yaiwisi mu magawo a nyama yankhumba ndi mwachangu kapena kuphika, mumapeza chakudya choyambirira komanso chokoma. Koma ophika m'magulu samalimbikitsa kuti nyama zizitentha - nyama zimataya zest.
Mitembo ya Grouse ndi yoyenera kuwira, kuphika, kuphika ndi kuwongolera. Misuzi yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera mbalame yomalizira, ngakhale, malinga ndi ma gourmets ambiri, palibe chomwe chimakhala chosangalatsa kuposa chopanda chopopera ndi msuzi wamtchire wamtchire (makamaka kuphatikiza kophatikiza ndi lingonberry).
Kuti nyama yophika ikhale yokoma kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi zina zophikira. Mwachitsanzo, kuti nyama yophika isatuluke youma kwambiri, iyenera kuphikidwa pamoto wambiri. Ndipo musadandaule kuti zipatsozi zimawotcha. Kumbukirani: mtembo wa grouse ndiung'ono kwambiri ndipo umaphika mwachangu kwambiri, motero sudzakhala ndi nthawi yoyaka. Ndi bwinonso kupukuta mbalameyo pamoto wambiri, poto wamoto. Ndipo kuti muthe kukhala ndi khirisipi wokoma, osaphimba poto mukaphika.
Zosankha zophika
Mitembo yankhuku yophika ndi imodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri komanso zaphikidwe kuchokera ku hazel grouse. Pukuta nyama ya m'mbuyo komanso yotsuka kale (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matawulo a pepala), kabati ndi mchere, tsabola komanso zonunkhira zomwe mumakonda. Ikani magawo angapo a nyama yankhumba, tsabola wokoma, magawo a phwetekere, anyezi, zitsamba kapena masamba ena kuti mulawe mtembo. Kuphika pamoto wotentha kwa mphindi 20-25.
Njira inanso yotchuka ndi yokongoletsedwa ndi hazel grouse. Zakudya izi, mitembo yokonzedwa ndi grated ndi zonunkhira imatengedwanso, koma nyama yankhumba siyiyikidwa mkati, koma thupi la mbalameyo itakulungidwa (mutha kuyikonza ndi mano). Mwanjira iyi, grouse imakhazikitsidwa mbali zonse mu poto.
Koma, ndikofunikira kunena kuti maphikidwe awa ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Kuti chakudya chotsirizidwa chikhale chamadyedwe ambiri, simuyenera kuwonjezera nyama yankhumba, ndikuphika mtembo wa mbalameyo pamiyala yama waya kuti mafuta ochulukirapo asakhalire mnofu. Zowona, pankhaniyi, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti kumaliza kwa grouse sikuyenda bwino kwambiri.
Koma akatswiri odziwa zofufuza ku France amatipatsa njira zabwino komanso zowonjezera pakuphika nkhuku - grouse mu vinyo wokhala ndi zinanazi. Kuti muchite izi, kuvala pepala lophika ndi utoto wamapine, ovekedwa, pamwamba - mitembo yokazinga, yomwe imawaza zonunkhira ndi kutsanulira vinyo yoyera. Mbaleyi yophikika osapitilira mphindi 20. Musanatumikire, mitembo imatha kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ochepa a chinanazi.
Chakudya china chokoma, koma chopatsa ndicho kuphika grouse ndi lingonberry. Pachifukwa ichi, mtembo wokonzedwayo uyenera kudzazidwa ndi lingonberry zatsopano (mutha kusakaniza zipatso ndi shuga pang'ono) ndi batala. Mtembo umaphikidwa mpaka bulauni.
Akatswiri ena odziwa zophika amaphika nyama yochokera ku grouse nyama. Kuti muchite izi, nyanjayo imalekanitsidwa ndi mafupa, ndiye kuti pansi, zonunkhira zimawonjezeredwa ndi mkate wokhathamira mkaka. Ma makebulo opangidwa amapangika pang'ono, ndikuikamo mawonekedwe osachedwa kutentha, batala pang'ono ndi msuzi zimawonjezeredwa. Kuphika pa yaying'ono osapitirira mphindi 15.
Kodi hazel grouse ingakhale yoopsa
Monga tanenera kale, nyama ya grouse ndi imodzi mwamtundu wabwino kwambiri. Koma pali machenjezo ena. Choyamba, monga nyama yamasewera ena aliwonse, makungu a hazel asanagwiritse ntchito ndikofunikira kuti apereke chithandizo chokwanira cha kutentha. Popeza mbalame zamtchire ndizoposa mbalame zapakhomo zimakonda kukhala zonyamula tizirombo.
Ngozi yachiwiri ndi zinthu zopanda pake. Nyamayo imayamba kutha msanga. Chifukwa chake, grouse yaiwisi singathenso kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka osagonana. Mitembo ya peeled iyenera kuphikidwa kapena kuwundana nthawi yomweyo.
Nyama ya grouse ndi chikondwerero cholandirira osati osaka, komanso ophika. Kuphika mbalame yaying'ono iyi ndikosangalatsa, osatchulapo momwe ma gourati amasangalalira ndi nyama yake yokoma. Nthawi zambiri nyama yamasewera sichophweka kuphika kuti ipange chakudya chokoma popanda fungo la masewera. Koma hazel grouse pankhaniyi ndikosangalatsa. Ndipo kwa onse, mbale zam'makutu sizakudya zokoma zokha, komanso mavitamini, michere, koposa zonse, mapuloteni, "zida zomangira" zoyenera m'thupi la munthu.
