Asayansi akuti mitundu yambiri ya zomera, zinyama, mbalame ndi tizilombo tosowa padziko lapansi mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe chilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti timataya mitundu 10 mpaka 130 tsiku lililonse.

Mu lipoti lomwe linatulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010, bungwe la UN Commission on Biodiversity limaunikira zakusintha koopsa kwa nyama zamtchire. Wolemba lipotili akufanizira zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma dinosaurs zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo.

Masiku ano, zopitilira 40% za zolengedwa zonse za padziko lapansi zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha. Ngati ziwonongekozi zikapitiliza kapena kufutukula, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe ili pangozi m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi kukhale mamiliyoni. Inde, uwu ndi nthawi yolingalira kwa aliyense wokhala padzikoli, chifukwa kutha kwa mitundu ina mosiyanasiyana kumabweretsa mavuto azachilengedwe, ndikuwopseza kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe chonse cha Dziko Lapansi.

Lero tikuwonetsa mitundu 25 ya nyama yomwe imadziwika kuti ikutha, ndikuyerekeza dziko lamtchire popanda iwo ...

1. Koala

Zowopsa: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa a ku Koala Foundation ya ku Australia (chidziwitso cha 2008), pafupifupi 100,000 a Koalas amakhalabe kuthengo.

Koala anali atasakidwa mwachangu mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Zikopa mamiliyoni zikopa agulitsidwa ku Europe ndi United States.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa koalas kudachitika ku Queensland mu 1915, 1917 ndi 1919, kenako nyama zoposa miliyoni imodzi zidaphedwa ndi zida, ziphe ndi malupu. Kuphedwa kumeneku kunadzetsa phokoso lalikulu anthu ndipo mwina inali vuto lalikulu kwachilengedwe kuchitira anthu aku Australia. Komabe, ngakhale panali gulu lomwe likukulira kuteteza zachilengedwe, umphawi ndi njala zomwe zidayamba chifukwa cha chilala cha 1926-1928 zidadzetsa kupha kwinanso. Pakupita mwezi umodzi kuchokera kutsegulidwa kwa nyengo yosaka mu Ogasiti 1927, koalas 600,000 adawonongedwa.

Masiku ano, zomwe zikuwopseza kupulumuka kwa mitunduyi ndi izi: zoyipa zakumizinda, kuwonongeka kwa malo, kugwera kwa chomera cha chomera cha ealas - eucalyptus, ngozi zapamsewu, ndi kugwidwa ndi agalu. Chaposachedwa, madera ena a koala agundidwa kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana, makamaka chlamydia. Chlamydia wa koalas amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe amunthu, amatha kubweretsa khungu komanso kusabereka. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti osachepera 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka chlamydia ndi retrovirus, omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chazinyama.

2. Chimpanzi

Mkhalidwe: pangozi .

Zowopsa: M'zaka 20-30 zapitazi, kuchepa mwachangu kwa anthu achimpanicho kwawonedwa, zoneneratu zamtsogolo sizolimbikitsa.

Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anyaniwa kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo (ulimi wotsika-ndi-kuwotcha, kudula mitengo yayitali), kuba chifukwa chobzala nyama ndi malonda osaloledwa mwa ana a ng'ombe. Posachedwa, matenda opatsirana akhala choopsa kwambiri kwa anyani. Chowonadi ndichakuti chimpanzi amatenga matenda amunthu, ndipo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana pakati pawo ndi anthu, pakuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa odwala.

3. Amur tiger

Mkhalidwe: pangozi.

Zowopsa: M'zaka za 30 za XX, chiwerengero cha akambuku a Amur sichidaposa anthu 50, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena - osaposa 20-30. Zochita mwadongosolo kuti zisungidwe zamtunduwu pofika m'ma 1980 zibala zipatso, chiwerengero cha nyama chawonjezeka mpaka 200.

Choopseza chachikulu pakupezeka kwa amphaka akuluakulu akhala akuchenjerera nthawi zonse. Fupa la tiger pamsika wakuda waku China ndilofunika kulemera kw golidi, khungu la tiger ndilotchuka.

Chakumapeto kwa 1980s, kufunafuna kwa mafupa a tiger kunachulukirachulukira, magulu ochita kupanga mwanzeru nthawi imeneyo anali opunduka kwambiri. Pokha pofika 1993 pomwe mapulogalamu oyang'anira Amur tiger adayambiranso, ndipo mu 1996 kuchuluka kwawo kunali pafupifupi 430.

Masiku ano, akambuku ambiri okhala kuthengo akuyerekeza anthu 431 - 529.

Kudula mitengo mosavomerezeka komanso moto wam m'nkhalango, kuwalanda malo awo okhala, zikuwopsezanso akambuku.

4. Njovu ya ku Africa

Mkhalidwe: pangozi.

Zowopsa: M'zaka za zana la 20, kuchuluka kwa njovu zaku Africa kunatsika mokwanira. Ziwopsezo zaku Ivory zakhala zikukulira. Chifukwa chake, mzaka 10 zisanachitike chiletso chamayiko onse ogulitsa minyanga ya njovu (1990), njovu zaku Africa zidatsika ndi theka. Kalelo mu 1970, panali anthu 400,000, koma pofika 2006 panali anthu 10,000 okha omwe adatsala.

Kenya yakhala amodzi mwamayiko omwe njovu zaku Africa zidawonongedwa. Pakati pa 1973 ndi 1989, kuchuluka kwa njovu kuno kunatsika ndi 85%. Ku Burundi, The Gambia, Mauritania ndi Swaziland, njovu zinazimiririka.

Pakadali pano, njovu ya ku Africa ndiyotetezedwa ndi boma, ndipo m'malo ena, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero cha anthu chikukwera pafupifupi 4%. Komabe, anthu ochita zachiwawa akadakulabe. Ndikudziwika kuti mchaka cha 2012 panali ntchito yayikulu pakufukula minyanga ya njovu mosaloledwa.

5. Mkango wanyanja ya Galapagos

Mkhalidwe: pangozi .

Zowopsa: Mkango wanyanja ya Galapagos ndi mtundu wa mkango wam'nyanja womwe umangokhala Zilumba za Galapagos ,, mwa ochepa, ku Isla de La Plata (Ecuador).

Chiwerengero cha anthu mu 1978 chinali pafupifupi 40,000; pakadali pano chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika ndi 50%.

Zowopsa zake ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azifa ndikuchotsa kubala nthawi ya El Niño (kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi pazama gawo la Nyanja ya Pacific, yomwe imawoneka modabwitsa nyengo), kuukiridwa ndi zilombo, komanso kuthekera kwa matenda opatsirana ndi agalu amtchire.

6. Galapagos ufulu kapena ufulu wa njovu

Zowopsa: Amakhulupirira kuti pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, akamba am'nyanja oposa 200,000 adawonongedwa. Izi zidadzetsa kuti ku zilumba za Charles ndi Barington akambukuwo atheretu, pa enawo atsala pang'ono kuzimiririka.

Zolemba zonyamula zonyamula zakale zamkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800 kuti zaka 36, ​​zombo zokwana 79 zimachotsa zikamba 10,373 kuzilumbazi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti atatsegula Galapagos, oyendetsa sitima aku Europe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito akambuku ngati njovu "chakudya chophika zam'chitini". Nyamazo zinadzazidwa ndi zigwiriro, komwe zinali kwa miyezi ingapo popanda madzi ndi chakudya.

Kuphatikiza apo, malo achilengedwe olimapo adawonongeka, nyama zakunja monga makoswe, nkhumba ndi mbuzi zidayambitsidwa ndikugawidwa, zomwe zidakhala mpikisano wazakudya za akamba.

Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa XX century, kuyesayesa kwakukulu kwachitika kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa akamba amtundu wa Galapagos. Ana aamuna obadwa ndi ukapolo amatulutsidwa kuzilumbazi m'malo awo okhala. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa akambuku a njovu ndi oposa 19,000.

Mwa mitundu isanu ndi isanu ya akanjedza, khumi okha ndi omwe apulumuka lero. Maphunziro khumi ndi limodziwo amayimiriridwa ndi mndende m'modzi. Amadziwika kwa ife pansi pa dzina la "Lone George." Tsoka ilo, mu June 2012, George adamwalira.

7. Cheetah

Zowopsa: Nthawi zina, anyaniwa amakhala pafupifupi ku Africa konse, Middle East komanso Asia chapakati. Masiku ano amapezeka ku Africa kokha, kumwera kwa Sahara ndi Asia, komwe anthu omwe ali kwayekha atatsala pang'ono kutha.

Akalulu ambiri samakhala m'malo otetezedwa, izi zimabweretsa mikangano ndi alimi. Chifukwa chakufupika kwa madera okhala, mbidzi nthawi zambiri zimayanjana ndi anthu, kusaka ziweto. Anthu am'derali amawaona ngati "tizirombo" ndipo amakhala akumalimbana nawo nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu la cheetah lidakali chiphaso cholandirika kwa asodzi. Zonsezi mosamvetseka zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa anthu; zaka 20 zapitazi, ziwonetsero zachepa ndi 30%.

8. Gorilla wakumpoto

Mkhalidwe: ali pangozi.

Zowopsa: Kubwerera mu 2007, gorilla wakumpoto adalembedwa mu Red Book la mitundu yomwe ili pangozi.

Ziwawa, kudula mitengo, komanso kusintha kwanyengo, zimasokoneza chilengedwe ndi malo omwewo ndipo izi zikuchititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono anthu awonongeke.

Koma mwina choopseza kwambiri kupezeka kwa gorilla masiku ano ndi kachilombo ka Ebola, ndikutchetcha anthu amtunduwu, kuphatikiza m'malo otetezedwa. Kuyambira 1992 mpaka 2011, kwa zaka 20, kuchuluka kwa ma gorilla amadzulo kunatsika ndi 45%. Pakadali pano, kachilombo ka Ebola kamatha kuchititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Western Western gorilla mpaka pakavute.

9. Mbidzi ya Grevy

Mkhalidwe: pangozi .

Zowopsa: M'mbuyomu, zebra ya Grevy kapena zebra ya m'chipululu idafalikira kuchokera ku Egypt kupita ku North Africa, pomwe idawonongedwa kale. Amayesedwa kuti anali asayansi ake akale omwe adatcha "kavalo wamkati".

Chiwerengero cha mbidzi za Grevy m'zaka za m'ma 1970 chinali pafupifupi 15,000; pofika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 izi, anthu 3,500 okha ndi omwe adatsalira, omwe ndi 75% ochepa. Masiku ano akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa mbidzi za Grevy zomwe zimakhala kuthengo sikupitilira 2 500. Mu ukapolo zimakhala ndi mbidzi pafupifupi 600.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mbidzi ya Grevy idasakidwa mwankhanza kuti ipeze khungu lokongola lomwe lakhala chokongoletsera chapamwamba mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, mbidziyo inawonongeka, poganiza kuti ndiyopikisana nayo ku ziweto pabusa. Posachedwa, ndinazindikira kuti mbidzi za Grevy zimadya mitundu yovuta kwambiri ya udzu yomwe singabowedwe ndi ng'ombe.

Pakadali pano ku Somalia ndi ku Etiopia, zebra za Grevy zatsala pang'ono kumaliza, ku Kenya kokha ndiomwe angachite kuti ateteze mitunduyi.

10. Mvuu

Zowopsa: Chiwerengero cha mvuu padziko lapansi kuyambira zaka 10 zapitazi yatsika ndi 7 - 20%. Monga akatswiri akuneneratu, m'zaka 30 zikubwerazi chiwerengero chawo chidzatsika ndi 30% ina.

Kulikonse kuchuluka kwa mvuu kumakhudzidwa ndi anthu. Anthu akumderalo akuba mchiuno kuti apeze nyama ndi fupa la nyamayo. Kugulitsa kosaloledwa kwa mvuu komwe kunapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1991 - 1992, oposa matani 27 a mafupa adalandidwa kuchokera kwa amalonda osaloledwa ndi ozembetsa milandu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa malo olimidwa kukukula chaka chilichonse, malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja nthawi zambiri amalimidwa, omwe ndi ma mvu ndi nyumba, komanso malo odyetserako chakudya.

11. King cobra

Zowopsa: King cobra ndi imodzi mwazamba zazikulu za njoka padziko lapansi. Amakhala ku South Asia, Southeast Asia ndi madera akumwera kwa East Asia (kumwera kwa China).

Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe amwalira ndi mfumu cobra chimapha anthu kuti apeze khungu lopangira zovala ndi zinthu zina, kuti apeze ululu wa njoka, womwe umayesedwa ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe, komanso nyama ya njoka ndi magazi, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizabwino kumayiko ena. Masiku ano, zomwe zikuwopseza kwambiri mitunduyi ndizochulukirapo pantchito za anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ambiri amfumu a cobra akhale m'malo otentha.

12. Slar kolala

Zowopsa: Monga okhala m'malo otentha, mosakayikira malo osasaka ali ndi vuto la kupulupudza. Kuphatikiza apo, amasakidwa nyama. Mwamwayi, machitidwewa akhala akuchepa posachedwapa.

Nthawi zina ma slow amapezeka ku North America. Tsopano amakhala ku Central ndi South America kokha, makamaka kumtunda wa ku Brazil ndi ku Patagonia.

13. Mkango wa ku Africa

Zowopsa: Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, pakhala kutsika kwamphamvu kwa anthu amkango ku Africa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, amapanga 30 mpaka 50% ya chiwerengero chonse.

Mu 1950, chiwerengero cha mikango ku Africa chinali pafupifupi 400,000, koyambirira kwa zaka zam'ma 1990 - 100,000, mu 2002 - 2004 - 47,000-16,500 anthu.

Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mikango yaku Africa ndi matenda opatsirana, kusaka nyama mwachangu komanso kutayika kwa malo okhala. Choopsa chachikulu ndikutsutsana ndi anthu. Anthu, kuyesera kuteteza ziweto ndi miyoyo yawo, nthawi zambiri mopanda chisoni amawononga mikango (nyambo zapoizoni ndizomwe zimakonda kuwononga kwawo).

Kuphatikiza apo, mikango yaku West Africa imasiyanitsidwa ndi mikango yomwe imakhala ku Central Africa. Izi zimakhudza kubala ndipo, makamaka, mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu.

Udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira anthu amkango wa ku Africa umaseweredwa ndikupanga mapaki ndi malo osungira nyama. Odziwika kwambiri awa ndi Etosha National Park ku Namibia, Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania, ndi Kruger National Park ku South Africa.

14. Orangutan

Mkhalidwe: ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (Sumatran orangutan), ali pangozi (Bornean orangutan).

Zowopsa: Kuwonongeka kwa malo chifukwa chodula mitengo kwambiri ndikusintha kwake kukhala ulimi komanso zomangamanga pamsewu ndiye mavuto akulu kwambiri omwe alipo m'mitundu yonse ya ma orangutan. Pakadali pano, ngakhale atakhazikitsa mapaki amtundu, nkhalango zikupitilizabe kudulidwa mosaloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kubera ana kwa ana kuti agulitsenso kumakhala ndi vuto lalikulu.

Zaka 75 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa ma orangutan omwe akukhala ku Sumatra atsika ndi 80% ndipo akupitilizabe kutsika mosavomerezeka. Ku Borneo, chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika ndi 50% pazaka 60 zapitazi.

15. Rhino

Mkhalidwe: zipembere zoyera - zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, ma Sumatran, akuda ndi aku Javanese - ali pangozi.

Zowopsa: M'tchire, ng'ombe yakalamba ilibe mdani kupatula anthu. Choopseza chachikulu pa mitundu yonse ya ziphuphu ndizachule. Nyanga ya Rhino ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamsika wakuda, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera komanso zamankhwala. M'mankhwala aku China, nyanga ya njuchi imawerengedwa kuti ndi anti-fever komanso othandiza aphrodisiac. Pamsika wakuda, mtengo pa kilogalamu ya nyanga za buluwu umafika $ 30,000.

2009 idadziwika ndi kuchuluka kosawerengeka kwa ujeni, njira zotchingira ma bulinti zidapezeka kuti sizikuyenda bwino. Ngakhale akuluakulu aku South Africa adamuyitanitsa kuti athane ndi zachiwopsezo, ziwerengero zamapaki adziko lapansi zidawonetsa izi: 2010 - mauwa 333 adaphedwa, mu 2012 - 633.

16. Komodo yang'anira buluzi

Zowopsa: Bulu wa Komodo - buluzi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, amakhala ku zilumba za Indonesia ku Komodo, Rinka, Flores, Gili ndi Padar.

Ntchito zophulika, zivomezi, kuwedza, zokopa alendo - zonse izi zinapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha abuluzi. Masiku ano, chomwe chikuopseza kwambiri mitunduyi ndikuwonongeka kwa malo, makamaka kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa agwape, nkhumba zakuthengo ndi njati, zomwe zimayang'anira kwambiri abuluzi.

Akatswiri akuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa anthu 4,000 mpaka 5,000. Komabe, asayansi ena akuwopa kuti pali akazi 350 okha azaka zobadwa mwa iwo. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, mu 1980 Komodo National Park idapangidwa, yomwe imathetsa mavuto osungira mitundu.

17. Panda yayikulu

Mkhalidwe: pangozi.

Zowopsa: Panda wamkulu amapezeka pokhapokha pakati pamapiri pakati pa China, makamaka ku Sichuan komanso ochepa ku Shaanxi ndi Gansu. Chifukwa cha zochita za anthu komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, pandas zazikuluzikulu zidathamangitsidwa m'malo omwe anali kale komwe amakhala.

Kuyambira kale, panda yayikulu yakhala ikuzunzidwa, osati nzika zamderalo zokha zomwe zimazisaka chifukwa cha khungu lofewa, komanso kwa alendo.Mu 1869, nyamayo idatumizidwa kumadzulo, komwe idakonda anthu ndipo idadziwika kuti choseweretsa. Mwanjira zambiri, malingaliro awa adapangidwa chifukwa cha zamasamba zamtundu wa pandas zakudya (maziko a zakudya zawo ndi bamboo).

Chiwerengero cha panda chachikulu chaka chilichonse chimachepa mosagwirizana, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kubadwira kuthengo komanso ukapolo. Asayansi akuyerekezera kuti pakadali pano pali anthu pafupifupi 1,600 omwe adatsala Padziko lapansi.

18. Magellanic Penguin

Mkhalidwe: pafupi ndi chiopsezo cha kutha.

Mamiliyoni a ma penguin amenewa amakhalabe m'mphepete mwa Argentina ndi Chile. Komabe, zigawo za Magellanic Penguin zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuthira kwamafuta, komwe kumapha akuluakulu 20,000 ndi anapiye 22,000 chaka chilichonse.

Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba zam'madzi kumakhudzanso kupulumuka kwa mitunduyi. Kusintha kwanyengo kwakukulu kwapangitsa kuti ma penguin asamuke mtunda wa makilomita 40 kuchokera pachisa kukafunafuna chakudya.

Pakadali pano, mitundu 12 mwa 17 ya penguin ikucheperachepera.

19. Chimbalangondo

Zowopsa : Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa World Conservation Union (deta ya 2008), kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pa 20,000 mpaka 25,000 anthu. Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero chawo chimachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Ponena za kutentha kwa dziko, madzi oundana a Arctic akusungunuka mwachangu. Kwa zimbalangondo za polar, izi zikutanthauza kuchepa kwa malo awo okhala ndi zovuta zazikulu kupeza chakudya.

Pa zaka 45 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo za polar kwatsika ndi 30%. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, mkati mwa zaka zana, zimbalangondo zokhala ndi polar zimatha kutha mosagwedezeka.

20. Giraffe Rothschild

Mkhalidwe: pangozi .

Zowopsa: Girafi ya Rothschild, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Baringo Giraffeli kapena kuti Gulu la Uganda, ndi amodzi mwa magulu osowa kwambiri a milalang'amba, kuthengo kuli mazana ochepa chabe.

Zaulimi m malo okhala ndulu ndi cholinga chachikulu chochepetsera. Pakadali pano, amatha kupezeka m'malo otetezedwa a Lake Nakuru National Park ku Kenya ndi Murchison Falls National Park kumpoto kwa Uganda. Palinso Pakati pagalimoto ku Nairobi, kunyumba kwa miliri yambiri ya Rothschild.

21. S anaf

Mkhalidwe: ali pangozi.

Zowopsa: Sifaki ndi mtundu wa lemurs, oimira banja la Indri. Pali mitundu ingapo ya sifaks: Verro siphack, Walnut siphack, Crowned siphack, Golden korona korona siphac, Silika ndi Perrier siphas. Onsewa amakhala pachilumba cha Madagascar basi.

Kuwonongeka kwa malo chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kuwotcha nkhalango m'derali komanso kusaka nyama kwa mandimu ndizomwe zikuopseza kwambiri nyama yodabwitsayi.

22. Humpback Whale

Zowopsa: Ziphuphu za Humpback zakhala zikuwombedwa mwamphamvu kwazaka zambiri; pofika chaka cha 1996, izi zinapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke ndi 90%. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupanga chinsomba cha humpback chinajambulidwa mu 1608, ndipo pofika m'zaka za zana la 18, kusaka kwinsomba kwa mafuta awo ndi nyama kunapeza zochuluka kwambiri zamalonda. Akuyerekeza kuti mahava osachepera 181,400 adagwidwa kuyambira nthawi yoyambira usodzi wamakina pakati pa 1868 ndi 1965.

Posadandaula ndi mkhalidwe wovuta wamtunduwu, International Whaling Commission, mu 1996, idaletsa ziletso zonse za nsomba za humpback whale. Masiku ano, kuwedza kwa nsomba kumakhala kwa anthu ochepa pachaka, omwe amapezeka kugombe la Bequia (chilumbachi ndi cha dera la Saint Vincent ndi Grenadines). Nthawi yomweyo, Japan ili ndi pulogalamu ya sayansi ya humpback whale (JARPA-II), kutanthauza kuti, mchaka cha 2007 zokha, mapanga 50 adapangidwa kuti apange "kafukufuku".

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuchulukirachulukira. Komabe pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasoweka pafupipafupi, monga: kugundana ndi sitima, kuwonongeka kwa phokoso, kuthekera kolowetsedwa mu zida za usodzi.

23. Galu wa Hyenoid

Mkhalidwe: pangozi .

Zowopsa: Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa agalu opanga mawonekedwe a hyena ndi anthu 3,000 - 5,000 okha omwe amapangidwa ndi 60 - 100 mapaketi. Pafupifupi theka la anthu amakhala ku South Africa, ambiri ku East Africa, makamaka ku Kenya ndi Uganda, ku Central Africa ndi osowa kwambiri.

Zifukwa zakutha kwa agalu a hyenoid ndizodziwikiratu: kutayika kwa malo okhala, matenda opatsirana, kuwombera mosasamala.

24. Chimbalangondo chomvetsa chisoni

Mkhalidwe: ili pangozi ku United States, ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku Canada, yasowa ku Mexico.

Zowopsa: M'mbuyomu, ma grizzlies ankakhala m'madera akuluakulu kuyambira ku Alaska kupita ku Texas ndi Mexico.

Amakhulupirira kuti kuchepa kwa anthu achisoni kunayamba munthawi yamalamulo aku Spain ku America. Kubwera kwa Azungu komanso kukula kwa madera akuluakulu, malo okhala ndi grizzlies adayamba kuchepa. Kwa Amwenye, chimbalangondo chinali nyama yotsika ndipo chidachita gawo lambiri m'mabodza ambiri. Komabe, ngakhale adasaka grizzly, pogwiritsa ntchito nyama yake ngati chakudya, khungu popanga zovala, ndi zikhadabo ndi mano ngati zodzikongoletsera. Kwa alendo ochokera ku Europe, chimbalangondo chidayamba kupikisana nawo pakupanga chakudya ndipo chidawopseza moyo, chomwe chidapangitsa kuti awonongedwe.

Pakadali pano, ali ndi anthu ambiri okonda zachilengedwe akukhala ku Yellowstone National Park. Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu chikuyerekezedwa lero pa anthu 50,000.

25. Whale Shark

Zowopseza: Pakadali pano, palibe data yolondola pa kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazinsomba zomwe zimakhala kuthengo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zinthu padziko lapansi sikunakhalepo waukulu. Ofufuza ena akuti pali anthu ngati 1,000 omwe atsala padzikoli.

Choopseza chachikulu pakupezeka kwa nsomba zazinsombazo, ndizodziwedza. Ngakhale kuletsa kwakadali pano, kusodza kwa shaki kukupitirirabe ku Southeast Asia ndi India. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga kwa shaki za chinsomba ndi kutha kwawo kwakutali kwambiri komanso kubereka kwapang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kubwezeretsanso anthu. Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa asodzi padziko lapansi amachepa ndi 5% - 6%.

White Rhino

Zaka khumi zapitazo, anthu makumi atatu amtunduwu adatsala padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, ndi akazi awiri okha amtunduwu omwe amakhalanso achilengedwe. Mu Marichi 2019, bambo womaliza wa mtunduwu wamwalira ali ndi zaka 45. Inali chipembere chakale, ndipo asayansi amayenera kuchichita chifukwa chodwala kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana okalamba. Koma adakwanitsa kumuchotsera IVF. Pali chiyembekezo chotsiriza kuti zolengedwa zodzala ndi akazi zidzabereka ana a chiwalo choyera.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti chipembere choyera ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi?

Dzombe la Javan

Munkhani yake imodzi, thebiggest.ru inalemba za nyama zakutha m'zaka za zana la 21. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndende yakuda yaku Cameroon. Mtumiki wina woyimira mitundu yaziphuphu watsala pang'ono kupulumuka. Pafupifupi anthu 60 otsala a ndende za Java, ndipo onsewa amawateteza mosamala ku paki ya ku Indonesia. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ankakhala ku Vietnam, koma chifukwa cha nyanga zawo, ozembetsa adaziwonongeratu.

Saola

Gulu losoŵa la artiodactyl lidapezeka koyamba m'nkhalango kumpoto kwa Vietnam kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Kupeza kumeneku kunali kumverera kwenikweni. Pakadali pano pali nyama pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo zonsezo ndizotetezedwa ndi boma. Poyesera kuwasunga mu ukapolo, a Saol adayamba kumwalira milungu ingapo. Chifukwa chake, utsogoleri wa dzikolo unaletsa mwamphamvu kusaka nyama izi. Zingakhale kuti kuthengo, kumatha kukhala anthu pafupifupi 100.

Ku Leopard Kakutali

Nyama yokongola iyi imakhala kum'mawa kwa Russia ndi China. Chiweto chonse ndi pafupifupi anthu 80. Ambiri aiwo amakhala ndipo akutetezedwa ndi boma kumalo osungira nyama a Primorsky Krai. Amphaka osakwana khumi mwa awa osowa amakhala m'mayiko awiri. Mu 2016, ogwira ntchito kumalo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi adalemba zolemba zawo zonse pakumakula. Izi zimapatsa chiyembekezo chakutsogolo mtsogolo kwa nyalugwe waku Far East.

Gorilla wam'mapiri

Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumalo kumene nyani wamkuluyu anthropoid komanso kusaka nyama kunayambitsa gorilla ambiri. Pakadali pano pali anthu oposa 500. Gorilla wam'mapiri amakhala m'malo otsala kumapiri a nkhalango zachilengedwe za Africa. Pamalo awo, maboma a Uganda, Kongo ndi Rwanda anakonza malo osungirako zachilengedwe kuteteza gorilla kumapiri.

Kambuku wa chipale chofewa kapena nyalugwe wa chisanu

Amakhala m'maiko 12 aku Asia, kuphatikizanso mapiri a Altai aku Russia ndipo chiwerengero chonse cha amphakachi chimachokera ku 4 mpaka 7,000. Pafupifupi nyalugwe ambiri amakhala kumapiri a China. Ku Russia kulibe ndodo zopitilira mazana asanu. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa pulogalamu yoteteza dziko lapansi kuti iziteteza komanso kubereka.

Ma oralutan a Kalimatran ndi Sumatran

Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ku Southeast Asia ndi kusaka kwachepetsa ma orangutan kukhala ochepa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, magulu awo ndi manambala zatsika. Kuti awapulumutse, minda yapadera imapangidwa pomwe ana amasiye amaleredwa ndipo nyani wamkulu amatengedwa kuchokera kwa obera.

California condor

Zaka zana zapitazo, kuthawa kwake kumatha kuwoneka kudera lonse la North America. Koma pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, zinthu zinayamba kufa kwambiri. Kuchulukitsidwa kwanyumbayi kunapangitsa kuti m'chilengedwe sichikhalabe ndipo mbalame pafupifupi makumi atatu zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama. Kuyambira 1992, mbalamezi zakhala zikusungidwa, pulogalamu yapaderadera yotengera azitsamba a condor yapangidwa. Pakadali pano, anthu adakwanitsa kudzipulumutsa mpaka mbalame mazana atatu, ndipo onse adamasulidwa.

Mwa njira, ma condors ndi ena mwa mbalame zazikulu kwambiri, mndandanda womwe mumawona munkhaniyi.

Njati zaku North America

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, ng'ombe zikuluzikulu za nyamazi zinkakhala ku North America konse. Koma chifukwa cha ludzu, phindu la njatiyo adaphedwa ndi mamiliyoni. Chithunzi cha m'zaka za zana la 19 yasungidwa, chomwe chinajambula phiri lalikulu la zigamba za njati. Chowopsya ichi pakufalikira kwachidziwitso chake kunapangitsa kuti nyama zonse zomwe zinapulumuka nthawi yamadzi oundana komanso kutha kwa mammore zitheretu. Mwamwayi, mu 1894, kukhazikitsidwa lamulo ku United States loletsa kusaka nyama iliyonse. Panthawiyo, njati zosakwana chikwi zinatsala ndi moyo. Tsopano pali mitu pafupifupi 30,000, ndipo onse ndi eniokha, koma chiwerengerochi chikuwopseza chiwerengero cha njati zaku North America.

Uyu ndiye woimira womaliza wa ng'ombe zamtchire ku Europe, mtundu wa njati. Malo okhala ndi nkhalango za ku Europe. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, panali ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zochepa, zomwe njati zamakono zinapita. Zochita zowonongeka zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi zimapangitsa kuti njati ziyambe kugwa pafupi. Kulengedwa kwa malo osungirako "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" ndi "Oryol Polesie" kunathandiza kwambiri pakusunga nyama yapaderayi. Tsopano nyama zopitilira 3,500 zikukhala mosungiramo.

Oedipus ndi Pie tamarins

Tsopano mitundu yayikulu ya ma tamarins, ndipo alipo pafupifupi khumi, omwe saopsezedwa ndi chiwonongeko, Oedipus ndi Pegom tamarins okha, omwe anthu ake achepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Chiwerengero chawo sichidutsa anthu masauzande angapo. Ma marmosets okongola awa amafunidwa kwambiri ngati ziweto, chifukwa cha izi agwidwa mosagulitsa ndikugulitsa pamsika wakuda.

Woyera-wokhala ndi Raptor

Nyama zachilendo zamtunduwu wamtunduwu zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa otentha a ku Central ndi West Africa. Mu 2014, abuluzi amtunduwu adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Ngati posachedwa palibe njira zomwe zingatengedwe kuteteza nyama izi, ndiye kuti patatha zaka 10 kuchuluka kwake nkutha.

Kuteteza zachilengedwe

Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga mitundu yonse yazomera, chifukwa idabadwa mwachilengedwe mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo. Nyama zomwe zikuperekedwazo si gulu laulere chabe, koma gulu limodzi logwira ntchito. Kutha kwa mitundu iliyonse kumakhala ndi kusintha kwakukuru mu chilengedwe. Mtundu uliwonse ndi wofunikira kwambiri komanso wapadera padziko lapansi.

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Ponena za nyama ndi mbalame zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala pangozi, nkoyenera kuzisamalira mosamala ndi kuwateteza. Popeza ndiwosatetezeka kwambiri, mtundu wa anthu ukhoza kutaya mtunduwu nthawi iliyonse. Ndiko kusungidwa kwa mitundu yosowa ya nyama komwe kumakhala ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ku boma lililonse komanso munthu aliyense.

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Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama itayike ndi izi: kusowa kwa malo okhala nyama, kusaka mosasamala m'malo osaloledwa, kuwonongedwa kwa nyama kuti apange zopangidwa, kuwononga chilengedwe. Mayiko onse padziko lapansi ali ndi malamulo otetezedwa kuti asachotse nyama zakutchire zomwe zimayang'anira kusaka nyama ndi kusaka nyama, ku Russia pali lamulo lokhudza kusaka nyama ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

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Pakadali pano pali buku lotchedwa Red Book of the International Union for the Conservation of Natural, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1948, pomwe nyama ndi mbewu zosowa zonse zalembedwa. Ku Russian Federation kuli Bukhu Lofananira lofananalo, lomwe limalemba za mitundu yomwe ili mdziko lathuli. Chifukwa cha mfundo za boma, zinali zotheka kupulumutsa ma sabita ndi ma saigas omwe anali atatsala pang'ono kufa. Tsopano amaloledwa ngakhale kusaka. Chiwerengero cha kulan ndi njati chakwera.

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Saigas amatha kuzimiririka kumaso kwa Dziko lapansi

Kudera nkhawa za kutha kwa zachilengedwe sikunathe. Chifukwa chake ngati mutatenga nthawi kuchokera kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri kudzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za makumi awiri (zaka zina mazana atatu) - mitundu ya nyama 68 ndi mitundu 130 ya mbalame inatha.

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Malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural limatulutsa, mtundu umodzi kapena mabungwe amawonongeka chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri chodabwitsa chimayamba kutha kupatula pang'ono, ndiye kuti kuzimiririka m'maiko ena. Chifukwa chake ku Russia ku Caucasus, munthu wathandizira kuti mitundu isanu ndi inayi yafika kale. Ngakhale izi zidachitika kale: malinga ndi malipoti a akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja, ng'ombe za musk zinali ku Russia zaka 200 zapitazo, ndipo zidalembedwa ku Alaska chaka cha 1900 chisanachitike. Koma pali mitundu yomwe titha kutaya munthawi yochepa.

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Mndandanda wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulowa

Njati. Njati ya Bialowieza ndi yayikulu kukula ndipo mtundu wake wamakhalidwe akuda unathetsedwa mu 1927. Panali njati ya Caucasus, kuchuluka kwake ndi zolinga zingapo.

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Red Wolf - Ichi ndi chirombo chachikulu chokhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Mwanjira iyi, pali mitundu ingapo khumi, iwiri yomwe imapezeka m'dziko lathu, koma nthawi zambiri.

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Sterkh - crane yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Siberia. Chifukwa kuchepetsedwa kwa madambo kumafa msanga.

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Ngati timalankhula mwatsatanetsatane zamtundu wina wa nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, mbalame, tizilombo, ndiye kuti malo opangira kafukufuku amapereka ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro. Tsopano zoposa 40% ya zomera ndi nyama zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Mitundu ina yaminyama yomwe ili pangozi:

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1. Koala. Kuchepetsa kwamtunduwu kumachitika chifukwa cha kudula kwa buluzi - gwero lawo la chakudya, njira zakumizinda ndikumenyedwa kwa agalu.

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2. Amur tiger. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kupha nyama komanso kuwononga moto m'nkhalango.

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3. Mkango wanyanja ya Galapagos. Zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa pakubala kwa mikango yam'nyanja ndikuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, komanso matenda ochokera kwa agalu akuthambo.

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4. Cheetah. Alimi amawapha ngati mbawala zazikazi zimasaka ziweto. Amasakidwa ndimphawi pofuna kubisala.

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5. Chimpanzee. Kugawikidwako kwamtunduwu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, malonda osaloledwa mwa ana awo, ndi matenda.

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6. Gorilla Akumadzulo. Kusintha kwanyengo ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe kwachepetsa anthu.

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7. Collar sloth. Kuchulukana kukuchepa chifukwa chakudula mitengo.

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8. Rhinoceros. Choopseza chachikulu ndikuba olanda omwe amagulitsa nyanga zamkati pamsika wakuda.

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9. Giant panda. Mitunduyo ikumizidwa kuti ikhale m'malo. Nyama sizikhala ndi nthawi yobadwa.

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10. Njovu ya ku Africa. Mtunduwu nawonso umapezedwa ndi kuba, popeza njovu zimakhala zamtengo wapatali.

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11. Mbidzi ya Grevy. Mtunduwu unkasakidwa mwachangu chifukwa cha khungu komanso mpikisano wamabusa.

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12. Chimbalangondo. Kusintha kwa malo okhala zimbalangondo chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko kumakhudza kuchepa kwa mitundu.

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13. Shuthe. Kuchulukana kukuchepa chifukwa chakudula mitengo.

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14. Grizzly. Mitundu yochepetsedwa chifukwa cha kusaka ndi chiwopsezo cha zimbalangondo kwa anthu.

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15. Mkango waku Africa. Mitunduyo imawonongedwa chifukwa cha mikangano ndi anthu, kusaka mwachangu, matenda opatsirana komanso kusintha kwa nyengo.

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16. Fulu la Galapagos. Anawonongedwa mwachangu, anasintha malo. Nyama zomwe zimadziwitsidwa ku Galapagossa zinasokoneza pobereka.

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17. Komodo yang'anira buluzi. Mitundu ikuchepa chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe komanso kuba.

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18. Whale shark. Kuchepa kwa anthu chifukwa chakuwedza kwa shaki.

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19. Galu wagalu. Mitunduyi imamwalira chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe.

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20. m'chiuno. Kugulitsa kosaloledwa kwa mafupa a nyama ndi nyama kwapangitsa kuti anthu achulukane.

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21. Magellanic Penguin. Anthuwo ali ndi vuto lotaya mafuta ambiri nthawi zonse.

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22. Chinsomba cha Humpback. Mitundu ikuchepa chifukwa cha whaling.

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23. Mfumu Cobra. Mitunduyi idayamba kuzunzidwa.

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24. Giraffe Rothschild. Nyama zimavutika chifukwa cha malo okhala.

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25. Orangutan. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa chifukwa cha njira zakumizinda komanso kudula mitengo mwachangu.

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Mndandanda wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala pamitunduyi. Monga mukuwonera, chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi munthu komanso zotsatira zake. Pali mapulogalamu a boma osungira nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulowa. Ndipo munthu aliyense angathandizire kuteteza nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kukhala pamadzi.

Kodi nyama zimafa chifukwa chiyani?

Kutha kwa mitundu yakale ndi kutuluka kwa zatsopano ndi njira yachilengedwe kwathunthu pa Dziko Lapansi. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kuwonongedwa kunachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo osati kale kwambiri, munthu anawonjezeredwa pazifukwa izi. Koma muziyamba kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Nyengo zonse zam'mbuyomu zidagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kusunthika kwa ma tectonic plates, zochitika zamapiri, kugundana ndi matupi akumlengalenga, etc. Kutha kwachilengedwe (kukukula mwachangu) kwa nyama kunayamba zaka 100,000 zapitazo. - panthawi yomwe anthu amakhala Padziko lapansi. Makolo athu akutali analanda zachilengedwe mosadziwa ndikuwononga zachilengedwe, kusaka, kuwononga malo komanso kufalitsa matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo, tinaphunzira luso laulimi ndipo tinayamba kukhala moyo wakhazikika. Kupanga malo ake, munthu adasinthiratu chilengedwe chake, chomwe m'mbiri yonse sichinaloledwe ndi mitundu ina iliyonse. Chifukwa cha izi, nyama zina zimangofa, zina zinasamukira ku magawo atsopano ndipo, zinadzaza mitundu ya nyama kumeneko.

Kusokonezeka kwa Habitat

Mwa zofunikira zathu, tidayenera kuthana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kulima dothi, kukhetsa ma swamp, kupanga zitsime - zonsezi zidasintha kwambiri malo okhala zamoyo. Nyama zinasowa malo okhala, komwe zimapeza zakudya ndikuchulukana.

Malo okhala zikhalidwe zanyama zimakhala zosayenera makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mafuta, mafuta, zitsulo, poizoni ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya - zonsezi zimakhudza mlengalenga, dothi, nyanja zam'madzi, motero, zimakhudza anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi.

Zamoyo zonse ndizolumikizana ndipo kuwonongeka kwa nyama zamtundu umodzi nthawi zambiri kumakwiyitsa zina. Chodabwitsachi chimatchedwa "Zotsatira zake".

Chitsanzo. Ku Malaysia, adaganiza zothana ndi udzudzu wa malungo poyambira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo a DDT. Udzudzu ukugonjetsedwa - malungo siowopsa! Koma panali ma cockro omwe sanakhudzidwe ndi DDT. Mapopa amadyedwa ndi abuluzi, omwe mankhwala atizilombo atafooka. Chifukwa chake abuluzi adayamba kuwereka amphaka, zomwe zidamupha. Zotsatira zake, m'chigawo chimenecho kuchuluka kwa makoswe omwe amayenda ndi matenda ofanana ndi malungo kunachuluka kwambiri.

Mphete yokhala ndi mphete

Ma lemoni a Feline (kapena mphete-Yodontha) amatha kuwoneka m'malo omata komanso m'nkhalango zakumwera kwa Madagascar. Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural lalemba kuti mitunduyi ikhale pangozi. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa mandimuwa atsika ku ziweto 2000-2400 - kuchepetsa modabwitsa 95% kuyambira 2000. Zoyendetsa zazikulu za kuchepa kwa mandimu zimaphatikizira kuchepa kwakhamalo, kuba, ndi kugulitsa ziweto kumsika wakuda.

Nosach

Kwa chilumba chachikulu kwambiri chachitatu cha mapulaneti Barneo, mtundu wamtunduwu ndiwopezeka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi mitsinje, komanso m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'matanthwe ndi m'madambo. Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa mitengo kosasunthika, pazaka 40 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa asayansi atsika ndi 40%. Komanso chifukwa chakuchepa uku ndikusaka nyama zachilendozi. Nyama yawo imayamikiridwa kwambiri mu mankhwala aku China.

Mwa njira, patsamba lathu thebiggest.ru muthawona mndandanda wazilumba zazikulu kwambiri za Earth m'derali.

Kuchulukitsa migodi

Masiku ano sitigwiritsa ntchito nyama monga gwero la chakudya, komanso kufunafuna zida ndi zinthu zambiri zosafunikira.

Popanga mankhwala, mafuta onunkhira, zodzola komanso zinthu zina zamafakitale, zinthu zofunika kupanga, monga, zopangira nyama. Mosaloledwa, nyama zokhala pachiwopsezo sizipeza zofunikira izi, koma lamulo silinalembedwe kwa ozizira.

Kubera anthu ndikuwotchera zinyama kumapangidwa modabwitsa m'maiko onse ndikuwononga zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake mumadziwa izi Kufewetsa nyama ndi zomera tingayerekeze ndi kugulitsa zida ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Ndipo, zoona, sitimangokhalira kulankhula za kugwidwa kosaloledwa kwa nyama zosowa mu mawonekedwe amoyo, koma nthawi zambiri pokhudza magawo awo ofunika: fupa, ubweya, ndi zina zambiri.

Chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha kutha chifukwa chochulukitsidwa ndi mbalame ya Dodo, yomwe tikambirananso zina.

Mphamvu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Pali chinthu choterocho "kuyambitsa" - Uku ndi kupangika mwadala kwa anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama kunja kwawo. Mwanjira ina, chifukwa cha munthu, mitundu yatsopanoyo idayamba kuwoneka komwe idalibe kale ndipo siyiyenera kukhalapo. Nthawi yomweyo, zolengedwa zomwe zatulutsidwa, zopanda adani achilengedwe m'gawo latsopanoli, zimayamba kuchulukana ndikuthamangitsa anthu okhala komweko.

Chitsanzo chabwino ndi kubweretsa akalulu ku Australia. Abwera nawo kuchokera ku England kukasaka masewera. Akalulu ankakonda kwambiri nyengo yakumaloko, ndipo zilombo za m'derali sizinali zokwanira kuzisaka. Chifukwa chake, wowotchera adatulutsa ngala ndikuyamba kuwononga msipu wonse. Ankhandwe adabweretsedwa ku Australia kuti awononge, koma adayamba kusaka nyama zakumidzi, zomwe zidangokulitsa izi. Tidakwanitsa kuthana ndi akalulu pakati ndipo mothandizidwa ndi virus yapadera.

Dodo (Dodo)

Mbalame zopanda ndegezi zinkakhala kuzilumba za Mascarene komanso ku Mauritius. Koma kukhudzidwa kwa madera amenewa m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi chifukwa chakutha kwawo posachedwa. Anthu osati okha wosaka kwambiri Drontov, komanso adabweretsa nyama zolusa (makoswe, amphaka, agalu), zomwe zidathandizanso.

Dzinalo "Dodo" (wochokera ku Chipwitikizi - "wopusa"), mbalamezi adalandira kuchokera kwa oyendetsa sitimawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumalo komwe amakhala kunalibe adani ndipo anali kudalira ubale ndi anthu. Panalibe chifukwa chilichonse chofuna kusaka a Dronts - adangoyandikira ndikumenyedwa ndi ndodo pamutu. Ndipo zinali zovuta kuti mbalame izi zibisike pangozi, chifukwa sakanakhoza kuwuluka, kusambira, kapena kuthamanga.

Chizindikiro cha Mauritius chikuimira Dront

Woimira wamkulu kwambiri mwa amodzi mwa mbalamezi amafikira 3.5 metres ndi kulemera pafupifupi 250 kg. Iwo analibe mapiko. Mpaka zaka za zana la 16 amakhala ku New Zealand, kufikira atakwaniritsidwa kufafanizidwa ndi mbadwa.

Carolina Parrot

Mtunduwu ndiwo paroti wokhawo amene amakhala ku North America. Koma zidapezeka kuti sizofunika komanso parrot ya Carolina anawonongedwachifukwa minda yovunda ndi mitengo yazipatso. Adawonetsedwa komaliza m'ma 1920s.

Steller Cormorant

Chitsanzo china pomwe zolengedwa zomwe sizingabisike zimangofa chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa ndi anthu. Anawuluka moipa, ndipo mwina sakudziwa bwanji. chifukwa chake kusaka sizinali zovuta kwa iwo. Zaka zopitilira 100 zitapezeka, nyamazo zidathereratu.

Tasmanian tiger

Woimira womaliza wa mtunduwu adamwalira mu 1936. Unali chilumba chachikulu kwambiri cha marsupial carnivore, chomwe chinali makamaka pachilumba cha Tasmania. Kuwonongedwa ndi munthu chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa ulimi.

Mwa njira, adayesa kuyesa kuyambitsa kambuku ya Tasmanian ikugwiritsa ntchito DNA ya ana agalu oledzera. Koma ntchitoyi yalephera, chifukwa DNA sakanakhoza kutulutsidwa.

Kameruni wakuda

Panthawi ina, nthumwi za ma genino aanthuwa zidagawidwa pafupifupi mu Africa, koma mwa khama ozunza kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000s, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe adatsala. Mu 2011, nthumwi yomaliza yamtunduwu sinakhale.

Mwa njira, asayansi angapo akunena kuti pafupifupi theka la mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zilipozi zidzatha m'zaka zana limodzi.

Chigoba cha Abingdon njovu

Mu 2012, Lone George adamwalira - woimira womaliza wa mtunduwu. Akatawuni akuluakuluwo anali okhala ku zilumba za Galopogsky. Ambiri a iwo anapulumuka mpaka zaka 200. Tsoka ilo akamba awononga oyandikana ndi anthu. Nyama yokoma ndi chipolopolo chokongola - chabwino, ndi msaki wamtundu wanji amene angaakane? Zikuwoneka kuti kuletsa kusaka kunayambitsidwa munthawi yake, koma osaka sakusamala malamulowo ...

Quagga

Nyama yodziwikirayi, yofanana ndi mtundu wina wa mbidzi ndi kavalo, inali yofala ku South Africa. Iwo anali otsogola komanso ochezeka, chifukwa kuphatikiza quagga kunali kosavuta. Anathetsedwa chifukwa cha nyama yokoma. ndi chinsinsi chamtengo. Woimira wotsiriza wa zolengedwa adamwalira mu 1883.

Chimbalangondo chachikulu cha ku Mexico

Kuzindikirika kuzimiririka mu 1964. Anakhala ku North America mpaka atakhala wathunthu kuchotsedwa ndi alimi akumalokochifukwa anaukira ziweto.

Onetsetsani kuti mukuonera vidiyoyi, yomwe imalankhula za nyama zina zakutha chifukwa cha zolakwa zathu:

Chirol

Mtundu wa antelope uwu, womwe umapezeka kumapiri a udzu pakati pa Kenya ndi Somalia, umadwala kwambiri matenda, zilombo zolusa komanso, anthu. Pang'onopang'ono tikuwononga malo okhala nyama izi, kuzisaka ndikuzilanda chakudya, kuweta ziweto.

Lero kuchuluka kwa chirol sikuposa anthu 1000. Komabe, samasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama ndipo sanayikidwe nkhokwe.

Orangutan

Mwachilengedwe, anyaniwa ndi abale apamtima a munthu. Koma izi sizitiletsa kudula mitengo yomwe akukhalamo, ndipo azisaka nthawi zonse.

Masiku ano, magulu a orangutan ndi ochepa ku Borneo ndi Sumatra. Chiwerengero chawo chokwanira ndi pafupifupi 70,000, omwe ali ochulukirapo kangapo mkati mwa zaka zapitazi.

Orangutan ndiye cholengedwa chanzeru kwambiri Padziko Lapansi pambuyo pa anthu, ndipo mkati mwa zaka 10, chimatha kutha kwathunthu ngati kutalikirana kupitirirabe.

Nyanja otter

Nyama zam'madzi izi zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean. Mzaka za m'ma 18 ndi 1900, ma nyuwa mu nyanja idawonongeka kambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wofunika. Mwamwayi, kusayeruzikaku kunayimitsidwa ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kusaka kwawo kunali pafupifupi kulikonse koletsedwa.

Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa otters apanyanja ndi zikwi 88. Komabe, kukula kwake sikumawonedwa. Cholinga cha izi ndi zovuta zingapo zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyanja.

Zomwe zikuchitidwa kuteteza nyama kuti zisawonongeke

Choyamba, kusaka nyama zamtundu wina kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo, onse kunja ndi boma. Tili ndi chikalata chotere Lamulo la Federal "Pa Zinyama Zanyama".

Buku Lofiyira limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuthambo. Muli mdziko lililonse, komanso lili ndi mtundu wa mayiko ena.

Dziwani kuti, kutengera chiopsezo cha kutha, mitundu ina ikhoza kukhala yosiyana chitetezolomwe linafunsidwa ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN):

• Kutha. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu ya mitundu yonse (Ex) ndi zomwe sizikupezeka kuthengo - kokha mu ukapolo (EW).
• Kuopsezedwa ndikutha. Gululi limaphatikizapo nyama zomwe pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo zitha kuzimiririka kuthengo (CR), pangozi (EN) ndi mitundu yosavutikira (VU).
• Ngozi ndiyochepa. Izi ndi mitundu yomwe imadalira zoyesayesa za kuteteza (ma CD), pafupi ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo (NTs), ndi zomwe sizikuwopsezedwa pang'ono (LCs).

Nyama zokhala ndi maudindo "Kutha Kwakuthengo" (EW) ndi zitsanzo chimodzi cha zoyesayesa za munthu zosungira nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kulowa. Nyama zotere zimatha kupezeka kumalo opangidwa mwaluso, omwe ndi magulu osiyanasiyana opanga zinyama. Tsoka ilo, zingapo mwa mitunduyi zaperekedwa kale; oimira awo sangathe kubereka ana ndi kungokhala masiku awo omaliza.

Malo osungirako ndi malo opulumutsira ndi njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yosungira nyama zomwe zakhala pangozi. Pali malo osungirako zachilengedwe pafupifupi 150 mdziko lathu. M'malo otere, kusaka, kudula mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina kupezeka kwa munthu nkoletsedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali nyama zotere, kuopseza kufalikira komwe sikungoyamikiridwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Izi zonse zimagwira mu Mndandanda Wofiyira wa IUCN.

Nyamazo zimadziwika kuti ndizosowa pomwe woimira wake womaliza akamwalira. Pali lingaliro kutha kwazinthu - anthu onse otsala sangathenso kubereka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha msinkhu kapena thanzi.

Nkhandwe yofiira

Mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya mimbulu. Ankakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Nthawi zambiri alimi amawafafanizaosakhutira ndikuti mimbulu yofiira idawombera ziweto ndi mbalame.

Pofika nthawi ya 1967, nthumwi 14 za mitunduyi zidatsala mdziko lapansi. Anaikidwa muukapolo, ndipo lero chiwerengero cha mimbulu yofiira ndi anthu 100.

Saiga

Pofika m'zaka za zana la 17, saigas anali amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ku Eurasia, koma chifukwa cha anthu, mitundu yawo idafikira madera ochepa a Chigawo cha Kumwera kwa Volga, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Mongolia.

chifukwa cha kusaka kosalamulirika pafupifupi zaka za m'ma 1800 zatha. Koma chifukwa cha njira zoteteza munthawi yake, anthu anabwezeretsedwa ndipo chilolezo chowasaka chinawonekeranso. Ziwerengero zawo mobwerezabwereza zimachepa kwambiri.

Masiku ano padziko lapansi pali saigas pafupifupi 50,000. Njira zakusungiramo nyamazo zimaphatikizapo kuponderezedwa kochedwa kupha nyama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo otetezedwa atetezedwa.

Chilumba chachilumba

Nyama sizichulukitsa kukula kwa mphaka wamba. Adagawidwa pazilumba pafupi ndi California, mpaka kumayambiriro 90s ziwombankhanga zonse zidawonongedwa pamenepo. Kwa nkhandwe, mbalamezi sizinali zowopsa, ndipo zimangosakira nsomba zokha. Malo a chiwombankhanga adatenga posakhalitsa chiwombankhanga chagolideomwe sanachite manyazi kusaka nkhandwe, ndipo mwachangu anawononga pafupifupi anthu onse.

Ankhandwe otsalawo adakulira kundende kufikira vuto litakhala ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Masiku ano, chiwerengerochi chabwezeretseka ndipo anthu 3,000.

Uyu ndiye woimira womaliza wa ng'ombe zamtchire ku Europe. Kuthengo asaka anawonongeratu. Mwamwayi, nyama izi zidasungidwa m'malo osungira nyama zambiri.

Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za asayansi masiku ano, njati zabwerera kuthengo. Chiwerengero chawo chonse chili pafupi ndi anthu 4,000.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale zoyesayesa zonse za akatswiri azachilengedwe, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azilombo zachilengedwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha.Munjira zambiri, izi zinachitika chifukwa tidaachedwa. Zoletsa mwalamulo masiku ano zimanyalanyazidwa ndi ozembe omwe, popanda lingaliro lachiwiri, adzapha njovu kapena njati yomaliza kuti ipindule. Vinyo wambiri amagona ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "zinthu" zomwe amakazipeza omwe mwachipongwe amafuna kukhala ndi zigaza za nyama zosowa, amavala zovala za ubweya wamtengo wapatali kapena kupaka mafuta 'ochiritsa' pakhungu lawo.

14. Mafira a Kordofan ndi Nubian

Girafi ya Kordofan (Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum) ndi giraffe wa Nubian (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) adalembedwa kuti ali pangozi kwambiri ndi International Conservation Union. Anthu aku Africa, Cordofan ndi mapira a Nubian akumwalira chifukwa chakutha kwa malo okhala.

13. The Red Panda

Paka wofiira (Ailurus fulgens) amatchedwanso panda kapena chimbalangondo. Kuthengo, ndimapapo akuluakulu ofiira pafupifupi 10,000 okha omwe amapezeka. Chifukwa cha kupha anthu, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kubala kochepera, panda yofiira imataya malo okhala. Kuteteza nyamazo, akuchitapo kanthu popewa kusaka nyama zofiira m'malo awo.

6. Addax

Chifukwa chakusaka kosasunthika komwe amakhala - ku Sahara - malo okhala chilombo cha Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) kapena Mendes antelope, monga amatchedwanso, amawerengedwa kuti "owopsa pakutha". Ripoti la 2016 WWF likunena izi zokhazokha CHITATU kuwonjezera.

5. Thonje lakuda

Matendwe akuda (Diceros bicornis) amakhalabe mndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwachuma m'zaka zaposachedwa. Nthano ya nyanga "zozizwitsa" imapangitsa kuti ma rhinos azikhala osaka nthawi zonse osaka ndi osaka. Akuti anthu osakwana 2,500 amakhalabe komwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

4. Pangolin

Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya pangolin (Pholidota) ndipo yonseyo ili pangozi. Mikango imawerengedwa kuti ndi "nyama yobisika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikugulitsidwa." Choyamba, chifukwa nyama yawo imakoma ku China ndi Vietnam, ndipo masikelo awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ku China komweko.

3. Dugong

Dugong dugon pakadali pano amatchulidwa kuti ndi "zolephera zowonongeka" mu Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Natural. Kugawikako kumatanthauza kuti nyamayi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutha, pokhapokha munthu atalowererapo kuti asunge nyamayo. Ma dugong amasakidwa nyama yawo ndi batala.

2. Sumatran Tiger

Ngakhale chikhumbo chachikulu chosungira nyengoyi m'zaka zaposachedwa, malamulo okhwima oletsa kupha anthu, mtundu wa Sumatran (Panthera tigris sumatrae) uli pangozi kwambiri. Akuyerekezeredwa kuti akambuku 400 asiyidwa.

1. Narwhal

Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) ndiabwino kwambiri. "Unicorn zam'nyanja" zomwe zalembedwa pano mu Red Book of Russia ngati "mtundu wocheperako." Izi zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha - ife anthu tiyenera kupitilizabe kuthandiza zolengedwa izi kuti zizisangalala m'malo azisamba za ku Arctic.Pamene tikuwona kutheratu, kufalikira ndi kuwonongeka padziko lapansi kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu. Njira zambiri zakonzedwa kuti zithandizire abale athu ang'ono. Chilichonse chiri m'manja mwa anthu. Tsopano pali mwayi woti uone zolengedwa zokongola zoterezi zikukhala, osati pachithunzichi. Mitundu yodabwitsa komanso yofunika kwambiri ya nyama zamtchire imapempha thandizo. Timathandizira ndikuthandizira nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo limodzi.