Khwangwala ndi nyama yocheperako kuposa wamba mongrel. Mwakuwonekera konse, ali wofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe yochepetsedwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nkhandwe wamba yopanda mchira kumafika masentimita 80, ndipo kutalika mumapewa sikudutsa 50 cm, nthawi zambiri 42-45. Amalemera makilogalamu 7-10, osawonjezereka. Khwangwala ndi wowonda komanso wowonda kuposa nkhandwe, miyendo yake ndiyokwera kwambiri, ndipo kupukutira kumakhala lakuthwa, ngakhale kuli kowongoka kuposa nkhandwe. Mchira wake ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo umawoneka kuti ndi wandiweyani, umakhala pansi nthawi zonse, ngati nkhandwe. Tsitsi lomwe lili ndi thupi limakhala lalifupi, lolimba komanso lakuda. Pamanja, zala 5, kumiyendo yakumbuyo - 4, zibwano zamaso. Mano 42, monga oyimira amitundu onse Canis.

Mtundu wonse wa chinsalu nthawi zambiri imvi ndi kukhudza chikasu, kufiyira, kunyemba. Kumbuyo ndi m'mbali, utoto umasandulika wakuda, ndipo pamimba ndi pakhosi ndimawoneka achikaso. Mapeto a mchira wakuda. Mtundu wa nkhandwe, komabe, umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo. Ubweya wa chilimwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wamfupi komanso wowonda kuposa nthawi yozizira ndipo umakhala ndi mtundu wowongolera, wopanda mawonekedwe akuda.

Kugawa ndi malo

Jackal ndi nyama wamba ku South Asia. Amagawidwa ku India ndi zigawo kumadzulo kwake - ku Near ndi Middle East, ku Central ndi Asia Minor. Jackal amakhala ku Africa konse kumpoto kwa Sahara. Ku Europe, imapezeka ku Greece ndi ku Balkan, Caucasus, Dagestan komanso pafupifupi dera lonse la Nyanja Yakuda, ngakhale kuti dera lomwe lili m'derali ndi lopasuka kwambiri.

Kudutsa konseko, nkhandweyo imakonda malo okhala ndi zitsamba zambiri, mabedi abango pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Imakwera kumapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 1000 m, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako kumapiri. Kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe za chimbudzi ndikofunika. Ku Uzbekistan, mwachitsanzo, imangokhala kokha m'madzi osefukira am mitsinje yayikulu, tugai wandiweyani ndi mabango. Monga malo othawirako, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, zopindika pakati pa miyala, nthawi zina mapanga a akatumbu, zimbudzi, nkhandwe, ndipo nthawi zina zimadzigunda nokha (izi ndizowona makamaka kwa akazi agalu). Njira zokhala ndi mayendedwe abwino nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera anthu ake okhala. Khwangwala samapewa kuyandikira kuyandikira kwa munthu, koma nthawi zambiri, amakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumbayo kenako amagulitsa zinyalala, amaba nkhuku, ndikulowa m'minda. Ku India ndi Pakistan usiku amatha kuwoneka akuyenda m'misewu yamidzi ngakhale mizinda. Ngati m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya South Asia kuli madera akuluakulu obiriwira, ndiye kuti nkhandwe zimakhalamo. Ngakhale mu nkhonya zazikulu, mamiliyoni 10 a Delhi nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo opezeka zipululu, manda, mapaki amtchire, ndi misewu yama sitima. Ndi kusinthasintha kotere komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, nkhandwe wamba monga mtundu, mwachidziwikire, imakhala pangozi iliyonse.

Masanjidwe

Mabizinesi awiri akuluakulu amapezeka. Ankhandwe omwe amakhala ku Mediterranean ndi Kumwera kwa Europe, kuphatikiza Caucasus ndi Dagestan, ndi amtundu wa boma Canis aureus maeoticus. Zovala zakum'mawa kwa malowa (India, Central Asia, Iran) ndi am'mabuku wamba Canis aureus aureus utoto wowala kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ingapo yaying'ono yomwe ili makamaka ku North Africa:

• Canis aureus algirensis
• Canis aureus anthu
• Canis aureus bea
• Canis aureus lupaster
• Canis aureus maroccanus
• Canis aureus riparius
• Canis aureus soudanicus

Kusankhidwa kwa mabanjawa sikuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri onse azamanyama.

Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe

Chinkhanira wamba ndi chirombo chodabwitsa. Amadyera makamaka mumdima. Chofunika kwambiri m'zakudya ndizopondera, koma osati zambiri, monga mafungo. Imagwira nyama zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana ndi mbalame, komanso abuluzi, njoka, achule, nkhono, imadya tizilombo tambiri - kafadala, ziwala, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Ankhandawa amakonda kuyendayenda m'maiwe komwe amapeza nsomba za snihuyu. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, madzi am'madzi akayamba kuzizira, chimbalangondo chimakonda kusewera madzi amvula. Atapeza mtembo wa nyama yayikulu yakugwa, ankhandwe nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ndikudya nyama ndi nyama zouluka.

Aubweya nthawi zambiri amasaka okha kapena awiriawiri, nthawi zina m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amachita chizimba kuti agwiritse ntchito mosavomerezeka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagwira. Ndiziwedza limodzi, ndipo zimakhamukira zinzake. Chothawathawa ndi nyama yotukuka kwambiri, sikuti amangokhala anzeru komanso ochenjera, komanso amachita zinthu monyanyira komanso okalamba. Pakulumpha kwambiri, amatha kugwira mbalame yomwe yatuluka kale mlengalenga. Mbalame zodyera pansi - ma pheas, ma turuch - amavutika kwambiri ndi ankhandwe. Khwangwala amasaka mlenje, akugwedezeka ndi kanthu kakang'ono, nthawi zambiri amayimilira kuti abweretse ndikumvetsera. Kumene kuli nyama zazikulu zolusa, ankhandwe amazitsatira kuti agwiritse ntchito zotsalira za nyama yawo, nkutenga zotsala kuchokera pansi pa mphuno. Ankhandwe ndi nyama zangokhala ndipo sizimasamuka nthawi zina, koma nthawi zina amakhala kutali ndi malo omwe amakhala kuti akusaka moyo ndikuwoneka m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amafa ng'ombe kapena osabera nyama kuthengo.

Jackal amadya zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso zambiri, kuphatikizapo mphesa, mavwende, mavwende, mababu azomera, mizu ya nzimbe zakutchire. Ku Tajikistan, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, amadya makamaka zipatso za sucker.

Ziwawa zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu zimapatsidwa ndalama zambiri. M'midzi ndi m'mizinda ya South Asia, iwo amayenda munjira zamatayala ndi milu ya zinyalala, akumayendayenda pofunafuna zidutswa pakati pa malo ovutika.

Chothawathawa ndi chinyama chochenjera komanso chosazindikira. Ponena za kuukira kosautsa kunyumba za nkhuku ndi nkhokwe za anthu wamba, mwina ali wamkulu kuposa nkhandwe. Komabe, khwangwala ndi wamantha kwambiri kuti akhale woyamba kumenya munthu, chifukwa chake kuvutika kumene anthu amalandila kuchokera kuzinyama izi ndizochepa kwambiri.

Fomu ya nkhandwe kwa moyo wonse, ndipo yamphongo imatenga gawo lokangalika pomanga dzenje ndi maphunziro a ana. Kubadwa kwa jackal kumawonedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januware mpaka February, nthawi zina mpaka Marichi. Mpikisano wofanana ndi womwe wafotokozedwera nkhandwe - mimbulu ilira mokweza. Mimba imatenga masiku 60-63. Ana agalu amabadwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala za 4-6, nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka zimafika pa 8. Imayi yaikazi nthawi zambiri imabowo, yomwe ndi yosavuta kupitirira mita ziwiri ndi mita imodzi kuya. Zimbudzi zamtchire, ndizosavuta kwambiri kuposa nkhandwe. Mulu waukulu wa malo nthawi zambiri umathiridwa kutsogolo kwa chosalo. Mumabowo mumabisalamo nkhandwe masana, komanso panthawi yowopsa - nthawi ina. Nthawi zina pafupi ndi malo ena kumene mumakhala timibulu tambiri tosiyanasiyana. Burrows imakhazikika m'malo osagonjetseka.

Yaikazi imadyetsa ana ake mkaka kwa miyezi iwiri, koma atatha masabata awiri am'modzi amayamba kudyetsa, akumeza kuyamwa. M'dzinja, achichepere amakhala odziimira pawokha ndikusaka okha kapena m'magulu a nyama 2-5. Zazikazi zimatha kutha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ndipo amuna awiri. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikufika zaka 12-14.

Wothawathawa ndiwaphokoso kwambiri komanso mawu. Isanayambe kusaka, chilombo chija chimakuwa, kulira kwambiri, mokweza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imasankha anthu ena onse oyandikana nawo. Amayamba kulira nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, pamamveka kulira kwa mabelu, phokoso la siren, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, ankhandwe amafuula nthawi yonse kuthawa. M'nyengo yamvula yamkuntho komanso yamkuntho, iwo amakhala chete, koma amalira kwambiri usiku wowoneka bwino.

Koma za adani achilengedwe ankhandwe, ndiye kwa chinyama chaching'ono komanso chofooka ichi, chilichonse cholusa chapakati komanso chachikulu chimatha kukhala ngozi. Misonkhano ndi nkhandwe, pomwe mndandanda wake umagawanikana ndi khwangwala, sikhala bwino kwa nkhandweyo - imakonda kupeza nkhandwe kuti idye nawo nkhomaliro. M'midzi yopanda phokoso, agalu nthawi zina amaphwanyidwa.

Wachibale wamba ndi bambo

M'malo ena nkhandwe siyimawopa munthu ndipo imatha kuyima pamayendedwe angapo kuchokera kwa anthu wamba. Kumene kuli ankhandwe ambiri, minda ya anthu wamba imagwirira ntchito kwambiri. Zovala zimayambitsa zowononga zambiri m'minda, mavwende ndi minda, kudya nzimbe, mavwende, mavwende, mphesa. Amakonda maswiti ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha pakati pa zipatso zomwe zimakhala zokhwima kwambiri, akuwononga ambiri osakhazikika, omwe, poyesa kulawa, amasiya. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu am'derali nthawi zambiri amathamangitsa ankhandwe, kuwagwira mothandizidwa ndi alendo kapena, nthawi zina, amawombera. Koma kusaka kwa nkhandwe sikumachita bwino kwenikweni - nkhandweyo ndi yochenjera kwambiri kuti ikope diso la osaka amateur kapena igwere mumsampha wosachedwa. Zovala zimatha kulolera pamafamu ovuta kwambiri, makamaka mu nutria ndi muskrat, komanso nyengo yachisanu ya mbalame zamasewera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ankhandwe nthawi zina amayambitsa matenda oopsa - matenda a chiwewe komanso matenda. M'maderamo, chinkhandwe chimakhala chirombo "chotchedwa zinyalala", choyendetsa matenda komanso majeremusi.

Ngati tingaganizire za nkhandweyo kuchokera pamalingaliro ogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti palibe phindu lililonse chifukwa - khungu lake siloyenera ntchito zamanja. Mu 40-50s ku USSR, ubweya wa nkhandwe, adatuta, ngakhale anali ochepa kwambiri.

Khwangwala amayenda bwino. Palibe zodabwitsa m'mbuyomu, iye, zikuwoneka kuti, adabala agalu ena.

Wanjala pachikhalidwe

Khwangwala ali ndi malo ofunikira pokambirana ndi anthu a ku Asia ndi ku Africa. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri mu nthano za ku India, momwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati wamantha, koma wankhanza, wabera aliyense amene akumana naye. M'malo ambiri Kumpoto ndi Kumadzulo kwa Africa, nkhandoyi imalemekezidwanso chifukwa chanzeru komanso mwachangu.

Ku Egypt kale, nkhandwe inali imodzi mwa nyama zotchuka kwambiri, mulungu Anubis adamufanizira ndi mutu wankhandwe.

Kwa anthu ambiri, chithunzi cha nkhandwe sichili choyipa, ngakhale sichiri chonyansa ngati fano la fisi. Chifukwa chake, ku Muslim East, nkhandwe imalumikizana ndi kunyongedwa pang'ono, kunyambita, komanso zamanyazi (chifukwa chake, mwachidziwikire, ndichizolowezi chazachilendo kutola zotsalira za chakudya champhongo zazikulu, kuzitsatira zidendene). Amanenanso kuti wamantha komanso wankhanza. M'mayiko awa, mawu oti "chinkhandwe", "mwana wa chinkhanira" ndi matemberero amwano. Chithunzi chomwechi cha nkhandwe chinakhazikitsidwa ndi R. Kipling mu "mabuku ake a Jungle" - onani Tobaccos.

Ngakhale ku Russia kunali malo a nkhandwe. Ndi liwu lodziwika bwino "chiphokoso" tanthauzo lake - kupempha modzichepetsa kutipatsani ndalama.

Zosangalatsa

• Aroma amatcha nkhandwe nkhandwe wagolide. Chifukwa chake mtundu wa Latin Latin aureus, ndiye kuti, golide.

• Kukula kwa mafupa, komwe nthawi zina kumapezeka pachikopa cha nkhandwe wamba komanso kumakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, kumawerengedwa ngati mascot abwino kwambiri kumadera ambiri ku India ndipo kumatchedwa nyanga za nkhandwe.

• Msewu wa Chandragupta Marg ku Delhi, womwe umayang'anizana ndi Kazembe wa Russia ku India, amadziwika pakati pa ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira pansi pa dzina la Jackal Street. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale zaka pafupifupi 10-15 zapitazo, munthu amatha kukumana ndi nkhandwe pa iwo, omwe adavota mokulira usiku.

• Kampani ya Aeroflot sigwiritsa ntchito agalu, koma mtanda pakati pa ankhandwe ndi agalu a Sulimov, kuti ayang'anire katundu pazomwe zingapezeke kuti amaphulika. Zosangalatsa, "mtundu" uwu umatchedwa "shabaka." Amatsutsa kuti Shabaki ali ndi fungo labwino kuposa galu wamba.

• "Dzina loti" Jackal "lidavalidwa ndi chigawenga chodziwika bwino padziko lonse Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez.

Zolemba

1. ↑Sokolov V.E. Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Amayi Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French. / kusinthidwa ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 94. - 10,000 makopi.
2. ↑African Wolf // Brockhaus ndi Epheronicededic Dictionary: M'mavoliyumu 86 (mavoliyumu 82 ndi zina 4). - SPb. , 1890-1907. Nkhani Pedashenko D. D.

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