Msodzi yemwe amakonda kwambiri asodzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi melanotenia kapena maran-iris iris (Melanotaenia trifasciata), mbadwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Australia. Imakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje yokhala ndi miyala, ikuuma pang'ono pang'ono m'nyengo yotentha. Malo omwe mungafune ndi pogona pankakhala dothi lamizu, mizu, m'nkhokwe zamadzi zamadzi zam'madzi.

Dzina lake lasayansi ndi Melanotaenia trifasciata, m'mayendedwe: kusukulu nsomba zamtendere, adadziwika chifukwa cha kusasamala kwake mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti m'madzimo ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati amadzipaka utoto, wopanda tanthauzo, ndipo kokha ndi madzi okwanira ndi kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kumawoneka kowoneka bwino. Zinthu zokhala ndi lakuthwa siziyenera kuyandikana pafupi: nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kuwapweteketsa.

Kufotokozera ndi mtundu

Wokometsedwa pambuyo pake, thupi lathyathyathya lachifumu lachifumu lachifumu lachifumu awiri, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pang'ono amtundu wowala wa lalanje, kumbuyo kumatanthidwa, maso ndi akulu chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndi chisamaliro chabwino amatha kufikira 10 - 12. woponyedwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Chingwe cha njirayi chimatchedwa chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yopendekera kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira, wokhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo wabuluu. Chapakati chimatchulidwa kwambiri kuposa china 2.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Pafupifupi zopatsa mphamvu. Pansi pazachilengedwe, chakudya chachikulu ndi crustaceans yaying'ono, tizilombo, zomera. Kuti mupeze mtundu wowala komanso wowoneka bwino komanso kukula kwakukulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musiyanitse chakudya, muziphatikiza chakudya chokhacho kapena chazizira mkati mwake.

Zosankha zamtundu
Kutentha kwamadzi - madigiri 22 degrees25 C.
Zizindikiro za Acid - 6.5 - 8.5 (pH)
Kuuma kovomerezeka - 8 - 25 (dH)

Mikhalidwe yabwino

Pa gulu la nsomba 4 mpaka 5, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito aquarium ya malita 120. Ngati pali chikhumbo chaulemerero wathunthu kuti musilira melanotenia, ndiye kuti muyenera kubweretsa malita 200 ndi kukhala ndi anthu ambiri, amuna ndi akazi omwe, omwe adzawapatsa mtundu wowala. Kongoletsani ndi mabowo, miyala, zomera, koma siyani malo okwanira kusambira kwaulere. Kupanga kofowoka kotsika kwamadzi ndi kuzungulira ndi aeration.

Maola ochepa patsiku amafunikira dzuwa lowala, kapena kuwala kwanyengo masana. Nsomba zimakonda kudumpha mukamasewera, samalani kuti muphimbe aquarium kuchokera pamwamba.
Amakhala ndi moyo wamtendere, wogwirizana ndi makulidwe, nsomba zankhanza pang'ono.

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Amuna ali ndi utoto wowala, wokulirapo, kumbuyo kuli malo otsetsereka kwakukulu.

Kuswana

Banja limasungidwa mu chidebe chosiyana osachepera 60 cm, limazungulira m'madzi, kuuma kwake ndikokwera pang'ono
wamba, zamchere. Amadzidyetsa bwino komanso mosiyanasiyana ndi chakudya chamoyo .. Kuluka kumachitika pamasamba ang'onoang'ono azomera, kapena pa nyambo kuchokera pamtundu wazingwe, patatha masiku angapo. Zomera zokhala ndi caviar zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuyika chidebe china, ndikuzigawa ndi gawo latsopano.

Caviar imakhazikika pasanathe sabata. Fry wowoneka ndizochepa kwambiri; kuti apulumuke ndikukula wathanzi amafunika madzi oyera ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 26-27. ndi chakudya chabwino chabwino. Nthawi zambiri iyi ndi infusoria yosambitsidwa bwino, artemia nauplii, ma cyclops. Kuyambira pobadwa, mwachangu amasaka mokongola. Nsomba zikakula, mutha kusintha pang'onopang'ono chakudya ndi chidutswa chosankhidwa cha squid.

Kufotokozera

Mmodzi mwa oimira odziwika bwino a mtundu wa Rainbow, mtunduwu umapezeka kokha kumpoto kwa Australia, madera a Northern Territory ndi Queensland. Pokhala nsomba yotentha, imapezeka pafupifupi m'mitundu yonse yamadzi opanda madzi, kuyambira mitsinje yaying'ono kupita kunyanja yayitali komanso madambo. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'madzi owoneka bwino komanso pansi pamchenga, komanso pakati pazomera zazikulu. Imasungidwa mwakuya masentimita 30 mpaka 2: Mtunduwu umasinthidwa bwino ndi kusintha kwa nyengo nyengo, ndipo mowirikiza umakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Kapangidwe ka thupi kamafupi ndi iris. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mtundu wake, ngakhale zimatengera kwambiri dera lomwe izi kapena anthu akukhala. Pali mitundu ingapo yambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa dera lomwe adapezedwa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi gulu lakuda lomwe limathamangira limodzi kuchokera mzere mkamwa mpaka kumapazi. Pamwamba ndi pansipa pali mikwingwirima ina iwiri, yosawoneka ngati yapakati. M ziphuphuzo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira kwambiri kapena lalanje.

Kutalika kwake, mtunduwu umatha kukhala ndi mbiri ya ma 18 cm, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa kukula kotere mu aquarium, kuchuluka komwe mungadalire ndi 10 cm. Kusiyana kogonana sikumagunda mwachangu, wamkazi ndiwodzala kuposa wamwamuna ndipo alibe Mtundu wowala kwambiri, wamphongo amathanso kuwona phokoso kumtunda ndi m'munsi mwa thupi, pamodzimodzi ndi gill. Maluso oyimbira amphongo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofupikira.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Tikufunika malo okhala ndi khoma la kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Iris amafuna malo okwanira opandaulere, komanso malo okuya a pansi pa madzi. Pewani zinthu zomwe zili ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa, nsomba zimayenda mofulumira kwambiri ndipo, kukhudza m'mphepete lakuthwa, zimatha kuvutika kwambiri. Kutentha kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana za 24-33 ° С; amakonda madzi olimba kapena apakatikati ndi pH ya 6.5-8. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti madzi azikhala oyera, kupereka kusefera, kusinthasintha kwa madzi ndi kusintha mlungu ndi mlungu (osapitirira 30%). Samadziyo ayenera kumaphimbidwa nthawi zonse, apo ayi nsomba zimadumphira pamenepo.

Khalidwe

Mwambiri, zamtendere, koma ndibwino osazisunga pamodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono kapena zosagwira. Amakhala otakataka, amakonda kuthamangitsa wina aliyense kuzungulira Aquarium, kudumpha kwambiri. Amamva bwino pagulu la abale - tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge anthu osachepera 6 mu malo amodzi. Monga oyandikana nawo, zebrafish, barba, mitundu yambiri ya catfish ndi nsomba zina zopanda nkhwawa zomwe zili zofanana ndi melanothenia ndizoyenera.

Habitat

Nsomba zimachokera kumadera akumpoto kwa Australia. Zimapezeka pafupifupi mabotoni onse am'madzi oyera kuchokera kumadambo kupita kumitsinje yachangu. Chofala kwambiri m'madzi oyenda ndi gawo lamchenga, wokutidwa ndi silt, masamba agwa ndi zina zomera zomera. Amasungidwa pafupi ndi nkhokwe za mitengo kapena kuzungulira mabowo kuzama mpaka mita 2. Malo okhala mwachilengedwe amasiyana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, komwe kumawonekera pakusintha kwa kutentha ndi magawo a hydrochemical.

Zambiri:

Kuswana

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphika popanda dothi, ndikutulutsa timadzala tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono kapena cholowa m'malo (pakuikira mazira). Amakhala ndi kutentha kwa 25-8 ° С, pH ya 6-8, ndi kuuma kwa 2 mpaka 16 °. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti muyike kaphikidwe kakang'ono ka mpweya. Sabata isanatulutse, melanotenia imasungidwa payokha ndipo imadyetsedwa bwino. Kenako wamkulu kwambiri komanso wowala kwambiri amasankhidwa ndikuyika malo owaza. Kukula kumatenga milungu iwiri kapena iwiri mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka, mazira azimayi amatulutsa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono tsiku lililonse. Kamodzi pa sabata, caviar imasunthidwa mosamala kupita ku chofungatira chomwe chimakhala ndi madzi omwewo ngati kutulutsa. The mwachangu zimawonekera m'masiku 7-12, "fumbi lamoyo" limakhala chakudya choyambirira.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mwachilengedwe, amadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi, ma crustaceans am'madzi ndi ma invertebrates, zidutswa za mbewu, algae. Chikhalidwe chodabwitsa ichi chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito muma aquariamu ambiri azakudya monga mawonekedwe a ma flakes, granules, etc., kuphatikiza ndi zakudya kapena zokuzira.

Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zaku Australia yasintha kuti ikhale ndi moyo m'malo osiyanasiyana, omwe amathanso kusintha malinga ndi nyengo. Chifukwa cha izi, iris imawonedwa ngati yosavuta kusunga nsomba, mosiyana ndi mitundu yapadera kwambiri yomwe imakhala m'malo otetezeka kwambiri.
Kwa gulu la nsomba zisanu ndi ziwiri (6-6) mudzafunika malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 150 kapena kuposerapo. Kapangidwe kake kamapangidwa, malinga ngati pali malo osungirako. Zomera zokulira, matalala, ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zitha kukhala zomaliza. Yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imadumphira m'madzi. Zomera zoyandama komanso kukhalapo kwa chivundikiro zimathandizira kupewa kulumpha mwangozi.
Ntchito ya Aquarium ndi yokhazikika. Ndikofunikira kusunga madzi ofunda pamlingo wovomerezeka wa pH ndi dGH mfundo komanso osaloleza kusintha kwawo kwadzidzidzi. Gawo lamadzi limasinthidwa sabata iliyonse ndi madzi abwino pa 20-30% ya voliyumu ndi zonyowa organic (zotsalira, chakudya) zimachotsedwa.

Kuswana / kuswana

M'malo ochita kupanga, nyengo ya kubereka sizinafotokozeredwe. Nsomba zimabereka chaka chonse. Kumera pakati m'nkhokwe zamitengo. Clutch imachokera ku mazira 200 mpaka 500, ndipo yaikazi imayikira mazira 50 nthawi, motero imatalika kwa masiku angapo. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 6-7. Zachibadwa za makolo sizinapangidwe. Ngakhale makolo, monga lamulo, osadya caviar, amayenera kusinthidwa kupita ku thanki yosiyana yokhala ndi madzi ofanana.
M'masiku oyambira amoyo, mwachangu amafunikira zakudya zazing'ono, monga ma ciliates. Pamene akukula, maziko azakudya azikhala nauplii wa Artemia, ma flakes ophwanyika, granules, chakudya chapadera cha mwachangu.

Matenda a nsomba

Ngati malowa sakwaniritsa zofunika, nsombazo zimalandira chakudya chosakhala bwino kapena zimayang'aniridwa ndi oyandikana nawo m'madzimo, ndiye kuti matendawa amawonjezeka nthawi zambiri. Irises amatenga kwambiri matenda a pakhungu m'njira zamatenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.

Kukhala mwachilengedwe

Njira zitatu melanotenia zidafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Randall mu 1922. Amakhala ku Australia, makamaka kumpoto.

Malo ake ndi ochepa: Melville, Marie River, Arnhemland, ndi Groot Island. Monga lamulo, iwo amakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zochuluka ndi zomera, kusonkhana pagulu, monga ena onse oimira.

Amapezekanso m'mitsinje, m'masamba, ngakhale kuyanika matumba munyengo yamvula. Nthaka m'malo ngati amenewo ndi miyala, yokutidwa ndi masamba okugwa.

Kudyetsa

Omnivores, m'chilengedwe amadya zosiyanasiyana, mu zakudya tizilombo, zomera, crustaceans yaying'ono ndi mwachangu. Mu aquarium, mutha kudyetsa onse chakudya chokha komanso chamoyo.

Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, popeza mtundu wa thupi umadalira kwambiri chakudya. Pafupifupi satenga chakudya kuchokera pansi, motero ndikofunikira kuti asamwetse mopitirira muyeso ndikusunga nsomba za mphaka.

Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamoyo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zamasamba, mwachitsanzo letesi, kapena chakudya chomwe chili ndi spirulina.

Aquarium yokhala ndi mauta osiyanasiyana:

Popeza nsomba ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kosafunikira komwe mungayikemo kumachokera ku malita 100. Koma, ndikwabwino kuchita zochulukirapo, chifukwa mukakulirapo mungathe kukhala ndi gulu lalikulu.

Amalumpha bwino ndipo nyanja yam'madzi imafunika kuphimbidwa bwino.

Njira zitatu sizabwino kwambiri pankhani yamadzi ndi chisamaliro, koma osapezeka mu ammonia ndi nitrate m'madzi. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakunja, ndipo amakonda kutuluka kwake ndipo simungathe kuchepetsa.

Mutha kuwona momwe gulu likuyimirira kutsogolo kwatsopanonso ngakhale kuyesa kulimbana nayo.

Magawo amadzi pazomwe zili: kutentha 23-26С, ph: 6.5-8.0, 8 - 25 dGH.

Kugwirizana

Ma melanotenia atatu-lane amakhala bwino ndi nsomba zazikulidwe m'madzi otetezeka. Ngakhale sangakhale ankhanza, amawopa nsomba zamanyazi ndi zomwe amachita.

Khalani bwino ndi nsomba zothamanga monga Sumatran, barb kapena moto wa Denisoni. Mutha kuwona kuti kusamvana kumachitika pakati pa iris, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka, nsomba sizivulaza wina ndi mnzake, makamaka ngati zimasungidwa m'mathumba, m'malo awiri.

Koma chimodzimodzi, khalani ndi chidwi ndi zomwe sizingayendetse nsomba ina, ndipo ikhoza kubisala kuti.

Uwu ndi nsomba yophunzirira ndipo chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi ndichofunika kwambiri kotero kuti palibe ndewu.

Ngakhale nkotheka kusunga nsomba imodzi yokha mu nsomba zam'madzi, zimakhala zowala kwambiri pamene zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimasungidwa pamodzi. Mutha kuyendayenda pazotsatira zotsatirazi:

• Mikwingwirima isanu ndi umodzi - jenda limodzi
• Maulendo atatu-atatu - abambo atatu + amuna atatu
• 7-atatu-kanjira - Amuna atatu + 4 achikazi
• Maulendo atatu-atatu - abambo atatu + amuna 5
• 9-atatu-kanjira - Amuna anayi + 5 akazi
• 10 kanjira atatu - Amuna asanu + 5 akazi

Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa chachikazi ndi chachimuna, makamaka mu achinyamata, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ali aang'ono.

Amuna okhwima mwakugonana amakhala ndi utoto wowala, wokhala ndi malingaliro abwinobwino, komanso wamakani.

Zofananira

A Melanotenia Cherry amakhala kumapeto a mitsinje ya Australia. Kufotokozera kwa Melanotenia Cherry
Nsombayo ili ndi thupi lokwera, lokakamizidwa mbali. Maso ndi akulu, milomo yake ndi yotakata, pamchira pali mabowo awiri. Maluso a dorsal ali ndi magawo awiri: woyamba ndi waufupi, wachiwiri, ngati anal fin, ndi wautali, womwe uli pafupi ndi mchira. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wonyezimira wagolide, kumbuyo ndikuda, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizoyera kwasiliva. M'mphepete mwake muli mikwingwirima yautali, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mchira, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Chipsepse chakumbuyo, zipsepse ndi mapiko amtundu wa caudal ndizowoneka bwino, kapena mtundu wa njerwa wokhala ndi mawanga agolide. Ndi zaka, wamwamuna amatenga thupi lalitali, amakhala wowonda komanso wowonda kuposa akazi. Mu aquarium iwo amakula mpaka 12 cm, amakhala ndi zaka 5. Kusamalira Melanotenia Cherry
Izi nsomba zimatha kutuluka yonse komanso mumitundu ina. Iyenera kukhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Nsomba zisanayikidwe, zimasungidwa kwa masabata 1-2 mosiyana, zimapatsidwa chakudya chamagulu osiyanasiyana. Tsiku lililonse, mbalameyi imatha kuponya mazira 50, omwe amasambira kaye kaye m'madzi, kenako nkugwirizana ndi masamba a mbewu. Chiwerengero chonse chimafika mazira 350. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa nsomba zachikulire bwino, apo ayi ayamba kusaka caviar. Gawo lokhala ndi caviar liyenera kusunthidwa sabata iliyonse kupita ku malo osyanasiyana okhala ndi madzi atsopano. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 6-7. Mwachangu amadzuka pamadzipo. Akuyang'ananso chakudya, chomwe poyamba chinali ndi ozungulira ndi Artemia nauplii.