Kodi mudamvapo za mbalame yomwe imawuluka mothamanga pa ndege? Ayi? Ndiye nthawi yoti mudziwane ndi mbalame yotchedwa Black Swift.
Swift wakuda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja okumeza, koma kusinthaku ndikokulira pang'ono. Mbalame zokhala ndi miyendo yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, yokonzedwa mwanjira yoti izithekera kuti zigwiritsike mopendekera. Mbalamezi sizibwerera kudziko laokha, popeza pamenepo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Kusenda akuda kumakhala nthawi yayitali m'moyo wawo.
Black Swift (Apus apus).
Pouluka mozungulira, mbalamezi zimayenda mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kugwa ndiye kutsogolo kwa mabodza. Palibe mbalame imodzi yomwe imatha kukwera mothamanga mumlengalenga, chifukwa mbalamezi zimatha kuuluka mothamanga kwambiri makilomita 180 pa ola limodzi! Pa liwiro ili, mbalame imatha kupikisana mosavuta ndi "chimanga" chaching'ono. Koma wothamanga sangathe kupitilira ndege yayikulu yonyamula, popeza mphamvu yamisempha imakhala yotsika kuposa ma injini a jet.
Mbalame Yothamanga: Kufotokozera
Timapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba mawonekedwe. Thupi la omwe amasinthasintha motalika limafika masentimita 10 mpaka 24, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 50 mpaka 140. Mutu wake ndi waukulu, maso ndi amdima, mulomo ndi waufupi komanso wowala. Mapiko ake amapindika ndipo ndiwotalika, mchira umadukidwa kapena wowongoka. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono komanso yofooka. Zala zili kutsogolo, misomali ndi lakuthwa.
Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, utoto wakuda ndi imvi, komabe, kusinthasintha pamimba kumapezekanso. Mtundu woyera ulipo, monga lamulo, pakubala kwamkati, pakhosi, m'mimba ndi pamphumi. Akazi ndi amuna powoneka alibe kusiyana.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zamdima zouluka m'mlengalenga zokhala ndi sola zimatha kuwoneka kulikonse, ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu. Izi ndi zovala zakuda zomwe ndizofala kwambiri m'mizinda. Nthawi yomweyo, kum'mawa kwa dziko lathu komanso m'maiko ena, kuchuluka kwa "m'tauni" ndi malo okhala. Mwambiri, mbalame zoyera ndi zakuda ndizofanana maonekedwe komanso machitidwe.
Habitat
Black Swift ndiyofala ku Europe. Itha kupezeka ku Africa ndi Asia. Swift ndi mbalame yosamukira, koma imakonda kukhala chisa m'maiko a Asia ndi Europe, komwe nyengo yake ndi yofunda. Swift ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako yomwe imakonda kukhazikika m'mizinda yayikulu m'makoloni, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri okhala m'matauni amatha kuyang'ana kuthambo lalikulu kumwamba. Nthawi zambiri, amayenda mozungulira pafupi ndi nyumba zomaliza. Poyamba, anthu akuda adasankha kokhala kosiyana - awa anali mapiri ndi miyala yomwe inali ndi wandiweyani. Mbalameyi imakondanso kukhala pafupi ndi anthu komanso maiwe.
M'malo otentha, kusinthasintha kumakhala kosangalatsa momwe mungathere. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe pali tizilombo tambiri, ndiye kuti pali kena kake kodya. Kukazizira kwa nyengo yophukira ikabwerako, kusunthika kumawulukira nyengo yachisanu kumwera kwa Africa. Anthu akuda amapezeka kumpoto kwa Asia komanso kum'mawa kwa Europe. Ku Siberia, mbalame zimakonda kukhazikika komwe kuli nkhalango za payini. Ambiri oyenda m'mizinda yayikulu: Kaliningrad, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Dushanbe.
Kodi kuswedwa amadya chiyani?
Mbalame zomwe zikufunsidwazi zimadalira kutentha ndi nyengo yozungulira, yomwe ili njira yawo yosiyanitsa. Ngati mbalame ya Swift ili ndi njala, kutentha kwake kwa thupi kumatha kutsika mpaka madigiri makumi awiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbalamezi zimatha kugwera mu mtundu wamtokoma.
Mphepete mwa mbozi zimadyedwa, zomwe zimakodwa mumlengalenga ndi mulomo wawo, ngati ukonde wa gulugufe. Ngati chakudya sichingatheke, mbalamezo zimagwera m'matumbo ndipo zimatha kukhala masiku angapo m'malo ano mpaka nyengo ikakhala bwino. Mphamvu imeneyi sikuti ndi akulu okha, komanso anapiye amtunduwu. Pakachulukidwe, amatha masiku pafupifupi asanu ndi anayi, pomwe makolo amuluka kupita kukapeza chakudya pamtunda wa makilomita angapo.
Maulendo ataliatali kuti apeze chakudya amatchedwa kusamuka. Mbalame zambiri zimabauluka, nthawi zambiri mu Ogasiti. Komabe, kachiwiri, pankhaniyi zonse zimatengera nyengo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za swwing zimapangidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Amawagwira ndi pakamwa pawo, ngati ukonde wa gulugufe. Khosi la wothamanga limatha kudziunjikira tizilombo tambiri. Chifukwa chake, mbalamezi zimawerengedwa kuti zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kusintha kwa kukhala kwa mbalameyi kumadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya malo. Matendawa atangokhala ochepa chifukwa cha nyengo, ndiye amasintha ndikusintha malo okhala.
Kuswana
Mbalizi zimakhala m'mitengo, m'maenje, m'miyala yamiyala, m'makola ndi m'mapanga. Zonse zimatengera malo. Wina wokhala ndi nkhalango, mizinda, mapiri ndi zipululu. Maanja amapanga moyo.
Chisa chofulumira chimakhala ndi ulusi wazomera, nthambi ndi nthenga zomwe mbalame zimatola pa ntchentche. Chaka chilichonse, mbalame zimabwereranso ku zisa zawo zakale. Ntchito yomanga nyumba imakhala pafupifupi sabata limodzi.
Mazira amakoloweka ndi akazi kwa masiku 16 mpaka 22, pomwe nthawi yamphongo imawuluka kukafunafuna chakudya. M'masoni nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira oyera, pamatha kukhala anayi kapena imodzi yokha.
Ma ntchentche samachoka pachisa cha masiku 33-39, kutengera nyengo. Makolo amawadyetsa kangapo patsiku ndi zotumphukira za malovu ndi tizilombo. Kenako anapiyewo amawuluka, chifukwa ali okonzeka kwambiri kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Progeny
Yaikazi nthawi zambiri imayikira mazira awiri, kupatula zina, mwina pamakhalanso zochulukirapo. Mazira ndi odukaduka, oyera pamtundu, kutalika - 2.6 masentimita, m'lifupi - 1.6 masentimita. Akazi amadana ndi mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amadyetsa iye pakadali pano.
Anapiana oswedwa amafuna chakudya. Makolo onse awiri amasamalira ana. Pakufika kwa kholo limodzi, mwana wankhuku mmodzi yekha ndi amene amapeza chakudya.
Mbalame zimadya zazing'ono osati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Wamphongo wam'muna sameza imodzi nthawi, koma umapeza mkamwa mwake mpaka atasanduka chiphuphu palimodzi ndi malovu. Pompopompopompo pamene wokonzeka amatha kumeza kapena kuinyamula kumeta. Swwing ndi osusuka, tizilombo tambiri timafa kuchokera kwa iwo, koma ambiri aiwo sabweretsa phindu laumunthu.
Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja, kukazizira kunja, anapiye amatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi: 2-3ᵒ C pamwamba pamlengalenga. Mkhalidwe wanjala wathunthu ukhoza kukhala masiku 5-10. Thupi la kukameta ubweya nthawi imeneyi limadalira mafuta omwe asungidwa.
Zosangalatsa
- Ziphuphu sizimatha kusambira ndi kuyenda, koma zimangokhala pa nthambi za mtengo ndikuuluka. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zimamwa, kudya ngakhale kusamba pa ntchentche.
- Pakakhala nyengo yoipa, ndipo asinthowo akamvetsa kuti sangathe kudyetsa anapiye, amaponyera mazira pachisa.
- Awa ndi mbalame zothamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwawo komwe kumatha kufikira ma kilomita 170 pa ola limodzi.
- Mitundu ina imatha kugona pa ntchentche, pomwe nthawi yopuma yotere imatha kufikira maola angapo.
- Kuthengo, mbalamezi zimakhala zaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri.
Zisanu komanso chikhalidwe
Swift ndi mbalame yomwe imakonda nyengo yozizira m'malo otentha, ndipo ndikutentha kwambiri imabwereranso kwawo. Swwing ndi phokoso komanso phokoso; Amakonda kuwuluka yekha, koma m'matumba. Mbalame zimakhala nthawi yayitali yambiri imathawa. Amapanga mapiko ouluka pafupipafupi, ndikuuluka mwachangu. Chodabwitsa cha mawonedwe ndikutha kuchita maulendo okonzekera ndege. Nyengo ikaloleza, mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimapikisana, zimatembenuka mwachangu ndikulira kwambiri.
Wothamanga wakuda ndi mtundu womwe mawonekedwe ake ndi kuperewera kwa kuyenda pansi. Komabe, amatha kumamatirira m'matanthwe otsetsereka ndi makoma osakhazikika chifukwa champhamvu komanso mwamphamvu ma paws.
Kusiyana kwa kumeza
Ma swows ndi maows omwe ali ofanana kwambiri muutoto ndi kukula, kotero nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa. Komabe, mutayang'anitsitsa, zikuwonekeratu kuti mbalame ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale ali m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Zingwe zam'meza ndizofanana kwambiri kukula: mapiko ofanana, kutalika kwa thupi lomwelo, koma kulemera kwa chikwanje chaching'ono kuli kawiri kulemera kwa kumeza. Amasiyana mitundu. Ngakhale kuti ma plumage a onsewa ndi akuda, kusunthika kumakhala ndimtoto wamtundu wobiriwira, pali malo oyera oyera pachibwano ndi pakhosi. Gawo lodziwika bwino la othamanga nalonso ndi mulomo wakuthwa, lomwe limawoneka kuti limadula thambo (chifukwa chake dzinalo).
Swallows imakhala ndi miyendo yabwinobwino yokhala ndi zala zitatu zoloza kutsogolo ndi imodzi kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mbalamezi, mbalamezo zimapumira mosavuta paziyenda ndikuyenda pansi.
Zovala zamkati zimakhala ndi mapisi apadera. Zala zonse zinayi zimatsogozedwa kutsogolo, motero ndikovuta kuti mbalamezo zizikhala bwino. Ichi chidatsimikiza momwe kugona kosinthika: amakwiririka pansi pang'ono, chifukwa sangathe kuyimirira. Kuphatikiza apo, zala zakutsogolo zimasokoneza zoyambazo kuchokera ku chithandizo, koma mbalamezo zikangolowa kumwamba, zimayiwaliratu momwe zimawonekera pansi. Kuuluka, kuthamanga kumafika mothamanga mpaka 170 km / h, pomwe kumeza - mpaka 60 km / h.
Kusiyana kwina ndikuti nyengo yachisanu ikayamba kusenga masenga amafika pomaliza, pomwe akumeza ndimayendedwe aku kasupe.
Mawonekedwe
Pakati pa abale apamtima pazokawapo pali mbalame yotchedwa hummingbird. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika mwachangu ndi kufuula komwe amatulutsa. Izi zimveka kwambiri komanso ndizitali. Kuyenda kwambiri usiku. Zaka za mbalamezo zimatha kudziwa mtundu wa nthenga. Mwa achinyamata ndiwotuwa, akuluakulu - amdima amtundu wabuluu komanso wobiriwira. Akalulu mbalame, amakonza nthenga. Miyendo yaothamanga ndi ya bulauni, yochepa. Munthu wokhala ndi tsitsi amakhala moyo wake wonse mlengalenga, chifukwa atakakhala kovuta zimamuvuta kukankha ndi kunyamuka.
Wofulumira amatha kuwuluka mofulumira kuposa ndege, koma falcon imakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu lakugwa. Mbalame ikafa mwangozi pa khonde kupita kwa munthu, ndiye kuti siingathe kuuluka yokha, ndipo imakwawa pamakona. Swows ndi mbalame zokhulupirika. Amasankha mnzake wokhala nawo moyo. Mbalame zimakonzekeretsa chisa chawo limodzi, chaka chilichonse zimabwereranso kumeneko. Ali ndi zisa kumtunda, pamiyala, m'mapanga. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi anapiye okongola.
Zolemba
- Boehme R. L., Flint V.E.
Mtanthauzira wamagulu awiri wa mayina a nyama. Mbalame. Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / Yosintha ndi Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Russia. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 151. - 2030 makopi. - ISBN 5-200-00643-0. - Jody bourton
. [News.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8539000/8539383.stm Malo osunthika kwambiri amatenga mbiri yothamanga.] (Chingerezi), BBC - Earth News (Marichi 2, 2010). Zabwezedwa Januware 1, 2013. - Arlott N., Brave V.
Mbalame za ku Russia: Zolemba pamanja. - St. Petersburg: Amphora, 2009 .-- S. 234. - 446 p. - ISBN 978-5-367-01026-8. - Kholodkovsky N.A., Silantyev A.A.
Mbalame za ku Europe. Ornithology yothandiza ndi chithunzithunzi cha mbalame zaku Europe. Gawo II - St. Petersburg: Wolemba A. A. Devrien, 1901. - S. 343-344. - 608 tsa.
Chingwe
Matendawa amatenga mazira awiri kapena atatu. Onse akazi ndi wamwamuna amawaswa iwo kwa masiku khumi ndi anayi. Nthawi ino zimasiyanasiyana ndi nyengo chifukwa chake ndimatha kusaka. Pankhani ya nyengo zovuta kwambiri, makolo amatha kuchoka pachisa, atataya mwayi woberekera ana chaka chino.
Anapiwe okhwima amatuluka chisa mwezi umodzi atabadwa, koma ngati nyengo sinali yofanana, atha kuchedwa ndi awiri. Achichepere akangotuluka chisa, amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
