Mitundu ya nsomba zam'kati mwachilengedwe, ndipo ngakhale m'madzi am'madzi ndizodabwitsa. Mukabwera ku msika kapena ku malo ogulitsa ziweto, azigulitsanso nsomba zamtunduwu kapena zamtunduwu. Lero ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono komanso yogwira ntchito, ndipo mawa padzakhala lalikulu fractocephalus.

Mtundu wa catfish ukusintha mosinthika, mitundu yatsopano (kaya ikhale yakale, koma yayiwalika bwino) ikuwoneka yogulitsidwa, imagwidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo imazika mizu mpaka pano yomwe siyinawoneke konse. Koma ngati mungayang'ane pamadzi am'madzi komanso amitengo yonse, mutha kuwona kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri za nsomba zam'madzi.

Mukadzayendanso pamsika wa mbalame, mutha kukumana ndi mtundu wamtundu wa catfish ndikudzigulira nokha. Komabe, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo ndikofunikira, osakwanira konse, kuganizira zomwe izi kapena mtunduwo umafunikira. Lingaliro loterolo lidzakupulumutsani ku zolakwitsa zambiri ndi zokhumudwitsa.

Nthawi zambiri mumakumana ndi mitundu ya nsomba za m'madzi. Koma kugundana, koma kumatanthauza kudziwa, ndipo ndibwino kulingalira momwe kola ya panda, nsomba zamkuwa ndi nsomba zamawangamawanga zimasiyana.

Ma synodontis nawonso ndi otchuka kwambiri. Amphaka amtunduwu amatha kutengera nyengo zam'madzi, koma muyenera kuganizira kukula kwake momwe angakulire, ndipo kuyambira 10 mpaka 30 cm, kutengera mitundu. Ndipo ndiwosiyana pamakhalidwe komanso okhutira. Kodi mukufuna mphaka yemwe azidzakhala mokongola mumadzi wamba? Kapena mukufuna nsomba yamphaka yomwe ingadye nsomba zonse zomwe zingafikire?

Zachidziwikire, sikuti ndi nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimapezeka pazambiri, koma pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana - mabuku, intaneti, akatswiri ena am'madzi, ogulitsa, mutha kupeza zinthu zosangalatsa ngakhale za mitundu yomwe yangotuluka kumene pogulitsa.

Magawo akuluakulu omwe muyenera kuwayang'anira mukamagula nsomba za aquarium:

Khalidwe

Choyamba ndi khalidwe. Ngati muli ndi aquarium wamba momwe mukufuna kuwonjezera ma catfish angapo, ndiye chinthu chotsiriza chomwe mukufuna ndi lingaliro lomwe lidzasanduliza aquarium yanu kukhala mabwinja. Mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu iwiri ya synodontis - S. congica ndi S. notata. Awiriwa ndi amvi kapena siliva, okhala ndi mawanga amdima akuthupi. S. congica ndi nsomba yamtendere yoyenera ma aquariums wamba. Ndipo S. notata, ngakhale siziwononga aquarium yanu, imakhala yopanda phokoso komanso ansanje. Chifukwa chake ma nsomba awiri ofanana kwambiri, amasiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Nsomba zotsogola kapena zamtendere?

Funso lofunika kwambiri. Akambuku ambiri amadyanso nsomba zina, ndipo kususuka kwawo ndikofunikira kufotokozera. Zaka zingapo zapitazo ndidagula nsomba yaching'ono yokhala ndi tinsomba tating'ono, tomwe timakhala tating'ono kwambiri masentimita 9. Ndinkadziwa kuti nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kudya nsomba zina, chifukwa ndidasankha oyandikana nawo mosamala. Msodzi wocheperako kumadzi anali Loricaria, pafupifupi 14 cm.

Zabwino, mukuti? Zolakwika! M'mawa wotsatira, ndidayang'anitsitsa m'madzi ndikuwona chithunzi chodabwitsa. Pafupifupi masentimita 8 a loricaria osauka amatuluka pakamwa pa nsomba yofiira kwambiri. Pamasiku angapo otsatira, idasungunuka kwathunthu m'menemo. Ndidakhumudwitsidwa, koma ndidaphunzira phunziro lofunikira - osapeputsa mphwayi zam'madzi komanso kukula kwawo.

Miyeso

Chinthu chomaliza chomwe ndichofunikira kutchula ndi kukula kwa nsomba zina zam'madzi zomwe zimasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi. Ena mwa iwo samayenera kukhala mkati mwake, amakula kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, pali mitundu yoposa 3,000 padziko lapansi, yambiri yomwe ndi yayikulu (kuyambira mita imodzi kapena kupitilira apo). Zachidziwikire kuti liwuli ndi lothandizika, ndipo ponena kuti ndilochulukirapo, ndikutanthauza kuti m'malo am'madzi. Palinso nsomba zazikuluzikulu zazing'onozing'ono (mpaka 30 cm), zomwe ndi, zochulukirapo kapena zosakwanira kumizinda zakunyumba. Ndipo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti gulu la nsomba lomwe mwakhazikitsa mu aquarium ndi liti.

Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha nsomba yayikulu yam'madzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagulitsidwa m'madzi, ndimtundu wofiira-catfish kapena fractocephalus. Laling'ono (5-8 cm), nthawi zambiri limapezeka pamsika ndipo limakopa chidwi. Colouring, khalidwe, ngakhale lingaliro linalake. Koma zonsezi zimatha izi zisanachitike - zimakula mpaka 1.4 metres! Ngati simukukhulupirira, ndikuwonjezera kuti kulemera kumatha kufika pafupifupi makilogalamu 45.

Kodi msodzi wamba wamba wamkati wamtunduwu angatani, ngakhale theka, ngakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aakulu, ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yaku aquarium yakunyumba?

Monga lamulo, kuchotsa izi ndizosatheka, chifukwa malo osungira nyama ali ndi zopatsa, ndipo kwa wamba wazamadzi kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Ndipo amphaka amtunduwu akuchira nthawi yozizira komanso chimbudzi ...

Inde, kwa am'madzi ena am'madzi, akambuku akuluakulu amphaka ndizomwe amakonda kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale kwa iwo kudzakhala kovuta kusunga nsomba zokhala ndi mphaka wofiyira, popeza zimafunikira kachulukidwe kakang'ono kofanana ndi dziwe laling'ono.
Mutha kuyika mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba, zomwe zimakula kwambiri. Koma ndikutsimikiza mumvetsetsa.
Ngati mukufuna kugula nsomba ya m'madzi - phunzirani zambiri za izi!

Sankhani nsomba zathanzi

Kaya ndi mumsika, mu malo ogulitsa ziweto, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nsomba za mphaka zomwe mumakonda. Ngati nsombazo sizili bwino kapena zikuwoneka zowawa - chokani. Nthawi zambiri anthu ogulitsa nsomba samadzisokoneza okha, koma amagulitsa. Pankhani ya mphaka, ambiri, amatha ochokera kunja.

Pa mayendedwe, amakhala opsinjika, ndipo matendawa amadzutsa mutu.

Mtundu wopanda mawonekedwe komanso wowala, zipsepse zathunthu, kusowa kwa zolengeza pakhungu, mfundo kapena mabala - izi ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa nsomba zamtundu wabwino.

Onani bwinobwino masharubu; Onetsetsani kuti sanafupikitsidwe, magazi kapena akusowa. Mutha kuzifanizira ndi nsomba zina zamtundu womwewo m'madzimo, kapena ndi chifanizo chanu.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu catfish, ikasungidwa m'madzi ndi ammonia yambiri kapena nitrate, machesa nthawi zambiri amayamba kuvutika. Kuwonongeka kwa masharubu ndi chizindikiro chosalunjika chakukonza bwino.

Matambala amphaka ambiri, makamaka omwe afika posachedwa, atha kukhala owonda kwambiri. Izi ndizabwinobwino, monga nthawi yoyendera kudyetsa kumakhala kopepuka kwambiri kapena kulibe.

Koma kuonda kwambiri ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Popeza nsomba za mphaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamtunda wokhazikika ndipo ndizovuta kuganizira kukwanira, funsani wogulitsa kuti agwire nsomba ndikuwunika muukonde. Kuonda kwake ndikwabwinobwino, koma m'mimba owotedwa mwamphamvu ndiwokayikitsa kale. Pankhaniyi, ndikwabwino kubwera pambuyo pake nsomba zikadyetsedwa ndikuyang'ananso.

Kunyamula kunyumba

Tsopano nsomba zikumanyamulidwa m'matumba apulasitiki odzaza ndi mpweya. Koma kwa catfish pali chinthu chimodzi, ndibwino kuzinyamula mumapaketi awiri. Ndi mitundu yayikulu, monga synodontis yayikulu, ngakhale patatu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'mphepete nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zowola kwambiri zomwe zimawunikira phukusi mosavuta. Ndipo ndizodalirika kwambiri kunyamula muli mumapulasitiki.

Kufotokozera

Catfish aquarium nsomba ndi gulu. Amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi pansi penipeni pagalasi lamadzi, komwe kumakhala kwamdima kuposa pamtunda, ndipo amatola zinyalala za chakudya kuchokera kumiyala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi silt.

Mu aquarium imodzi, oyimilira ang'ono ndi akulu oyang'anira banja la catfish. Kukula kwa amphaka akuluakulu, oyenera kubereka kunyumba, amafika masentimita 35. Kutalika kumeneku ndi komwe bulosha la pterigoplicht limakula.

Ambiri a nsomba zam'madzi samatha kudya, koma palinso ena omwe amadyera, chifukwa chomwe nsomba nthawi zambiri zimasowa. Choyimira chidwi kwambiri cha nsomba zam'madzi ndi mtundu wa nsomba za m'mimba. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi anthu ena ndi kukhalapo kwa minga zapoizoni, jekeseni wake ndi wowawa, ngakhale kuti sanaphe.

Mitundu yodziwika ya nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi

Pali mitundu yochepa chabe ya nsomba za m'madzi zomwe zimapezeka m'madziwe. Pakati pa oyamba ndi akatswiri, banja la catfish-lodziwika bwino limadziwika.

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafupa omwe amaphimba thupi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala aatali komanso owala kuposa zazikazi. Akuluakulu, ma tentacle amakula pamutu - ambiri opitilira. Pazakudya, nsomba zamatcheni amtunduwu ndizodzala. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi zomera, komanso amasangalala kudya zakudya zam'madzi kapena zikho za nsomba zam'nyanja.

Mitundu wamba ya nsomba zam'madzi:

Antennous kapena pimelod catfish. Amakhala m'mitsinje mwachilengedwe, chifukwa chake, ali mu ukapolo amafunikira madzi osakwanira okha, okhala ndi mpweya. Alibe makapu oyamwa, mosiyana ndi mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba zamtchire, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi moyo wapa mafoni. Ma Antennos ndi ochepa kwambiri - mpaka 5 cm, koma pali zimphona zenizeni zomwe zimakula 60 cm kutalika.

Mphaka zam'madzi sizimadya zinyalala ndi zotayira, chifukwa simuyenera kuziyambitsa izi zokha. Amafunikanso chisamaliro, malo apadera okhala ndi zakudya zabwino.

Kulembetsa

Ma tank a nsomba amayenera kupezeka m'madzimo, chifukwa popanda pabwino sangakhale osavomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, mabowo ndi miyala imayenera kukhala yokwanira m'madzi mu izi, kuti nsomba za mphaka zibisike pansi pawo masana, ndikupumula nthawi yabwino. Popeza nsomba zambiri za mphaka zimatha kukhala patokha, zimatha kuvutika kwambiri popanda pabwino.

Nsomba za Aquarium ziyenera kusungidwa, zosefera, madzi osasamba, chifukwa matupi amadzi oyera amasankhidwa mwachilengedwe. Kutentha kwamphamvu kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 22- 28 ° C. Chifukwa chopumira pakhungu komanso kupuma movutikira, amphaka a m'matumbu amadzuka, ndikudzaza mapapu awo. Khwalala limapangitsa nsomba kukhala zosasangalatsa ku kayendedwe ka okosijeni.

Kuwala

Akatambala amtchire ambiri omwe amakhala kunyumba amasankha nthawi yakuda. Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kuwonjezera kuwonjezera pazinthu zam'madzi ndi zida zowunikira. Amakhala omasuka ndi magetsi owunikira, ndipo ngati nkotheka kukonza pang'ono mthunzi wawo, ndiye kuti nsomba zimatha kusambira masana.

Zomera

Masamba tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha kutengera mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzimo. Kwa nsomba zamasamba, kudya zakudya zokhazokha zokha, ndibwino kusinthanitsa nkhokwe zochokera ku algae yokumba. Naturals adyedwa mwachangu kwambiri. Zomera zokhazokha, oimira okha omwe ali ndi mizu yabwino, monga cryptocoryns ndi echinodorus, ndi oyenera.

Kudulira

Nsomba za Aquarium sizoyera posankha dothi. Mitundu ina yomwe imakonda "kuphatikiza" pansi pa thankiyo imakweza mitambo ya dregs ngati yasokonekera ndi mchenga. Kwa iwo, ndibwino kusankha dothi losakanikira. Kupatula kokhako ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imatha kuwononga m'mimba ndi tinyanga ya nsomba.

Kusamalira nsomba zam'madzi mu malo am'madzi sizingachititse zovuta kwa eni. Mkhalidwe wofunikira kuti nsomba izi zizikhala ndi kudyetsa nthawi yake. Ngati malo okhala ndi dziwe, algae amatukuka, kutentha ndikuyenda bwino kumatsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti ndizosangalatsa kuwasamalira.

Momwe mungadyetse mphaka

Kudyetsa mphaka sikubweretsanso mavuto kwa eni ake. Ngati nsomba zina zimakhala m'matanthwe, palibe chifukwa chodyetsera nsomba zamatcheri. Amadya zofunikira zotsalira zomwe zimakhala pansi, kwinaku akuziyeretsa, chifukwa chake sayenera kudyetsedwa mwapadera. Monga chakudya cha aquarium catfish, zidutswa za nsomba, shrimp ndi flakes zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo azinyama ndizabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa oimira nyama zodya nyama, chakudya chimatha kukhala oyandikana ang'onoang'ono mu aquarium. Kusankha mitundu yotereyi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti catfish imatha kudya nsomba zazing'ono.

Ndi nsomba zingati zomwe zimakhala

Oimira wamkulu kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi chilengedwe amatha kukhala ndi zaka 100, koma nsomba zoweta sizikhala choncho. Kutengera ndi mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba za mamba ndi momwe akukonzera, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi mphaka ndi zaka 8, bola ngati nsomba za aquarium zimakhala m'malo oyenera.

Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Pogula nsomba, muyenera kudziwa ndendende omwe amapha nsomba m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse umakonda zomwe umakonda.

M'moyo, amphaka amtchire ndi amtendere kwambiri, musayambe ndewu ndi anthu ena okhala m'malo osungirako, koma mutha kuthana. Zomwe zimawopseza zokha zimachokera ku nsomba zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, zazikulu zakuthambo zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zimatha kumeza zomwe zikufuna.

Mitundu ina ya nsomba zamawangamawanga sizigwirizana ndi nsomba zomwe zimaluma michira yawo.

Mphaka za m'matchire sizigwirizana ndi nsomba zazing'ono monga ma guppies kapena neon - zimatha kukhala chakudya cha adani. Kwa anthu oyandikana nawo, ndibwino kubzala herbivorous catfish.

Kuswana

Kuswana kwa mphaka m'madzi kumatha kulimbikitsidwa pochepetsa kutentha kwa madzi mu madzi am'madzi. Nthawi yowaza imatenga masiku 5, ndipo panthawiyi, yaimuna ndi yamphongo yambiri iyenera kusinthidwa ndikutuluka - chida chapadera chokhala ndi malita 30 mpaka 70 malita. Mutha kuweta nsomba mu beseni la pulasitiki, ngati mulibe ufulu wina. Ndikofunika kuti muphatikize ma snag ndi mbewu kuti nsomba imve bwino. Kutentha kwamadzi koyenerera kwa kubereka kwa catfish ndi 1820 ° C.

Chachikulu ndikutsimikiza moyenera kugonana kwa nsomba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna; chachimuna chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso thupi lochepera. Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi kumathandizira kumayambiriro kwa kutulutsa. Chibwenzi chimatenga pafupifupi sabata 1, pomwe chamunayo chikuyesera kudziwonetsa muulemerero wake wonse. Amamugwedeza mzimayiyo, kuyesa kudzutsa chidwi chake. Akaziwo akamamuyandikira, mwamunayo amamugwira ndi mwana wake wamkazi, akuonetsa kuti akufuna kubereka.

Pomaliza

Ndizosangalatsa kuonera nsomba zam'madzi - zimatha kukwawa pagalasi, kuzitsuka, kapena "kupha" pansi posaka zinyalala kapena chakudya. Ndiumoyo wawo wogwira ntchito womwe umapangitsa kuti nsomba zamtchire zizioneka zokongola, pakati pa mitundu ina ya nsomba. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale woyamba kumene mu aquarium akhoza kupeza yekha chiweto choyenera, chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mitundu yambiri ya banja la nsomba zam'madzi.

1. Corey Som

Chopezeka m'madzi am'madzi abwino, Corydoras Catfish ndi nsomba yolimba yomwe ngakhale ma novice amatha kusunga chifukwa ndiyosavuta kusungira komanso yabwino ngakhale m'magawo 20 a galoni.

Ndi nsomba zolimba zomwe zimakhala mwamtendere ndipo sizimakula kuposa mainchesi awiri ndi atatu. Kwenikweni, mupeza momwe amakumbira pansi pamadzi anu posaka zakudya zotsalira.

Chifukwa chakuyeretsa kwawo, amakhala "odziletsa", kutola zonyansa zakudya ndipo potero amaletsa kutulutsa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi mu aquarium.

Cory Catfish ndi gulu la nsomba, choncho ndi bwino kuwasunga m'magulu a anthu asanu ndi mmodzi kapena kuposerapo, makamaka ngati ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nsomba zina zambiri.

Kusiyika okha kapena ocheperako kumatha kubweretsa zovuta m'moyo komanso kusinthasintha - amakhala amantha komanso osagwira ntchito.

Popeza ndi okhala pansi omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali mukutaya pansi pamtunda, pali chiopsezo cha kuvulala pamimba yawo yokhazikika ngati amasungidwa m'miyala yamiyala, ndiye pali zofunika zina zapadera zomwe muyenera kulabadira:

• Patsani mchenga: miyala yoyera komanso zitsulo zina zakuthwa zitha kuwononga antennae ndi bulges, sankhani mchenga,
• Magulu amadzi osasunthika: Ngakhale Cory Catfish ndi mtundu wolimba kwambiri womwe umakhala wofatsa zikafika kumtunda wamadzi, uli ndi malo okhazikika mu aquarium,
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Corys ndi mtundu wopatsa chidwi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunika kudya nyama komanso masamba.

Osasunga ma Corys limodzi ndi ankhondo aukali chifukwa ali mwamtendere kwambiri kuti athe kudzikana okha nthawi yankhanza. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti musawakhumudwitse!

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, Corys amatha kukhala pakati pa 12-15, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa zomwe akufuna.

2. Bristlenosis Pleco

Amadziwika chifukwa cha kudya nyama zamtchire komanso zamtendere, mtundu wa Don catfish umatchulidwanso kuti "zotsala pompopompo" lanu lachi aquarium.

Osati pachabe - mtundu uwu wa nsomba zam'madzi umatulutsa gawo lanu la m'madzi anu, ndikuyeretsa zotsalira za chakudya ndi algae.

Bristlenose Plecos ndi abwenzi abwino amtundu wina wamtendere wamtendere, ndipo amachita bwino m'malo opezeka anthu okwana 40 galoni kapena kuposerapo.

Chifukwa cha kupsa mtima, mawonekedwe achilendo komanso mtundu wolimba, Bristlenose Plecos ndi mtundu womwe ndimalimbikitsa ngakhale oyamba kumene.

Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu umakhala wocheperako poyerekeza ndi zina za nsomba zamtchire, zomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala mainchesi 4-5. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, omwe amawapangitsa kuzindikira mosavuta.

Mitu yawo yotakata "imakongoletsedwa" ndimakungu am'maso omwe amawapanga mawonekedwe osazungulira ndikupanga dzina la Bristlenosis.

Thupi lawo ndi lofiirira komanso utoto wotuwa, wobiriwira kapena imvi wokhala ndi malo achikasu kapena oyera. Ino si nsomba yokongola kwambiri, koma wathanzi kwambiri komanso yofewa.

Ngati mukuganiza zosunga Bristlenose Plecos, Nazi zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa:

• Izi ndi zitsamba: Bristlenose Plecos amadya herbivores, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwadyetsa ma spirulina ophika, sewed, phala ndi granules, komanso masamba ophika,
• Pewani zankhanza zankhanza: nsomba zambiri zamtendere zimayenderana ndi nsomba zamtunduwu, koma pewani zankhanza zowopsa.
• Pulumutsani: nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku, choncho khalani ndi malo ogona okwanira (matalala, mapanga, miyala) komwe angachoke masana.

Bristlenose Plecos ndiosavuta kuwasamalira, amasamalira bwino malo am'madzi osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi nsomba zamtendere zomwe zimatha kuyikidwa mu malo osungirako anthu pamodzi ndi asitikali ena amumadzi.

3. Glass catfish

Glass catfish ndi mitundu yapadera kwambiri yomwe imadziwonekera yokha mu aquarium. Nsomba sizingaphonyedwe ndendende chifukwa cha thupi lake looneka bwino, chifukwa cha momwe mkati ndi msana wa nsomba zimawonekera bwino.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lawo liziwonekera bwino ndikuti amasowa ma pigment kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale minofu yawo ndiyopepuka.

Chifukwa cha matupi awo achilendo, amatchedwanso Phantom Catfish. Nsomba izi zimapanga nsomba zabwino pagulu, koma ndizopanda chidwi, kotero kuti azisungabe ndi abwenzi amtendere ndizofunikira.

Mtunduwu umakonda akasinja otsimikiziridwa bwino, chifukwa amakhala tcheru ndi magawo amadzi. Amaphunziranso nsomba, motero kuziwasunga m'magulu a anthu asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi ndi njira yabwino yowonetsetsa kuti asasinthe komanso kuti asachite manyazi.

Mu chikhalidwe cha mitundu ina ya nsomba zamtchire, nyamayi imakhalanso ndi antennae, yomwe ili pamilomo yawo yapamwamba, ndipo imakhala yayitali.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe ndanena kale, galasi la catfish ndilovuta kwambiri, ndipo sindipangira izi kwa oyamba kumene.

Komabe, Nazi zinthu zina zofunika kukumbukira mukasungitsa Glass Catfish:

• Ndi nsomba zounikira: Izi zikutanthauza kuti samakondwera ndi kuwala kowala ndipo amayenera kupatsidwa malo okhala ndi malo okhala okhala anthu wamba,
• Madzi akhazikika: Popeza ali ndi chidwi pakusintha kwamadzi, muyenera kuyesetsa kukhalabe ndi bata (amasangalala pang'ono ndi madzi ndi kutentha kwa 70s),
• Mitundu yamitundu ina: Patsani zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimakhala ndi phala lalitali kwambiri komanso mphutsi zouma.

Glass catfish ndi mtundu wosangalatsa womwe ndimalimbikitsa kwa asodzi odziwa bwino ntchito zamadzi am'madzi omwe amatha kupereka zofunikira mu nsomba.

4. Pictus catfish

Catt Pictus wokhala ndi siliva wosasunthika wokhala ndi madontho akuda ndipo tinyanga yawo yayitali amakonda kwambiri okonda.

Monga nsomba zina zambiri zam'madzi, izi ndizodziwikanso nsomba, choncho ndibwino kuzisunga m'masukulu a 5 kapena 6.

Komabe, yang'anirani zizindikiro zaukali, chifukwa akamakula, nsomba izi zimawonetsa nkhanza.

Komabe, zimatha kusungidwa m'malo osungira anthu ambiri ngati muwasunga ndi nsomba zomwe sizili zazing'ono kuti zikwanire pakamwa pawo.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda mainchesi 5, motero sizikhala vuto kupeza matanki oyenerera.

Popeza ndiwosangalatsa, angafune zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi nyama komanso masamba - osakaniza apamwamba okumba, masamba, masamba owuma, shrimp yatsopano kuchokera ku shrimp ikuyenda bwino.

Pictus Catfish amatha nthawi yayitali kudyetsa gawo lapansi, kudya zotsalira ndi algae, koma onetsetsani kuti mumawadyetsa chakudya chokwanira kuti akhale athanzi ndikuwongolera mkwiyo wawo.

Komabe, musamawadyetse kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwachilengedwe, onetsetsani kuti mumasinthanso madzi masabata awiri.

Zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira:

• Asodzi a pictus amasangalala ndi malo akuluakulu okhala m'madzi , onetsetsani kuti kukula kwa tanki yanu ndikoyenera ngati mukufuna kusunga masukulu,
• Onetsetsani kuti ndi nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri m'madzi anu. : chifukwa chakusaka kwawo, adzasaka ndikudya nsomba zako zazing'ono.

Mitundu yamadzi yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu monga Opaline Gouramis, Giant Danios ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimakwaniritsa malongosoledwe awa zimapangitsa akazi apamadzi a Pictus Catfish kukhala amtundu wabwino kwambiri.

6. Clown Pleco

Anthu ammudzi ali ndi malingaliro osakanikirana ndimatsenga a Pleko - ena amati ndi nsomba yopanda ntchito chifukwa amadya kwambiri chifukwa cha matalala, ena amayang'ana kwambiri kuthekera kwake kudya zakudya zamtchire.

Ndili m'gulu lomaliza ndipo ndimalimbikitsa Clown Plecos ngati njira ina yabwino ku Bristlenose Pleco.

Ngati mukufuna china chake chocheperako koma chofewa, sankhani chowala Pleko, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi mainchesi anayi.

Clown Plecos ndi yamtendere, koma ingazule ndi kugwetsa ngalande yobzala ngati simusamala. Powapatsa iwo mvula yambiri, iwo adzakhala osangalala.

Kuphatikiza pa Driftwood, amasangalala kudya masamba, monga zukini, nkhaka, dzungu, ndi zina zotere, ngakhale osagwirizana ndi ena omwe amadya mwala. Komabe, zokwanira kusunga thankiyo ndi yoyera.

Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chake chapadera, Clle Pleco samakangana pamadzi, ndipo ndiwosavuta kusamalira.

Amakonda kukhala pansi kapena pansi pa thankiyo, ndipo amuna amadziwika kuti amakhala zigawo ndi amuna ena kuzungulira.

Kupatula kupendekera koyenera kwa mitengo ya driftwood yomwe muyenera kupereka, pali zinthu zina zingapo zofunika kukumbukira mukasunga Clown Plecos:

• Asungeni ndi nsomba zomwe sizingawadye: Plecos amakhala limodzi ndi mitundu yambiri, koma nsomba yayikulu imadya.
• Patsani thanki yosachepera 20 lita,
• Zimavuta kubereka: sindikuyembekeza kuti mutha kubereka mosavuta chizolowezi cha Plecos.

Clown Plecos ndi mphaka wa mbewe yolankhula yomwe imatha kukhala yowonjezera pamadzi ngati mukufuna china chake chachilendo.

7. Kusintha kwa Catfish

Polankhula za zinthu zachilendo, mphaka ndi nsomba yomwe imatsimikizika kuti isinthe mitu, koma osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwake.

Monga momwe mumaganizira kale ndi dzina lawo, amphaka amacheza nthawi yayitali kusambira ... chabwino, mozondoka.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti azisambira zokhazokha, mudzawonanso kuti amasambira mwachizolowezi, makamaka akamafunafuna chakudya chamagawo.

Ngakhale amasambira modabwitsa, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi Cory Catfish mu mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe.

Amakonda kusungidwa m'masukulu osachepera asanu, amaphunzira bwino m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya malilogalamu 30 mpaka 40, ndipo ndi nsomba zopatsa chidwi.

Komabe, ndi magulu abwino a nsomba omwe amagwirizana ndi nsomba zina zamtendere, monga ma tetras aku Africa. Popeza ndi omnivores, inu kubetcha azidzadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zigwira pakamwa pawo.

Ponena za aquarium, amakonda kubzala ma aquariums, makamaka ndi mbewu zotambalala, chifukwa amakonda kuwona kunsi kwa masamba.

Zinthu zina zofunika kudziwa za nsomba zam'madzi zophatikizika ndi izi:

• Amakhala otakataka kwambiri usiku. , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunikira pogona pabwino, monga mapanga, mabowo ndi miyala, kubisala masana,
• Imakwanira mitundu yonse ya chakudya: Mitundu iyi izidzadya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, kuyambira nthawi youma mpaka youma, ndipo ndikusangalala kudya msipu, zomwe zimatha kutembenuza mosavuta,
• Osachigwira ndi nsomba yayikulu: nsomba yayikulu imayesa kudya nsomba yakum'mwamba, komabe, nsombayo imangokhala khosi la wakudya, chifukwa mphaka imakula m'mphepete mozondoka ngati mwapezeka.

Ngati mukuyang'ana china chake “cham'mbali” cha m'madzi anu, mtundu wa nsomba zamtchiwu ukhoza kukhala kuwonjezera posangalatsa pagulu lanu.

8. Bumblebee Catfish

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako (mpaka mainchesi 4), nsomba zam'madzi za bumblebee ndizowonjezera bwino ku ma aquariums a 20-30-litre. Adalandira dzina lake kuchokera m'malo ake achikuda chakuda.

Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu umakhala moyo wachisangalalo, koma ngakhale masana amatuluka pobisala ngati akumva chakudya. Amakonda kukhala ndi tank yokhala ndi malo okhala komwe amatha kubwereranso masana.

Ngakhale ili ndi thupi laling'ono, imakhala ndi kamwa yotakata, motero imathanso kudya zinthu zazikulu, monga kufufuma zakuya kapena zopangidwa ndi madzi oundana komanso zosalala. Amathanso kudya nsomba zochepa zokwanira mkamwa mwake.

Amatha kukhala abwenzi abwino a nsomba zofanana, kotero nsomba zamtendere zilizonse zazikulu kuti zisakwane mkamwa mwake komanso zazing'ono kuti zisadye bumblebee ndi chisankho chabwino kwa womthandizira wa aquarium.

Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu umapezeka makamaka kumunsi kwa pansi pa nyanja, pomwe imabisala m'mapanga, pansi pa zomera kapena m'maenje pamiyala ndi ming'alu pamiyala.

Ngati mukufuna kusungitsa nsomba zazikuluzikulu zam'madzi:

• Onetsetsani kuti mumapewa nkhwangwa ndi nkhono: Chilichonse chomwe chimagwera m'nsagwada za njuchi zam'madzi ndi cholinga chawo,
• Odyera amphamvu: adyetseni posakaniza ma granules okuira ndi zinthu zanyama monga khunkhira kapena magazi.

Som Bumblebee ndi mtundu wofunidwa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa, chilengedwe chamtendere komanso chosangalatsa.

9. Chinese Algae Eater

Chinese Algae Eater ndi mitundu yayikulu ya nsomba zamkati zomwe zimakonda kudya algae zomwe zimamera mwachilengedwe mumadzi anu. Osachepera izi zili choncho, akadali mwana komanso wopanga.

Chinese Algae Eater imatha kukula mpaka mainchesi 10, ngakhale imakhala pafupifupi mainchesi 5, ndipo ikayamba kukhwima, kukoma kwake mu chakudya kumasintha ndipo kumadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono zomwe zigwira pakamwa pake.

Komanso sizosangalatsa kwa nsomba, zomwe ndizofanana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa chake izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha omwe amadya algae achi China.

Iyenera kusungidwa mumakina akuluakulu kuposa ma galoni 25, ndipo imakhudzidwa pang'ono ndikusintha kwa nitrate, motero ndikofunikira kuti thankiyo ikhale yoyera.

Kupatula izi, palibe vuto ndi mtundu uwu wa nsomba zamkati. Kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zili mu thanki:

• Patsani malo pabwino kokwanira komwe CAE ikhoza kubwerera
• Adyetseni zakudya zosiyanasiyana: Ndi mitundu yopanda pake, kotero chisakanizo cha ma pellets, achisanu, chamoyo ndi zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalala komanso athanzi,
• Asungeni ndi matanki ogwirizana: popeza nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza, ndibwino ngati mungawasunge ndi matanki anu ngati ma tiger, clown char, ma pigtails ndi malupanga.

CAE ndi nsomba yomwe imakhala yolusa pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe ndidatchula kale, chifukwa chake ngati simukudziwa zambiri, sindikuvomereza kuti zikuthandizeni.

10.Platidoras

Ngakhale sizomwe ndimakonda pa mndandandandawu (ndifika posachedwa), Rafael Soma wokhala ndi mitundu adayamba kukhala woyamba mwa zomwe ndimakonda.

Nsomba zimagwira bwino ntchito m'mizinda yamtendere yamtundu uliwonse, koma ngakhale m'mizinda zamtchire zowopsa. Cholinga chomwe ali zolengedwa zapadziko lonse lapansi ndichifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndi thupi lonyamula, zomwe zimawalola kuti azidzisamalira okha.

Amadziwikanso kuti "nsomba zoyankhula," chifukwa amatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana kuwopseza olusa kapena kukopa mitundu yamtunduwu.

Ndikupangira kuwasunga m'masamba 60 a litauni ndikupewa kuwasunga ndi nsomba zazing'ono zomwe Rafael Som amatha kudya.

Si mitundu yaukali, ndipo imayamba kukhala usiku kwambiri ikamakula. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake amakonda matanki okhala ndi mithunzi yambiri ndi matako.

Amasangalalanso ndi mchenga pansi ndi miyala yamiyala yamiyala. Ngakhale kuti mbewu sizofunikira mtunduwu, mbewu zimathandizira kuti zizikhala ndi mthunzi wokwanira.

Kuphatikiza pa thanki yotambalala, Striped Rafael Som ali ndi:

• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Dyetsani ana onse chakudya - zakudya zabwino kwambiri za nyama zokula kapena zotentha,
• Sungani ndi nsomba zofanana: Pewani nsomba zochepa kuti zikwanire pakamwa pawo,
• Mukamakonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito mtsuko kapena chidebe: spikes yake yakuthwa ikhoza kulowa mu ukonde ndipo mutha kuwononga dzanja lanu.

Ma Cichlids amapanga matani abwino amtunduwu, ndipo amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zamtopola za Oscar, Flower Horn kapena Jaguar Cichlids.

11. Nugget wagolide

A Plecos awa ndi amtundu wanga wachiwiri wamakonda kwambiri amphaka. Mayina awo amawonetsa kukongola kwawo - thupi lamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga owala achikaso. Zina mwa zipsepse zake ndimakaso achikaso okongola.

Kukula kwake kumasiyana kuyambira mainchesi 6 mpaka 9, chifukwa, pokhala chinsomba chachikulu, amafunikira zida zazikulu. Ndikupangira kukula kwa tanki 55 malita.

Alinso okwera mtengo pang'ono, komabe, ndi zolengedwa zabwino kwambiri zomwe ndizofunikira.

Pleco Gold Nugget amasangalala ndi zakudya zamitundu mitundu, kuphatikizapo masamba a algae, masamba atsopano (zukini ndi nkhaka), koma amadyanso zitsamba zomwe zimamera mwachilengedwe pamtunda wam'madzi.

Amakondanso kudya zipatso, koma osawononga, monga mitundu ina yazomera.

Zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira mukamasankha Gold Nugget Plecos:

• Sankhani nsomba yomwe imakonda kwambiri misika yam'madzi: Nsomba zomwe zimapezeka pakatikati komanso pamtunda wam'madzi sichizunza Gold Nugget Plecos. Mitengo ya golide wa Plecos amadziwika kuti amagwira amuna amtundu wawo kapena amuna ena,
• Patsani zakudya zamasamba ambiri: Amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma mu Golden Nugget amakonda zakudya zamagulu a herbivores,
• Chenjerani ndi mikhalidwe yamadzi: amakonda madzi ofunda mu 70s yapamwamba.

Mitengo ya golide ya Plecos ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale ndiyotsika mtengo komanso yokwera mtengo, atha kukhala kuwonjezera pamawonekedwe a anthu wamba ngati asunga nsomba zomwe zikugwirizana.

12. Mfumukazi ya Arabesque Pleco

Tsopano pofotokoza mtundu wanga wachiwiri wa nsomba zamtchire, tsopano ndi nthawi yoti ndikambirane zaomwe ndimakonda kwambiri, mfumukazi ya arabesque, Pleco.

Matupi awo okongola okhala ndi mawonekedwe achiarabu omwe amakula mainchesi 4 amawapangitsa kukhala owonjezera osangalatsa ku aquarium yanu.

Mosiyana ndi Plecos, Pleco uyu samakonda zam'nyanja ndipo ndi carnivore yodzaza ndi zakudya, amakonda zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimaphatikizira magazi, shrimp ndi mchere wamchere ndi gammarus.

Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chamtendere, kuwasunga ndi ena okhala pansi otentha ndi nsomba zazikulu sikulimbikitsidwa.

Nthawi zina, amuna amatha kukhala malo oti azisungirako m'mapanga awo kapena m'malo ena othawirako.

Sadzikayikira malinga ndi magawo amadzi, koma amasangalala ndi mphamvu yamakono komanso chosungira, chomwe chimasinthidwa nthawi zonse ndimadzi.

Zoyenera kudziwa:

• Asungeni mu thanki yosachepera ma galoni 20 Zotsatira zabwino,
• Pewani nsomba zamtopola kapena nsomba yayikulu kudya.
• Dyetsani chakudya chamagulu komabe, ena a ma Plexos arabesques amathanso kudya masamba.

Mosiyana ndi Plecos wamba, Pleco uyu samadya nyama zamtchire, chifukwa chake musayembekezere kuti zingadandaule poyeretsa thanki yanu. Kupatula apo, uyu ndiye mfumukazi ya pleklo!

13. Somik corridor panda

Mawonedwe apansi akumva bwino m'magulu a 6 kapena kuposerapo ndipo amakhalabe ochepa mwa 1.5 mainchesi. Adatenga dzina lake chifukwa chakuda chomwe chimakongoletsa maso ake.

Nsomba zazing'onozi ndizosavuta kuzisamalira, ndipo zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri m'madzi mu nsomba zamtundu womwewo, zimakonda madzi omwewo.

Popeza ziyenera kusungidwa m'masukulu, zimakhala bwino m'malo am'madzi okwanira 30-litre. Zakudya zawo ziyenera kukhala zamagulu am'madzi oyenera, zakudya zam'madzi za shirimpu, mphutsi ndi zina zanyama.

Kwa nsomba iyi, kachitidwe koyeserera koyenera ndikusintha kwamadzi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Komanso, pewani kuwasunga ndi akazi kapena akasitomala amakani omwe angawadye.

Pewani kumiza nsomba ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsomba za m'madzi zofananira ngati rasboras, tetras yaying'ono komanso yapakatikati, zebrafish, ndi ena ochepa a catfish kapena chikuku.

Muyenera kupereka gawo laling'ono komanso loonda, makamaka mchenga. Ngakhale mbewu ndizosankha, ndizabwino kwa mtundu uwu wa catfish omwe amakonda malo otetezeka.

Onetsetsani kuti:

• Patsani chakudya chokwanira, yomwe imafika pansi pa thankiyo pomwe imasungidwa m'matanki aboma Malingaliro abwino akumiza ma granules ndi mapiritsi omwe amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi daphnia, mikwingwirima yamagazi ndi brine,
• Kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi ndi koyenera: cholinga cha 70s otsika, m'malo mwa 70s apamwamba omwe mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, Panda Corydoras alibe zofunika zapadera, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10 ngati atakhala koyenera.

14. Julius Corridoras

Nthawi zambiri wophatikizidwa ndi Corydoras trilineatus, nsomba za Julii Cory ndizochepa ndipo zimakhala ndi mutu wamfupi komanso nkhope yozungulira.

Uwu ndi mtundu wocheperako wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimafikira mainchesi 2.5. Ndi nsomba zamtendere ndipo amachita bwino ndi mamembala ena a banja la Corydoras.

Amatha kupirira magawo angapo oyambira am'madzi, koma amakhala osamala kwambiri ngati thankiyo ikasamalidwa bwino.

Julli Corydoras amasangalala ndi magawo ofewa momwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya. Mchenga kapena miyala yosalala ndi yabwino kwa iwo.

Driftwood ndi zokongoletsera zina zilizonse zomwe zingakhale malo othawirako ndiolandiridwa. Zomera ndizosankha, koma mbewu zoyandama zimathandizira kuti pakhale mthunzi wokwanira kuti pakhale kuwala pang'ono.

Chowoneka mosiyana ndi Julii Corydoras ndi kuthekera kwawo kutembenuza maso awo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe.

Zoyenera kudziwa:

• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: ngati ma donks, amadya zotsalira, koma osaganiza kuti ndizokwanira kupulumuka, chifukwa chake adyetseni zopukusira, mapiritsi ndi zakudya zokhala ngati brine, daphnia ndi nyongolotsi zamagazi,
• Sankhani othandizira oyenera a aquarium: nsomba zogwirizana ndi monga zebrafish, parsing, tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pewani nsomba zaukali.

Ngati mukufuna kugula Julii Corydoras, onetsetsani kuti mumawasiyanitsa ndi Corydoras trilineatus, chifukwa nthawi zambiri Corydoras trilineatus amalembedwa molakwika ndikugulitsidwa ngati Julii Corydoras.

15. Bandit catfish colorado

Bandit Corys ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba zamamba zomwe ndimalimbikitsa omwe akufuna nsomba zamtendere, zazing'ono komanso zokongola. Khonde la gululi ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi chikuku, koma m'malo mwa kadontho wakuda pamchira, limakhala ndi chingwe chakuda kumbuyo kwake ndi kumalizira kwa dorsal.

Kwa mainchesi awiri okha, nsomba izi zimakonda nkhosa zosachepera 3, ndipo zimakondwera ndi akasinja ofanana nawo.

Bandit Corey ndi nsomba yowoneka bwino yomwe imakhala pansi, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya komanso miyala yosalala kapena gawo lamchenga.

Pamene amathera nthawi yake kufunafuna chakudya mu gawo lapansi, m'mphepete lakuthwa amatha kuwononga tinyanga tawo tating'onoting'ono ndikuyambitsa matenda komanso ngakhale kufa.

Zowunikira mu aquarium ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, zokhala ndi malo ambiri osambira, komanso malo okhala kuchokera ku driftwood, malo osambira ndi zomera.

Popeza ndi nsomba yopanda mafuta, imakhudzidwa ndi zovuta za m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake muyenera kusunga malo okhala ndiukhondo komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zitha kuvulaza nsomba zopanda mafuta.

Ngati zasungidwa mu thanki yapagulu, onetsetsani kuti:

• Mumawapatsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana: Kusankha kwabwino ndikwapukutira masamba, mapiritsi ndi nyama kapena mazira
• Asungeni ndi amuna omwe akukhudzana ndi aquarium: Pewani nsomba zazikuluzikulu kuti mugone kapena nsomba zankhanza

Wachigawenga Corey sakonda kukhala yekha chifukwa adzachita manyazi, ndipo izi zimafupikitsa moyo wawo wogwira ntchito.

Nazi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe mungaganizire ngati mukuganiza zopanga aquarium yamadzi oyera.

Onetsetsani kuti mwasankha othandizira oyenera ndipo nthawi zonse muziyang'ana ngati nsomba zanu zikugwirizana malinga ndi magawo ndi machitidwe a madzi.

Mitundu yonse ya nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe ndidanena m'nkhaniyi, ndizoyenera kusunga malo am'madzi, koma mitundu yambiri ya nsomba za nsomba imakhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo siili oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panyumba zam'madzi.

Zitsanzo za nsomba zamkati zazitali kwambiri kuti zikhazikike panyumba zimaphatikizanso peklo, nsomba zokhala ndi mphiri zofiira, plecostomy, shaki yamvula komanso ngakhale peko yachifumu.

Tsoka ilo, malo ambiri ogulitsa ziweto amagulitsa kwa inu, komabe, ndikulimbikitsa kuchita kafukufuku wanu musanagule nsomba.

Mitundu ya nsomba za m'madzi

Banja la catfish limagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, koma mitundu yocheperako ndiyomwe imakonda kwambiri akatswiri am'madzi. Mafani a pansi pamadzi amakonda kwambiri unyolo wamatcheni, omwe amapezeka pakati pa abale omwe amakhala ndi mafupa. Musanagule mtundu wina, muyenera kudziwa momwe amafotokozera ndi kukonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba za m'madzimo:

• Pimelodovye - mitsinje yatsopano imakhala m'malo achilengedwe, pamene amphaka awa amasungidwa, amayenera kukhala malo oyera am'madzi oyera komanso okhala ndi mpweya. Oimira a Pimelod alibe makapu oyamwa, chifukwa chomwe nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala amoyo wakhama. Kukula kwa pimelodovy catfish kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera kakang'ono - 5 cm, mpaka chimphona - 60 cm.

• Agamixes ndi zolengedwa zochezeka komanso zamtendere zomwe zimakula mpaka 10 cm. Agamixes amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, chifukwa chake amakhala otakasuka usiku m'madzi, amakhala masana kumalo otetezeka. Amakonda kukumba mu silika, kukweza nyansi ndi fumbi kuchokera pansi, motero ndibwino kusungira agamixes mu thanki yokhala ndi nthaka yopanda miyala.

• Pterigoplichitis - nsomba zokongola zam'madzi za m'madzi zoterezi zimadziwika kuti ndizoyang'anira dziko lapansi lamadzi, ndipo zimatha kuyanjana bwino ndi abale ena. Amadyetsa chakudya chomera, ndipo zikalephera, amasinthana ndi algae. Kunyumba, kwa pterygoplychitis, kubzala mbewu zochuluka kumafunikira.

• Antsistruses - amphaka amphaka amatchedwanso timitengo. Ma antcistruses amakula kutalika kuposa 10 cm, amakonda kudzilimbitsa okha ndi zakudya zamasamba. Thupi la nsombalo limakutidwa ndi mbale yamtundu, utoto umapangidwa ndi timitengo taimvi kapena yofiirira yokhala ndi zizindikiro zakuda kapena zopepuka.

• Makonde ndi okhalamo yaying'ono. Mphaka zam'madzi zamtundu wamtchire ndi panda zomwe zimakonda kwambiri mitunduyi. Oimira amasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chawo chamtendere - mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri pafupi ndi khonde ndi Kharatsinov ndi ena ambiri okhala m'madzimo. Mtundu wa makondewo amapangidwa ndi maolivi a maolivi ofiira okhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda, pamimba amapaka utoto wowala.

• Loricaria - nsomba zam'madzi zodzipatula izi ndi za chipolopolo. Loricaria imakula mpaka kutalika kwa 12 cm, pomwe zosiyana zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimawonekera bwino: amuna ndi owonda komanso amakhala ndi burashi ya flecy pachifuwa.

Zolemba zamtundu wa catfish mu aquarium

Aquarium catfish ndi nyama yosasinthika yomwe zomwe sizikhala ndi vuto sizingayambitse zovuta ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene oyenda pansi. Choyamba, kuti nsombazo zikulire bwino ndikukula mpaka kukula kwakufunika, ndikofunikira kugula dziwe lalikulu, apo ayi nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi zimamera mu aquarium. Pansi pa thankiyo muyenera kukhala chokulirapo, popeza mphaka zimatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Kukula kwa aquarium kutengera mtundu womwe wasankhidwa - ngati mukufuna kugula nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, ndiye kuti malita 50-100 adzakwanira. Kwa catfish yayikulu, miyeso yocheperako yosungirako ndi 300 malita. Magawo am'madzi amtundu wa catfish:

• Kutentha - 22-28C.
• Acidity - 6-7.5 pH.
• Kuuma - mpaka 10 dH.

Kusintha kwamadzi kumachitika sabata iliyonse, ndikusintha 25% ya voliyumu. Makamaka chisamaliro chikuyenera kuperekedwa kuukhondo wa m'madzi - ngakhale kuti nsomba za mphaka zithandiza kusunga bata, ziweto sizimadya zinyalala ndi zinyalala, chifukwa chake mwiniwake azisamalira izi.

Kuwunikira aquarium yokhala ndi catfish imayikidwa moyenera - kuwala kwambiri kumapangitsa zovuta zambiri kwa ziweto zomwe zimakonda kukhala panokha usiku. Nyama zambirimbiri ndi malo okhala zimayikidwa mu thankiyo kuti nsomba zokhala ndi mthunzi zikhale mwamtendere masana.

Mukabzala mbewu zam'mimba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nsomba zambiri za mphaka ndizomera ndipo zimatha kudzula maluwa osavala m'madzi. Kuti musunge kapangidwe ka tanki, mutha kuyika algae yokumba kapena mitundu yazomera:

Ali ndi mizu yamphamvu, ndipo amatha kupulumuka ku nkhonya zamphaka. Dothi losakanikirana ndi nkhuni limasankhidwa, popeza "nsomba" zamtundu wa chisangalalo "zimasankha" m'nthaka mu aquarium, ndikukweza zinyalala ndi zinyalala kuchokera pansi.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mitundu ina ya mphaka imatha kukhala kuthengo kwa zaka 100.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Kudyetsa mphaka ndikosavuta kuposa momwe zili. Ngati chiweto chikhala mu thanki ndi nsomba zina, ndiye kuti simukufunika kudyetsa amphaka - sangasangalale kutola chakudya chotsalira kuchokera kwa anansi, nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka. Pakusunga nsomba zamatchu, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuperekedwa ku mayadi:

• Chakudya chamoyo ndi chowundana: nsabwe za m'magazi, machubu, ma cyclops, shrimp, etc.
• Mapiritsi a Catfish ndi phala.
• Zakudya zodzala: nkhaka, sipinachi, nandolo zobiriwira, broccoli, ndi zina zambiri.

Musanayambe kudya, chakudya cham'madzi chimayenera kutsukidwa, ndikumadzala chakudya ndi madzi otentha. Ngati mphaka yemwe amakhala mwa tanki, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti anansi ang'onoang'ono amatha kudya nkhomaliro.

Chochititsa chidwi: Mphaka zam'madzi zanjala zomwe zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe zimatha kukoka galu mpaka pansi.

Catfish aquarium nsomba chisamaliro ndi kukonza

Makhalidwe oyenera oti amasungidwe komanso kusamalidwa bwino kwa nsomba za nsomba ndi nsomba zina zimawalola kukhalabe achangu ndikukhala ndi moyo wawutali. Mphaka amafunika kusinthasintha nthawi zonse ndi kusefa madzi. Ndikofunikanso kusankha chakudya choyenera chomwe chimapereka zosowa zoyambira zaanthu okhala m'madzi.

Kusiyana pakati pa mkazi ndi wamwamuna

Makhalidwe ogonana amatengera mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimakhala zopanda utoto wowala ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongolera thupi. Pamalo am'mimba, abambo amakhala ndi chifuwa chakumaso ndi bowo lozungulira. Mwa akazi mulibe chifuwa, kutsegulako kumakhala kosalala. Amuna amakonda kulimbana pakati pawo, makamaka ndi ocheperako pansi pamadzi. Akazi ali ndi machitidwe omasuka ndipo sagawa gawo.

Kufalikira

Kutchera mbedza kumatha maola angapo. Amuna amayamba kuthamangitsa chachikazi. Amatenga mkaka pakamwa pake ndikum'paka mafuta m'maso, kenako amapaka mazira angapo pamenepo. Panthawi yophukira, kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 22.

Yaikazi imayikira mazira opitilira 100-200. Pambuyo kupendekera, ndipo kutentha kumakwezedwa mpaka madigiri 28. Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku atatu. Kutulutsa kwa catfish, mwachangu amachepetsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 20 mpaka 22 ndikuwapatsa ana chakudya chopatsa zosachepera 4-5 patsiku. Pambuyo pang'onong'ono, wamwamuna ayenera kumangidwa.

Matenda a Catfish

Chikhalidwe cha Asomali ndi cholimba ndipo chimalephera kutengera matenda opatsirana. Koma ndikusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwama nitrogen ena, nsomba zimatha kudwala komanso kufa. Ambiri amphaka sangathe kulekerera kusintha kwamadzi.

Mutha kukayikira kukula kwa mkhalidwe wa nsomba ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya, kusintha kwa khungu. Ndi zizindikirazi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuchita njira zochizira komanso zodzitetezera.