Museru catfish kapena Aguaruna, dzina lasayansi Aguarunichthys torosus, ndi wa banja la Pimelodidae (Pimelodovye kapena Flat-cat catfish). Dzinalo lachiwiri la mtunduwu limaperekedwa polemekeza fuko la amwenye omwe amakhala m'nkhalango ya Peru pa mtsinje wa Maranion, pomwe ofufuza adapeza koyamba nsomba yamatchiyi. Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zodya nyama, zimakhala zosavuta kuyang'anira zinthu zingapo, komabe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba am'madzi.
Habitat
Chimayambira ku South America kuchokera ku chigwa cha Maranion River m'chigwa chapamwamba cha Amazon, chomwe chimayenda makamaka ku Peru ndi Ecuador. Imakhala m'mabotolo osiyanasiyana - mitsinje yachangu yomwe imayenda kuchokera kumapiri, ndimadziwe amadzi osefukira ndi madzi am'mphepete mwa bedi lalikulu la mtsinje.
Zambiri:
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Predator, chilengedwe chimadya nsomba zina. Mu aquariums mumatha kusintha zinthu zina. Mutha kudya zakudya zapadera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nyongolotsi, nyama ya shirimpu, nsapato, nsapato zoyera. Dyetsani katatu pa sabata.
Kukula kwakulu kwamadzi amodzi mwa nsomba imodzi kumayambira 500 malita. Kapangidwe kazisamala kwambiri kuti musunge nsomba yam'mimba, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka malo aufulu ambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire madzi ambiri pamitundu yovomerezeka ya kutentha ndi magawo a hydrochemical. Kudzikundana kwa zinyalala zopezeka organic (zotsalira za chakudya ndi zimbudzi), zomwe, chifukwa cha zomwe zimadya, zimadetsa madzi mwamphamvu kwambiri, siziyenera kuloledwa. Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso kusamalidwa kwachilengedwe mkati mwa aquarium zimatengera kuwonekera kwa kayendetsedwe kazomwe zimayang'anira ndikusamalira kwake kosalala kwa zida, makamaka kachitidwe ka kusefa.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Osawoneka ochezeka kwambiri, mikhalidwe yakusowa kwa malo iyamba kupikisanirana ndi abale ndi nsomba zina zazikulu zakumunda ndi chakudya. Malo ocheperako, omwewo amawonjezeranso khalidweli. Nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse zimagwiriridwa, choncho siziyenera kuyikidwa kunja.
Matenda a nsomba
Matenda ambiri amayamba chifukwa chomangidwa. Kukhala malo okhazikika ndi kiyi yachitetezo chokwanira. Pakakhala zizindikiro za matendawa, choyambirira, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa madziwo ndipo, ngati zapezeka zovuta, tengani njira zowongolera. Ngati zizindikiro zikulimbikira kapena kuipiraipira, mankhwala adzafunika. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Banja la "Flat-head catfish" limaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, banjali limasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ndevu 6 zachikhalidwe. Mapewa amodzi amapezeka pa nsagwada yapamwamba, ndipo awiriawiri ali m'dera la chin.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Mphaka wamtundu wamtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa imvi, pomwe mawonekedwe owonda mu mawonekedwe a madontho akuda amabalalika thupi lonse, ndipo pansi pa dorsal ndi gawo la zipsepse za pectoral ndi ventral mutha kuwona gulu lowala bwino.
Anthu akuluakulu amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 35 cm.Pakuti nsomba za banja ili zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa lalikulu ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, lonse lonse. Amakhulupirira kuti maso ali ndi kukula kwakukulu.
Thupi la aguaruna limakhala lalitali, limodzi ndi ziphuphu zamkati motalika kwambiri komanso lokwanira, ndipo lachiwiri komanso lalitali mokwanira, lokhala ndi ma ray ofewa a 6-7. Zipsepse zamakutu ndizotakata kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Zipsepse zamkati ndizocheperako pang'ono kuposa zipsepse zamakutu. Mafuta ndi ma anal sakhala motalika, ndipo ndalama za caudal zimasiyana kwambiri.
Malo okhala zachilengedwe
Ndizovomerezeka kuti dziko lokhala ndi nsomba zamkati ndi South America, komanso zigwa za Maranion ndi Amazon, zomwe zimayenda kudera la Peru ndi Ecuador.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Mtundu wa "Aguarunichthys torosus" umakonda kukhala moyo wachisangalalo, ndipo oimira ambiri amtunduwu amakhala okhudzana ndi mitundu ina, chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuziisunga m'malo am'madzi momwe muli mitundu ina ya nsomba.
Mphaka wokhala ndi mchenga wamtambo amapezeka m'matupi amadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mitsinje yothamanga kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mafakitale omwe ali pafupi ndi njira yayikulu, ndi zina.
Kwa nsomba iyi, ndikofunikira kuti malo okhala ndi pafupi kwambiri zachilengedwe. Izi zitha kuchitika pokonza ma aquariums nthawi zonse komanso kachitidwe kokhazikika komanso kodalirika ka kusefera kwamadzi ndi kayendedwe ka madzi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zokhala m'madzi
Kuti mumve bwino ndi nsomba imodzi, mudzafunika malita 500 osachepera. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti madzi akwaniritse zofunikira zonse, pakupanga komanso kutentha. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kutentha kwamadzi mu aquarium kumakhalabe madigiri 22-27.
- Zizindikiro za Acidity - kuyambira 5.8 mpaka 7.2 pH.
- Zizindikiro zakuuma - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 15 dH.
- Nthaka ikhoza kukhala yamtundu uliwonse.
- Kuwala kwa chiyambi chilichonse.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka madzi ofooka komanso ochepa.
Nthawi yomweyo, zinyalala za organic siziyenera kuloledwa kudziunjikira mu aquarium, mawonekedwe a chimbudzi kapena chotsalira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe am'munsi mwa chakudya, madzi mu aquarium amasintha msanga.
Habitat, malo okhala
Malo omwe amachokera kupha nsomba zam'madzi amadziwika kuti ndi South America, chigwa cha Maranion ndi chigwa chapamwamba cha Amazon, chomwe chimayendera makamaka ku Peru ndi Ecuador.
Ndizosangalatsa! Aguaruniсhthys torosus ndi nsomba yomwe imatsogolera nthawi yayitali usiku, ndipo oimira ambiri amtunduwu ndiwankhanza komanso osagwira ntchito konse ndi ena oimira nyama zam'nyanja.
Nsomba za banja la Flathead Catfish zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, yoimiridwa ndi mitsinje yachangu yomwe imayenda kuchokera kumapiri, nyanja zamadzi osefukira ndi mitsinje yam'mphepete mwa msewu waukulu.
Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa
Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso kusamalidwa kwachilengedwe mkati mwa aquarium zimadalira pafupipafupi momwe zimakhazikikidwira kayendedwe kake, komanso kagwiritsidwe kolondola komanso kosasunthika kazida, makamaka kachitidwe kosefera madzi.
Kukonzekera kwa Aquarium
Kukula kwakulu kwamadzi omwe asungidwa kuti asungire catfish imodzi ndi malita 500-550. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti madzi am'madzi am'madzi ambiri amawombera madzi molingana ndi mtundu wa kutentha ndi magawo oyenera a hydrochemical:
- Zizindikiro za kutentha kwa madzi - 22-27 ° C,
- mtengo wamalo am'madzi uli pamtunda wa 5.8-7.2 pH,
- zizindikiro za kuuma kwamadzi - pamlingo wa 5.0-15 dGH,
- mtundu wamtundu - mtundu uliwonse,
- mtundu wa kuyatsa - mtundu uliwonse
- kayendedwe ka madzi amadzimadzi - mtundu wofooka kapena wowonda.
Kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala zopezeka m'malo am'madzi, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi zotsalira ndi zotulutsa, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mawonekedwe a chakudya chamagulu am'madzi mwachangu kwambiri amapereka madzi am'madzi osasinthika.
Zakudya, zakudya
Mwachilengedwe, Aguaruna ndi wadyera ndipo mwa chilengedwe chake woimira gulu la paraphyletic amadya nsomba zamtundu wina. Tikasungidwa ngati chiweto m'madzi am'madzi, nyama zam'madzi zimasinthika mwachangu komanso mosavuta pazinthu zina, komanso zakudya zapadera zofunidwa kudyetsa mitundu yamadzi yamadzi iliyonse. Kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata Aguaruna amasangalala kwambiri ndi nyama zam'madzi, nyama ya shrimp, mamina, komanso timisodzi tansomba.
Khalidwe loyenderana
Aguaruna si mtundu wamtundu wa nsomba zamtchire, ndipo chifukwa chosowa malo am'madzi, nsomba zotere zimatha kupikisana osati ndi abale ake, komanso ndi nsomba zina zambiri zazikulu, ndikuzichotsa mdera ndikuchotsa zakudya zazikulu.
Monga momwe ziwonetsero zikuwonekera, malo opanda malo ambiri am'madzi, nsomba zomwe zimachokera ku banja la amphaka amphaka amphamvuko zimakhala zolimba kwambiri momwe zingathere, ndipo nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse zimapezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Aguarun.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Chibale pakati pa nyama zamtundu wamtundu wa Aguarun nthawi yophukira nthawi zambiri chimakhala chamtendere, koma m'malo oyandikana kwambiri amatha kumveka phokoso, ndipo nthawi zina kumenyana koopsa, koma popanda kuvulaza chiweto.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makulidwe okhwima pang'onopang'ono atayamba kuvina wamba, ndipo ngati zinthu zoyenera zimapangidwa, kuwaza kumachitika.
Mu ana a nsomba a aquarium catfish, nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika za cannibalism, koma anthu onse achikulire ayenera kubzalidwa mosachedwa.
Matenda obereketsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri a nsomba yotchuka yam'madzi yotere.
Yolembedwa ndi malo osayenera okhala m'ndende kapena kuphwanya malamulo osamalira:
- kusowa kwa madzi akumwa amtundu wa turbid kapena owuma kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali,
- madzi osafunika a aquarium malinga ndi kapangidwe kake kapenanso magawo a hydraulic,
- kusakwanira kapena kuchepa kwambiri, kapangidwe koyipa ka malo am'madzi,
- kuyatsa kowala kwambiri kapena kosakwanira,
- Kutentha kwambiri kapena madzi ochepa kwambiri.
- kusefukira kwamadzi mu aquarium,
- kusaganizira machitidwe a nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi
- kugwiritsa ntchito osayenera mankhwala ndi zakudya kapena chakudya zowonongeka,
- zolakwika posankha zakudya.
Nthawi zambiri, ndikokwanira kungochotsa zolakwikazo munthawi yomangidwa, koma matenda oopsa, kuphatikiza zotupa, mavairasi, mabakiteriya komanso matenda opatsirana, adzafunika kuthandizidwa kuchipatala.
Ndemanga za eni
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la abale a Aguarun omwe ndi amphaka am'manja a Flat, kapena Pimelodovye, pano amadziwika kuti ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imatha kusungidwa m'malo am'madzi. Kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yakumangidwa, a Aguaruna a aquarium amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsomba zamtunduwu zimafanana kwambiri ndi zinsomba zakupha ku Africa, ndipo mawonekedwe omwewo ndi ofanana ndi amphaka amtchire omwe amakhala m'nkhalango, chifukwa chake Aguaruna ndiwodziwika bwino osati kokha pakati pa asodzi wamba komanso am'madzi akunja.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yomwe imadya nyama zambiri zam'madzi, Aguaruna siivuta kusamalira ndipo ifunika kutsatira kwambiri zinthu, chifukwa chake akatswiri salimbikitsa kuyambitsa nsomba zotere kwa oyambira m'madzi oyamba.
Huaru okhudzidwa kusamalira zikugwirizana kutulutsa chithunzi kanema
Ouara, kumtunda, kwamphala atatu a cichlid, chilimwe kapena cuneiform adawona cichlid - atangotchula dzina loti nsomba yaku aquarium, yomwe ndi ya banja la cichlid ndipo amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'madzi oyera a Guiana, komanso malo osungira mumtsinje. Amazons.
M'mawonekedwe, ovar amasiyana mu thupi lopangidwa ndi disk, yokhala ndi mutu waukulu, pakamwa yotsika komanso milomo yonse. Malekezero owoneka bwino a cheza chautali wautali wa faini amapanga kufanana kwa spines.
Mtundu wa nsombayi nthawi zambiri umakhala woderapo, komabe, nsomba zakuda zamtambo zokhala ndi mawanga oyera zimapezekanso.
Oars obiriwira obiriwira, omwe ali ndi maso ofiira komanso mzere wowoneka m'thupi lonse, amatha kupezekanso.
Mwa kugonana, ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa Huara panthawi yakubzala. Mwa chachikazi, mumawoneka ovipositor wooneka ngati peyala, ndipo mwaimuna, miseche imapindika, kuwerama kumutu. Uary - nsomba zazikulu zomwe zimatha kutalika mpaka 30 cm.
Zowonongeka
A Huaru amakhala m'magulu omwe anthu olemekezeka amalemekezedwa. Nsomba zimangokhala mwakachetechete ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimakonda mtendere, makamaka ndi abale awo achiakhosi. Komabe, tikuwona kuti uara ndi nsomba yamanyazi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kukonzekeretsa m'madzi ndi miyala yambiri ndi miyala, yomwe imakhala malo osungirako nsomba.
Komabe, kusiya malo akuluakulu osambira ndikofunikira. Ndikwabwino kusiyanitsa gawo ndi miyala yosalala, kuyiyika mokhazikika mu aquarium. Kwakukulu, nsomba ziwiri zidzafunika madzi akuluakulu a ma lita 150. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zamiyala yolimba m'madzimadzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapoto, chifukwa nkhumba zimatha kudya mbewu.
Uara ndi nsomba yaku aquarium yomwe imakhala pakati komanso pansi m'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba ndizofunikira kwambiri pamadzi ndipo sizilekerera kuipitsa kwa nayitrogeni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala kwamphamvu.
Kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa 40% ya kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafunikiranso. Popeza uar mu chilengedwe amakhala m'madzi acid, mu aquarium acidity yamadzi siyenera kulowerera ndale - 6.0-7.5 ndi kuuma mpaka 15 °.
Kutentha kwamadzi kumasungidwa bwino madigiri 25-30.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya chamasamba: masamba ofunda a kabichi, dandelion ndi letesi adzakhala othandiza kwambiri kwa wara. Kuchokera ku chakudya cham'madzi, nsomba zimakonda mafunde am'magazi, machubu, coronetra ndi shrimp.
Malamulo ak kubereka
Nsomba zimakhwima mwakugonana, mpaka zimafika pamiyezi 10 mpaka 12. Komabe, kubereka muukapolo kumafuna kuti malamulo ena atsatidwe. Choyambirira kudziwa ndikuti nsomba izi zimatha kutuluka mumadzi wamba, kusankha nesting, kona zametedwe kuti ziziswana.
Ngati nsomba zamtundu wina zikakhala mu thanki, zimatha kukhala zowopsa mwachangu. Kutambalala kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi madigiri angapo (28-30 madigiri). Kuuma kwamadzi sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 8 °, acidity - 6.5-7.0 pH.
Msodzi wamkazi amatha kutengera zochita za mayiyo ngati mayi m'modzi walowa m'malo wamwamuna wamkulu. Amatulutsa mazira akuluakulu a 300-500, omwe amawaika pansi pa miyala. Caviar imagundidwa kwa maola makumi awiri ndi awiri, patatha masiku enanso atatu mwachangu ayamba kusambira payekha kufunafuna chakudya.
Kuyambira poyambira - tiziwalo ta pakhungu la thupi la makolo, pambuyo pake amatha kupatsidwa mphutsi za artemia, ma rotifers, cyclops. Mwachangu masabata awiri azaka amafunika chakudya chomera - apatseni letesi ndi dandelion yoyatsidwa ndi madzi otentha. Makolo amasamalira ana awo okha.
Kudyetsa ouaru
Zakudya za nsomba izi ziyenera kukhala zambiri komanso zosiyana siyana. Kuchokera pazakudya za nyama perekani shirimpu, nyongolotsi wamtsinje, tinthu, magazi akulu, brine shrimp.
Ambiri mwa mndandanda wa ma cichlids awa ndi zakudya zamasamba. Mwachitsanzo, letesi lozaza, dandelion kapena kabichi. Muthanso kuphatikiza masamba ndi zipatso monga zukini ndi maapulo.
Zakudya zingapo zouma zouma zokhala ndi duckweed ndi spirulina ndizoyeneranso.
AQUA MANIAC - nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba, zomera
SOMI NDI SOMIKI.
Gawo 7 AGUARUNA.
Museru catfish kapena Aguaruna, dzina lasayansi Aguarunichthys torosus, ndi wa banja la Pimelodidae (Pimelodovye kapena Flat-cat catfish). Dzinalo lachiwiri la mtunduwu limaperekedwa polemekeza fuko la amwenye omwe amakhala m'nkhalango ya Peru pa mtsinje wa Maranion, pomwe ofufuza adapeza koyamba nsomba yamatchiyi. Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zodya nyama, zimakhala zosavuta kuyang'anira zinthu zingapo, komabe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa oyamba am'madzi.
Chimayambira ku South America kuchokera ku chigwa cha Maranion River m'chigwa chapamwamba cha Amazon, chomwe chimayenda makamaka ku Peru ndi Ecuador. Imakhala m'mabotolo osiyanasiyana - mitsinje yachangu yomwe imayenda kuchokera kumapiri, ndimadziwe amadzi osefukira ndi madzi am'mphepete mwa bedi lalikulu la mtsinje.
Kukula kwa aquarium kumachokera ku 500 l.
Phindu la PH - 5.8-7.2
Kuuma kwamadzi - 5-5 dGH
Mtundu wa gawo lapansi - chilichonse
Madzi akhungu - ayi
Kuyenda kwamadzi - ofooka kapena ochepa
Kukula kwa nsombazi mpaka 34 cm.
Chakudya - chakudya chomira chamitundu yachilengedwe
Akuluakulu amakula mpaka masentimita 34. Mphaka wamtchire ndi wamtali kwambiri wokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wosalala wokhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Zipsepse sizikulu. Mtundu wake ndi wopepuka ndi madontho ambiri amdima.
Predator, chilengedwe chimadya nsomba zina. Mu aquariums mumatha kusintha zinthu zina. Mutha kudya zakudya zapadera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, nyongolotsi, nyama ya shirimpu, nsapato, nsapato zoyera. Dyetsani katatu pa sabata.
Kukula kwakulu kwamadzi amodzi mwa nsomba imodzi kumayambira 500 malita. Kapangidwe kazisamala kwambiri kuti musunge nsomba yam'mimba, chinthu chachikulu ndikupereka malo aufulu ambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire madzi ambiri pamitundu yovomerezeka ya kutentha ndi magawo a hydrochemical. Kudzikundana kwa zinyalala zopezeka organic (zotsalira za chakudya ndi zimbudzi), zomwe, chifukwa cha zomwe zimadya, zimadetsa madzi mwamphamvu kwambiri, siziyenera kuloledwa. Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso kusamalidwa kwachilengedwe mkati mwa aquarium zimatengera kuwonekera kwa kayendetsedwe kazomwe zimayang'anira ndikusamalira kwake kosalala kwa zida, makamaka kachitidwe ka kusefa.
Osawoneka ochezeka kwambiri, mikhalidwe yakusowa kwa malo iyamba kupikisanirana ndi abale ndi nsomba zina zazikulu zakumunda ndi chakudya. Malo ocheperako, omwewo amawonjezeranso khalidweli. Nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse zimagwiriridwa, choncho siziyenera kuyikidwa kunja.
Makhalidwe akunja
Wowoneka wakuda wokhala ndi mutu waukulu, maso achikasu otambalala amakhalapo, pakamwa pake ndi lalikulu, ndi milomo yolimba. Kufanana kwa thupi kumakhala koyenera, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono m'mbali, kutalika, kupindika mchira. Pa ziphuphu zakumaso ndi ma anal kumakhala timiyala tambiri tomwe timawoneka chifukwa cha chiwonetsero chachilengedwe cha malekezero.
Zipsepse izi ndizitali, zowoneka bwino, ndimtambo wamtambo wabuluu. Mtundu wawukulu wa akulu ndi wakuda, nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zosalala zoyera. Palinso nsomba zokhala ndi masikelo obiriwira obiriwira ndi mzere wakuda wakuda.
Tayang'anani pa nkhuni za mawonekedwe oyera.
Nsomba zokhwima zimakhala ndi chidindo chamafuta pang'ono pakhosi, ndi malo atatu amdima: awiri kumbuyo kwa diso, mchira, ndi pansi pa thupi.
Kukula kwachinyamata kumakutidwa ndi mawanga ambiri a bulauni, omwe amawathandiza kutsata chilengedwe, kudziteteza ku ngozi.
Kugonana kwamisala kumafotokozedwa pang'onopang'ono - kugonana kumakhala kosavuta kudziwa nthawi yomwe kumatuluka, pomwe wamwamuna amakhala ndi chimbudzi cha seminal choloza kumbali, ndipo wamkazi amakhala ndi ovipositor wooneka ngati peyala.
Nsomba zokhala ndi mawanga akuda zimakhala ndi thupi loyera, 20-30 cm. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo ndi zaka 8-10. Nsomba zokhwima zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi khungu lofiirira; malo akuda amaoneka bwino pamenepo, chifukwa chomwe dzinalo lidatchulidwira.
KUGWIRITSANSO NDI CHOLOWA CHINA
Osakhala oyenera kukonza m'madzi am'madzi, koma abwino kukhala ndi ma cichlids ena ku Central ndi South America.
Ma cichlids aku South America samakhala ankhanza kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi anzawo aku Africa, koma pazonsezi zimatengera kukula kwa aquarium.
Ma ouara amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba za discus (ngakhale nsomba zocheperako siziri oyandikana nawo abwino), zokhala ndi mawanga amtundu wa buluu ndi miyala yamkaka, diamondi cichlazoma, scalars, cichlazomas-mizere yakuda, cichlazoma yamiyala isanu ndi itatu.
Mwambiri, amakhala bwino ndi ma cichlids aliwonse, bola kuti omaliza asawakhudze.
Ma Huara owoneka akuda ndi nsomba zamagulu, amafunika kuti azisungidwa awiriawiri, kapena m'malo angapo, ndiye amapanga gulu lowongolera ndikuwulula zabwino za machitidwe awo. Zowona, gulu loterolo limafunikira malo otakasuka.
Nicaraguan cichlazoma - kukongola kopanda chidwi
Nicaraguan cichlazoma Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (omwe kale anali Cichlasoma nicaraguense) sichachilendo pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe ake a thupi. Amuna a ku Nicaragua ndi akulu kuposa akazi, koma akazi amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Mtundu wa thupi umadalira malo omwe amakhala, koma mtundu wokongola kwambiri ndi thupi lagolide-dayamondi, mutu wabuluu wowoneka bwino komanso zophimba gill, komanso chifuwa chofiirira.
Chochititsa chidwi, ngakhale kuti Nicicaraguan cichlazoma ndi amodzi mwa ma cichlids opaka utoto wowoneka bwino, wachinyamata wake ndi wosasakanika, wodera mtundu komanso wosakopa chidwi. Zikuwoneka, motero, sizofala kwambiri, chifukwa ndizovuta kugulitsa ndikupeza ndalama, pomwe wosalungayo sakhala wowala.
Koma, ngati mukudziwa bwino mtundu wa nsomba zomwe zili, ndiye iyi ndi imodzi mwazitsamba zokongola kwambiri zomwe zingakusangalatseni kwa zaka zambiri.
Izi ndi nsomba zazikulu kwa asitikali odziwa bwino komanso apamwamba. Monga macichlids onse, Nicaraguan ndi ya mtunda ndipo imatha kukhala yankhanza kwa oyandikana nawo.
Koma, komabe, sizolimbikitsa kwambiri, makamaka poyerekeza ndi ma cichlids ena akulu aku Central America.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Cichlazoma waku Nicaraguan adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Gunther mu 1864. Amakhala ku Central America: mu Nyanja ya Nicaragua, mu Mtsinje wa Matina ku Costa Rica.
Amapezeka m'madzi ndi mitsinje yocheperako kapena yapakati. Ana ake amakhala ndi tizilombo, koma achikulire amasamukira ku chosokoneza, nthangala, nyemba, nkhono ndi ma invertebrates ena.
Zovuta pazomwe zili
Nicaraguan cichlazoma ndi nsomba yayikulu, koma yamtendere. Ndiosavuta kusamalira, koma imafunikabe chochitika china, monga momwe miyalayo imawapangira malire.
Komabe, ngati novice aquarist atha kuperekera malo abwino owerengera, madzi oyera, kudya koyenera ndi oyandikana, ndiye kuti palibe mavuto ndi zomwe zili.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Monga ma cichlids onse, malo otchedwa Nicaraguan komanso ankhanza poteteza gawo lake. Komabe, samakhala wankhalwe kuposa ma cichlids ena a kukula kwake.
Itha kusungidwa ndi ma cichlids ena - njuchi, yamizere yakuda, yofatsa, salvini. Amasungidwa awiriawiri, ndizosavuta kutola ngati mugula nsomba zazing'ono zisanu ndi zitatu ndikuzikulitsa pamodzi, ndikupatsa nthawi yoti mudzisankhe nokha.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Sizovuta kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna ku Nicaraguan cichlids. Wamphongo ndi wokulirapo ndipo amakhala ndi dorsal fin.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngodya yamafuta imamera pamutu wamwamuna, ngakhale mwachilengedwe ndizosakhalitsa ndipo imangowoneka pakubala. Wamkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa wamwamuna ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala wowala bwino.
Kuswana
Cichlazoma wa ku Nicaraguan umaberekana bwino m'madzimo. Amayala ma caviar m'maenje, koma amayenera kuwonedwa ngati awiriawiri, omwe amafunika m'mapanga ambiri ndi m'misasa.
Amakumba dzenje pobisalira, chifukwa caviar wa ku Nicaraguan siwomata ndipo sangathe kuyika pa khoma la pobisamo.
Wamkazi amayikira mazira, omwe amawonekera ndipo amakhala akulu (2 mm). Kutentha kwa 26 ° C, kumayenda patsiku lachitatu, ndipo pakatha masiku enanso 4-5, yamphongo imasambira.
Kuyambira pano akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi brine shrimp nauplii. Makolo amasamalira caviar ndi mwachangu nthawi zonse, moyenera, wamkazi amawasamalira, ndipo wamwamuna amateteza.
Nsomba za Oranda: mawonekedwe okonza ndi chisamaliro
Akatswiri amakono am'madzi, akaganiza zopanga ngodya yaying'ono yamadzi apansi panthaka, yesani kusankha ena okondweretsa ndi osazolowereka. Zachidziwikire, izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa malo aliwonse okhala m'madzi amayenera kukhala okongoletsa nyumba, ndipo anthu okhalamo amawoneka bwino.
Komabe, pali nsomba zomwe ndizodziwika kale kwa aliyense, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino omwe sanatayebe kutchuka, ngakhale motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa zinthu zatsopano monga minga kapena zebrafish GloFish. Awa ndi oranda, amene, kwenikweni, ndi mtundu wa nsomba zagolide.
Nyama iyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi abale ake apamtima, komanso nsomba zina. Oranda ali ndizofanana ndi nsomba zagolide. Amakhala ndi zipsepse zamaso otchingidwa bwino kwambiri, thupi lamafuta.
Komabe, zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa zimamera pamutu. Imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwa zina, ndizochepa ndipo zimangokhala pamwamba pa maso. Kwa ena, imaphimba mutu kwathunthu komanso chophimba cha gill.
Chifukwa chachilendo, munthu aliyense amagwira nsomba m'njira yake. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoyipa chabe ndipo amaziseka, nkumazitcha "mabulosi akutchire". Kwa ena, "chip" choterechi ndikulakalaka kwawo, chifukwa nyamayo imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri.
Izi nsomba zilibe zachilengedwe. Ndi mtundu chabe wa scrofula ndipo unabadwa mwangozi ku China China, pambuyo pake idabwera ku Japan.
Kholo lake ndi siliva wosavuta crucian carp (banja la cyprinids), lomwe adapeza kale mtundu wagolide ndi munthu.
Kenako osinthawo adabzala mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza ma telescope, ngale, zophimba ndi zophimba.
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa munthu ndi jenda. Kwenikweni, kusiyanasiyana kumawonekera panthawi yopanga zipatso. Amuna, ma tubercles amawoneka pamatumbo, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kuzindikira kugonana mwa chikhalidwe, popeza amuna amathamangitsa akazi nthawi yobala.
Kukula pamutu kumatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwa zina, ndizochepa ndipo zimangokhala pamwamba pa maso. Kwa ena, imaphimba mutu kwathunthu komanso chophimba cha gill.
Oranda palokha ndi yosasangalatsa komanso yolimba. Komabe, amafunikabe kupereka zikhalidwe zina zoti akhale mndende momwe angakhalire momasuka, akule bwino osataya kukongola kwachilengedwe. Kwenikweni, chisamaliro chili motere:
Aquarium. Ndikofunikira kuti ndi lalikulu. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kutsatsidwira otsatsa kapena ogulitsa kuti nsomba izi zimagulanso nsomba yaying'ono, ndipo ngakhale "mtsuko" wozungulira uzichita.
Ayi, chiweto ichi chimafunikira chidebe chokwanira komanso chachikulu. Amakula mpaka 15-20 cm, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti akhale ndi malo pomwe amatha kusambira momasuka. Koma, kuwonjezera apo, nsomba yayikulu imapanga katundu wolimba pazachilengedwe cham'madzi.
Chifukwa chake, mukamagula, muyenera kuwerengera kuti munthu m'modzi akhale ndi malita osachepera 50,
Magawo amadzi. Monga crucian aliyense, oranda amakonda madzi ozizira mkati mwa digrii 18-22. Chinyezi komanso kuuma ndikutsika kwachiwiri, nyamayi siiganizira kwambiri.
Ogulitsa ena anganene kuti, m'malo mwake, nsomba zagolide zimakonda madzi ofunda kwambiri. Ayi konse. Pamatenthedwe kwambiri, amangodwala pang'ono (mabakiteriya ambiri samakhalapo mpaka 28-30 ° C), koma nthawi yomweyo chiyembekezo chawo chamoyo chimachepetsedwa.
Mu malo ogulitsa ziweto, zilibe kanthu kuti "chogulitsacho" chimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. Chachikulu ndikuti samadwala ndipo amagulitsidwa mwachangu,
Kudulira. Zilibe kanthu, koma ndikofunikira kuti ikhale yaying'ono kwambiri kapena yayikulu. Miyala ya kukula kwapakatikati ikhoza kukakamira pakamwa pa chiweto, kenako azitulutsa mu aquarium ndikuchotsa chinthu chachilendo, pogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers,
Zomera. Nthawi zambiri, oranda imakhala mu malo owerengeka, momwe zimagwirira ntchito kapena mitundu yonse yamiyala, zombo kapena maulendo a driftwood nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kukongoletsa. Zomera zokhala ndi moyo, monga lamulo, sizimakhalabe ndi moyo, chifukwa nsomba izi ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimazindikira tchire ngati mavalidwe apamwamba.
Njira yokhayo ndikugula mbewu zomwe zili ndi mizu yolimba komanso masamba olimba. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala Anubias, mitundu yambiri ya cryptocoryne, echinodorus. Ma Fern nawonso ndi oyenera.
Ngati chakudyacho chimapangidwa molondola, muthanso kuwonjezera maluwa okhuthala ngati ludwigia, nymphaea,
Kuwala. Sizofunikira kwenikweni, koma mawonekedwe a LED omwe ali ndi ma LED osiyanasiyana ndi oyenerera bwino, omwe amagogomezera utoto wa nsomba ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokhutira kwambiri,
Matenda. Palibe chizolowezi chilichonse mwa nyama izi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amakhala zaka zopitilira 10 ndipo samadwala. Koma ngati zomwe zalembedwazi si lolondola, ndiye kuti "semolina", aeromonosis (ndi rubella), ndi zina zotere zitha kuonekera.
Monga nsomba zamtundu wina aliyense, oranda ndilowowala bwino, ndakatulo ya akulu imadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku.
Padera kutchulidwa chakudya. Oranda ndi nsomba yowala kwambiri yomwe ilibe kumva kuperewera. Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, siziyenera kuzingidwa. Kukula kwachichepere kumatha kudyetsedwa kawiri patsiku, koma kotero kuti pasanathe mphindi 5 chakudya chonse chimadyedwa. Munthu akakula, amapatsa chakudya kamodzi patsiku.
Maziko a menyu azikhala zakudya zamasamba. Izi zitha kukhala chakudya chapadera chamitundu kuchokera kwa opanga. Komanso ndikofunikira kupatsa nandolo 1-2 pa sabata, popeza zimachepetsa kugaya chakudya. Oyenera omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu. Ndikokwanira kusefa ndi madzi otentha, kuyeretsa ndikupereka kwa ziweto. Anthu akuluakulu amafunika nandolo 3, sing'anga - 2, yaying'ono - osaposa imodzi.
Mutha kuperekanso artemia sabata iliyonse. Zimasintha kukula kwa nsomba, koma ndikamadyetsa pafupipafupi zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Oranda amakonda masamba osiyanasiyana komanso masamba ena. Ndi zosangalatsa amadya scalded plantain, dandelion. Sichinyansidwa yophika zukini, kabichi, dzungu ndi zipatso zina ngati nthochi.
Makhalidwe
Pali obereketsa ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti ma cichlomas omwe adalankhulidwa ndi zolengedwa zapawiri. Ndiye kuti, kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wawo wamoyo, amapanga banja lomwe amakhala nalo moyo wawo wonse. Mwakutero, anthu osiyanasiyana pamakhalidwe amtendere, komabe, amatha kumenya nkhondo ndi ena okhala m'madzimo m'derali.
Kuti apange mikhalidwe yoyenera yogawana oimira awa a banja la Tsikhlov, ndikofunikira kuti zisachulukitse tanki, kuthamangitsa nsomba nthawi yomweyo, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ali amsinkhu womwewo. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi malo okhala okwanira momwe angabisalire kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo.
Kuswana ndi kuswana
Popeza kuti wamwamuna ndi wamkazi amasankhana wina ndi mnzake moyo wawo, ndibwino ngati kutalikirana kumachitika mu malo osyanasiyana okhala ndi izi. Mulingo wake uyenera kukhala wosachepera 60 malita. Miyala yabwino ndiyabwino ngati dothi, pomwe wamkazi amakumba dzenje kuti akaikire mazira.
Amuna akathira mazira, wamkazi amawasamalira, kuwasanja mosamala. Amadziwika kuti nthawi ya makulitsidwe amachokera masiku awiri mpaka anayi. Choyamba, mphutsi zokhala ndi yolk sac zimawonekera. Patatha masiku asanu zitachitika izi, mwachangu zimawonekera, zomwe zimafunikira kudyetsedwa ndimadyetsa oyambitsa.
"Makolo" amasungidwa ndi ana ang'onoang'ono mpaka ana atafika mainchesi 1. Kupitilira, anthu okhwima amawakhazikitsidwanso munkhokwe. Ngati izi sizichitika pa nthawi, ma cichlids amatha kudya ana awo. Nsomba zidzakhala zokonzekera kubereka ndi kubereka pazaka zapakati pa 8-9 miyezi.
Matenda, kupewa kwawo
Nicaraguan cichlazoma ali ndi thanzi labwino. Nthawi zambiri, amapezeka ndi matenda monga:
- kunenepa,
- matenda amkati,
- kutopa kwa thupi.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopewa kupezeka kwa zinthu ngati izi ndi zakudya zosankhidwa bwino, kusunga ukhondo wa m'madzi. Ndikofunika kuteteza nsomba kuti zisakhumudwe.
Osatengera chidwi chakuti mtundu wofotokozedwawu wa ma cichlids suwonedwa ngati wodziwika kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chisamaliro chokwanira ndikuwasamalira zizipangitsa kuti zikhale zokongoletsa bwino kwambiri panyumba ya ngakhale katswiri wazopanga.
Zakudya ndi Njira
Aguaruna m'chilengedwe ndi nyama yolusa, yomwe ndi chakudya chamitundu ina. Ngati iyo (catfish) imayikidwa mu malo owetera nsomba, ndiye kuti imazolowera kudya kwina, m'malo ogulitsira zakudya zapadera kapena zakudya zina zanyama.Aguaruna amadya nyongolotsi, nyama ya shirimpu, ndi timizere tansomba tambiri kangapo pa sabata.
Kugwirizana ndi machitidwe
Mitundu ya nsomba yam'mimba imakhala yachilengedwe kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku ma aquariums, chifukwa nthawi zonse samakhala ndi malo okwanira nsomba izi. M'malo otere, nsombayi imachita mpikisano woyenera, kwa abale ake komanso kwa mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya nsomba zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wapansi. Amawakakamiza kuti atuluke m'gawo lawo, pomwe amachotsera chakudya chachikulu.
Zotsatira zakuwonera, zidapezeka kuti m'malo omwe mumapezeka nsomba zam'madzi, ngati pali kuchuluka, nsomba zam'madzi zoimira "Catat-catfish" zikuwonetsa kukwiya kwakukulu. Pakutero, nsomba zazing'ono zilizonse za m'madzi zomwe zimavutitsidwa ndi izi.
Pomaliza
Mabanja ambiri amalakalaka kukhazikitsa malo okhala ndi nsomba kunyumba. Izi sizinthu zongopangitsa kuti anthu am'nyumba azikhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe, komanso mawonekedwe okongoletsa, makamaka munthawi yathu ino, pomwe ambiri adakhala akukonzanso mtengo. Kodi kukongoletsa chipinda choterocho? Funso ndilosangalatsa ndipo aliyense amathetsa vutoli mwanjira zawo. Aliyense amafuna kuti iye akhale ngati wina. Nthawi yomweyo, aliyense amafuna kudzitamandira chifukwa cha chinthu chapadera. Ndipo apa aquarium ndi zomwe mukufuna. Ngati mungakonzekere bwino ndikuyika nsomba zapaderadera, ndiye kuti idzatenga malo ake olemekezeka m'nyumba yokhalamo yamakono. Kukula kwakukulu kwa Aquarium, kumawoneka bwino komanso kowoneka bwino, kumathandizira kapangidwe kamakono.
Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene ali wokonzeka kuwongolera magawo onse ofunikira. Monga lamulo, mwini wake asanamvetse kuti bizinesi iyi siophweka, kuposa nsomba khumi ndi ziwiri amafa. Mafani ambiri pakadali pano "amalukana", akayamba kuzindikira kuti sadzatha kulipira chidwi kwambiri pakufunika. Omwe amakhala ouma khosi amapitilizabe "kuzunza" nsombazo ndipo chifukwa chake amakhala akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi. Inde, alipo ochepa otere, koma zomwe amachita ndizoyenera kulemekeza ndi kuwatsata. Aliyense amafuna kukhala wokongola!