Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) - imodzi mwamtundu wa swans: kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 150-180 masentimita ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 7300-1250 g. Utoto wake ndiwoyera bwino, koma umatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mitundu yofanana chifukwa cha mdomo wakuda. Monga ngwazi zina, zazikazi ndi zazimuna za lipenga zimakhala ndi mtundu womwewo, koma zazikazi ndizocheperako.

Mtundu wa lipenga umakhala m'malo osambira ndi nyanja zazing'ono zatsopano m'dera la taiga, koma nthawi yozizira, ena mwa anthu osambira amaisunga pagombe la nyanja. Sewero la lipenga limakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, koma limangoyambira pomwepo. Kuuluka kwake ndikosangalatsa, koma mwachangu. Lilongwe limasambira ku Alaska komanso kumadzulo kwa Canada, pomwe kumakhala kotentha kugombe lakummwera kwa Alaska ndi kumpoto kwa United States.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Monga nsomba zamtundu wina, Lipenga Amadyetsa chakudya chokha chokha: masamba ndi masamba obiriwira osiyanasiyana am'madzi (maluwa a madzi, algae), njere, ma rhizomes. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ogula malipenga ndi mbatata, amadya nawo pamunda. Swans ndi ma invertebrates am'madzi amadya, komanso nthawi zina amphibians ndi nsomba zazing'ono. M'masabata oyamba amoyo, swans amadya kwambiri ma invertebrates am'madzi: tizilombo ndi mphutsi, mapira, ndi mphutsi. Nthawi zambiri munthu wokonda lipenga amafunafuna chakudya m'madzi, koma samayenda, koma amangomiza mutu ndi khosi m'madzi. Khosi lalitali limamupangitsa kuti azitha kumera mozama kwambiri, ndipo ngati kutalika kwake sikokwanira, chivundikirocho chimayika thupi mokhazikika.

Zochita Pachikhalidwe ndi Kubereka

Lipenga la mbalame za m'madzi limakhala m'makoma awiri ogontha, nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi pamakhala magombe okhala ndi mabango. Swans amakhala ndi awiriawiri, nthawi zina amakhalabe moyo wawo wonse, ndipo mnzake watsopano amawonekera pokhapokha atamwalira wakale. Masamba awiriawiri amakhala amtunda ndipo amakwiya kwambiri kuwoneka kwa mlendo aliyense m'gawo lawo. Chisa cha lipotilo ndi mulu wa mbewa, udzu kapena bango ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madzi osaya kapena pachilumba, m'malo otetezeka a nyanjayi, nthawi zambiri pamakomo a muskrat. M'matumba a mazira 4-8, makulitsidwe amatenga masiku makumi atatu ndi atatu (37), makamaka akazi amkatikati, amphongo nthawi yomweyo amateteza gawo. Anapiye a Swan amaphimbidwa ndi imvi, yomwe imawateteza kuti asanyowe. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zachikulire, nthawi zambiri zimadumphira pansi podyetsa. Nthawi zina swans amakwera kumbuyo kwa kholo limodzi ndikuyenda motere. Amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso kumangika pakatha masiku 84-120. Nthawi yonseyi, malipenga ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mbalame zachikulire, limodzi nawo amawuluka nthawi yozizira, ndipo amabwerera kumalo osungira nyama. Ubwenzi wapakati pa makolo ndi anapiye ukhoza kupitirira mpaka nthawi yotsatira kubereka. Lipenga limafika kukhwima pokhapokha zaka 3-4.

Maonekedwe a lipenga la nyanga

Khungwa la lipoti ndi lalikulu - kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1.4-1.65 mita, koma amuna ena amakula mpaka mamita 1.8.

Kulemera kwa akuluakulu kumasiyana ma kilogalamu 7 mpaka 13.5. Amuna, pafupifupi, amalemera ma kilogalamu 11.8, ndipo zazikazi zimalemera pang'ono - 9.4 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa mapiko ndi mita 1.8-2.5. Khungu lalikulu kwambiri lolembetsedwa linali lolembedwerapo linali ndi kutalika kwa mita 1.83, kulemera kwa kilogalamu 17.2, ndipo mapiko ake anali 3.1 metres.

Zowonjezera mwa achikulire ndi zoyera. Mlomo wa nthumwi zamtunduwu ndi woboola m'maso, wokulirapo komanso wakuda bii, nthawi zina, pafupi ndi tsinde la mulomo umatha kukhala wa pinki. Miyendo yake ndi yotuwa, koma m'mitundu ina imakhala imvi kapena yakuda. Zinyama zazing'ono zosakwana chaka chimodzi zokhala ndi imvi.

Makhalidwe a Swan ndi zakudya

Ayau ali ndi madera awoawo, omwe alendo sakuloledwa. M'chilimwe, akulu molt. Pakasungunuka, mbalame zimataya nthawi zonse maula, kuti zisathe kuuluka. Akazi molt kale mwezi kuposa abambo.

Swala wa Trumpeter amadya zam'madzi zam'madzi - zimayambira ndi masamba a pansi pamadzi ndi zomera pamtunda. Pansi pa malo osungira, mbalame zimatulutsa timizu ndi mizu. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zamtunduwu zimadya tirigu m'minda kapena udzu.

Mbalame zimadyetsa zonse masana ndi usiku. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zam'munda, nsomba, crustaceans ndi caviar zimaphatikizidwanso muzakudya. Chakudyachi chili ndi mapuloteni ambiri omwe amafunikira.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Lipenga la Trumpeter limapanga ma banja kwa moyo wonse. Chisa chimamangidwa pachilumba chaching'ono kapena masamba oyandama. Chisa chimodzi cha mbalame chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira mu Epulo-Meyi. Nthawi zambiri, imakhala ndi mazira a 4-6, koma pakhoza kukhala atatu kapena ochulukirapo - 12. Mazira a malipenga ndi akulu, amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 320. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 37. Kubisala kumachitika makamaka ndi wamkazi.

Makungu amatha kale kusambira patsiku lachiwiri la moyo. Kukula kwachichepere kumayamba ali ndi miyezi inayi.

Kuthengo, kutalikirana kwa mbalame zokongola zoterezi ndi zaka 25-28, ndipo m'ndende zolondolera malipenga amakhala zaka 33-35.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Kumene kubadwa kwa lipenga la nyanga ya nkhosa ndi North America. Mbalame zimakhala makamaka kumpoto chakumadzulo komanso pakati pa kontinenti. Kummwera, gawoli limafikira ku Texas ndi Southern California. Gawo laling'ono la anthulo limayimiriridwa ku Alaska. Malo achilengedwe achilengedwewo ndi tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra. Aspikoti a Trumpeter amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zopanda komanso bata, mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono.

Zizindikiro zakunja

Sewero la lipenga ndi lalikulu kwambiri pamwala wamadzi womwe ulipo. Kutalika kwa matupi aanthu akuluakulu kumayambira ku 140 mpaka 165. Mwamuna wamkulu kwambiri yemwe amadziwika ndi sayansi anali kutalika kwa masentimita 180. Kulemera kwa mbalame kumayambira 7 mpaka 13.5 kg. Ngati chikwanje chitatambasulira mapiko ake oyera kumbali, chingaoneke ngati chimphona chenicheni. Mapiko awo amafika mpaka pakati pa 2.5. Zowoneka za akuluakulu ndi zoyera ngati chipale, ndipo mbalame zazing'ono zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Chizindikiro pa lipenga la nyanga ya lipenga ndi mlomo wake wamphamvu wakuda. Ndi mwa anthu okhaokha pomwe mtambo ungakhale wowoneka bwino mkati mwa mulomo. Mwachidule pokhudzana ndi miyendo yayikulu - yakuda. Amuna ndi akazi ndiosadziwika bwino. M'makhalidwe awo komanso mawonekedwe, mbalamezi zimafanana kwambiri ndi whooper swan.

Moyo

Lipenga la nyanga limadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawu omwe amapangidwa pakulankhulana. Zimamveka pamtunda wautali ndipo zimathandiza mbalame kuti zizilumikizana nthawi zonse. Mankhwala ochulukirapo komanso kuchuluka kwa fluff kumapangitsa kuti nsombazi zizigwira kutentha kwambiri. Amasungunula kamodzi pachaka.

Kwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi amalephera kuuluka. Swans amadya pamadzi: amathira pamadzi, amatenga zomera za algae ndi zina zam'madzi kuchokera pansi. Amatha kudya ma bollusks ndi crustaceans ang'ono. Gulu la mbalame zouluka limapanga mphero ya V.

Monga ma swans onse, uku ndi mawonekedwe owoneka monyoza. Awiriawiri amapangika chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo nesting kwa zaka zingapo. Akazi amatha kuikira mazira atatu mpaka 12, omwe amapanga masiku 32-37. Ngakhale makolo onse amasamalira mwana, mayi yekha ndi amene amasuntha. Pakatha masiku awiri amphaka atabadwa paulendo wawo woyima pawokha, moyang'aniridwa ndi akulu. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri, amatha kupeza chakudya ndi kudya pawokha. Amavala chovala chakale wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi.

Mbalame zimakhala ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe omwe amadyera akulu ndi mazira ndi anapiye. Pakati pawo - wolverine, baribal, nkhandwe imvi, otter, mink, owl mphungu ndi ena ambiri.

Pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri padziko lapansi, swan ndi chizindikiro cha maubale okondana, chikondi ndi kukhulupirika. Mbalamezi zimakongoletsa zovala za manja ndi mbendera. Wachibale wapamtima wa Horneter swan whooper swan ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lonse la Finland.

Mu Buku Lofiyira

Masiku ano, chiwombankhanga cha mtundu wamtunduwu ndiopseza pang'ono, pali kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kosatha kwa anthu. Komabe, mmbuyo m'zaka za XIX. Sewero la lipenga linali chinthu chosakira pamasewera, ndipo mbalame zimasakanso nthenga. Kuphatikiza apo, achichepere amasamala kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XX. Mitunduyo pafupifupi inazimiririka ku USA ndipo inangokhala ku Canada ndi Alaska. Mu 1933, nthumwi za mitundu 62 zokha ndizo zomwe zidakhala ku United States of America. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyesa kobwezeretsa malipenga pamavuto awo kudalibe. Komabe, asayansi pambuyo pake adakwaniritsa cholinga chawo. Kuyambira 1982, pulogalamu yoteteza zachilengedwe yakhala ikuchitika ku Toronto Zoo. Chifukwa chaichi, mazira omwe amatengedwa kuthengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbalame pafupifupi 180 zokhala ndi ukapolo zabwezeretsedwa kumalo awo okhala. Mwambiri, pazaka 30 zapitazi, chiwerengero chawonjezeka pafupifupi 400. Masiku ano, pafupifupi palibe chilichonse chomwe chikuopseza mbalame.

Onani mafotokozedwe

Lipenga ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri. Wamphongo wamkulu amatha kulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu khumi ndi awiri, zazikazi ndizocheperako ndipo kulemera kwawo sikumaposa kilogalamu zisanu ndi zinayi. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame kumakhala kutalika kwa 140 mpaka 170. Makamaka oyimilira akuluakulu amatha kutalika masentimita oposa 180. Mapiko a mapiko ndi pafupifupi 200-230 cm.

Maonekedwe aimuna ndi achikazi ndi ofanana kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kumatha kukhala kukula. Swans a Trumpeter ali ndi maula oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Nthenga zakunja zimakhala zowala kwambiri ndipo zimabisalira nthenga zowuluka, kulola kuti mbalame zizilekerera kutentha pang'ono. Mbalame zazing'ono zosakwana zaka zitatu zimakhala ndi zowuluka zakuda: imvi, bulauni, bulauni, imvi. Matumba a swans ndi mulomo - wakuda. Thunthu lake limasiyanitsidwa ndi chifuwa chowoneka komanso chakuya.

Mbalame zimatengera dzina lawo kapangidwe kapadera ka trachea ndi larynx, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zimapanga mawu ochepa, omveka komanso amphamvu kwambiri, ofanana ndi kuwomba kwa lipenga.

Nthawi zambiri, mawu a woliza lipenga amatha kumvekanso ngakhale makilomita angapo.

Mverani mawu a lipenga

Koma kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha asodzi a lipenga kumalephereka ndi chiwonjezeko cha chiwerengero cha aswidi osalankhula, popeza oimira am'banjali amalimbirana kwambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziyembekezo zakuchulukitsa anthu ndizokwera kwambiri. Masiku ano, pafupifupi mbalame 19,000 za mbalamezi zimakhala ku North America.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Zosiyanasiyana komanso malo okhala

Kuyambira mu 1968, kubwerezedwa mu 1975, kenako ndikuchitika patadutsa zaka 5, kuwunika kosinthika kwa lipenga lolimbana ndi lipenga lomaliza lomwe lidachitika mchaka cha 2015. Kafukufukuyu akuwerengera za kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi mitundu itatu pamitundu yonse itatu yotchuka ku North America: Pacific Coast (PCP), Rocky Mountain (RMP) ndi Interior (IP) (onani chithunzi) Kuyambira mu 1968 mpaka 2010, kuchuluka kwa anthu kuyambira 3,722 mpaka mbalame 46,225, makamaka chifukwa chobwezeretsanso mbiri yake osiyanasiyana.

Malo awo osungirako nyama ndi malo osaya kwambiri, nyanja zamadzi, mapiri osambira, mitsinje yambiri komanso malo osunthira kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi pakati pa North America, ndikuthekera kwakukulu kopezeka ku Alaska. Amakonda malo okhala ndi malo okhala kuti azikhala ndi madzi okwanira kuti azichotse, komanso chakudya chopezeka, osaya, madzi osasamba, komanso kusoweka pang'ono kwa anthu. Kuchulukana kwachilengedwe kwamadambo awa kusamukira ku gombe la Pacific ndi mbali zina za United States, kukuwuluka gulu lowoneka ngati V. Anthu omasulidwa nthawi zambiri samakhala osamuka.

M'nyengo yozizira, amasamukira kum'mwera kwa Canada, madera akum'mawa chakumadzulo kwa United States, makamaka dera la Red Rock Lakes ku Montana, dera la Puget Sound kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Washington, adawonanso mpaka kumwera ngati Pagosa Springs, Colorado Mbiri, asintha mpaka kufika kumwera ku Texas ndi kumwera kwa California. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zitsanzo ku Museum of Comparative Zoology ku Cambridge, yomwe idapangidwa ndi FB Armstrong mu 1909 ku Matamorosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Kuyambira 1992, ma swala apolice apezeka ku Arkansas Novembara lirilonse - febru ku Magness Lake kunja kwa Heber Springs. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2017, nkhwangwa yocheperako idakhazikika mumtsinje wa French Broad ku Asheville, North Carolina, ndikuwona koyamba kuwonekera m'dera lino.

Ma switter osasunthira osunthika adayambitsidwanso mwaluso m'magawo a Oregon komwe sizinachitike koyambirira. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo kwachilengedwe, ali oyenera kuti mafoni am'madzi azikopa olondera mbalame ndi okonda nyama zamtchire. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yowonjezereka kumadera akumadzulo, mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu pulogalamu ya Oregon Trumpeter Swan (OTSP), yatsutsidwanso, koma kwakukulu, kukopa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pamitundu yoyambira yamitundu iliyonse.

Zakudya

Mbalamezi zimadyetsa ndikusambira, nthawi zina zisanamalize maphunziro kapena zisanachitike kuti zitheke chakudya. Zakudya zake ndizomera zam'madzi zokha. Amadya ngati masamba ndi zitsamba za masamba obiriwira komanso okhala pamtunda. Adzakumba m'matope pansi pamadzi kuti atenge mizu ndi ma tubers. M'nyengo yozizira, amathanso kudya udzu ndi udzu m'minda. Nthawi zambiri amadya usiku, komanso masana. Kudyetsa ntchito ndi kulemera kwa mbalame nthawi zambiri kumafika mpaka kumapeto kwa masika, pamene akukonzekera nyengo yobereketsa. Achichepere amadya tizilombo, tinsomba tating'ono, mazira a nsomba ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono, pamodzi ndi mbewu poyambira, ndikupatsanso mapuloteni ena, kusintha kwa masamba malinga ndi zakudya m'miyezi yoyambirira.

Kuswana

Monga swans zina, woliza malipenga nthawi zambiri amakwatirana moyo wawo wonse, ndipo makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali polera ana awo, koma choyambirira, zazikazi zimasaka mazira. Maanja ambiri amapanga mabanja osambira ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 7, ngakhale mabanja ena samakhala mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 20. "Maukwati," monga mukudziwa, pakati pa mbalame, momwemo abwenzi azidzakhala amwano nthawi zonse, okhala ndi abwenzi oswana mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, womuthandizira wake akamwalira, chiwombankhanga chachimuna sichingavundikenso kwa moyo wake wonse. Zomanga zambiri zimachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo ndi Meyi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 3-12, kuchokera pa anai kufikira asanu ndi mmodzi kukhala pafupifupi pampweya wazomera pachilumba chaching'ono, pa beaver kapena muskrat lodge, kapena nsanja yoyandama paminda yazomera. Malo omwewo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo, ndipo onse awiriwo amathandizira kumanga chisa. Chidacho chimakhala ndi udzu waukulu, udzu wotseguka, udzu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi am'madzi osiyanasiyana ndipo kuchokera mulifupi mwake kuchokera ku 1.2 mpaka 3.6 mamita (3.9 mpaka 11.8 mapazi), chomaliza pambuyo pobwereza. Mazira ndi ma milimita 73 (mainchesi 2.9) m'lifupi, 113.5 mm (4.5 mainchesi), ndipo kulemera kwake pafupifupi 320 g (11.3 ounces). Mazira, mwina ochulukirapo kuposa mbalame zonse zouluka, ali ndi moyo masiku ano, poyerekeza ndi kukula ndi 20% kuposa kulemera kwa Andes condors ( Vultur gryphus ), yofika kulemera komweko kwa akulu, ndi kulemera koposa kuwirikiza ndi KORI bustard ( Ardeotis KORI ) Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imakhala ndi masiku 32 mpaka 37, yokonzedwa ndi akazi, ngakhale nthawi zina yamphongo. Achinyamata amatha kusambira kwa masiku awiri ndipo, monga lamulo, amatha kudzidyetsa pakatha milungu iwiri. Gawo la plumage limafikira pamiyezi pafupifupi 3 mpaka 4. Panthawiyo, zisa, ma swala olira amakhala osazungulira ndikuzunza nyama zina, kuphatikiza ndi achibale, omwe amalowa m'malo awo okhalamo.

Akuluakulu amabera nthawi yachilimwe akasiya nthenga zouluka.Zazikazi zimathawa pakangopita nthawi yochepa; zazimuna zimadutsa patatha mwezi wathunthu, zazikazi zikamaliza kusungunuka.

Kufa

Ali ku ukapolo, ziwalo zamtunduwu zidapulumuka zaka 33, ndipo kuthengo, zidakhala zaka zosachepera 24. Ma swala achichepere achichepere amatha kukhala ndi mwayi wochepera 40% wamoyo wopulumuka chifukwa chamitundu yosokoneza ndi chiwonongeko cha anthu, kuneneratu, zisa zamadzi ndi njala. M'madera ena, kubereka bwino kumakhala kokulirapo, ndipo nthawi zina ma Cygnets onse amatha kufikira kukhwima. Kufa kwa anthu akuluakulu kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kupulumuka pafupifupi 80-100% pachaka ngati sakusaka anthu. Zidole za Egg swan lipenga zimaphatikizapo khwangwala wamba ( Corvus corax ), fodya wamba ( Procyon lotor ), Wolverine ( Gulo gulo ), Chimbalangondo chakuda ku America ( Ursus atepsapis ), Brown chimbalangondo ( Ursus arctos ), coyote ( Canis latrans ), nkhandwe ( Canis lupus ), mikango yamapiri ( Puma Conkolor ), ndi otter river river Lontra waku Canada ) Malo otetezedwa amatha kuteteza pang'ono ku nyama zambiri zomwe zimadyera, makamaka ngati zili pachilumba kapena pamadzi oyandama pamadzi akuya. Zinyama zambiri zomwe zimadyera nyama zimadyera ana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kubowola kambuku ( Chelhydra Serpentine ), California Gull ( Larus calhumeleleicus ), kadzidzi wamkulu wa chiwombankhanga ( Bubo virginianus ), nkhandwe ( Vulpes vulpes ) ndi mink waku America ( Mustela vison ) Zoyipa zazikulu, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, achikulire omwe akuweta atha kuthamangitsidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide ( Achila chrysaetos ), lynx ( Lynx Rufus ), ndipo mwina amakonda nkhandwe ndi mimbulu imvi. Pamene mazira ndi ana awo ali pachiwopsezo, makolo amatha kukhala ankhanza, kuyamba kuwonetsa kugwedeza ndikusiya mitu yawo. Ngati izi sizokwanira, ndiye kuti akuluakulu azitha kulimbana ndi mdaniyo, akumenyetsa mapiko awo amphamvu ndikuthamangitsa ngongole zawo zazikulu, ndipo adatha kupha olusa pamlingo wawo wambiri pazotsutsa. Kuwonongeratu okalamba pakakhala kuti sikusowa chisa, ngakhale atasaka golide ndi chiwombankhanga, ngakhale zambiri mwazowawa sizabwino. Zithunzi za Bald Eagle ( chiwombankhanga leucocephalus ) Kuwombera wamkulu wowombera wamkulu pakubwera pakati watengedwa posachedwa, ngakhale bulu watha kupulumuka poyeserera.

Malo osungira

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mtunduwu unali pafupi kuwonongeka - mbalame 69 zokha zomwe zidatsala ku USA mu 1932. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziwerengero zotere kunachitika chifukwa chofuna kusaka kwambiri komanso kusinthanitsa nthenga ndi zikopa za lipenga. Kuletsedwa kwathunthu kosaka ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe angapo kwapangitsa kuti anthu owerengera lipenga akhazikikenso, zikukula mpaka pano. Ku United States, mitundu yamtunduwu amasinthidwa ngakhale kuchoka pachiwopsezo kupita ku gulu losowa.

Chiwerengero

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, kusesa kwa malipenga kunali mtundu wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa anthu pafupifupi amafafaniza anthu onse. Zaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kukuchulukirachulukira. Nthawi yomweyo, mitengo ya kukula ikuchulukirachulukira.

Koma kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha asodzi a lipenga kumalephereka ndi chiwonjezeko cha chiwerengero cha aswidi osalankhula, popeza oimira am'banjali amalimbirana kwambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziyembekezo zakuchulukitsa anthu ndizokwera kwambiri. Masiku ano, pafupifupi mbalame 19,000 za mbalamezi zimakhala ku North America.

Habitat

• madambo ndi nyanja,
• madera okhala ndi mitsinje,
• mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono.

Ndi okhawo omwe amakhala ku Alaska omwe amasamukira kwawo. Amawulukira kumwera kwenikweni kwa chilumbacho ndikupita kumpoto kwa United States. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala kumpoto komanso kumadzulo kwa Canada sikuuluka chifukwa cha dzinja.

Chitetezo

Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, mbalamezi zinkakhala ku Canada komanso ku United States kwamakono. Koma chifukwa chakusaka kwawo mwachidwi, kuchuluka kwa anthuwa kudagwa kwambiri. Anasakidwa kuti apeze nyama yokoma, komanso ma fluff ofunikira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Adapanga mapilo, zodzikongoletsera, zogwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Kusaka kwambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa madera omwe mbalamezi zinkakhala, zidabweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni. Asayansi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiriwa adatha kuwerengetsa anthu 70 okha.

Kusaka mbalamezi nkoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, malo angapo apangidwe. Ntchito yosungira ma subspecies aja sinapite pachabe. Masiku ano, mabanja awa alipo pafupifupi 30,000. Koma, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chawo chikukula, kuletsa kuwonongedwa kwawo kukukakamabe. Zosungira siziteteza mbalame zokha, komanso zimawathandiza kulera anapiye. Kuphatikiza apo, minda ndi malo osungira ana zikuwonjezeka.

Zosangalatsa

Habitat

Aswidi a Trumpeter amakhala kumadera akumwera kumpoto kwa America, amakhala mu tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo opezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi:

• Madzi
• Mitsinje yambiri yoyenda pang'onopang'ono,
• Limanov,
• Njira
• Tsegulani madambo.

Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimakhala ku Alaska zomwe zimasamukira. Amakhala nthawi yozizira kum'mwera kwa chilumba ndi kumpoto kwa United States. Swans okhala kumadera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa Canada amakhalabe nthawi yozizira m'malo oswana.