Mawonekedwe

Maonekedwe a nkhakoo

Cockoo imakhala ndi thupi lalitali, loonda, lamapiko opendekera lomwe limapangidwa kumapeto, mchirawo ndi wautali, ndipo umapangidwa m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe a wedge. Miyendo ndiyifupi, yopanda bwino, yoyenera kuyenda pansi. Kapangidwe ka mawotowo ndi zygodactyl - zikhadabo ziwiri zikuyembekezera, ndipo zinazo ziwiri zimatembenuzidwira kumbuyo. Khalani chete, ndikugwada.

Mitundu ya kugonana imafotokozedwa kukula kwake (amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi) komanso manambala. Akuluakulu amuna, mutu, mapewa, kumbuyo ndi imvi. Khosi ndi chifuwa chapamwamba ndizophulika. Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizonona ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopyapyala. Nthenga za mchira ndi imvi zakuda ndi mawanga oyera ndi malire.

Chithunzi cha nkhaka pamtengo

Utoto wachikazi samanenanso mobwerezabwereza maimuna. Mitundu ina, yomwe imatchedwa kuti morph imapezeka pamene msana ndi bere zimapakidwa utoto wonenepa, wopakidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda (wamba, ogontha komanso ang'onoang'ono). Pali mitundu ya momwe chifuwacho chimakhala chakuda (mtundu wa chikuda chakuda).

Kodi nchifukwa ninji amatchedwa cikoiko?

Cuckoo pa nthambi

Cockoo adatchedwa choncho chifukwa chazithunzi za nyimbo zake. “Cockoo” wochititsa chidwi sangasokonezedwe ndi mbalame ina iliyonse. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mayina ofanana ndi mbalameyi: ku Bulgaria amatchedwa "cuckoo", ku Czech Republic - "cuckoo", ku Germany - "cuckoo", ku France - "cuckoo", ku Romania - "chidzu", ku Italy - "cuckoo" . Dzinalo Lachilatini Cuculus limachokera ku liwu loti "nzimbe", lotanthauza "kuyimba"

Zomwe zimadya

Pacithunzi-thunzi, nkhaka imadya mphutsi

Cuckoos amawononga chakudya chomwe chimachokera ku nyama. Matabwa ang'onoang'ono komanso tizilombo touluka, akangaude amapatsidwa chakudya. Chakudya chokoma cha nkhaka: ziwala, mavu, udzudzu, ntchentche, nyongolotsi, mbozi, agulugufe. Cuckoos wokhala kumapeto amawonjezera zipatso ndi zipatso pamenyu.

Cockoo ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zochepa zomwe zimadya mbozi zamtunduwu mosangalala. Poizoni wawo, yemwe amakhala m'matumbo, ndi zovulaza kwa mbalame zambiri. Cockoo, asanadye tizilombo, mwanzeru amatulutsira matumbo ake ndi lilime lake. Osasamala kulawa kuluka kwa abuluzi watsopano ndi mazira a mbalame. Zakudya za mbalame zimagwidwa ndikuuluka, osati kugwera pansi.

Cuckoo amadya pa ntchentche

Cuckoos ndi mbalame zolimbira. Mu ola limodzi, mbalame imodzi yachikulire imatha kudya mbozi zokwana 100. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbalame zimadyanso zochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake amadziunjikira mafuta osunthika, ofunikira pakupanga maulendo ataliitali.

Asayansi amawona nkhaka ngati namwino m'nkhalango. Tizilombo tikapezeka m'dera lokhalamo, mbalameyo singayime mpaka itagunda yonse.

Kufalitsa

Cuckoo amawopseza mbalame zina

Malo ogawikirako a cuckoos ndi ochulukirapo. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 150 ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Eurasia, Africa, Indonesia, Asia. Cuckoos amapezeka ku America ndi Pacific Islands. Zotsalira zokhazokha ndizosinthasintha. Cuckoo ndi mbalame yosazindikira. Imakhala mizu m'malo otentha, mafunde otentha komanso ngakhale tundra. Ma cockoos wamba amakhala ku Europe ndi Russia, India, China ndi Japan. M'nyengo yozizira, chisa ku Africa, kumwera kwa India ndi kumwera kwa China.

Habitat

Cuckoo paini

Cuckoos amakhala kumadera akutali, mabwinja. M'nkhalango zowirira, m'mapiri a kumapeto kwake, pamtunda. Munkhalango za taiga ndi coniferous mbalamezi sizimapezeka. M'malo okhala ndi masamba ochepa mumakhala mafuta.

Moyo

Cuckoo akuwuluka mlengalenga

Mitundu yambiri yamatckoo ndi mbalame zosamukira. Oimira ma genus, omwe amakhala ku Europe ndi kumwera kwa Africa, amasamukira ku North Africa nyengo yachisanu. Ma cockoos oletsa kupsa, omwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi Madagascar, amawuluka kum'mawa nthawi yachisanu.

Njira yomwe imawerengeredwa kwambiri m'moyo ndi cuckoo wamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbalameyi imabisala m'nkhalango zowirira. Samawonetsedwa kwa anthu kapena nyama. Pakadali pano, sikuyimba. Cuckoos amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Samasonkhana m'magulu, amapanga magulu awiriawiri. Nthawi yakubzala, amayamba kucheza. Amuna amayimba nyimbo zawo zachikondi, ndipo akazi amayamba kufunafuna madera oti awbereke. Masewera a mating amakhala ndi ziwonetsero, nkhondo zoopsa za akazi. Amuna amatsegula michira yawo ndikuyitanira anzawo. Poyamika kuti mzimayiyo adamusankha, mwamunayo amamubweretsera tsamba kapena tsamba ngati mphatso.

Chisa cha Cuckoo

Mbalame za Cuckoo sizimamanga zisa kapena kulera ana. Mbalamezi ndi majeremusi abwino omwe amachotsa mazira awo ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa cha mitundu ina ya mbalame. A Cuckoos alibe nzeru za amayi, choncho akuyesetsa kuti amasuke ku unyolo, kuponyera mazira kwa mbalame zina. Chifukwa chake amasankha nthawi yakudya ndi yopuma.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa cuckoos ndi zaka 9-11. Mbalame zambiri zimafa ali aang'ono chifukwa cha zilombo zomwe zimawononga zisa za mbalame.

Palibe malo oswana oswana. Malo okha omwe mazira achikazi amaloledwa kukhala ndi mazira amagawikana. Patsamba limodzi, zazikazi 2-3 zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo. Achule awiri kapena atatu amatha kuponyera mazira pachisa chimodzi nthawi imodzi.

Ma cockoos awiri atakhala paini

Cuckoos ndi mbalame zamitala. Amapanga ma pawiri okha kuti manyowa azitha. Amuna amphongo amakhala ndi akazi 5-10 patsiku. Akazi amayembekeza kuti azibambo omwe ali pamalo awo. Omwe amayendera amzakewo ndikumusiya komwe akukhala akusaka mnzake.

Chithunzi cha mazira a cuckoo

Pa kola imodzi, wamkazi amabweretsa mazira 15. Adzawanyamula onse kupita nawo ku zisa zapafupi. Nthawi yomweyo, mayi wa cuckoo amasamalirabe ana ake amtsogolo - asanayikire dzira, amataya mazira omwe akuchokera pachisa. Makolo otere sagwedeza ndi kulera ana awo, koma anapiye a cockoo. Izi zimachitika kuti nkhaka imasiyira mazira achilendo pachisa, koma anapiyewo sanapezeke ndi mwayi wopulumuka, chifukwa nkhaka zimachotsa chakudya chonse ndipo zimafa ndi njala.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji nkhakao imayikira mazira

Chithunzi cha dzira la cuckoo

Njira imeneyi yakhazikika mu nkhakao chifukwa cha michere ya thupi la mbalame. Cockoo amayikira mazira ndi masiku 3-5. Nyengo yachilimwe, amabweretsa mazira oposa 12, pomwe mitundu yambiri ya mbalame imangokhala ndi mazira 2-4 okha mu clutch. Chingwe kumenyedwa molingana ndi dongosolo la zomangamanga. Ngati nkhakayo idasokoneza yekha ana ake, ndiye kuti zikadakhala zotetezeka kwa miyezi iwiri kukhala chisa. Kuphatikiza apo, samatha kudyetsa anapiye ambiri, ngakhale mwamunayo angamuthandize. Chifukwa chake, chisinthiko chadzetsa mfundo yoti nkhaka ilibe mwayi wosankha koma kulera ana ake mothandizidwa ndi mbalame zina.

Kupeza zisa ndi kuponya mazira

Cockoo amasankha makolo mosamala ndi ana ake. Nthawi zambiri, amabwerera ndi mtundu wake wakale ndikuponya mazira ku mbalame zomwe adadyetsazo. Chikazi chachikazi chikuyang'anira mbalamezo, zimadziphatika pafupi ndi anthu awiriwo pantchito yomanga chisa. Mbalameyo ikangodziwa malo omanga, thupi lake limayamba kupanga mazira. Dzira m'thupi la mbalame limakhala nthawi yambiri. Makulidwe amkati amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mbalame zina. Chifukwa chake, mazira a cockoo pafupifupi amapangidwa panthawi yakugona.

Dzira lina linaponyedwa

Cockoo amayikira mazira pachisa chake. Kuti achite izi, amadikirira mpaka mwiniwake atachokapo, kenako m'masekondi 15 atagona. Wamphongo amathandizira achikazi kuthamangitsa eni ake kutali ndi chisa. Amazungulira mozungulira chimbudzi, kumanamizira kuti ndi khungubwe. Mbalame zina, zikuwopa kugwidwa, zimawuluka. Atagwira mphindiyo, nkhaka zazikazi zimathamangira kunyumba kwa wina. Dzira limakhala nalo limadyanso kapena kuponyera. Zikuchitika kuti nkhakoo yachedwa ndi masonry, ndiye kuti, nthawi yakutulutsa, anapiye amakhala atakonzeka kale. Kenako nkhaka zimawonongera ana, ndikupangitsa makolo kuti apange umuna watsopano.

Chithunzi cha anapiye a cuckoo

Nkhupakupa zimabadwa kale kuposa ena, makanda obadwa kumene amapangidwa kwambiri kuposa opeza ndi alongo. Kukushata ndizowonekera kwambiri. Amafunikira chakudya nthawi zonse, chakudya kudera lonse. Anapiye a Cuckoo sakonda mpikisano ndipo nthawi zambiri amataya makolo olera okha m'chisa. Zolingalira zamtundu wa alendo zimatha pofika tsiku lachinayi la moyo. Cuckoos amabadwa opanda khungu, wokhala ndi khungu lofiirira. Pofika milungu itatu ya moyo, amadzuka ndi kuyimirira mapiko. Koma amapitilirabe kudyetsa makolo awo owalera kwa mwezi wina.

Sikuti nkhaka zonse zimachita parasitism. Mitundu yotentha ku Africa simaponya mazira, koma mumangire chisa chimodzi chokha ndikugona. Kubala ana kumachitika ndi mbalame zokhwima.

Cuckoo mazira chisa

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 12. Mazira a Cuckoo amawoneka oposa mazira a mbalame zolera. Mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi wosiyanasiyana. Pali mazira oyera okhala ndi madontho a bulauni, pali mtundu wobiriwira, wachikasu wachikasu, woderapo.

Mitundu ina yamakoko imakhala ndi mazira kukula kwake ndi mtundu wofanana ndi mazira a aphunzitsi. Cuckoos parates pa zisa za mpheta, ngolo kapena ma warbleers, amanyamula mazira a bulauni ochepa. Cuckoos, amasankha zisa za akhwangwala ndi maula, amaikira mazira akuluakulu. Mazira a Cuckoo amatha kupezeka zisa za mbalame zodutsa, komanso mbalame za banja lankhondo. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa nkhaka umafalikira pa zisa za ma redstart, ma warbleers, mafumu ang'ono, wrens, nightingales, swows, mpheta, ndi zina zotero. Chiwerengero cha zolengedwa zamtunduwu chimafika 300. Ma cockoos ambiri amamera pamtundu umodzi wamtundu. Mitundu ina imachita zomenyera nkhawa, osaganizira kuti ndi mbalame yanji kapena chisa chimenecho.

Cuckoos (Cuculus) - mtundu wachilengedwe kwambiri wa mbalame mu banja la cuckoo. Ili ndi mitundu 15.

Chikumbutso chachikulu cha hawk

Big hawk cuckoo pamtengo

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus (Hierococcyx) sparverioides
• Kulemera: 150g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chikamba chachikulu chotchedwa hawk ndi mbalame yayikulu yokhala ndi mnofu wokulirapo, mchira wautali wopepuka, mapiko akuluakulu ndi mkamwa wamtali wolimba. Amayeza kachuno kankkoo magalamu 150, kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 30 mpaka 37. Mtundu wa mbalameyo ndi mitundu mitundu: kumbuyo ndi mapiko ndi ofiira ofiira okhala ndi mawanga owala ambiri. Khosi ndi beige, mutu ndi bulauni. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba zoyera ndi malo amdima komanso abulauni. Pansi pa mulomo ndi wobiriwira wakuda, mulomo womwewo ndi wakuda. Mchira wake ndi woderapo ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka.

Chikamba chachikulu cha hawk chimakhala pa chingwe

Pali nkhokwe yayikulu ya nkhaka ku Indonesia ndi Asia Minor. Pamakhala nkhalango zowirira ndi zitsamba. Amakhala pamwamba m'mapiri pamalo okwera mamita 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Hawk cuckoos - mbalame ndizosokosera komanso kukangana. Amangokhalira kulira, makamaka dzuwa litalowa. Cuckoos amayikira mazira awo mbalame za mitundu 36.

Indian hawk cuckoo

Indian hawk cuckoo akupuma pa nthambi

Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus (Hierococcyx) dius

Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu-kakulidwe, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 39 masentimita, kulemera - 160 magalamu. Amakhala moyo wongokhala ku Asia Minor ndi India. Indian hawk cuckoo amakhala pamitengo, kawirikawiri samatsikira pansi. Imakonzekeretsa minda, minda yamaluwa, nkhalango zowirira zakhalira ndi nesting.

Kuuluka, nkhakao imasinthana pakati pa mapiko akuuluka ndikuuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifanane ndi ana agalu, ndichifukwa chake nyamayi idatchedwa "hawk". Cockeo waku India ali ndi mutu wopanda mitu yambiri. Nthenga zofiirira zakuda zimakhala ngati chimfine, zimasunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Thupi lakumaso lpenti utoto wa phulusa, m'mimba ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira zofiirira. Mchirawo ndi imvi yakuda ndi mikwaso yakuda. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna ali ndi utoto womwewo. A dimorphism ya kugonana amawonetsedwa kukula: wamwamuna ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi. Indian hawk cuckoo, monga mitundu ina, ndi majeremusi okhala ndi nesting. Amayika mazira mu zisa za thimelius.

Bearded cuckoo

Bearded cuckoo kunkhalango

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus (Hierococcyx) vagans
• Kulemera: 140g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira:

Mbalame yaing'onoting'ono, yayikulu kuposa njiwa. Kutalika kwa thupi - pafupifupi masentimita 32, kulemera - 140 magalamu. Zoweta makamaka ku Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar, ndi kumwera kwa Thailand. Miyoyo yam'malo otentha ndi otentha, munkhalango zowirira. Amakhala moyo wongokhala. Pokhudzana ndi kulima madera atchire, kuchuluka kwa zipatso za ndevu kunachepa.

Chikomo chokhala ndi ndevu chafika pachinthu china

Kumbuyo, nape, mchira ndi mapiko ndi utoto wofiirira, womwe umasungunulidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya kirimu. Pakhosi "ndevu" zowala kuchokera ku nthenga zoyera. Pachifuwa ndi m'mimba mwayera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yokhotakhota. Miyendo ndi maso ake ndi achikaso. Mlomo ndi wakuda.

Chithunzi cha Beuced Cuckoo

Mitundu ya bearded cockoo nthawi yotentha. Yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi mumtambo kwa mbalame zina. Cockoo kakang'ono amataya mazira ena pachisa, ndikangotsalira ndi makolo omlera, omwe amamudyetsa kwa mwezi umodzi. Kenako mwana wankhuku yemwe wakula amasiya chovalacho.

Mapiko okulirapo

Mitengo yayitali

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus fugax
• Kulemera: 130g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mutu wosaya, mchira wautali wamapiko ndi mapiko ofupira. Kulemera kwa thupi sikupitirira magalamu 130, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 30. Khalidwe lake mlengalenga likufanana ndi kabawi. Mtundu: kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira zimapakidwa utoto wama graphite, Mimba, chifuwa ndi mmero ndiz zonona ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yakuda yakuda. Malire a mchira ndi ofiira.

Mapiko akulu-okhala ndi mapiko otembenuka

Mtundu wa nkhakao umagawika m'magulu atatu:

1. C. fugax - amakhala kumwera kwa Burma, Thailand, Singapore, Borneo, kumadzulo kwa Java,
2. C. hyperythrus - zisa ku China, Korea, Russia (Far East) ndi Japan. Magulu omwe amakhala kumpoto yachisanu ku Borneo. Ku Russia amakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri a taiga.
3. C. nisicolor - yogawidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, Burma, kumwera kwa China.

Cikokoo wokhala ndi mapiko akulu amafuula mokweza, koma nkovuta kumuwona, popeza akubisala mumphepo yamkuntho kapena chitsulo chosawoneka. Kwa ornithologists, iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri ya mbalame mu banja la cuckoo.

Philippine cuckoo

Philippinespko cuckoo m'malo ozolowera

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus (Hierococcyx) pectoralis
• Kulemera: 120-140 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame yaying'ono yamtchire, masentimita 29 kutalika ndi masentimita 120-140. Zambiri mwa anthu achikulire ndi imvi yakuda m'thupi lakumaso komanso yoyera m'munsi. Pa mchira pali mikwingwirima 3-4 yosiyanitsa ya mtundu wakuda kapena wa ocher. Malire a mchira ndi ofiira. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda wokhala ndi azitona. Kuzungulira diso ndi mphete yachikaso. Nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira pamimba zawo.

Philippinespko cuckoo amakhala pa nthambi yopyapyala

Malo okhala nkhaka zamtunduwu ndi Philippines. M'mbuyomu, mitundu ya ku Philippines idadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wamapiko amitundu yambiri, koma m'mitundu yamakono mitundu ya Philippines imadziwika kuti ndiyodziyimira payokha. Onani kuti ndi gawo lina lomwe limaloleza mawu. Nyimbo ya cuckoo ili ndi mawu 7 osiyanasiyana.

Mbalame za ku Philippines zimakhala pamwamba pamtunda (2300 mita), m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Amadyetsa nkhuni. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba mkatikati mwa masika ndipo imatha miyezi itatu. Ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono.

Waku Indonesia Hawk Cuckoo

Indonesi hawk cuckoo kupumula

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus crassirostris
• Kulemera: 130g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira:

Mbalame yaying'ono ya banja la nkhakao, yogawidwa m'nkhalango za pachilumba cha Sulawesi (Indonesia). Zimaswana pamalo okwera mpaka 1400 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 29-30, kulemera - 130 magalamu.

Indonesi hawk cuckoo anayang'ana china chake

Asayansi sanadziwebe kuti ndi mtundu uti wa nkhuku womwe amatulutsa mazira.Amaganiziridwa kuti amene angathe kumusamalira ndi drongo.

Cuckoo wofiira

Cockoo wofiyira m'mawere amadya mphutsi

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus solitarius
• Kulemera: 120-125 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kukula (kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 28, kulemera - 120-125 magalamu).

Cockoo wokhala ndi chifuwa chofiira amakhala pamtengo

Mutu ndi mchira wa cuckoo wopaka utoto wa graphite, kumbuyo ndi imvi. Bokosi lofiirira lopepuka limakhala ndi mizere yofiirira. Mtundu wa imvi umachotseredwa ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu yoyera. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhaka yofiirira yofiira ndi malo akulu owoneka bwino a bulauni pakhosi.

Anthu ambiri okhala ndi matako ofiira ku South Africa amakhala ku South Africa. Amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Malo okhala Cuckoo ndi nkhalango.

Cockoo chofiyira chofiira

Mbalame zokhala ndi mawere ofiira zimakhala zokha, sizisonkhana m'magulu. Ataponya dzira pachisa cha mbalame ina (ma passerines nthawi zambiri amakhala makolo owalera), nkhaka imachotsedwa pamalo pake ndipo sabwerera kudera lakale. Pa clutch imodzi, nkhaka imabweretsa mazira 20 ofakuwa. Amawanyamula kupita nawo ku zisa zapafupi. Nthawi zambiri, magaleta achikazi amapangika.

Cockoo wakuda

Cockoo wakuda ndi wowopsa komanso wokongola

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus clamosus
• Kulemera: 135-145 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalameyi imalemera magalamu 135-155, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 35. Ino ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yowala, yopaka utoto wakuda. Mapulogalamu a Cuculus clamosus clamosus amavala maula akuda okhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyaka pachifuwa. Mbalame za subspecies Cuculus clamosus gabonensis ndi zakuda zokhala ndi pakhosi lofiira komanso mozungulira oyera pamimba pawo. Cockoo wakuda amakhala kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Сlamosus - mbalame zosamukira ku Marichi kupita ku West kapena Central-East Africa. Сlamosus gabonensis amakhala moyo wongokhala.

Chithunzi cha nkhaka yakuda

Cockoo wakuda amayikira mazira mu mbalame zosachepera 22. Mitundu yayikulu ya aphunzitsi ndi nyimbo yofiyira-kakhanda kofiyira ndi kambalo ka ku Itiyopiya.

Indian cockoo

Indian cockoo apita kuuluka kapena ayi

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus micropterus
• Kulemera: 120g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Indian cockoo ndi mbalame yosamukira. Amasamukira ku India ndi Indonesia nyengo yachisanu. M'nthawi yachilimwe chimakhala kum'mawa kwa China, nthawi zina imawuluka m'dera la m'nkhalango zazitali kwambiri za Far East. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi wogontha komanso wamba wamba, kusiyana kokhako ndikuti palibe madera ofiira pamapulogalamu. Thupi la mbalameyo ndi lofiirira; malire a mchirawo ndi lakuda. Mikwingwirima yakuda yopyapyala ili pachifuwa.

Wobisika Indian Cuckoo

Cockeo waku India amakhala ndi moyo wobisika, wobisika. Zochepa sizodziwika za chikhalidwe ndi momwe mbalameyo imakhalira. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amadziwa kuti amangoikira mazira 20 pamnyengo ndipo amawayika kwa mbalame zamtundu. Komabe, mazira ena samaponyedwa.

Cackoo wamba

Cackoo wamba pamtengo wopanda masamba

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus canorus
• Kulemera: 90-190 g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mbalame ndi banja la cuckoo. Masanjawa ndi ochulukirapo ndipo akuphatikiza zambiri ku Europe, Asia Little, Siberia, Korea, China, zilumba za Kuril ndi Japan.

1. S. s. Canorus - amakhala ku Scandinavia, Kumpoto kwa Russia ndi Siberia, Japan, Chigawo cha Iberian, Central Asia. Nyengo zakumwera kumwera kwa Asia ndi Africa.
2. C. c. Bakeri - zisa ku Asia ndi Indonesia.
3. C. c. bangsi - Zambiri: Peninsula ya Iberia, Zilumba za Balearic, Kumpoto kwa Africa. Amasamukira ku South Africa kukazizira.
4. C. c. Subtelephonus - yogawidwa ku Central Asia. Amakhala nthawi yachisanu ku South Asia komanso pakati pa Africa.

Cackoo wamba pamtengo

Mbalame yotalika pakatikati sikotalika masentimita 34 ndipo imalemera mpaka magalamu zana limodzi. Akuluakulu amuna, kumbuyo ndi imvi. Khosi ndi chifuwa chapamwamba ndizophulika. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Akazi ndi amitundu iwiri: amodzi mwaiwo ndi utoto wofanana ndi wamphongo (kusiyana kokhako ndiko kukhalapo kwa nthenga zofiirira kumbuyo kwa mkazi ndi kofiyira pakhosi), lachiwiri ndi losiyana ndi laimuna - thupi lakumwambali ndi lofiira ndipo kotsika ndiko kirimu. Zosangalatsa zakuda zilipo kumbuyo ndi m'mimba. Mu mbalame zazing'ono, maula ndi owoneka bwino.

Chithunzi cha cuckoo wamba pa waya wachitsulo

Mu cockoo wamba, mizera yopingasa yakuda imakhalapo pamimba ndi gawo lotsika la mapiko. Mchirawo umakhala wopindika, wautali. Mapiko kumapeto awaloza, lalitali. Miyendo yake ndiyifupi, wandiweyani. Mbalameyo ikakhala, ndizovala zazikulu zachikaso zokha zomwe zimawonekera kwa wowonerera.

Ndiponso, nkhaka wamba pa waya

Cockoo wamba amaikira mazira amitundu 300 kwa mbalame. Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri a ornithologists, zazimayi zina za cockoo wamba zimakonda kuponyera mazira awo kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi mazira amtundu womwewo.

African wamba cockoo

African wamba cockoo pa nthambi youma

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus gularis
• Kulemera: 100-110g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame zachikulire zimalemera magalamu 110, zokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 32 sentimita. Mtundu wa maula ndizofanana ndi nkhokwe wamba, kusiyana kokha ndikugawa kwamtundu wachikaso ndi wakuda pamlomo. Azimayi aku Africa alibe zilembo zofiira kumisana zawo, koma pali mawanga amtundu wamakina m'makosi awo.

Chithunzi cha African wamba cockoo pamwala

Coco wa ku Africa amakhala kumwera kwa Africa. Mumakhala zisa zazikulu, mapiri otseguka. Zopewera zipululu komanso malo owuma. Amayika mazira ake amtambo mu zisa za akulira maliro.

Makutu osamva kapena cuckoo amodzi

Matchuko am'mutuyu adamva china chake

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus optatus
• Kulemera: 90-100g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kukula, kulemera pafupifupi 90 g. Kuyang'ana kawiri kaciko wamba: Maonekedwe, machitidwe ndi machitidwe ake ndi ofanana ndi ake. Amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Amabadwira ku conifence okhala ku Siberia, Urals ndi Far East. Kwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira ku Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia.

Cockoo wamawu amodzi watopa ndikukhala pansi

Cockeo ogontha amatchedwa chifukwa chifukwa chimapangitsa phokoso losamveka. Nthawi yakuswana, imayembekezera nthawi zina mbalame zina zikagwada. Amayika mazira makamaka mu zisa za mitundu yokhudzana kwambiri ndi mbalame - warbler.

Ogontha osamva pa nthambi

Ma dimorphism ogonana ndi ofooka, amuna ndi akazi omwe ndi ofanana, ali ndi utoto chimodzimodzi nthawi yozizira. M'chilimwe, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana. Akazi amakhala ndi nthenga zambiri zofiirira, pomwe amuna amakhala ndi khungu lam'mbuyo, ndipo thupi lonse limakhala lofiirira.

Cuculus saturatus

Cuculus saturatus panthambi yokokedwa

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus saturatus
• Kulemera: 90-100g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame yaying'ono yomwe imakonda kukhala yokhayokha. Kulemera kwa mwamuna wamkulu ndi magalamu 90, kutalika kwa thupi - 08 centimeter.

Gawoli - Gawo kuchokera ku Himalayas kupita ku China ndi Taiwan. Nyengo ku South Asia. M'mbuyomu, cuckoo wogontha anali m'gulu la mitunduyi. Mbalame zimakhala m'malo amitengo kumapeto kwa mapiri. Phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi cuckoo silofanana ndi mawu omwe opangidwa ndi wamba wamba. Nyimboyi ili ndi makonsonenti ogontha komanso mavawelo osachepera.

Habitat Cuculus saturatus

Monga mitundu ina ya ma cockoos ndi tiziromboti. Amaponyera mazira ku chops. Mazira ndi ang'ono, ofiira-kirimu okhala ndi mitundu yambiri yofiyira. Mtundu wa maula ndizovuta. Mimba ndi bere zimakhala zonona ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yayitali. Mapikowo ndi a bulawuni wakumbuyo, kumbuyo ndi bulauni. Pali mawanga oyera pa "mapewa".

Malungo a probe cuckoo

Mwana waku Malaysia probe cuckoo

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus lepidus
• Kulemera: 90-100g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 30, kulemera - 100 magalamu. Mutu, mmero ndi chifuwa ndi imvi zakuda. Mimba imakhala yotsekemera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yambiri. Mchirawo ndi wakuda ndi woyera. Akazi amakhala ndi malo akuda kumbuyo kwawo, m'mimba ndi pachifuwa.

Malangizo a projekeo aku Malawi

Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala ku Southeast Asia. M'mbuyomu, mitunduyi inali gawo la gulu la Cuculus saturatus limodzi ndi Himalayan ndi agonthi osamva. Tsopano amatengedwa ngati mitundu ina.

1. Cuculus lepidus lepidus - amakhala ku India, China, Indonesia.
2. Cuculus lepidus insulindae amapezeka ku Borneo.

Chiwerengero cha mbalame chimachepetsedwa pang'ono, koma kumayambiriro kwambiri kunena za kutha kwa anthu.

Cockoo kakang'ono

Cockoo kakang'ono paminga

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus poliocephalus
• Kulemera: 90g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ku Asia ndi zilumba za Indonesia. Madera ochepa amapezeka ku Southern Primorye ya Russia. Kwa nthawi yozizira imawulukira ku East Africa ndi ku Sri Lanka. Mbalame imadyanso tizilombo, ndi namwino wankhalango. Zimagwira zisa za mbalame zina, makamaka oimira gulu loyimba.

Cockoo kakang'ono kamakhala pamwamba pa nthambi

Cockoo yaying'ono ndiyofanana kukula ndi nyenyezi. Kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 25, kulemera kwa magalamu 70-90. Mtundu wa imvi ndi imvi yoyera, yakuda komanso yofiirira. Mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda wokhala ndi malo akulu oyera oyera. Pamimba pali mikwingwirima yakuda. Mu nyama zazing'ono, malo achikasu amapezeka kumbuyo kwa mutu. Cockoo yaying'ono imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame za banja lankhaka la Cockoo ndi ndege yodabwitsa - mbalameyo ikuwoneka kuti ikuphira.

Cuckoo ya Madagascar

Madagascar Little Cuckoo adzagwa posachedwa

• Dzina lachi Latin: Cuculus rochii
• Kulemera: 90g
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Mbalame yaying'ono yolemera 90 magalamu komanso kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 28. Ili ndi thupi loonda, mchira wautali ndi mapiko. Imapaka utoto wonyezimira wakuda ndi kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yoyera, ya bulauni, ya kirimu.

Madacheya Cuckoo a Madagascar amaphika mapiko ake

Mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu zimakhala ku Madagascar. Komabe, kunja kwanyengo yoswana, mbalame zimawulukira kuzilumba za Indian Ocean (Buruni, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia). Mumakhala nkhalango, mapiri.

Kodi cockoo amamuopa ndani

Cuckoo masika

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zazikulu zimagwera nyama kapena mbalame zodyedwa chifukwa chothawa mosachedwa. Kufanana kwina ndi kambuku - kumathandiza kupewa ngozi. Mbalame zazing'ono ndi nkhunda, kuwona cockoo patali, ndikuganiza molakwika ngati zodyera, zimabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Mdani wolumbira wa nkhakao - Oriole

Cuckoos amakhala ozunzidwa a Orioles, shrikes, warblers, ndi grey flycatchers. Nthawi zambiri, nkhakayi imavutika ndi mbalamezi zikafuna kubzala dzira lake pachisa chawo. Anapiye ang'ono omwe akungophunzira kuwuluka ali pangozi yoopsa. Zabodza, akambuku ndi ma ntchentche akusaka nyama zazing'ono. Amawononga zisa ndi kuwononga mazira ndi anapiye akhwangwala ndi ma jay. Malinga ndi akatswiri a ornithologists, ndi ana asanu aliwonse a cockoo okha omwe amakhalapo mpaka kutha.

Oopsa marten

Osasamala kulawa cuckoo fox, marten, petting ndi mphaka. Koma kukoma ngati nkhaka sikumabwera kwa nyama, popeza nkhaka zimayesetsa kuti zisagwere pansi.

Chichewa kunyumba

Cuckoo anapiye atuluka pachisa

Makikuku okula amakonda chidwi zakunja ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwera chisa. anapiye agwa asandulika nyama, monga makolo omulera sathamangira kuthandiza.

Chikokocho chosankhidwa chitha kudyetsedwa kunyumba. Amadziwika kuti

Cuckoos ndi mbalame zoteteza. Muyenera kuwadyetsa chakudya chamagulu. AT

kuthengo, maziko azakudya ndi mbozi. Nyama zazing'ono zimadya kwambiri komanso nthawi zambiri. AT

patsiku amadya pafupifupi 50 mbozi. Ndipo amafunsira kudya theka lililonse la ola. Cuckoo wogwidwa

zodyetsedwa ndi mphutsi za ufa, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo azitsamba. Ngati sichidziwika

chakudya cha mbalame, kenako nyama yopaka yosakanizidwa ndi dzira laiwisi, chakudya chamadzimadzi cha

agalu ndi amphaka. chakudya zamzitini.

Zilibe kanthu kwa anapiye omwe amadyetsa anzawo. Amatsegula pakamwa pawo mosangalala munthu akangofika.

Pofika mwezi wa moyo, mwana wankhuku amaphunzira kudya yekha. Mukangofika pa mapiko

amulole amasulidwe. Monga lamulo, cuckoos sangathe kuwonongeka.

Popeza yakula, mbalameyo imawulukira kuthengo nthawi yomweyo.

Zosangalatsa

Cuckoo pakati pa maluwa

1. Cuckoo Scorpion ululu wopanda vuto
2. Munthawi yakusamukira, cockoo popanda kupumula imagunda makilomita 3,500.
3. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha Russia ndi wotchi yamatchuo.
4. Ku Scotland, "Tsiku la Opusa a Epulo" (Epulo 1) amatchedwanso "Tsiku la Cuckoo."
5. Ku Japan, cuckoo akuimira tsoka. Kufuula kwake kozungulira kumayimira moto, njala ndi imfa.
6. Ku Russia, kuli chikhulupiliro: kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe Cockoo amalira, zaka zambiri zatsala kuti ukhale ndi moyo.
7. Amayi amayi akufananitsidwa ndi cuckoo: mkazi amene asiya mwana wake - anachita monga mbalame.

Zizindikiro za nkhaka

Cuckoo pamtengo wakale

Ku Russia, cuckoo adasandutsa chikazi. Malinga ndi nthano ina, mbalame idasinthidwa kukhala chikkoo cha akazi, momwe moyo wabanja sunakhalepo.

Zizindikiro zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe ndi mbalame. Ambiri aiwo ndi osalimbikitsa.

• mbalameyo idawonekera kwa munthu - idikirani zovuta,
• ngati nkhakao adakhala padenga la nyumbayo ndikuyamba kukuwa kwambiri - posachedwa wina amwalira mnyumba muno. Imfa inafanizidwa ndi munthu ndi nkhaka yowuluka pamwamba,
• kumva cockoo kugwa - mwatsoka
• chizindikiro choyipa ngati munthu wamva chikko pambuyo pa Tsiku la Peter (Julayi 12). Kuti chilichonse chisachitike kwa iye, kunali kofunikira kufuula "cuckoo" poyankha. Mbalame ikakhala chete, palibe chomwe chidzachitike,
• ngati mbalame ziwonekera m'khola, izi zimayimira kufa kwa ziweto,
• kuwona cuckoo wakufa kutanthauza kuti munthu adzadutsa zovuta ndi mavuto.
• Mbalame ikauluka pamudzi, ndiye kuti kugunda kumabweretsa bingu,
• nkhaka idawulukira mnyumba - zikutanthauza kuti wina wabanja ali pamavuto akulu,
• kuti muwone momwe Cockoo adagwera pazenera ndikugundika - chizindikiro choyipa chomwe chimalonjeza tsoka lomwe anthu ambiri adzafa.

• ngati munthu amva kwa nthawi yoyamba mchaka chimodzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga cholingacho ndipo chidzachitikadi.
• ngati mugwedeza chikwama chanu mukuyimba chikko, ndalama sizidzasinthidwa kwa pafupifupi chaka china,
• mudziwe nyengo ndikulira kwa cuckoo. Nthawi zambiri imawulukira mbalame nyengo yabwino, yabwino,
• kwambiri m'mene nkhakoo zimayimba, msika ubwera mwachangu,
• ngati cockoo imalira mofuula, ndiye kuti kugwa mvula posachedwa.

Pali miyambi yambiri ndi zonena zambiri za nkhaka. imodzi mwa "Usiku Cuckoo idya tsiku." Tanthauzo la mawu ndikuti: usiku wa nkhakao akuimira mkazi wanzeru, tsikulo - apongozi ake, omwe amalepheretsa mpongozi wawoyo. Amadziwika kuti m'chilengedwe mbalame za cockoo pafupifupi sizilankhula, mawu awo panthawiyi amakhala chete komanso osalankhula. Masana, mbalamezi sizimangokhala chete. Poyerekeza kuti, mkazi wanzeru amatengera kwambiri mzake kuposa mayi womenya nkhondo (abwenzi, ogwira nawo ntchito, abwana). Mkazi wanzeru komanso modekha amafotokozera mwamunayo momwe angachitire bwino. Amati: mkazi "adzapopa".

Vocalization

Cuckoo cuckoo

Amuna okha ndi omwe amatha kuphika. Cuckoos nthawi zambiri amapanga phokoso lokhalokha lomwe limamveka wamwamuna yekha. Amuna amalankhula makamaka munyengo yakukhwima. Ndi nyimbo zawo zosangalatsa, amakopa chidwi cha omwe ali nawo.

Mawu a chikhulupiriro chopusitsidwa

Mbalame zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi nkhaka zotsika. Kufuula kwawo, komwe kumatulutsa mamita ambiri mozungulira, kumamveka ngakhale usiku. 80% ya mawu amapangidwa ndi mavawelo amtundu wautali.

Pa nyengo yakuswana, abambo a mtundu wa hawk cuckoo amalira mofuula. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana. Cholemba choyambira chimakhala chotsika, chachiwiri chimachotsa ma octare awiri ndikukwera ku crescendo, ndiye kulira kumatha. Pambuyo masekondi 5-10, nyimbo imabwereza. Amuna amayimba kuyambira kucha kucha.

Kulira kwawisi waku India

M'miyezi yachilimwe, amphaka a Indian hawk cuckoo amakhala kumalo komwe amakhala akulira mosatulutsa mawu. Panyimbo, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zitatu zomwe zimabwerezedwa masekondi atatu aliwonse. Cholemba choyamba ndi chotsika, chachiwiri ndichokwera kwambiri, chachitatu ndi crescendo. Kenako nyimboyo imatha mwadzidzidzi. Liwu la akazi likugwirika, ndi chiwonetsero chambiri champhamvu. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi mndandanda wa "ku-kkurk - kuuk."

Pa kujambulanso kwa philipo wa Philippines - 5-7. Nyimbo yayikulu imakhala masekondi 1.5-2, imabwereza mpaka 10.Nyimbo zilizonse zatsopano zimamveka kwambiri komanso mwachangu.

Cuckoo wamba watsala pang'ono kunyamuka

Mnzathu amadziwika bwino ndi mawu a wamba wamba. Munthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imafuula "ku-ku" kwambiri m'nkhalango yonse, kubwereza "mawu" maulendo 10-15. Nthawi iliyonse mawu akamveka kwambiri, ndikutsindika silabo yoyamba. Zingwe zamawu zamatchuo wamba zimapangidwa kwambiri. Patsiku lopanda phokoso, nyimbo yake imamvedwa pamtunda wa makilomita awiri. Munthawi yamavuto, ndewu kapena mpikisano, nyimbo yokhala ndi nsapato imathamanga, sonorous, imamveka pafupifupi osayima. Ndikumaimilira pang'ono komanso kupanga phokoso lotsekemera, "cockoo" lalitali, losachedwa limasandulika kukhala "cockoooooo" losasalala. Cuckoos amayimba nyimbo mkati mwa Epulo ndipo amayimba mpaka masiku oyamba a Ogasiti. Pakadali pano, mawu a mbalamezi amamveka bwino. Kunja kwa nyengo yakubzala, mawu a nkhakao ndi agonthi komanso oseketsa.

Akazi amapanga mawu ena. Nyimbo zawo ndizitali matambula, okhala ndi zilembo za 3-4 "Kli-Kli-Kli", "Bill-Bill-Bill". Zachikazi zimayimba nthawi ya kuthawa. Nyimbo yawo imakhala masekondi 2-4, ndiye kupumulanso kwachiwiri kenako nyimboyo imayambanso. Kunja kwa nyengo yakukhwima, zazikazi zimapanga phokoso losangalatsa longa lofananira.

A khutu wogontha sangathe kutchula "cuckoo" chomveka. Nyimbo yake imatikumbutsa kwambiri whistle of whomotive, yokhala ngati "ooo-ooo-oo" kapena "oo-oo-oo-oo-oo." Wamphongo amakhala ndi mawu osalala, otsika; ndipo wamkazi amakhala ndi mawu akuthwa.

Cuculus saturatus amalira

Cuculus saturatus kulira akufotokozedwa ngati mokweza, “ooop-oo-oo-ooop oo”. Chojambula chake ndichopepuka ngati cha khutu lomva, chomwe chimakhala ndi zolemba ziwiri ziwiri, zomwe zimabwerezedwa ka 10 pakadutsa kamodzi.

Amuna Cuckoo amayimba nyimbo nthawi zambiri kuposa zachikazi. Oyimira abambo amayimba nyimbo pakati pa kasupe. Mbalame zimayimba kuthawa, zikakhala pamtengo, "zimalumikizana" ndi zazikazi. Nyimbo yake ndi mawu omveka a "tew-tew-tew" kapena "tew-tew-tew." Nyimbo ya akazi ndiyofatsa, yofulumira, ndikusinthana kwa mitundu yofananira "kuthamanga". Pakatikati pa nyimboyo mumamveka zambiri kuposa silabo yomaliza.

Zambiri zamakanema

Kusintha komaliza kwa zidziwitso: 02.19.18

2002, June - XXIV Moscow International Film Chikondwerero - kutenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano
* Mphoto ya Silver St. George ya Director Wabwino Kwambiri (Alexander Rogozhkin)
* Mphoto ya Silver St George ya Wotchuka Chabwino (Ville Haapasalo)
* Mphotho Yasankha Anthu
* Mphoto ya FIPRESCI
* Mphotho of the Federation of film clubs of Russia

Julayi 2002 - X "Chikondwerero cha Zikondwerero" ku St.
* Grand Prix Gryphon Yabwino Kwambiri

2002, Ogasiti - X chikondwerero cha "Window to Europe" ku Vyborg - kutenga nawo gawo pa mpikisano
* Mphoto yayikulu pa kanema wabwino kwambiri
* Mphotho ya Wogwira Ntchito Chabwino (Annie-Christina Yuuso)

2002, Okutobala - Chikondwerero cha Pulogalamu Yapadziko Lonse "Europa Cinema" ku Viareggio, Italy - kutenga nawo mbali pamsonkhano wapikisano
* Mphoto yayikulu pa kanema wabwino kwambiri
* Mphoto yotsogolera (Alexander Rogozhkin)

2002, Disembala - Mphotho 3 za Golden Aries za National Guild of film Otsutsa ndi Mafilimu Otsutsa:
* for filimu yabwino kwambiri pachaka
* kuti mulembe zabwino kwambiri (Alexander Rogozhkin)
* for Best Actress (Annie-Christina Yuuso)

Mphoto Ya Golden Eagle (2002):
Kanema wabwino kwambiri
Wotsogolera Wabwino Kwambiri (Alexander Rogozhkin)
Zithunzi Zabwino Kwambiri (Alexander Rogozhkin)
Katswiri Wabwino Kwambiri (Victor Bychkov)

2003, Marichi - 4 Mphoto za Nika:
* for filimu yabwino kwambiri pachaka
* pakuwongolera bwino kwambiri (Alexander Rogozhkin)
* for Best Actress (Annie-Christina Yuuso)
* pantchito yabwino kwambiri yojambulayi (Vladimir Svetozarov

2003 - Troy International Film Chikondwerero, Portugal
* Mphoto ya kanema wabwino kwambiri
* Mphotho ya Wogwira Ntchito Chabwino (Annie-Christina Yuuso)

2003 - XI Honfleur Russian Film Chikondwerero, France
* Grand Prix ya kanema wabwino kwambiri
* Mphoto ya Wodziwika bwino (Victor Bychkov)
* Mphotho ya Wogwira Ntchito Chabwino (Annie-Christina Yuuso)