Pachilengedwe pang'ono mumatha kukumana ndi mbalame zodziyesa, zolimba mtima komanso zowopsa. Tikuyankhula za woyimira banja la hawk, omwe ndi falconidae mbalame mbalame.

M'makhalidwe ake onse, mphamvu ndi mphamvu zapadera zimawonekera. Masomphenya ake nthawi zina amakhala akuthwa kuposa masomphenya a munthu. Kuchokera kumtunda waukulu, mbalameyo imawona kusuntha kwa wogwidwa yemwe angathe kupitirira 300 metres.

Malamba ake olimba ndi mapiko akuluakulu okhala ndi muyeso wa mita osapatsa mpata wozunzidwa. Mbira ikasuntha, mtima wake umamenya mwachangu kwambiri.

Goshawk hawk

Ndikosavuta kwa maso kudziwa malo omwe akumenyedwayo. China chilichonse ndi nkhani yaukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati phalaphala ligwidwa ndi kachoko, ndiye kuti kamene kamayesedwa nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi mphezi. Amachoka mumlengalenga.

Kukumana ndi kambuku kumalepheretsa tsitsi lanu kukhala lachiwiri. Mtima ndi mapapu a wovutikidwayo zimabedwa ndi zibowo zakuthwa nthawi yomweyo nyama yolusa. Kupulumutsidwa pankhaniyi ndikosatheka.

Moyo & Habitat

Kukhazikika kwa mpheta ndizambiri:

• Eurasia
• Australia
• Africa
• zilumba za indonesia ndi philippines
• Kumpoto / South America
• Tasmania
• Ceylon
• Madagascar ndi ena.

Squadron amakhala m'malo a mapiri ndi m'malo osalala. Amakhala momasuka m'nkhalango, m'misasa ndi m'nkhalango. Akuebue amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango osakwerera m'makola. Amasankha m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowala, malo owonekera pobisalira chisa, komanso amakonda nkhalango zowala. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri ndikuyandikira kwa chosungira.

Mbalame zina amazolowera kukhala m'malo otetezeka komanso m'malo olima. Panthawi yozizira kwambiri, nthumwi za hawk zimatha kupezekanso m'malo omwe amakhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyama. Osati kaŵirikaŵiri, oyandikana nawo motero ndi oyenera moyo wa mpheta.

Kuthamanga, mbalame zolumala pagalasi la nyumba, zimagwera m'mawaya, zimazunzidwa ndi hooligans. Amatha kudumphira pazenera kuti apindule ndi zazing'ono (ma paroti, makoswe, hamsters), osazindikira zotchinga zowonekera ngati galasi.

Ziwoko zosiyanasiyana zimakhazikika. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu okhala pamtunda wamtunda wotentha. Pomwe anthu okhala kumpoto amasamukira kumwera. Kwenikweni, mitundu yamtunduwu imatsatira malo ake moyo wonse. Komabe, iwo amapanga zisa zatsopano chaka chilichonse pafupi ndi chaka chatha.

Pomanga nyumba zatsopano, mbalame zimasankha nsonga za conifers zosakwana 3-6 metres kuchokera pansi, nthawi zina, zisa zimapezeka pamakona ooneka bwino, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zotetezedwa pafupi ndi thunthu ndi masamba ambiri kuchokera kumaso osafunikira. Nthawi yakumanga chisa sichinafotokozeredwe (makamaka kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo), zonse zimatengera nyengo nyengo zomwe mbalame zimakhalamo.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Mbalameyi imachokera ku mtundu wa zigamba zenizeni za banja la hawk ndi dongosolo la mawonekedwe a hawk. Zinatengera anthu zaka zana ndi theka kuti alemberenso mitundu yonse ya Sparrowhawk. Amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake. Pali zosiyana pang'ono kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake.

Asayansi afotokoza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi:

• Accipiter nisus nisus amakhala ku Europe, komanso kotakata pakati pa mapiri a Ural, Siberia ndi Iran. Ili nalo dzina lake mu 1758. Yofotokozedwa koyamba ndi Carl Linnaeus.
• Accipiter nisus nisosimilis akhazikika ku Central and Eastern Siberia, Japan, China ndi Kamchatka. Yofotokozedwa mu 1833 ndi a Samuel Tickel.
• Accipiter nisus melaschistos amakhala kumapiri a Afghanistan, Himalayas, Tibet ndi Western China. Yofotokozedwa mu 1869. Izi zidachitidwa ndi Allen Octavius ​​Hume.
• Accipiter nisus granti adasankha Canary Islands ndi Madeira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Wosankhidwa monga subspecies mu 1890 ndi Richard Bowler Sharp.
• Accipiter nisus punicus ndi wawung'ono kwambiri paboko. Amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa komanso kumpoto kwa Sahara. Adafotokozedwa mu 1897 ndi wodziyang'anira ku Germany Carlo von Erlanger.
• Zidole za Accipiter nisus wolterstorffi ku Sardinia ndi Corsica. Yofotokozedwa mu 1900 ndi Otto Kleinschmidt.

Subspecies kumpoto amapita nthawi yozizira ku Mediterranean ndi North Africa.

Zomwe zimadya

Anapiye ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya zomwe zimadya kwambiri nyama. Nkhuku ndi achinyamata amadya mphutsi, tizilombo, achule ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Akamakula, amphaka amayamba kusaka nyama zazikulu ngati pheasants, hazel grouse, agologolo, haresi, akalulu.

Anapiye amasaka masana, kamodzi masiku awiri, ali ndi "thumba" lapadera m'mimba mwake, lomwe limasunga gawo laogwidwa ndikudya, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo limalowa m'mimba.

Ziwopsezo zimadziwika chifukwa cha maso okongola kwambiri, pomwe zikuuluka mlengalenga zimafunafuna nyama zazitali mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Pambuyo pofufuza nyama, mbalameyo imangothamangira pansi ndikuigwira ndi miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri. Mukathamangitsa, khungubwe imangoyang'ana kwambiri nyama pomwe nthawi zina siziwona zopinga panjira, mwachitsanzo, mtengo, nyumba kapenanso sitima.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Sparrowhawk

Sparrowhawk ili ndi mawu ofuula. Koma kumva zilombo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Akatswiri a zamankhwala ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe amakhala m'malo obisalamo kwa maola ambiri. Ndizotheka kujambula mawu a mbalame pokhapokha pakusaka ndi kukhathamira. Mosiyana ndi abale ake akuluakulu, Accipiter nisus samenya nyama zazing'ono. Zomwe amasaka nthawi zonse zimakhala mbalame.

Mpheta zachikazi zimakhala zazikulupo pafupifupi ziwiri zazimuna. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi 170 g, pomwe akazi ndi 250-300 g. Mapiko achidule komanso mchira wautali zimathandiza kuti mbalame izitha kuthamanga. Mapiko achikazi sapitilira 22cm kutalika, amphongo - 20 cm. Thupi limakhala ndi masentimita 38. Amuna amakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana. Imvi yapamwamba kwambiri, yoyera pansi ndi yofiirira komanso yofiyira. Masaya a amuna nawonso ndi ofiira. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nsidze.

Zochitika Pazikhalidwe

Mwakutero, mawu ochokera ku Sparrowhawk samveka. Imatha kupanga mawu othamanga ngati kubwereza maulendo atatu, komwe sikumakhala kokwanira, nthawi zambiri mawu amamveka pokhapokha ngati pali chiopsezo kwa mbalame kapena anapiye ake.

Mwa nyama zazikulu zomwe zimasaka, abuluzi ndi mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, pakati pawo zomwe zimakhala ndi chitetezo. Chakudya chochuluka kwambiri cha iwo chili ndi ma buluu, zovala zachikuda, ndi mitengo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimadyera ndi nkhunda. Kuphatikiza pa mbalame, akambuku amatha kugwira ndikudya nyama zazing'ono akafuna kusaka.

Mpheta zodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala mbewa za mpheta zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa mzindawu, nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mpheta.

Pakati pa akatswiri opanga ma ornith, khungubwi imadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake koteteza zisa ndi anapiye ake kwa ambiri omwe amadya kuposa iwowo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu akaonekera pafupi ndi thireti ndi mwana wankhuku, wamkazi amatha kudziponyera wopondapondayo, akuwuluka mozungulira ndikuwukira kumbuyo, akugwada kumbuyo kwa mutu. Nthawi yomweyo, mkaziyo azingomuvutitsa mpaka mlendo wowopsa atachoka pomwe panali chisa.

Pothamanga kwambiri komanso kosavuta kuyenda, zigaweng zina zimasinthana ndikutuluka, ndipo sizimakonda kuuluka m'mlengalenga.

Video Sparrowhawk:

Chachikazi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa bulauni kuchokera pamwambapa. Pansi pake ndi loyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mwa akazi, mosiyana ndi amuna, mutu wofiyira m'madziwo sungakhalepo. Zazonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna pam mchira pakuuluka zikuwoneka bwino mikwingwirima 5 yosiyanasiyana. Matupi ali ndi mikwingwirima yavy. Imamveka ngati mbalame yovala zida.

Achichepere amasiyana ndi achikulire pakuzama komanso kowala kwa utoto. Mbalame zazing'ono sizikhala ndi utoto wowala m'mitundu yambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo achilendo - mawonekedwe mumitima amawonekera kuchokera pansi. Mpheta zimakhala ndi malo atatu owoneka bwino achikaso pamtundu wamba. Maso, miyendo ndi maziko a mulomo ndi canary chikasu. Mlomo ndi wocheperako, mutu ndi wozungulira.

Mbalame ya Quail: kufotokozera, moyo, kugawa

Quail - mbalame yakuthengo yomwe ili m'gulu la nkhuku. M'masiku akale, zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa asaka. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kwatsika kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, zinziri zimapitilirabe kudya, zobzalidwa pamafamu apadera.

Kodi mbalameyi ndi yotani? Amawoneka bwanji? Kodi mitundu imakhala kuti? Kodi zinziri ndi ziti? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi enanso mungawapeze m'buku lathu.

Kodi Sparrowhawk amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Male Sparrowhawk

Mtunda wa Sparrowhawk ndiwotalika modabwitsa. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimapezeka ku Siberia, Far East, Europe, Afghanistan ndipo ngakhale m'malo otetezeka monga Himalayas ndi Tibet. Ma subspecies ena sanasankhe kumtunda, koma Islands Canary Islands, Madeira, Sardinia ndi Corsica. Oimira mbalame zamtunduwu adakhazikika ngakhale ku Africa.

Osati mitundu yonse ya Sparrowhawk yosamukira. Mbalame zokhala ku gawo la ku Europe nthawi yozizira kudera la Mediterranean, Middle East, komanso ku Japan ndi Korea. Amakhala m'nyumba zawo pachaka chonse ndipo ali ndi zisa ovala bwino. Njira zosamukasukira za agalu ang'onoang'ono ndizogwirizana ndi malo okhala mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe nyama yam'madziyi imadya. Kupita kukazizira, akuba amawuluka kumpoto kwa Caucasus, Iran ndi Pakistan - madera okhawo komwe mbawala zimadyera zinziri, zomwe zimakhala zochulukirapo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo obiriwira omwe asamuke azipuma komanso kudya.

Chosangalatsa: Dzinanso la kangale lomwe limalandiridwa chifukwa cha chidwi cha munthu posaka nyama yotchuka ya zinziri. Mwachilengedwe, khungubwi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mwayi wosaka mbalamezi.

Sparrowhawk amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Itha kupezeka onse munkhalango ndi mapiri, komanso kunja kwa mzinda. Amakhala mosavuta m'mapiri. Zisa za hawua za Quail zimapezeka pamtunda wa 5000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo ake omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zowuma, mapiri a mitsinje, mapiri, zigwa ndi zipululu.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Zima Sparrowhawk

Khungubwe silisiya kunkhondo ndipo silisiya kumenyerako nkhondo. Samakhudzidwa ndi gulu la nkhosa zamantha zomwe zimadza ndi mantha. Amagwiritsa ntchito mantha a mbalame posaka. Sparrowhawk, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimadyedwa, siziwombera mlengalenga poyang'anira nyama. Iye ndi katswiri pakukonzekera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mchira wotseguka, amawuluka kwakanthawi mlengalenga.

Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha kusalingana ndi kukula kwa mbalamezi awiriawiri, zazimuna zimadyera nyama yaying'ono, pomwe zazikazi zimakonda zazikulu.

Ili ndi nzeru zapamwamba. Amayankhulana ndi munthu. Wopepuka bwino komanso wopindulitsa. Mnzanu wamkulu pakusaka. Mbali iyi ya zinziri za zinziri imayimbidwa mu ndakatulo ndi prose. Mbawala za zinziri zimakonda kusaka mbalame zamitundu yambiri kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 500 mpaka 1500 AD. Ku Russia, mbalameyi idatchedwa kambuku kakang'ono. Mwamaphunziro anaphunzitsidwa kusaka zinziri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dzina loti "mpheta", lomwe limadziwika ku Europe, silinakhalepo ku Russia.

Njira yosaka imatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a anatomical a hawk. Mapiko achidule amakulolani kuyendayenda pakati pa masamba amitengo ndikuchepetsedwa. Mchira wa nthenga zazitali umakhala woluntha kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbalameyo izikhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna nyama.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mpheta zokhala ndi mabanja osakhazikika ndi zisa zakusidwa. Pazowopsa, awiriwiriwo samachoka pamalopo, koma amakweza chisa kumtunda. Imasiyanitsa yakale ndikumatengera yatsopano kuchokera ku zomangira zomwe zilipo.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Pakutha kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, mbalame zimamaliza kuzungulira msambo ndipo ndi okonzeka koyamba kugundana. Nthawi yaubwenzi imatha ndikupanga awiri khola. Mabungwe akupitilira kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Mabanja ena amakhala ndi zisa zingapo nthawi imodzi. Asayansi awona kuti nyamayi "imasuntha" kuchoka pachisa chimodzi kupita kwina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika, kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo.

Ananso amapanga chisa chakuya pamalo okwera mamita 10 kapena kupitilira. Pakhalapo nthawi zina pamene akuba ankakweza chisa chawo chaka ndi chaka. Khalidwe la mbalamezi limachitika chifukwa chakusokonezedwa kwakunja. Dzira limayikidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kasupe ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe. Komabe, pali zochitika pamene kumanga kumatsirizika kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pafupifupi, banja limayika mazira 5. Akatswiri a Ornithologists adawona kuti kukula kwa zomangamanga tsopano kwatsika. Amakhulupirira kuti zochitika zachilengedwe zimakhudza kuchepa kwa mazira.

Kukongoletsa koyera kumathandizira pakupanga mazira a zinziri. Utoto wowotcha wamtopola umawasiyanitsa ndi adani akuluakulu. Popanga zisa, zinziri za zinziri zimangogwiritsa ntchito timitengo taudzu ndi udzu, nthenga za mapula. Malo omanga ndi ozama, otsekedwa bwino ndi maso, mphepo ndi mvula.

Zochititsa chidwi: Nthawi ikadzabadwa, mkazi amakhala wankhanza. Milandu yowukiridwa ndi ziphoko za zinziri kwa anthu imadziwika. Ku Ryazan, katswiri wazachipatala anachitidwa chipongwe ndi banja lina lomwe linakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala.

Dzira m'matumbo limatenga masiku 30. Mukamaliza, anapiye amatuluka. Masonry sakhala othandiza nthawi zonse. Monga akatswiri a Ornithologists adazindikira, m'zaka khumi zapitazi, mphamvu za masonry ndi 70-80%. Nguluwe ikafa, mbalame za mpheta zimapanga gulu latsopano. Nthawi zina zisa za mibadwo yosiyana zimapezeka zisa.

Adani Achilengedwe a Sparrowhawk

Chithunzi: Sparrowhawk

Adani achilengedwe a Sparrowhawk ndi mbalame zokulirapo. Goshawk saphonya mwayi kusaka m'bale wake. Kudziteteza kuopseza, mpheta sizimanga zisa mdera lakutali, ndikuyang'ana patali pafupifupi 10 km.

Kupitilira kamodzi, pakhala pakufotokozedwapo milandu yokhudza zinziri za imvi kapena njiwa sparrowhawk, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pagululo, ndikumenya akuba. Zowukira m'magulu ku Sparrowhawk zitha kuwonedwa kumadera oyandikira ndi kumidzi, komwe mbalame zimakhazikika pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala. Magulu angapo ama passerines amakopa akambuku. Koma chiwombankhanga sichitha nthawi zonse kupindula ndi nyama yosavuta. Magulu olinganizidwa bwino samangoyendetsa ziwawankhondo zokha, komanso amathamangitsa zilombo kutali ndi malo odyera.

Adani achilengedwe a mpheta ndi zopanda pake. Afunkha zisa ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono ndi mbalame zazing'ono.

Anthu amapanganso njira zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mbalame:

• Kusintha kwachilengedwe chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu.
• Kuchepetsa chilengedwe cha mbalame.
• Kubisika kwa mitengo, minda yolima, nyumba ndi kutukuka.
• Kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa malo achilengedwe a hawk.
• Kupanga mafakitale oopsa kwambiri omwe amaipitsa malo okhala nkhuku, amachepetsa chakudya, amakhudzanso kubereka.
• Kugwira mbalame kuti ziziphunzitsa ndi kugulitsa.
• Njira zachisangalalo zoteteza minda ya nkhuku ku chinsomba.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Sparrowhawk pamtengo

Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu kukuchepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mphamvu ya munthu pa izo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mbalameyi idawombedwa mopanda nzeru. Amakhulupirira kuti zinziri zimawononga kwambiri ulimi wa nkhuku. Atachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi kotala, anthu pamapeto pake adazindikira momwe kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mpheta kunakhudzira chilengedwe. Kufalikira kosalamulirika kwa ma passerines kudapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa ulimi ndi kupanga mbewu.

Tsopano kwa 100 lalikulu mita. km sitingapezeke zisa zopitilira 4. Kusaka mbalame, zachilengedwe, zina zomwe zidakhudza manambala.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi pali mitundu yopitilira 100,000 ya zinziri:

• Ku Europe, osaposa 2,000 awiriawiri,
• Pali awiriawiri ku Russia,
• Ku Asia, maanja 35,000
• Pali mabanja 18,000 ku Africa
• Pali mabanja 22,000 ku America,
• Pazilumbazi pali 8,000.

Sparrowhawk sizikukhudzana mwanjira iliyonse kuchuluka kwa anthu odutsa, ngakhale kuti amadya mbalame zamtunduwu. Komanso sakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu pakukula kwa minda yamafamu yothandizira anthu wamba. Amakhala ndi malire achilengedwe.

Adani

Ngakhale kuti oimira mabodza ndi mbalame zouluka kwambiri ndipo zikuwoneka kuti samuopa aliyense, wina akuyenera kuopabe. Adani a hawk atha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kumwamba ndi pansi.

Poyamba, amawunikidwa kwambiri ndikukonzekera phwando - kadzidzi, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, yemwe amatha kusankha mbalame kuchokera kunthambi usiku. Komanso nthumwi ya mzere wa falcon iyenera kukhala tcheru nthawi zonse ngati pali chiwombankhanga, munda wamtchire, kite pafupi.

Kachiwiri, zilombo zikuluzikulu zimangodikirira pang'ono. Monga mimbulu, nkhandwe, martens, malembedwe.

Komabe hawk wanzeru kwambiri, othamanga, wokalamba, imachita bwino, mbalame yovuta kuigwira, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kuukira adani imayamba kugwidwa ndi zisa ndi anapiye azidyera.

Goshawk (Wothirira ulemu)

Mawonedwe akulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa amuna kumayambira pa 630 mpaka 1100 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira masentimita 55, mapiko kuyambira 98 mpaka 104. Akazi ndi okulirapo, kutalika kwawo kumayambira 860 mpaka 1600 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa cm 85, mapiko ndi masamba a 105 mpaka 115. Pamaso pa maso Mbalame zimakhala ndi mikwaso yoyera komanso yayitali yomwe pafupifupi imasinthana kumbuyo kwa mutu. Utawaleza wa mbalame zachikulire ndi zofiira kapena zofiirira, zochepera - zachikaso zowala.

Ziwonetsero zochokera kumaso amtambo mpaka zakuda. Kumbuyo, mutu ndi kuphimba kwa mapiko kumakhala kwakuda, mimbayo ndi yopepuka ndi mitsitsi ya imvi yopindika. Mchira wake ndi imvi yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Thupi lakumwamba, mutu ndi mapiko a achinyamata ndi zofiirira, chifuwa ndi choyera ndi mikwingwirima yayitali.

Mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso zowola komanso m'mapiri a ku Europe ndi North America.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)

Nyama yokhala ndi mbewa zazing'ono yokhala ndi mapiko afupi, otambalala, ndi mchira wautali. Kutalika kwamunthu wamwamuna wamkulu kumayambira 29 mpaka 34 cm, mapiko ake ndi 59-64 masentimita. Akaziwo ndi okulirapo pang'ono, mpaka 41 cm kutalika ndi mapiko a 67 mpaka 80 cm, ndipo amalemera kuyambira 186 mpaka 345 g. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi tsitsi. m'maso amdima, nthawi zina ndimtambo wamtambo. Pamimba yokhala ndi tint yofiirira pali mikwingwirima yotuwa. Utawaleza ndi lalanje-wachikasu kapena lalanje. Chachikazi chimakhala ndi khungu la bulauni kapena la bulauni, maso ake ndi achikaso chachikaso.

Amakhala m'malo ozizira komanso otentha ku Europe. Kuchokera kumadera ozizira kumasunthira nyengo yachisanu kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa kupita ku Asia. Amakhala munkhalango, pafupi ndi malo.

Habitat

Chimbudzi wamba - mbalame, yomwe zisa zake zimapezeka mozungulira gawo lonse la Eastern Europe. M'malo am'nyumba, ndiofala ku Siberia, kuyambira kumtunda wa Lena River mpaka kumapeto kwa Zilumba za Solovetsky. Mbalame za Quail zimatha kuwonekanso ku Scandinavia. Kuchuluka kwathunthu ku North America. Pali mitundu ina ku India, China, Mongolia.

Crested Hawk (Accipiter trivirgatus)

Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumayambira 30 mpaka 46 cm. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Pamutu pali chovala chachifupi. Mchirawo ndi wautali, mapiko ndi otakata, afupi. Amuna ndi a bulauni. Mwa akazi, tummy imakhalanso bulauni.

Malo okhala mitunduyi akuphatikizira kumwera kwa Asia (India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines). Amakonda kukhala m'malo otsika, otentha komanso otentha.

Quail - mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi?

Oyimira mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mitunda yamtunda, pomwe kutentha kosasunthika kwa malo ozungulira kumawonedwa, monga lamulo, samachoka m'malo omwe angakhale. Ndiye mbalame yosamukayo ndi zinziri kapena ayi? Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko akumwera chaka chilichonse, komwe kwawo ndi malo ozizira.

Mbalame zinziri sizimasinthidwa kukhala maulendo ataliatali. Mphamvu zamitundu yomwe ili mumlengalenga sizimatchedwa kuti zabwino. Kugonjera mtunda wawutali pakusamuka, nthawi zambiri amira pansi kuti asangalale. Kuchokera kumadera akumpoto njira zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'maiko aku Africa ndi Asia. Apa ndipamene zinziri zimazizira, kenako ndikubwerera kumalo komwe zimabadwira, komwe zimakaberekanso ana.

Short-toed Hawk (Accipiter soloensis)

Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 30 mpaka 36 cm, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna zazitali. Chimafanana ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a sparrowhawk, koma popanda mawonekedwe opindika pamimba komanso zala zazifupi. Mu mbalame zazikulu, nsonga za mapiko ndi zakuda. Kumbuyo kwamphongo ndi imvi, tummyamu ndi zoyera, utawaleza ndi wofiira. Yaikazi imakhala ndi bere lofiira komanso utawaleza wachikasu. Mbalame zazing'ono wokhala ndi akazi.

Mitunduyi imadzala kum'mawa kwa China, Peninsula ya ku Korea, komanso kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai ku Russia. Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Mawonedwe osamukira, amawulukira ku nyumba yozizira ku Indonesia ndi Philippines.

Madagas Hawk (Accipiter francesii)

Kutalika kwamtundu wamtunduwo ndi masentimita 21-29, mapiko ndi kuyambira 40 mpaka 54 cm. Akazi ndi akulu. Kumbuyo kwamphongo ndi imvi yakuda, mutu ndi imvi. Mchira wa imvi wokongoletsedwa ndi chingwe chakuda. Tummy yoyera ndi yoyera yopyapyala yofiirira kapena yofiirira pachifuwa ndi m'mbali. Pali malire oyera pamapiko. Akazi amakhala a bulauni pamwamba, ndipo ali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yofiirira pamchira. Kuwala kwamtunda kwamtunda ndi mitsinje. Utawaleza, sera ndi chikasu chachikasu. Ndipo mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira.

End End ku Madagascar, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango, malo obisika m'nkhalango, komanso m'mapaki, m'minda yayikulu, paminda. Imachitika pamalo okwera mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Light Hawk (Accipiter novaehollandiae)

Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 44 mpaka 55 cm, mapiko a 72-101 cm. Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa zazikazi kukula. Kwa hawk wopepuka, zoyera ndi zoduwa ma morph zimasiyanitsidwa. Zambiri mwa imvi zimayambira imvi kubiri mpaka imvi pamutu wamutu, kumbuyo ndi mapiko, kunsi kuli zoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachifuwa. Mapira ndi oyera. Thonje loyera limapakidwa loyera kwathunthu. Mauta amvula onsewa ndi ofiira-lalanje kapena ofiira akuda, miyendo ndi yachikaso.

Mwa achichepere a imvi, iris ndi nape ndi zofiirira; mikwingwirima imawonetsedwa pachifuwa ndi kumtunda kwa mchira.

Magawo omwe amagawidwawa akuphatikizapo nkhalango, nkhalango zonyowa, mitsinje ndi madambo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, ndi Tasmania.

Striped Hawk (Accipiter striatus)

Mbedza yaying'ono kwambiri ku North America. Kutalika kwamphongo zazimuna kumayambira 24 mpaka 27 cm, kwa akazi kuyambira 29 mpaka 34 cm. Mapikowo ndi masentimita 53 - 65. Kuchulukitsa kwa amuna kumayambira 87 mpaka 114 g, akazi ndi 150-218 g. Mutu umakhala wocheperako, wozungulira bwino. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Bill ndi lakuda, laling'ono, lokhala ngati mbewa. Mapiko amafupika mozungulira, amdima pansi. Zovala zake ndizazikulu, zakuthwa. Zowonjezerazo ndi imvi zakuda, chisoti chachifumucho ndi chakuda, chifuwa, m'mimba ndi pansi pamatayala ndizowala, ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopyapyala. Utawaleza. Miyendo ndi yachikasu. Mchira pali zingwe zoyera. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, korona, nape ndi kumbuyo ndi zofiirira, utawaleza ndi wachikasu.

Mbalameyi imakhala ku Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina.

Mdima Nyimbo Hawk (ma Melierax metabates)

Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 38 mpaka 51 cm. Kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mutu ndi imvi zakuda, chifuwa ndi khosi ndi imvi yopepuka. Mimba yake ndi yoyera, yopindika. Nthenga ndi mchira wake ndi imvi kapena yakuda. Mchirawo ndiwoyera pamwamba. Mlomo wake ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi imvi. Mapapu ndi ofiira.

Mitunduyi imakhala m'misasa ndi m'nkhalango za kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Zakudya za Hawk

Chidwi chachikulu kwambiri kwa iwo chimakhala ndi utoto (wapakatikati ndi wocheperako), koma ngati pangafunike, akambuku amadya nyama zazing'ono, amphibians (ma Toads ndi achule), njoka, abuluzi, tizilombo ndi nsomba. Gawo lalikulu la menyu limapangidwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono (makamaka zochokera ku banja lodutsa):

• oatmeal, mpheta ndi mphodza,
• zopangira, zikopa ndi mitengo,
• zomenyera, zowoloka ndi ma bampu,
• ngolo, mafunde ndi ma dipatimenti,
• Mafumu, ochita zoyipa ndi kuyambiranso,
• zovala zakuda, ntchentche ndi ma tini.

Mbedza zazikulu zimadyera mbalame zazikulu - nkhanu zam'madzi, mitengo yayikulu yodontha, hazel grouse, mapiri, makwangwala, mbalamezo, nkhunda, mbalame zam'madzi, komanso zoweta (nkhuku) ndi mbalame zam'madzi.

Zofunika! Mpheta zaku Japan zimaphatikizira mileme mu chakudya, ndipo zimbalangondo zakuda zaku Africa zimadyanso mbalame zam'madzi zanyanja ndi thunzi tating'ono.

Mwa mbawala zokhala ndi magazi ofunda, amakonda ndere, mbewa, agologolo, mavu, makoswe, agalu, ndi akalulu. Mwa tizilombo, chinjoka, ziwala, cicadas, dzombe ndi kafadala (kuphatikiza njovu, kafadala ndi barbel) zimasiyanitsidwa.

Kudyetsa mpheta

Ngwazi ya nkhani ili ndi dzina lolankhula. Chilombo chimadyera zinziri. Komabe, chakudyachi chimaphatikizanso mbalame zina zazing'ono monga mpheta. Squadron, potengera njira, imawerengedwa ngati chinthu choyang'anira kuchuluka kwawo m'mizinda komanso kuthengo.

M'mavala a hawk amatha kukhala zovala, zikopa zakuda, mitengo, titmouse. Nthawi zina ngwazi ya cholembedwayo amayesa kuukira nkhunda, makamaka achichepere.

Kuwombera mwachangu kwa kankhuni kumafunikira mphamvu yayitali yamphamvu, kutsegula mphamvu. Nyamayi imapatsa onse “njira imodzi” imodzi. Ngati chandamale sichitha kugwidwa, chiwombacho chimakana kugwira. Sparrowhound amabwerera kumalo obisalirako, kudikirira yemwe wakumana nawo.

Akuba akusaka mwakachetechete. Mutha kumva mawu a mbalame pang'onopang'ono, nthawi yakubzala.

Mverani mawu a Sparrowhawk

Khalidwe la nyama zazing'onoting'ono limakhalanso ngati atypical. Kuphunzira kupeza chakudya, akambuku ang'onoang'ono amatha kusaka madzulo, kunyalanyaza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, ngati mpheta yowona ikawonekera kuthawa kumbuyo kwa thambo ladzuwa, munthuyo akhoza kukhala wachichepere.

Zosangalatsa

• Kumene mawu oti hawk amayankhulidwira mosiyanasiyana amayenderana ndi tanthauzo la "lakuthwa", "lakuthwa", "othamanga", "uluka mwachangu ", zomwe zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe komanso momwe mbalame imakhalira.
• Mu nthano zambiri ndi nthano zambiri za anthu padziko lapansi, akambuku, pamodzi ndi chiwombankhanga, amadziwika kuti ndi amithenga a milungu. Anthu okhala ku Egypt wakale amapembedza fano la kambuku, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti maso ake ndi chizindikiro cha mwezi ndi dzuwa, ndipo mapiko ake amaimira kumwamba. Asirikali omenyera nkhondo adayika chifanizo cha kaphiri pamipanda yawo, monga chisonyezo cha kulimba mtima, mphamvu komanso mwankhanza kwathunthu kwa adani.

Kuswana

Nthawi yakukhwima mu zinziri wamba imayamba ndi masiku oyamba amasamba ofunda. Madera akumpoto, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimayamba kubereka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Ma quail ndi zinziri sizimapanga mabungwe ataliatali ndi awiriawiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa. Amuna ndi akazi okwatirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Zisa za quail zimakhala ndi mabowo omwe amakumbidwa m'nthaka. Zachikazi zimakhazikika pamtunda ndi udzu wouma, komanso nthenga zofewa. Monga lamulo, mu malo amodzi mumakhala mazira pafupifupi eyiti. Nthawi zina, chiwerengero chawo chimaposa khumi ndi chimodzi. Mazira ndi ochepa kukula ndipo amakhala ndi brownish tinge malo amdima.

Yaikazi yayikulu zinzirizi zimasilira ana ake kwa milungu itatu. Pambuyo umuna, anyaniwa amabwerera ku moyo wawo wamba ndipo satenga nawo gawo posamalira mazira. Kulera anapiyewo kumagwera paliponse pa zinzirizo.

Anapiye a zinziri omwe anali atangoyamba kumene kusungidwa kale. Mwana akayamba kuuma, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kutsatira amayi ake kulikonse, akuwonetsa kusuntha. Nthochi zimamera mofulumira kwambiri. Amakhala odziimira pawokha, ogonana kale kale masabata a 5-6 kuyambira nthawi yobadwa. Pofika nthawi yophukira, achinyamata amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi lawo, omwe amawapatsa mphamvu pakubwera kwanyengo ikubwerayi.

Zifukwa zophera nyama

Mpaka lero, zinziri wamba zimakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakondweretsa osaka masewera. M'masiku akale, nkhuku kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu zinali zamalonda. Malingaliro awa kwa mbalame panjira ya anthu adapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa mitundu. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zinziri kumawonedwa m'malo a nkhalango. M'mbuyomu m'magawo awa, chiwerengero chinali chachikulu kwambiri.

Chifukwa china chozimiririka pang'onopang'ono mbalame za zinziri m'khola lawo ndikupanga malo olimapo. Chifukwa chake, madera a udzu wokhala ndi udzu wandiweyani amachepetsedwa. Malo amenewa ndi omwe amathandizira mbalame za zinziri kuti zizipezeka chakudya ndi kuswana.

Chaka chilichonse, zinziri zambiri zimafa ndikudya msipu ndi makina opanga mafakitale. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasiya kuyikira mazira pomwe zochitika za anthu ziyamba kumunda. Vutoli ndikuti gawo logwira pantchito yolima imagwera ndendende nthawi yomwe mbalame zimasanjidwa.

Kodi munthu amatani kuti atetezere zachilengedwe? Pofuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinziri, njira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimachitika. Monga machitidwe awonetsera, yankho lothandiza kwambiri ndikupanga njira zolerera mbalame zazing'ono m'malo osungira ndi mafamu apadera.

Mtengo wachuma

Masiku ano, zinziri zimayamba kukhala nkhuku. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nkhokwe zachilengedwe monga mbalame kumawonedwa ku United States. Chifukwa choti zinziri ndizosankhika posankha chakudya, komanso m'malo okhala komanso momwe zimakhalira, zimatha kubereka mwachangu ndende.

Ndizofunika kudziwa kuti zinziri zomwe zapezeka kale zasintha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu amtchire. Choyamba, izi zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa mazira, pomwe unyinji wawo wafika pafupifupi 45%. Kuphatikiza apo, zinziri za m'nyumba, monga zosafunikira, zidalephera kuuluka. Mwa mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa m malo a mafamu ndi ziweto zapanyumba, kuchepa kwa zikhalidwe za mbalame, kuswa mazira, ndi chisamaliro chotsatira cha ana zimadziwika.

Masiku ano, mazira a zinziri amatha kuwoneka pafupi shopu iliyonse. Ntchito zopangira mbalamezi zimawoneka zabwino kwambiri, ndizopindulitsa. Monga lamulo, nkhuku za zinziri zimasungidwa kwa chaka ndi theka. Mtsogolomo, zimatulutsa mazira ochepa ndipo ndizoyenera nyama zokha. Muukapolo, zinziri sizikhala motalika. Kukalamba kwenikweni kwa mbalame zotere kumawerengedwa kuti ndi pafupifupi zaka 4-5.

Kusaka kwa Quail

M'masiku akale, usodzi wa zinziri unkachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kusaka kunayamba dzuwa litalowa. Zitsamba zimafalikira udzu. Mlenjeyo anali chapafupi, ndikupanga mawu kutengera kulira kwa mbalame pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chapadera. Pamene zinziri za nyambo zitayandikira msampha, nthawi yomweyo zinapinda muukonde.

Masiku ano, nthumwi za mitunduyi zimakonda kusakidwa ndi mfuti ndi agalu. Kutalika kwa usodzi kumachitika munthawi yomwe mbalame zimasamuka nthawi zina. Kusaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito maukonde masiku ano kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pali chilolezo choyenera chochokera kwa oyang'anira zachilengedwe. Pamenepa, amuna okha ndi omwe amagwidwa, omwe amadyetsedwa ndikuperekedwa ku mabungwe ogulitsa. Kuti asunge zinziri kuthengo, zazikazi zomwe zikugwidwa mu ukonde zimamasulidwa.

Zomwe mungasunge kunyumba

Kubala zinziri ndi ntchito yosavuta. Mbalamezi ndizoweta bwino komanso ndizodziwika, monga nkhuku. Zitha kusungidwa m'mathala komanso m'makhola, momwe mumatha kukhala mbalame 4-5. Zoyipa ndi mitengo yake sizichita bungwe. Akapolo, akazi amaikira mazira mwachindunji pamtunda ndi dothi louma.

Malo a Quail ali ndi mbale zomwera ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pama grates kuchokera kunja.Malo otetezedwa kapena khola amayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda, chowuma, momwe kuwala kochepa kumakhalabe tsiku lonse. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kutulutsa zinziri poyera, chifukwa izi zimawadzetsa chisangalalo ndikulimbana ndi abale.

Kubadwira oimira mitundu ali mu ukapolo kumatheka pokhapokha mazira. Kupatula apo, akazi obadwira samva kufunika kopaka ana. Abusa nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira zinziri kuti nkhuku. Komabe, pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kuti aphwanyidwa.

Zinziri zimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi njere. Zakudya za barele, burwheat, mapira, ndi oatmeal zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbalame zotere zimamva kufunikira kwa chakudya chama protein ambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga nyama yokhala ndi minced, nsomba zozama, tchizi. Zinzirizo zimapatsidwanso nthangala, kaloti, kabichi. Mazira tsiku ndi tsiku amaperekedwa ndi mazira, miyala ing'onoing'ono.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuwonera, zinziri wamba ndizosangalatsa, zachilendo. Osati kale kwambiri, mbalamezi zimatha kuwoneka pena paliponse kuthengo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinziri ndizochulukirapo masiku ano. Nyanja ndi mbalame zobisika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuphunzira za moyo wawo komanso zizolowezi zawo kuti ateteze mitunduyi ndi ntchito yovuta.

Momwe a Quail amakhala ndi komwe a Quail amakhala

Mtundu "zinziri wamba" ndi zinziri zamtchire, mbalame zomwe zimagawidwa kwambiri m'maiko a CIS, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Transbaikalia. Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri - yaying'ono kwambiri pabanja la nkhuku. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu m'modzi kumasiyana pakati pa 100-150 g. Mtundu wa mbalamezi umakhala wokongola, wamtambo wonyezimira komanso wamtambo wakuda.

Mbali yakumwambayo ya penti imakhala utoto wonyezimira, ngakhale kuti mawanga owoneka bwino ndi malo akuda amapezeka apa. Korona ndi wakuda kwambiri ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wa bulauni, ndipo timabowo tosiyanasiyana timadutsa mutu. Khosi, masaya ndi chibwano cha zinzirizo zimapaka utoto wakuda, koma mwa akazi a mbalamezi, zinziri, malo awa ndi opepuka kwambiri. Chokwera amuna amuna ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri, pomwe zinziri sizimawoneka bwino (chifukwa akazi samafunikira mtundu wowala, wosiyana ndi amuna).

Mimba ya mbalamezo ndiyopepuka; matanga akuda, oyera ndi bulawuni amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Kupaka utoto thupi kumawathandiza kudzikongoletsa mokhazikika - ndizovuta kwambiri kuti maliseche asaone komwe mbalameyo yabisalira, popeza zimalumikizana kwathunthu ndi nthaka.

Utoto wa maso a izi zowoneka ndi khungu, pamutu pawo ndi mulomo wawung'ono wofiirira (komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi mlomo wowala amapezekanso). Mapiko awo ndi aatali komanso akuluakulu, koma mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri. Tizilombo tatsamba tatifupi, koma titatalikirana kwambiri, komwe timaloleza kuyenda pansi, kuthawa nyama zolusa ndi osaka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu za mbalamezi - sizimakonda kuwuluka mumlengalenga ndikukhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse, kuthamanga pansi.

Khalidwe

Ngakhale mbalameyi ndi mbalame yosamukasamuka, ngati imakhala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, imakhalabe yozizira pamenepo. Ngati malo okhala ozizira amasankhidwa kukhala malo okhala zinzirizo, amawulukira nyengo yachisanu yozizira. Sanganyamuke kwambiri, motero amakhala pafupi ndi pansi nthawi ya ndege.

Chifukwa cha izi, pakuwuluka panyanja nthawi yosamukira, mbalame zambiri zimafa - mkuntho kapena mphepo yamphamvu ndizokwanira kuwatsogolera. Zikatero, mbalame zambiri zotopa zimangolowa munyanja. Ndipo akafika kumtunda, kwakanthawi amangokhala pagombe, kupumula pambuyo pothawa, kenako nkubalalika pofunafuna pobisalira.

Nthawi yakukhwima kwa mbalamezi imayamba kumapeto kwa kasupe, chifukwa chake kale mu Meyi-Juni, abambo amachita chilichonse chotheka kukopa chidwi cha oimira omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakonzera ndewu zachiwawa kuti akhale ndi mkazi. Ndizoyenera kunena kuti mabanja osatha sakhala awo, choncho zinziri zimatha kusankha amuna angapo pa ana.

Zoyimira zamtunduwu zili pansi, zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zamiyala ndikugwirizana ndi zitsamba zowuma. Clutch imodzi imatha kukhala ndi mazira 20 a bulauni okhala ndi mawanga akuda. Pafupifupi masiku 15-20, zazikazi zimasaka mazira, ndipo pambuyo pake zimasamalira anapiye. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali polera ana awo, ndipo anapiyewo amasiya chisa chawo, osadalira (zimatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi).

Mbalamezi zimadyera makamaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nyongolotsi, koma akuluakulu akamakula, zakudya zam'mera zambiri zomwe zimawoneka m'zakudya zawo, amatha kudya zipatso.

Habitat

Zinziri zodziwika bwino zachilengedwe zimapezeka kumadera a North ndi South Africa, ndipo zili ponseponse ku Europe. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ku South Africa ndi Madagascar zomwe zimakhala mwamtendere kwawo kwazaka zonse, ena onse amasamukira nyengo yachisanu.

Kudera la maiko a CIS, mitunduyi ilinso yofala, chifukwa chake ndi mbalame izi zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kusaka mbalame. Ngakhale izi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbalame, zimatha kusamalira kuchuluka kwawo.

Zinziri zodziwika bwino: zomwe amakonda, zomwe amadya, komwe amakhala

Zinziri zamtchire ndi za genus pheasant. Kulemera kwake nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 150. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi masentimita 20. Ndi chifuwa chaching'ono kwambiri cha nkhuku. Nthenga zimapakidwa utoto. Mbali yam'mwamba ya mapiko ndi mutu, komanso kumbuyo ndi dera pamwamba mchira, ladzala ndi mawanga azithunzi zosiyanasiyana, zakuda komanso zopepuka. Koma chilengedwe chimatenga gawo lotere mu zinziri pazifukwa. Uku ndikubisa kopambana komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wobisala kwa adani.

Zojambula zina za mbalame

Ngati zinziri zibisika padziko lapansi, sizingatheke kuzizindikira. Mbali yam'mimba yake ndi mthunzi wopepuka. Mtundu wa khosi amuna umakhala wakuda, ndipo mwa akazi umayera. Quail nthawi zina imakhala ndi mawanga pachifuwa.

Mbalame zimagawidwa ngati nkhuku. Sizosiyana ndi nthumwi zina za gulu la mbalamezi. Zimaonekera pokhapokha chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso mtundu wake. Pazonse, pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya zinziri zamtchire.

Zinziri zodziwika bwino zimatengedwa ngati woimira gulu lino. Amakhala kudera la Eurasia, kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Zinapezeka pachilumba cha Madagascar..

Panthawi ya USSR, kum'mwera kwa dzikolo adalinganiza zamasewera ndikuwedza mbalamezi. Izi zidapangitsa kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa zinziri, makamaka kudera lankhondo. Malo a meadows adachepetsedwa, omwe adakhudzanso chiwerengero chawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zinali m'malo awa, omwe adagawidwira malo ampira ndi msipu, zomwe mbalame zimakonda kubereka. Kuchulukitsa kwa zida zam'madera awa kunachititsanso kuti owerengeka angapo amwalira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti tirigu nthawi zambiri amafesedwa m'matanthwe, m'nkhalangozi pomwe ankakonda kupangira zisa zawo zinziri.

Mitundu ya zinziri zoyalidwa sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi mitundu yamtchire. Mwinanso amakhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Zochita ndi moyo

Anthu okhala ku Quail kumayiko otentha nthawi zambiri samachoka m'nyumba zawo. Mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala m'malo ozizira imawuluka chaka chilichonse kumwera. Mbalameyo siyikhala ndi mwayi wothawa. Ngakhale atazindikiridwa ndi zilombo, amakonda. Kuthamangira kumwamba, kokhala ndi ulusi sikukwera kwambiri. Pakuuluka, nthawi zambiri imapiza mapiko ake. Zinzizi zimatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala pachikuto chomera udzu. Izi zimasiya chizindikiritso cha mbalame komanso mawonekedwe ake akunja.

Grass imateteza bwino kwambiri kwa adani athu. Ndiye chifukwa chake zinziri sizimakonda kusiya nyumba zawo ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa. Simudzawonanso mbalamezi zikukhala pamitengo. Kulemera kwakukulu komwe amakhala nako nthawi yayitali. Munthawi imeneyi, amakonda kusonkhana malo omwe angayambire ulendo wawo munthawi yotentha. Mbalame zosamukira zimapita nyengo yozizira ku South Asia ndi mayiko aku Africa.

Panali nthawi yomwe zinziri zinali zazing'ono zamtundu wa nyimbo. Koma kuyimba kokongola kumapezeka mwa amuna okhaokha. Palibe amene angatchule nyimbo zosangalatsa zosindikizidwa ndi akazi. Kamodzi kuyimba zinziri kunali bwino kwambiri m'chigawo cha Kursk.

Kuyesera kupha zinzirizo kunalembedwa koyamba mu Japan wakale. Apa adayamikiridwa chifukwa cha nyama ndi mazira okoma. Zidakhazikitsidwa kuti zizikongoletsa. Ku USSR, zinziri zinabwera m'zaka za 60 za XX. Mbalameyo nthawi yomweyo idayamba kuyenda bwino, chifukwa chake imatha kuwonekera pagawo la anthu wamba.

Poyerekeza ndi abale akumtchire, nkhuku zamtunduwu zatsala pang'ono kutheratu kuuluka. Chidakwa chawo chaulendo wozizira chimafotokozedwanso mofooka.

Quail nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa mu ulimi kuti ipeze mazira. Mbalame izi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo sizokoma kwenikweni. Pazomwe zili zinzirizi sizikupanga chilichonse. Iwo pafupifupi samadwala ndipo amamva bwino ngakhale pang'ono.

Mazira a Quail ndi amtengo wapatali chifukwa chokhala ndi mavitamini komanso zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa. Zimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Quail imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi. Pazifukwa izi, ndizosowa kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina. Metabolism yabwino imathandizanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Safuna katemera. Ma qaba atha kugulika pa intaneti komanso pamafamu apadera a nkhuku. Ubwino wambiri ungapezeke pakuwasunga kuti mupeze mazira.

Nyama ya Quail ndiyabwino kwambiri. Mutha kuyamba kuswana mbalameyi ndi kugula kwa osayenera ndi mabokosi osungira nyama zazing'ono. Mtengo wa kopi imodzi umatengera zaka. Ma chamba amatenga ma ruble 50. ma pcs, pomwe akulu ndiofunika kuyika ma ruble 150.

Nthawi ina ku Central Asia, mbalamezi zidawerengedwa kuti zizichita ndewu zochititsa chidwi. Zinachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa. Opanga nawo mbali anawombera aliyense payekhapayekha. Eni ake nthawi zambiri ankangolimbana ndi zinzirizo ndipo amazisunga pachifuwa pawo ndipo amazizindikira kuti apeze ndalama.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Kuti adzipeze chakudya, mbalame ya chinziri imakanda pansi ndi miyendo yake ndikuyiyendetsa kumbali. Poyesa kuyankha funso la zomwe zinzizi zimadya, nkofunika kunena kuti zambiri zomwe zimadyetsa zimakhala ndi chakudya chanyama. Mbalame zimakonda kudya mbozi ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nyongolotsi, ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Akamakula, amakhala akusinthana kubzala chakudya, chomwe ndi:

• mbewu
• mbewu
• mphukira kapena masamba a zitsamba ndi mitengo.

Izi zikuyenera kuganiziridwa ndi anthu omwe akufuna kubereka zinziri. Paubwana, mbalame nthawi zonse zimapatsidwa chakudya chochuluka cha nyama. Kuchuluka kwa zomera pazomera pang'onopang'ono kukukulira.

Nthochi zimakula ndikukula msanga. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezera pazinthu wamba, zakudya zawo ziziphatikiza mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi mankhwala ena opindulitsa. Osangogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamitundu mitundu. Kuphatikiza kophatikiza ndikokwanira ngati kumasankhidwa molondola. M'malo mwake ikhoza kukhala:

• tirigu wosweka
• mpendadzuwa,
• nyama ndi nsomba,
• masamba ophika,
• soya.

Njira zosaka za Quail

Njira yoyamba imaphatikizapo kusaka m'malo omwe mbalame zimapanga zisa zawo. Pankhaniyi, agalu osaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe, poyang'ana fungo, amafufuza mbalame zomwe sizikuzizwa. Zinziri zoopsa zikauluka mlengalenga, nthawi yomweyo zimasaka mlenje. Mwambowu ukakonzedwa m'malo omwe muli mbalame zambiri, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wopeza mbalame zingapo.

Njira ina ikuphatikizira kuwombera pagombe asananyamuke zinziri zakuthengo m'malo otentha. Ntchito pagawo locheperako imathandizira njirayi, chifukwa mbalame zochuluka zimalimbikitsidwa pano. Kuwamenya kuchokera mfuti ndikosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala ndi galu wophunzitsidwa bwino. Chifukwa chaichi, spaniel ndiyabwino kwambiri. Galu adzafunafuna masewerawo, kenako ndikubweretsa mbalame ija yakugwa kwa mwiniwake. Nthawi zina, osaka akuwonetsa kuti palokha kubisa kwa zinziri, ndiye kulakwa. Izi ndichifukwa chakupezeka kwamasewera ambiri.

Partridge ndi zinziri: zosiyana

Quail ili ngati phala. Onsewa mbalame amafuna chakudya pansi ndipo amakonda kusambira fumbi. Amaperekanso zisa pamodzimodzi. Partridge amayimira kukula kwake. Thupi lake limakhala lowala:

• pa chifuwa pali phulusa la imvi lofiirira,
• malo amdima amatha kuwoneka pamimba.

Zimakhala zosatheka kuwona mbalame ikabisala chisa. Maphukusi amphaka amabatani kuti azikhala pawokha. Maonekedwe, amafanana ndi nkhuku. Kwa nthawi yayitali sakhala ndi makolo awo, amachoka "kunyumba ya abambo" nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati nthawi yozizira zinzirizo zimawulukira kumwera, timagulu totsalira timakhala. Chisanu choyamba chikangogwa, mbalamezi zimakhazikika pafupi ndi munthuyo. Amatola chakudya mumisewu. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka ngakhale pabwalo la nkhuku komanso pafupi ndi ng'ombe..

Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame za zinziri

Zinziri zamtchire ndi za banja la pheasant, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaposa 100-150 magalamu, zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndipo ndizochepa kwambiri nkhuku. Nthenga za zinziri zimabatizidwa mu utoto wamafuta.

Pamwamba pamutu ndi mapiko, kumbuyo ndi torso ndizodzaza ndimdima komanso kuwala, mawanga a bulauni ndi mikwingwirima, monga tikuwonera chithunzi cha mbalame. Quail utoto woterewu umakhala chobisalira bwino kwambiri.

Ndipo zinziri zikagona pansi, zimavuta kuzizindikira. M'mimba mwa mbalameyo mumakhala mtundu wowala. Quail ndi zinziri Amasiyana pakhungu la pakhosi, chifukwa muimuna mumakhala bulauni komanso mumdzu, pomwe akazi ndi oyera, ndipo zinziri zimakhalanso ndi mawanga pachifuwa.

Mbalamezi ndi gulu la nkhuku, ndipo matupi ake ndi osiyana ndi nkhuku, kokha kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Zakutchire zinziri – mbalame zamtundukuwerenga pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi inayi.

Pa chithunzichi, zinziri zimadzigoneka zokha mu udzu.

Chodziwika kwambiri mwaiwo ndi zinziri wamba. Malo okhala mbalame ndi ochulukirachulukira ndipo akuphatikiza ku Eurasia, Kumpoto ndi South Africa komanso chilumba cha Madagascar. Nthawi yomweyo, kumwera kwa dziko lomwe kale linali USSR, mbalameyi idakhala chinthu chosangalatsa komanso masewera, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri zinziri, makamaka kudera lamapiri.

Mbonizi zimadzivutikanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo a madera omwe amakonzera msipu ndi malo osungira udzu, momwe mbalame zimakonda kubereka. Ambiri a zinziri adamwalira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zida zokolola m'maderawa, chifukwa udzu utali ndi mkate ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri, kusanjana ndi kuswana kwa mbalamezi. Nkhuku za Quail kunja kwenikweni sikufanana ndi kuthengo, kumangokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame ya zinziri

Mbalame ya Quail m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri samachoka komwe amakhala, koma kumawombera kumwera kuchokera kumadera ozizira chaka chilichonse. Mbalameyi siitha kuyenda pandege zokongola komanso zazitali, komanso imathawa kwa adani.

Ikuthamangira kumwamba, mbalameyo imatha kukwera pamwamba kwambiri ndikuuluka pamwamba, ndikukupiza mapiko ake nthawi zambiri. Chimbudzi chimakhala moyo wawo wonse padziko lapansi, pakati pa udzu wandiweyani, womwe umasiyiratu mawonekedwe ndi mbalame.

Grass imateteza zinziri kwa adani, ndipo ichi ndi chivundikiro chodalirika chomwe amaopa kuchisiya ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.Amakonda kukokerana pafupi ndi nthaka, zinzirizo sizikhala pamitengo. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbalame zikulemera kwambiri ndipo zikupita kumalo achisanu kumayiko a South Asia ndi Africa.

M'mbuyomu, zinziri zinali zamtengo wapatali ngati zovala za nyimbo. Koma kuyimba kwenikweni kumangotchedwa mawu a amuna okhaokha, komwe kumakondweretsa khutu lozama. Akazi amapanga nyimbo ngati nyimbo zosangalatsa. Kutulutsa kwa mbalame za zinziri wotchuka kwambiri panthawiyo m'chigawo cha Kursk.

Ma Quail anali atakhala ku Japan wakale, komwe ankawagwiritsa ntchito kupangira nyama ndi mazira, komanso ankawaba ngati mbalame zokongoletsera. Ku USSR, mbalame zidangoyambitsidwa kokha mu 60s ya zaka zapitazi, pomwe zinayamba kubereka m'minda yambiri.

Nkhuku zamtunduwu, mosiyana ndi abale awo akuthengo, pafupifupi zidalephera kuuluka, komanso kufunitsitsa kwawo kwa ndege zoyenda nthawi yachisanu komanso chibadwa cha mbalame. Samakola ngakhale anapiye awoawo.

Quail nthawi zambiri imabisidwa mu ulimi kuti ikapeze mazira. Siopanda chidwi kwenikweni komanso alibe mtima wofatsa. Kukonza kwawo sikutanthauza chilichonse chapadera. Amatha kubereka ngakhale m'maselo ang'onoang'ono, ochepa komanso osadwala.

Mu chithunzi zinayi mazira

Mazira a Quail amatengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Ndipo zimatha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi, ndichifukwa chake zimadwala kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kake kwambiri, ndipo sizikufunika katemera.

Gulani mbalame za zinziri ndizotheka kumafamu a nkhuku komanso kudzera pa intaneti. Kubala mbalame zamtunduwu ndizopindulitsa osati kungopeza mazira.

Nyama ndiyabwino kwambiri mbalame zinziri. Gulani pamsika kapena m'malo ogulitsira mungathenso kusaka ndodo zapadera ndi mabokosi osungira nyama zazing'ono. Mtengo wa mbalame ya zinziri zimatengera zaka. Ma buluku amalipira ndalama zokwana ma ruble 50, ndipo achikulire ochokera kuma ruble 150 kapena kupitilira apo.

Ku Central Asia, nthawi ina mbalame zinalengedwa kuti zimenyane ndi zinziri zochititsa chidwi, pomwe anthu omwe anali ndi tchire anali kubetchera ndipo ankapangira tija. Eni ake nthawi zambiri ankakonda kuvala zinzirizo pachifuwa ndipo ankawakonda kwambiri.

Zakudya za mbalame za Quail

Kuti zidyetse, zinziri zimakhazikika ndi kumwaza pansi ndi mapazi ake, ngati kuti zikusamba m'fumbi kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi. Chakudya cha anthu payekha chimakhala ndi chakudya chochokera ku nyama.

Mbalame zimapeza ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, nyongolotsi, mbozi ndi tizilombo. Ndi zaka, mbalame zimatha kudya zakudya zam'mera, monga mbewu ndi mbewu, mphukira, masamba ndi zitsamba.

Izi zimatengedwa ndi iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi zinziri. Kwa mbalame adakali aang'ono amapereka chakudya chochuluka cha nyama, ndipo akamakula amaphatikiza zakudya zamasamba m'zakudya.

Anapiye amphutsi amakula ndikukula mwachangu, chifukwa chake ukasungidwa kunyumba, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, michere ndi mavitamini ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya chawo.

Kudyetsa zinziri sikutanthauza kuti mugwiritse ntchito zinthu zachilendo kapena zosowa zina. Muli chakudya chamtengo wokwanira. Mbewu yophika, masamba ophika, nyama ndi nsomba, soya ndi mpendadzuwa nawonso ndi angwiro.

Zinziri zotchuka - kufotokozera, malo okhala

Nthawi zingapo kusaka zinziri kunali kotchuka kwambiri kwa olemekezeka. Kugwira mbalame yaying'ono yotereyi kunali kovuta, koma kunali kosangalatsa. Kodi tikudziwa chiyani za mbalame yaying'onoyi yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zamtchire komanso undende?

Mtunduwu ndi zinziri wamba - mbalame yokhala pagulu la nkhuku, banja la phala. Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako - banja la nkhuku limatengedwa kuti laling'ono kwambiri.

• Kulemera - kuchokera 100 mpaka 150 magalamu.
• Thupi limakhala ndi kutalika kwa 16 mpaka 20 cm.
• Mapiko okongola otambalala kuyambira 32 mpaka 35 cm.
• Chaching'ono kwambiri, mchira wosawerengeka.

Ziwonetsero za zinziri ndi zamtundu wachilendo wokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino komanso amtambo wakuda pamwamba pa thupi. Nthawi zina pamatha kupezeka mawanga akuda ndi zotupa za mithunzi ya ocher. Korona wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira, wamiyendo ing'onoitali ya utoto wakuda.

Madera pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi m'masaya amphongo ndimdima wakuda kuposa wa akazi. Komanso, tsekwe la zinziri zazimuna ndizowwala kwambiri - zowoneka bwino kwambiri kuti zizitha kukopa chidwi cha akazi nthawi yakukhwima.

Mimba ndiyopepuka kuposa msana, ndimatamba akuda, a bulauni komanso oyera. Mtunduwu umafunikira zolinga zobisika komanso zimathandiza kuti mbalame zizipulumuka - zimalumikizana ndi mawonekedwe apadziko lapansi ndikuwoneka kuti sizingaoneke kwa adani ndi asaka olusa.

Mtundu wa iris ndi wa bulauni, mulomo ndi wocheperako, wodera (nthawi zina wopepuka). Mawonekedwe afupiafupi, koma otambalala, amakulolani kuti musunthe mwachangu pansi, kuthawa adani ndi kuthawa osaka.

Nesting ndi kuswana

Zingwe zimamangidwa, monga lamulo, paminda ya kusefukira kwa madzi kapena malo okuta patali ndi udzu utaliatali wobisala kwa maso amtengo, kapena mbalame zimamangidwa m'nkhalango zazitali. Nthambi zazing'ono zimapita kukamanga, pansi kumakutidwa ndi udzu wouma wa chaka chatha ndi nthenga zake zomwe. Amayikidwa nthawi kuyambira 8 mpaka 15, nthawi zina mazira 20. Kumaswa kumatenga masiku 15-20. Wamphongo panthawiyi amakhala akusakasaka ndi kutumiza chakudya, amateteza chisa, osalola kuti anthu akunja, nthawi zina azilankhula ndi nkhuku.

Anapiye oswedwa amabadwa ndi ubweya wakuda ndipo, atatha kuuma, amayi atangochoka chisa. Achichepere akudzifunafuna okha. Kukhazikika kwa achichepere ndi zinziri zofanana mu mtundu ndi udzu momwe zimabisalira bwino kwa adani. Pa tsiku la makumi awiri la moyo, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka.

Pakatha masiku 50-55, amakula mpaka kukula ngati mbalame zazikulu, atatha masiku 70 akutha, ndipo amayamba kudzikonzera okha, kupanga awiriawiri ndikumanga zisa.

M'milungu yoyamba ya moyo, anapiye a zinziri amadya nyama - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nyongolotsi, mbozi ndi zina zamtundu wina zomwe makolo awo amapeza pokumba pansi ndikuziwulula. Pambuyo pake, mapuloteni a masamba amawonjezeredwa ndi chakudya cha mapuloteni - maluwa, nthambi zamasamba, zipatso ndi masamba amatulidwa kuthengo kapena kutola pansi. Koma maziko azakudya ndi mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi chimanga.

About mazira zinziri

Mazira a Quail amaonedwa kuti ndi zakudya, amafunika kuti ana azitha kulimbitsa thupi mwachangu, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala atachitidwa opaleshoni. Mwambiri, zimangokhala zokoma. Katundu wawo wopindulitsa wakhala akudziwika kuyambira kale.

Mazira a quail, monga mazira a nkhuku, amawiritsa, amawotchera ndi kuphika. Mosiyana ndi nkhuku, zinziri sizimadwala salmonellosis, chifukwa chake ma testes ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yaiwisi. Muli zinthu zambiri zothandiza

Chogulitsachi chimakhala ndi mtundu wambiri wa lysozyme, womwe umalepheretsa kutuluka kwa microflora yoyipa, chifukwa chake, firiji yosungirako sifunikira. Mazira amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka masiku 60.

Zinthu zothandiza zopezeka mazira zinziri:

• Mavitamini a magulu A, B, PP.
• Tsatani zinthu ndi macronutrients (chitsulo, mkuwa, calcium yambiri, phosphorous).
• Ma acino ofunikira omwe amagwira ntchito pakhungu.

Mazira a Quail ndi abwino chifukwa alibe zolakwika kuti agwiritse ntchito, samayambitsa chifuwa chilichonse ndipo ndi oyenera kwa ana aang'ono. Mwana akazidya, ntchito yake yam'maganizo imakhala yabwinoko, kukumbukira kwake, mantha ake amakhala olimba, amakhazikika. Ana aku sukulu aku Japan amadya mazira angapo m'mawa uliwonse kalasi isanayambe. Madokotala amalembera izi kwa ana obwezeretsedwa ndi kuchepa kwakula.

Izi zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti zilimbikitse minofu ya mafupa ndi mano a amayi oyembekezera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zinziri za zinziri zimamanga ndikuchotsa radionuclides. Izi ndizofunikira kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zowulutsa ma radio ndi omwe akuyesera kulimbana ndi khansa pogwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bwino kuwonjezera potency mwa amuna

Bulu lamazira lodzaza limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylaxis yamatsotso, yokhala ndi mafupa osokonekera okalamba a mafupa ndi vuto la hypocalcemia. Mazira a Quail amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazodzikongoletsera - masks a thupi ndi nkhope amapangidwa, masks a tsitsi ovuta amapangidwa.

Kusamalira ndi kusunga ukapolo

Zinzirizo zinali zoyambirira kubadwa ndi Achijapani m'zaka za zana la 15. Ndipo tsopano mu ukapolo muli ambiri a mbalamezi. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pantchito zaulimi, zinziri zimakhazikitsidwa ndikufa, chifukwa chake, zipatala zapadera zapangidwa komwe zimakulirakulira ndikuzimasulidwa. Anthu ambiri okhala pachilimwe komanso okhala m'mudzimo amakhalanso ndi mbalamezi pandekha. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu zoberekera zinziri ndi mazira ndi nyama. Ena mwa iwo amadyedwa, ena akungotsatira kumene. Ndizopindulitsa kwambiri komanso zopindulitsa kwambiri kukhala ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mazira (osakwana chaka chimodzi), chifukwa zimatha kuyikira mazira 300 olemera kuyambira magalamu 9 mpaka 13 pachaka.

Kusunga zinziri ndizosavuta, muyenera kungoganizira zinthu zazing'ono.

1. Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa m'chipindacho kuchokera madigiri 10, kuti mbalamezi zisamayimire.
2. Kuwala komwe kukuwongolera ndege sikuyenera kukhala kowala kwambiri ndikuwotcha kwa maola osachepera 15-16.
3. Ndondomeko yodyetsa yosasintha iyenera kusamalidwa. Wonenepa, komanso njala, munthu aliyense sangatenge zolakwika, kapena ayi.
4. Ndikofunika kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chambiri - osachepera 50 peresenti. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mbiya ndi malo osambira ndi madzi.

Kugawa m'magulu ndi nyama kunyumba zinziri sichiri. Chaka choyamba cha moyo, amathamangira, kenako ndikudya nyama. Pa mayiwe a nkhuku, amuna samafunikira, zazikazi zimathamanga popanda izo. Ndipo ngati cholinga ndi kubereketsa mbalameyo kuti ikhale nyama, ndiye kuti yamphongo ndiyofunika kuti mawonekedwe a zinzirizo akuwoneke.