Chilombo chotchedwa ginger panda ndi nyama yokongola. Osandikhulupirira - yang'anani chithunzicho! Takukonzekerani zonse zosangalatsa za ginger panda, yambani ndi kufotokoza ndi mbiri yakale yopezeka yamtunduwu ...
M'magulu azinyama, nyama zamtunduwu ndi za a panda, a mtundu wocheperako Panda. Chidziwitso chochuluka chambiri chitha kudziwa za mbiri ya kuphunzira kwa chirombochi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zambiri zokhudzana ndi panda yofiira zidapezeka m'mipukutu yaku China yazaka khumi ndi zitatu, koma ku Europe adaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa nyama yofiira kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 19.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza chodabwitsa kwa nyama yamu Europe yofunafuna, ngati chidole chachikulu cholusa, ndi wa mkulu wa Chingerezi Thomas Hardwick. Msilikari wina wophunzira, akufufuza malo achingelezi mu 1821, adatenga zodalirika zapa red ndipo adatchulanso dzina lachilendo. "Hha" (wha) - izi ndi zomwe achichaina adatcha nyamayo, dzina lake lakhazikitsidwa potengera kutsitsa kwa mawu a "hha" awa.
Panda Wamng'ono (Ailurus fulgens).
Komabe, panali njira zina zamatchulidwe, achi China, malinga ndi wamkulu, adamutcha "punya" (poonya) kapena "han-ho" (hun-ho). Koma nkhaniyi ndiyodabwitsa modabwitsa, ndipo wopeza kuti wapeza adapita kwa Frederic Cuvier wachilengedwe wachifalansa, yemwe anali patsogolo pa wamkulu wa asirikali, pomwe adayika zinthu m'malo mwake. Zolemba za asayansizi zidakhala ndi dzina lasayansi lokhazikika, monga momwe amavomerezera akatswiri azachilengedwe, mu Latin Ailurus fulgens, zomwe zimatanthawuza "mphaka wowala".
A Britain amayesera kuchita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi tsenga losayenerali, koma nkhaniyi inali itachitidwa kale, komanso ndi malamulo onse omwe sakananyalanyazidwa. Anthu onse okhudzidwa ndi zachilengedwe amayenera kudziwa dzina la Chilatini, ndipo zinali zosatheka kale kulisintha. Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza mtundu watsopano wa nyama chimakhalabe ndi wasayansi yemwe adayambitsa dzina latsopanoli la Latin. Woyang'anira Chingerezi adatsala ndi zofuna zake.
Pali mitundu iwiri yaing'ono, kapena yofiira, panda.
Woologist a Miles Roberts sanadandaula kwambiri ndi Hardwick, ndipo sanaphonye mwayi woonetsa kuti dzina lomwe linaperekedwa ndi wofufuza waku France ndiloyenera kwambiri kukongola kwa red panda. Mawu a ndakatulo "owala", "owala" akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a chirombo chokongola kwambiri kuposa "hha" wosazindikira. Frederic Cuvier adakondwera ndi panda wofiira ndipo adalemba za iye ngati "wokongola, m'modzi mwamiyendo inayi." Zowonadi, dzina latsopanoli linali logwirizana ndi kuwoneka kwa red red, ndipo zinkamveka mwasayansi ku kukoma kwa ku Europe, osati ngati Chinese hkh, ngati chinthu choseketsa chinyama chovala chovala chovala chambiri cha ubweya.
Malo okhalamo a red panda.
Ngakhale anthu wamba a General Hardwick sanagwirizane ndi zomwe amafuna. Amakonda dzina lina lachi China - "poonya", lomwe limazika mizu pakati pa akatswiri azachilengedwe, adayamba kufalikira ndikukhala panda. Akatswiri onse amakono pazomwe amachita asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito dzinali.
Panda wofiyira adapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 1900.
Mmishonale waku France, a Pierre Armand David mchaka cha 1869, akulalikira ku China komanso ndikufufuza nthawi yomweyo za nyama zadziko lino, analemba za nyama yatsopano yokhala ndi mano ofanana komanso akukhala m'masamba a bamboo. Malinga ndi izi, nyama zonse ziwirizi zimayamba kutchedwa panda. Nyama yayikulupo inkatchedwa "panda yayikulu", ndipo yachiwiriyo, yaying'ono kwambiri kukula, imadziwika "panda yaying'ono kapena yofiyira."
Mverani mawu a pang'onopang'ono
Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi amakayikira ubale wam'banja ndi nyama zina zodyedwa. Ena amaganiza kuti pandas ndi zimbalangondo, pomwe akatswiri ena a biology adawaika m'gulu lomweli. Ndipo mayeso amtundu wokha ndi omwe adatsimikizira ubale ndi zimbalangondo. Wachibale woyandikana kwambiri ndi panda yayikulu ndi chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi, chomwe chimakhala ku South America. Ndipo ubale wa panda yofiirayo udakali wowoneka. Maonekedwe, sikufanana ndi panda yayikulu. Pakufukula zakale, asayansi adapeza umboni kuti panda yaying'onoyo ndi m'bale wake wamtali kwambiri wamatchulidwe ake akuluakulu. Kholo lawo lakale linali lofala zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo ku Eurasia.
Panda wofiira ndi nyama yaying'ono.
Zamoyo zotsalazo zapezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, kuyambira kum'mawa kwa China mpaka kumadzulo kwa England. Kuphatikiza apo, pali umboni kuti pandara ang'ono amakhala ku North America m'maiko amakono a Tennessee ndi Washington. Ndizotheka kuti iyi inali njira yatsopano ya panda yofiira yomwe amakhala ku Miocene.
Mpaka posachedwa, panali zokambirana zambiri zokhudzana ndikuphatikizidwa kwa panda kwa gulu limodzi kapena lina.
Pakukambirana pazakugawa kwa pandas kunachepa. Koma panali mafunso atsopano omwe anasangalatsa akatswiri a chilengedwe. Palibe amene anayesera kuti aphunzire mwatsatanetsatane mikhalidwe ya pandas m'malo awo achilengedwe. Amawonedwa kumalo osungira nyama, ndipo pokhapokha ndiomwe adaganizira za red. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi masentimita 51-64, mchira wautali wofunda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kumafika masentimita 28-48. Akazi amalemera 4.2 - 6 kg, amuna 3.7 - 6.2 kg.
Paphas ofiira amamva bwino pamitengo.
Ubweya wa Panda umapakidwa utoto wamtundu wofiirira, wamdima pansi, wokhala ndi tinshi kapena mtundu wakuda. Kupindika kwapfupi ndi m'mbali mwa makutu owongoka kuli koyera, chigoba "chimakokedwa" mozungulira maso, ndikupereka fanizo lakunja. Mtunduwu ndiwopadera kwa panda iliyonse ya ginger. Utoto wovala izi umathandiza kuti nyamayi isamayang'ane kumbuyo kwa khungwa la mtengo wokutidwa ndi lichens ndi mosses.
Mothandizidwa ndi nsapato zazifupi komanso zolimba zazifupi zomwe zimatha kuzimiririka, panda imayenda mosavuta pamiyendo ya mitengo kukafunafuna malo obisika. Nyama imakhala ndi moyo wobisalira, masana imabisala mumphako, yopindika ndikutchingira chakumaso ndi mchira wofiyira. Imasunthira pansi pang'ono ndipo ngati ngozi zitha kukwera mumtengo. Nyama imasamalira ubweya wake mosamala, ikatha chakudya chilichonse, ginger wodula bwino amatha kunyamula ubweya wake wokongola ndikugwetsa mphuno yake.
Little Panda Styana.
Nyamayi imakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India. Amatsatira madera amapiri omwe ali pamtunda wa 2000 - 4800 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Pali mitundu iwiri ya panda yaying'ono: yaing'ono (yofiyira) pandaanaana (Ailurus fulgens) imapezeka kum'mawa kapena kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa Myanmar, yaing'ono yaying'ono (yofiira) panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) imakhala kumadzulo kwa Nepal ndi Bhutan.
Panda Wamchepera.
Panda yaying'ono St panda yophimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda ndipo ndi wamkulu kukula, mawonekedwe ake a chovalacho amasiyanasiyana kwambiri mkati mwa mitunduyi, motero mutha kupeza nyama zomwe mtundu wake ndi wakuda kwambiri. Nyengo m'makhola ofiira ndi abwino kuzizira, kotero kuti malaya aubweya amathandiza kupilira malo okhala. Zisanu ndi chilimwe m'malo awa a dziko lapansi amasiyana mu kuchuluka kwa mpweya, koma palibe kusinthasintha kowonekera mu kayendedwe ka kutentha mkati mwa chaka. Kutentha kwapakati pa mpweya kumakhala pakati pa madigiri 10-25, mpweya ndi 3500 mm pachaka. Kudontha kokhazikika, chifunga ndi mvula zimathandizira kuti zomera zobiriwira zizikula, zomwe zimakhala malo achitetezo kwa oyenda.
Paphasi ofiira sakonda chidwi.
Nkhalango zomwe panda yofiira imakhala ndi mitundu yosakanizika, imakonda kupezeka mwa iyo, koma mitundu yodalitsika yaminga imakulanso, malo otsetsereka amapangidwa ndi rhododendron ndipo chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri cha pandas ndi nkhokwe za bamboo. Ngakhale panda ndi nyama yanyama yodya nyama ndipo ili ndi chakudya chamaumbo mwa nyama zamtunduwu, 95% yazakudya zake zimakhala ndi masamba a nsungwi. Chakudya choterocho sichimapatsa mphamvu kamoyo kambiri, motero, red yofiyirayo imatenga masamba osusuka kwambiri, masana imadya masamba 1.5-5 kg a masamba a bamboo ndi mphukira. Mimba ya nyamayo sigaya bwino mafuta okuta, kotero panda amasankha magawo ang'ono kwambiri komanso abwino kwambiri azomera.
Phula wamng'ono akamapuma.
M'nyengo yozizira, nsungwi sizipanga mphukira zatsopano, zimasiyanitsa zakudya zake ndi mazira a mbalame, tizilombo, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndi zipatso. Kupanda kutero, kusowa kwa michere kumakhudza ntchito ndi thanzi la nyama yolusa. M'malo achilengedwe, maapoya ofiira amakhala zaka 8 mpaka 15. Mukamalankhulana, nyama zimachita phokoso laphokoso, kumangirira mchira wokongola, kugwedeza mutu ndikusuntha nsagwada. Nyengo yakuswana ndi mu Januware, nthawi yomwe awiriawiri amapanga. Kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumatenga masiku 50, ngakhale kuti kutalika kwa masiku 90 mpaka 145 kumadutsa pakubala ndi pakubala. Kungotukuka kumene kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumachedwa pang'ono, ndipo nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa ndi akatswiri kuyimba.
Akazi onse amasamalira ana, amuna nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zovuta komanso zazitali zotere. Koma pankhaniyi, kusiyanasiyana ndikotheka ku banja lomwe lili ndi ubale wokhazikika. Zitsamba zimawoneka m'ngalawa, pomwe mizere yazikazi yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ndi nthambi musanabadwe mwana, nthawi zambiri imakhala pamalo a mtengo kapena mumphaka pakati pa miyala.
Ana ang'ono amabadwa opanda thandizo, ali ndi maso otsekeka. Kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 100 okha, ndipo utoto wake ndi wotuwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi utoto wa nyama zachikulire, beige. Paka wofiira amabereka ana ochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ana 1-2 m'mabanja awo, ndipo ngati ochulukirapo abadwa atatu kapena 4, ndiye m'modzi yekha yemwe amakhalapobe wamkulu.
Ana ang'ono a panda.
Zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama zomwe sizidya zakudya zamitundu yambiri kuti zidyetse ana ambiri. Potere, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumayamba kugwira ntchito ndikusiya mwana wamphamvu kwambiri, wokhoza kubereka ana athanzi labwino. Paphas ang'onoang'ono amakula pang'onopang'ono, maso awo amatseguka kokha patsiku la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Zachikazi zimanyambita mosamala ndikudyetsa mkaka wokha. Pazaka zitatu zokha, mtundu wa chovalacho umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofanana, monga akulu. Tsopano anawa akuyamba kuchoka mwamanyazi pachiwopsezo chofunafuna nsungwi. Banja limakhala ndi moyo wosasunthika ndikuyenda pamalowo mpaka pakati pa dzinja, ndipo mwina pachaka chonse.
Yaikazi imasamalidwa ndi wamkazi kwa nthawi yayitali, imakhala pafupifupi nthawi yake yonse yokhala ndi ana ake, popeza ana a panda okha sangakhale ndi moyo ndipo akuyenera kufa. M'malo obiriwira a panda ofiira, mulibe adani ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri nyamayo imachitidwa ndi nyalugwe wa chipale chofewa, koma nyama zamtunduwu zatsala pang'ono kutha. Panda yofiira yaphatikizidwa mu International Red Book kuyambira Marichi 1988, ngati mitundu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. Pali ochepa kwambiri mwa anyani okongola awa m'malo awo, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa alipo anthu 2500 okha. Malo okhala ndi red panda akuwopsezedwa ndi contraction. Mitengo yambiri ya msungwi imadulidwa mokomera anthu.
Panda nthawi zonse amakhala pachiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko chifukwa cha ubweya wake wokongola, ngakhale kusaka nyama kuli koletsedwa paliponse, asitikali akupitilira kuwombera nyama ku India ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China. Njira zomwe zachitidwa kuti zitetezedwe ku malo osungira nyama, pakadali pano pali mitundu yatsopano 350 yomwe imakhala m'mapaki 85 a dziko lapansi, omwe amakhala mu ukapolo. Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, abala ana omwe adachulukitsa kawiri kuchuluka kwa apapi akukhala muukapolo.
Ngakhale njira zomwe amatenga kuti zisungidwe zambirimbiri, panda imeneyi imaswana pang'onopang'ono. Pali zifukwa zachilengedwe zamtunduwu: kuchuluka kwa ana mu ana ndi ochepa, ndipo amawonekera kamodzi pachaka, amatha kutha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ndipo amadya mitundu yokhayo yamitundu. Mwachilengedwe, maapoya amafa pazifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndikusintha kwamoyo. Chifukwa chake, panda ginger amakhala mtundu wa ziwopsezo.
Pakafi wofiira amadya zonse zakudimba komanso chakudya chomwe nyama zimachokera.
Koma tikuyembekeza kuti nyamayi siidzachoka padziko lapansi, monga nyama zina zambiri. umunthu uli ndi mphamvu zakukonza zolakwika zomwe zidapangidwa mu ubale ndi abale athu ochepera. Ndipo mibadwo yamtsogolo ya anthu idzakondwereranso chilombo chokongola. Panda wofiira ndi mtundu wa Mozilla. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chitchaina, hunho - "fire fox" - amamveka mu Chingerezi ngati Firefox.
Mwa njira, zambiri zofunikira zokhudzana ndi papo wofiira zimatha kupezeka pa webusayiti sweetpanda.ru pagawo laling'ono la pandas.
Dzinali lidalandiridwa ndi msakatuli wamba - "Mozilla Firefox". Mwina mtundu wodziwika umathandizira nyamayo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyama zosowa kudzachira pang'onopang'ono.
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