- DZIWANI IZI
- Nthawi ya moyo ndi malo ake (nthawi): Nthawi yokhala ndi zaka (100-93 miliyoni zapitazo)
- Kupezeka: 1915g, Egypt
- Ufumu: Zinyama
- Era: Mesozoic
- Mtundu: Makina
- Gulu: Lizard-pelvic
- Gulu laling'ono: Theropods
- Kalasi: Zavropsida
- Gulu lalikulu: Dinosaurs
- Banja: Spinosaurids
- Mtundu: Spinosaurus
Malo okhala okhala ndi nyama komanso okhala padziko lapansi. Zimadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha "boti" lake loyera kumbuyo ndi chigaza, lomwe, ngati ming'alu, limakokedwa kutsogolo. Ali ndi chigaza chachitali kwambiri pakati pa onse ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (mpaka 1.98 m kutalika).
Komanso anali ndi mchira wamphamvu, kuwombera kumene kumatha kuwononga kwambiri mdaniyo kapenanso kumugwetsa.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mabwinja a buluzi wankhanzayu adapezeka ku Egypt, ndipo adafotokozeredwa mu 1915 ku Munich ndi katswiri waziphuphu wa ku Germany Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach. Chifukwa cha spinosaur, banja latsopano la spinosaurids linapezeka, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dinosaurs, wachibale wawo wapamtima ndiwosokoneza, analinso opanda mano owongoka.
Mudadya chiyani komanso mumakhala ndi moyo wotani?
Kusaka sikunachitike m'matumba, monga momwe zimadyera ambiri, koma modekha. Amatha kusaka pterosaurs ndi herbivores a nthawi imeneyo, kuyembekezera omwe akukumana nawo pomubisalira. Nthawi zambiri samapangitsa wodwalayo kudikirira kuti aphedwe, amayesa kumupha, chifukwa adamuluma.
Koma ngakhale zinali zonse, chakudya chachikulu chomwe chimakhala ndi nsomba, nthawi zina chimawombera nkhuku, akamba ndi ng'ona - adalowa m'dziwe ndikukadikiranso mwayi wowukira ndikudya nsomba zambiri momwe zingathere. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti amawoneka ngati ng'ona, monga iwowa, amakonda kukhala m'madzi, kusangalala ndi mtendere ndipo pokhapokha amayamba kusaka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuphatikiza pa nsomba ndi nsomba zina, ankadyanso zovalazo.
Zambiri zamapangidwe amthupi
Anali ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso mafupa amphamvu. Ngakhale zimphona zotchuka monga giotosaurus ndi wankhanza sizinathe kufikira zazikulu zotere; iye ndiye wolamulira wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pa ma dinosaurs onse. Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, milu yayitali, yomwe inkakutidwa ndi zikopa, idakutidwa ndi msana wa dorsal wa spinosaurus. Pafupifupi pakatikati, motalika kuposa omwe ali m'munsi mwa khosi ndi mchira. Chovala chachitali kwambiri chinali pafupifupi mamita awiri, kuti chikhale cholondola - 1.8 m. "Sail" idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa zazikazi ndipo inali chida champhamvu kwambiri.
Miyeso
Kutalika, akuluakulu amafika 15 - 18m, ma dinosaurs achichepere analinso akulu kwambiri - 12m
Kutalika kwa 4 - 6m (kutengera miyendo ya zavr yomwe idayimilira, 4 ndi 2, motsatana)
Kulemera kwa thupi - kuyambira 9 mpaka 11.5t (wamkulu), 5t - achinyamata zavr
Mutu
Nkhope ya buluziyo inkangokhala ngati nkhope ya ng'ona zamakono. Chigoba chinali chachikulu, koma chopapatiza kumayambiriro kwa nsagwada, momwe mudali mano osongoka (amatha kuluma khungu lililonse). Panali mano ochepa: zoyambira zam'mwamba ndi zotsika zinali ndi mano 7 zazitali, ndipo kumbuyo kwawo - 12 - 13 mbali zonse zinali zazitali, koma zowawa chimodzimodzi.
Nyali
Pakadali pano, zotsalira zonse za ma thumba awo sizinapezeke, asayansi adachita nthawi yayitali kuti ayambenso kuwoneka. Zimadziwika kuti anali ndi 4 mwa iwo ndipo aliyense anali ndi zopindika. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yotalikirapo kuposa kutsogolo, koma sanali osiyana mwamphamvu, i.e. anali ndi mphamvu kwambiri kugwirizira unyinji wamiyendo kumapazi awo ndikung'amba omwe awagwera.
Habitat
Spinosaurus ankakhala kudera lamakono la North Africa. Pakadali pano, zotsalira zake zimapezeka ku Morocco ndi Egypt. Ndi m'malire a dziko lomaliza pomwe anapeza kuti anthu akuluakulu amapezeka. Malo okhala dinosaur adakutetezedwa ndi mchenga wocheperako wa mitsinje. Munali m'madzi kupumula komwe chilombocho chimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yambiri.
Mawonekedwe
Malingana ndi malingaliro amakono, sipinosaurus amatha kutalika kwa 16-18 m ndi kulemera kwa 7-9 t (ngakhale asayansi ena amaganiza kuti kulemera kwa dinosaur kuli pafupi 20 t) ndikukula mpaka 8 m.
Spinosaurus "Sail" ndi chinthu chotsutsana chomwe sichidathetse kwazaka zambiri. Sitikudziwa momwe mawonekedwe onsewa adawonekeradi: ndizotheka kuti kutuluka kwa vertebrae kutalika kwa 1.8 m (molondola, malovu, chifukwa dzina loti "spinosaurus" limatanthawuza "buluzi wofiyira"), amangophimbidwa ndi khungu, kapena mwina iwo anali ndi minofu yamphamvu ndi ma tendon. Poyambirira, sipinishiyo anali ndi "boti" lakuthwa kumbuyo kwake, ndipo chachiwiri, chimtambo chachikulu komanso chazikulu.
Kodi “bwato” la chiyani? Sizikudziwika ndendende, koma mwina amatha kukwaniritsa ntchito za thermoregulation, komanso kulumikizana, ndikuyika ma dinosaurs ena kutali ndi iye ndikungowonetsa. Mwina inali yowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso yokopa chidwi cha akazi munthawi yakukula. M'modzi mwa asayansiwo adati kumbuyo kwa buluziyo kunali mgulu wamafuta womwe umathandizira kuti dinosaur ikhale ndi moyo pakadalibe chakudya chofunikira.
Asayansi akukhulupirira: spinosaurus imatha kuyenda pamiyendo iwiri ndi inayi. Zipatso zam'tsogolo, zokhala ndi zala zitatu zokhala ndi zibowo zazitali zakuthwa, zinkaloleza nyamayo kuti igwire zolimbirazo. Miyendo yakumbuyo inali yolumikizana inayi ndi chala chimodzi cham'kati, ndipo chotsalira chinali cholemetsa chachikulu poyenda.
Spinosaurus anali ndi chigaza chachikulu kwambiri pakati pa ma dinosaurs okongoletsa. Mwa anthu akulu kwambiri, idafikira kutalika kwa mita 2. Kapangidwe ka chigaza, komanso malo ndi momwe mano ake amafanana ndi ng'ona. 1213 mano akang'ono anali kumbuyo kwa kamwa, ndipo mano asanu ndi awiri kutalika anali kutsogolo kwa nsagwada.
Moyo
Chifukwa cha kufanana ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zina za thupi la dinosaur iyi, nthawi zambiri chimayerekezeredwa ndi ng'ona, momwe kukula kwake kungafanane ndi chibwano cha spinosaurus. Zakudya za chilombo chakale chimakhala ndi nsomba. Amatha kumugwira ngati ng'ona. Kutsata nyama, spinosaurus adabisala m'madzi ndikusiya mphuno ndi maso okha.
Malinga ndi mtundu wina, adawedza momwe chimbalangondo chamakono chimachitira: nyama yakale imayang'ana pamwamba pamadzi, kenako ndikulanda nyama yomwe idadya kumtsinje ndi pakamwa pake. Kuphatikiza apo, pangolin imatha kusaka ma dinosaurs a herbivorous, makamaka pachilala, ikafunika magwero ena a zakudya. Kukula kwa sipinosaurus, mano ake akuthwa komanso nsagwada zamphamvu zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ma sauropod akuluakulu adakhala ovutikapo: sipinosaurus inaluma khosi lawo, ndipo ma dinosaurs anafa mwachangu. Mwina buluyo anali kudya zovalazo.
Spinosaurs adakhala ndikusakidwa yekha, amapunthwa awiriawiri panthawi yakukhwima. Ndikotheka kuti amunawa anali okwiyirana.
Gulu
Spinosaurus adatipatsa dzina la banja la dinosaur, sipinosaurids, omwe kuphatikiza iye amaphatikiza baryonyx ochokera kumwera kwa England, wotsutsa komanso angaturama wochokera ku Brazil, zuhomim kuchokera ku Niger ku Central Africa, komanso mwina siamosaurus, omwe amadziwika ndi zidutswa za zotsalira ku Thailand. Spinosaurus ili pafupi kwambiri ndi wothirira madzi, amenenso ali ndi mano osalunjika, ndipo onse awiri amaphatikizidwa mu fuko la Spinosaurinae.
Mu chikhalidwe chotchuka
Spinosaurus ikuwoneka mu filimu ya 2001 Jurassic Park III, pomwe opanga kanemayo adawonekera pamaso pa anthu onse ngati wotsutsa wamkulu, ngakhale wankhanza adachita izi m'mafilimu awiri apitawa. Mufilimuyi, sipinosaurus idawonetsedwa kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kuposa wankhanza: pamwambowu, pomwe pankhondo yolimbana ndi omwe amadana ndi awiri, wopambana ndi spinosaurus, yemwe adagulunga khosi la wankhanza. M'malo mwake, nkhondo ngati imeneyi siyingakhale chifukwa chakuti onse amadinala anali ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala nthawi zosiyanasiyana, koma omwe akuyesa mafilimuwo adaganiza zokhazokha kuti atenge dinosaurs pachilumba chimodzi ndiku "onani mphamvu zawo." Olemba filimuyo mwina adaganiza kuti chithunzi cha wankhanza monga "wochita bwino kwambiri" chidachoka, ndipo spinosaurus adasinthidwa m'malo mwake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa komanso mawonekedwe ake oyipa.
Komanso, spinosaurus imawonekera mumakanema opanga "Earth lapansi isanayambe XII: Great bird Day", "Ice Age-3. Dinosaur Era (Rudy) ndi nyengo yachinayi ya mndandanda wongoyerekeza Prime Prime.