Scorpion (sea ruff) ndi nsomba zam'madzi zapoizoni za banja la Scorpion, zomwe zimakonda kunyanja zotentha (kuphatikiza Nyanja Yakuda, Nyanja ya Mediterranean), koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Indo-Pacific Region. Scorpion imakhala ndi mbola ngati ma spikes akuthwa, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi poizoni wowopsa, ndipo mafupa am'madzi am'madzi ndi mafinya amkati mwake amakhala ndi zotulutsa zakupha. Scorpion imafikira pafupifupi masentimita 30 m'litali ndi 1 makilogalamu.
Zakudya zam'madzi ndiz nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimadya ma crustaceans, mollusks, ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya, pomwe amadzibisa pansi pa miyala ndi miyala yamiyala. Scorpions amapita kukasaka usiku. Mikwingwirima yawo imabweretsa kutupa, kupweteka kwambiri, kutupa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumafalikira mpaka kumiyendo yonse kapena mkono pakanthawi kamphindi.
Letsani cube
Thupi la cube-box (box-nsomba) ndi la banja la Kuzovkov ndipo limakhala m'matanthwe am'madzi a Indian, Pacific ndi Atlantic. Nsombazi zimakula mpaka masentimita 45 ndipo zimadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe a kiyubiki: kumbali zamkati mwake mumakhala timinyewa tating'ono tophimbidwa ndi khungu loonda lomwe limapanga carapace. Maonekedwe achikasu owoneka bwino ndi mawanga akuda thupi la nsombayi amachenjeza ochita zolusa za ngoziyi.
Nsomba zokhala ndi Boxed zimadya algae, crustaceans, mollusks, ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Matupi amadziwitsidwa m'madzi am'madzi.
Popsinjika kapena ngati akuwopseza, bokosi lam'madzi limatulutsa poizoni m'thupi kulowa m'madzi, ndikuwopseza pozungulira. Nsomba imayika poizoni m'mimba, yomwe imawononga maselo ofiira am'magazi, kusokoneza ntchito ya kupuma.
Mikango
Lionfish (zebra nsomba) ndi nsomba ya poyizoni ya banja la Scorpion, yomwe imakhala m'malo azinyama zam'madzi za Pacific ndi Indian. Posachedwa, zebra simbafish yafalikira pagombe la Atlantic ku United States, komwe, malinga ndi ofufuza nyama zakuthengo, ndizotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa malo am'madzi oyambitsidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho Andrew mu 1992. Nsombazi zimakula mpaka 40cm ndipo zimalemera mpaka 1,2 kg. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wawo ndiku kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 15.
Nsomba yamkango imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira, yofiirira komanso yoyera pamthupi. Ali ndi zipsepse zazikulu zam'kati, komanso zamkati, zomwe amazigwiritsa ntchito kulumikizira minofu yovulala ndi jekeseni. Zilonda zaminga zapoizoni zimapangitsa kupweteka kwambiri, kutupa, kuvuta kupuma. Mlingo waukulu wa poizoni mu milandu yambiri umabweretsa kumangidwa kwamtima.
Pufferfish
Pufferfish (puffer nsomba) ndi membala wa banja la Skalozubov, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 90 ya nsomba zomwe zimatha kutupa, kupeza madzi ambiri kapena mpweya, ndikutulutsa ma spikes akuthwa. Pufferfish amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha, makamaka munyanja, komanso amapezeka m'mitsinje yamadzi oyera ku America, Asia ndi Africa.
Nsomba zazikulu kwambiri za puffer zimakula mpaka 90 cm, koma oimira ambiri amtunduwu, monga lamulo, ndi ochepa (5-65 cm). Nsagwada zawo zimakhala ndi mano anayi osakanikirana, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a coracoid. Izi nsomba kudya algae ndi invertebrates.
Pufferfish imakhala ndi toxin tetrodotoxin, yokhazikika pakhungu ndi ziwalo zamkati (matumbo, chiwindi, ng'ombe, gonads) ndipo imakhala yolimba nthawi 1200 kuposa cyanide. Tetrodoxin ndi poizoni wa neurotoxic yemwe amakhudza ubongo, amayambitsa kufooka, ziwalo komanso ngakhale kufa pa ndende yochepa (2 mg).
Ngakhale kuopsa ndi kuwopsa kwa pufferfish, nyama yake ndimakomedwe ku Japan, Korea ndi China. Ku Japan, mbale ya nsomba iyi imatchedwa "puffer." Amakonza kokha ndi ophika achilolezo omwe amatsuka bwino nsomba za poizoni.
Nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi
Nsomba zamwala (wart), wa banja la Scorpion, - nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iyi ndi nsomba yakuzama yomwe imakhala m'madzi osaya kwambiri okhala ku dera lotentha la Indo-Pacific. Ili ndi dambo lofiirira, la imvi ndipo imawoneka ngati mwala (motero dzina), ikusakanikirana ndi chilengedwe komanso kudzipanga yokha ngati seabed, ngati zinkhanira.
Mtundu wazilombo zapoizoni
Amabisala tiziwopsezo tating'ono ndikuzimbira m'mano ndi zipsepse, pansi pa zitseko ndi michira. Nsomba zanyanjayi zam'nyanja zikuphatikiza:
Katran (sharkick, marigold)
Alibe misomali, koma pali spikes 2 zakuthwa zakuthwa kumapeto kwa ziphuphu ziwiri. Miyoyo m'matumba, kudya ma mollusks, nsomba zazinkhanira, nsomba.
Woyimira pang'ono wa gulu la nsomba zamatumbo ogwiritsa ntchito ma spikes oopsa pokhapokha atayandikira "mdani "yo ngati chitetezo.
Poizoniyo ali ndi mapuloteni, amayambitsa edema, redness, kuwawa kupweteka. Imawonongeka ndi asidi, alkali, UV poizoni. Osapha. Shark ndi mtundu wamtengo wapatali wamalonda.
Zindikirani!
Mbola yokhala ndi mawanga amtambo
Ambiri okhala m'madzi otentha, kalasi imodzi yokhala ndi quatran. Amakhala gawo lalikulu la moyo wake ataikidwa mumchenga kuti asabisike ndikuyang'anira nyama. Chimawoneka ngati poto lathyathyathya lokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola amtambo, koma "ali ndi zida" komanso owopsa.
Spike yokhala ndi poyizoni (yomwe katundu wake samamvetsetsa bwino) imapezeka mchira, womwe ramp singagwiritsenso ntchito pongodziteteza, komanso pakuwukira.
Mbidzi za nsomba za Zebra (zamizeremizere zam'madzi)
Mphepete zazikulu komanso zokongola zamtundu wazinyama zamizeremizere zimakopa chidwi cha nsomba zazing'ono komanso osadziwa zambiri omwe adaganiza zogunda zakuya kwa nyanja pafupi ndi Asia kapena Australia.
Poizoni yemwe amapezeka mkati mwa kaphimbidwe kamayambitsa ziwalo zam'mimba ndikupuma. Popanda thandizo la panthawi yake, zotsatira zakupha sizingalephereke.
Wart (mwala nsomba)
Choyaka chowoneka ngati miyala yamwala ndi miyala. Uwu ndi katswiri wazoyeserera komanso nsomba zam'madzi kwambiri zapoizoni. Nsomba zimafanana ndi mulu woyandama, wopangidwa ndi zophuka, ma tubercle ndi minga zapoizoni. Jakisoni amabweretsa ziwalo, chifukwa chomenyedwayo amafunika kusambira kupita kumtunda mofulumira.
Ngati palibe antiidote pafupi, ndiye kuti tsamba la jakisoni limatenthetsedwa ndi madzi otentha kwambiri kapena wowotchera tsitsi. Kutentha pang'ono kumawononga poizoni, ndikuchepetsa poizoni.
Malo a 10. Mbidzi ya nsomba
Kokongola ndi kuyenda kwa mbewa zambiri kumatha kusokeretsa munthu yemwe adakumana ndi nsomba ya mbidzi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti lionfish. M'mphepete mwa nkhono za mkango wamalango mumakhala minga yambiri, jekeseni omwe amatha kupweteketsa. Mphamvu ya poizoni imatha kukhala yolimba kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kuyambitsa minofu necrosis pamalo a zotupa.
Mbalame ya mkango ndiyowopsa makamaka pakusambira. Malo ake akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi miyala yooneka bwino ya coral. Ngati, mwa kunyalanyaza, mkango wamkango ukhudzidwa, kuvulala komwe kumayambika kungalepheretse osayanjikayo kuyandama pamwamba.
Komabe, mwapadera, mkango wa mkango suukira aliyense. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo imabisala kapena kugona pansi nthawi yayitali. Zili mwa mitundu ya zinkhanira, okhala m'dera la Indo-Pacific. Ngakhale kuti imawoneka mwamtendere komanso ulesi, nsomba ya mbidzi imakonda kudya zocheperako usiku.
Kukongola ndi kukongola kwa cholengedwa cham'madzichi kunapangitsa munthu "kubzala" nsomba zamkango, ndipo kwa zaka makumi angapo zimatha kupezeka m'malo am'madzi omwe amakonzanso mawonekedwe a nyanjayi.
Chinjoka cha Big Sea / Trachinus draco
Nsomba zodya nyama zamtunduwu zimatchedwanso chinkhanira cha mnyanja, chifukwa minyewa yake imakhala ndi timene timayamwa. Ma spikes awa ali pamapiko ndi zipsepse za chinjoka.
Amakhala ku Atlantic, komanso m'madzi a Mediterranean ndi Black Seas. Amakula mpaka masentimita 45, ndipo amakhala a percussion. Yodikirira nyama, imadziphimba mumata kapena pamchenga pansi, ndipo imangokhala maso okha. Koma chinjokacho chija chabedwa. Nyamayi imatheka, ndipo m'malesitanti a ku Europe ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri.
Kwa anthu, kukhudza kandumbwa kokhala ndi poyizoni kumakhala kowawa. Nsombayo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zolengedwa zam'madzi kwambiri ku Europe. M'mbiri, kumwalira kudalembedwa pambuyo pa msonkhano wa munthu ndi chinjoka chachikulu cha kunyanja.
Mwa njira, patsamba lathu ambiri-be).ru pali nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza zansomba za nsomba.
Malo a 9. Shark katran
Shaki yaku Katran ndi chizindikiro cha Nyanja Yakuda - kupatula apo, ndi shaki yeniyeni yaku Russia. Asodzi amatcha katrana "galu wanyanja" chifukwa ali ndi chidziwitso chowononga maukonde kapena kudya nsomba zomwe zingwe. Komanso, shaki imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Bering komanso m'malo otentha padziko lonse lapansi.
Kukula kwapakatikati pa katran ndi 1-1,5 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 16 kg. Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, kapangidwe ka thupi, mano ndi utoto wake ndizoyimira banja la shaki.
Galu wagombe samazunza munthu, ngakhale kuti amakonda kusaka pafupi ndi gombe. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, katran amayesetsa kupewa msonkhano woterewu, kuchoka pamalo osungira anthu. Pamaso pake pali nkhonya zokulira patsogolo pa zipsepse zamkati mwa katran, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakupha. Poizoni amaonedwa ngati woopsa, koma wofooka, koma amatha kupweteka kwambiri ndikutupa pamalo a zotupa.
Kwa zaka makumi angapo, kusodza kwa mafakitale kwa quatrans kwachitika: ali ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri, ndipo ziwalo zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala.
Mbawala zam'nyanja
Mitundu ya nsomba zapoizoni pezani 9 mwa mayina awo. Onse amakhala m'madzi a nyengo yotentha ndipo samapitirira kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Dragons ndi amodzi amawonedwe.
Poizoni pama puloni amadzazidwa ndi chinsalu pachikuto cha gill ndi axis ya dorsal fin. Toxin ndi puloteni wovuta. Imasokoneza machitidwe ozungulira komanso amanjenje. Njoka yaukali ili ndi zotsatira zofananazo. Mwachilengedwe, ndi zofanana ndi poizoni wazakudya zam'madzi.
Kwa anthu, poizoni wawo sapha, koma amayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri, kuwotcha, kumabweretsa kutupa kwa minofuyo. Nyama ya chinjoka imadziwika kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali.
Ma dragons ang'onoang'ono ndi oyimira poizoni a Black Sea
Malo a 8. Puffer nsomba
Nsomba za Puffer sindiwo dzina la mtundu wina wa nsomba, koma zamtengo wapatali zaku Japan zopangidwa kuchokera kwa woimira banja la nsomba za puffer. Amakhala makamaka munyanja zotentha. Koma zimapezekanso m'mitsinje yatsopano ya Africa ndi South America. Masamba otchedwa pufferfish chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake: masikelo amasanduka spikes nsomba zikagunda ndi mantha.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi m'mimba mwa cholengedwachi zimakhala ndi poizoni wa poizoni, tetrodotoxin, pomwe palibe mankhwala othandizira. Kamodzi m'mimba, tetrodotoxin imayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri, kenako ziwalo zam'mimba, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma.
Pufferfish adakhala wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kutchuka kwawo pokonza mbale zotchuka ku Japan ndi South Korea. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu pafupifupi 20 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha poizoni ndi zotere. Izi sizikhumudwitsa otsimikiza kuti aziika moyo wawo pachiwopsezo kuti akukulitse zakuthambo zawo. Mtengo wa mbale yakufa ukhoza kupitilira $ 500.
Posachedwa, asayansi akuti abweretsa mawonekedwe otetezeka a pufferfish. Kaya izi zingakhudze kutchuka kwa zakudya zam'mimba zapoizoni sizikudziwika.
Madokota
Izi nsomba zakupha zam'nyanja ndi mbola, ndiye kuti, adabowola ndipo zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a rhombus. Mchira wa kanjira nthawi zonse umakhala wopanda ndalama, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi kutuluka kwa acicular. Amachitidwanso chiwembu. Iwo, monga stingrays ena, ndi abale apamtima a asodzi. Malinga ndi izi, mbola sikhala ndi mafupa. Mafupa amasinthidwa ndi cartilage.
Stingray munyanja 80 mitundu. Ziwopsezo zawo ndizosiyana. Poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri amakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino amtambo.
Stingray yokhala ndi mawonedwe abuluu ndiyoizoni wakupha kwambiri wa mbola
Amodzi mwa anthu 100 alionse omwe adawalowetsa nawo amafa. Chiwerengero cha ozunzidwa pachaka ndi chofanana ndi masauzande. M'mphepete mwa North America, mwachitsanzo, miyezi khumi ndi iwiri iliyonse milandu yotsutsa ya stingray inalembedwa. Poizoni wawo ali ndi vuto la neurotropic, lomwe limakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje. Poxin imayambitsa kupweteka kwapompopompo
Pakati pa stingr pali madzi abwino. Mmodzi mwa mitunduyi amakhala, mwachitsanzo, ku Amazon. Kuyambira kale, Amwenye omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwake adapanga mivi yoyala, mikondo, mikondo kuchokera ku nsomba za nsomba.
Marine lionfish
Ndi a banja la chinkhanira. Kunja, mtundu wa mkango umasiyanitsidwa ndi zipsepse zokulira. Zimatha kupitirira ndi anal, zokhala ngati mapiko. Komabe mikango yamkango imasiyanitsidwa ndi masingano otchulidwa mu dorsal fin. Pali minga pamutu pa nsomba. Singano iliyonse ili ndi poizoni. Komabe, kuchotsa minga, mikango, monga zinkhanira zina, zimatha kudyedwa.
Maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi a nkhono zam'madzi ndi chifukwa chosunga nsomba m'madzi. Makulidwe ang'onoang'ono amakulolani kuti muzisilira nsomba kunyumba. Mutha kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya nsomba za mkango. Mitundu yonse ya chinkhanira ndiy 100. Lionfish mmenemo ndi amodzi mwa genera.
Ngakhale kuopsa kwa nsomba zamkango, nthawi zambiri zimaziyang'anira m'madzi chifukwa chakuwoneka bwino.
Nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri pakati pa lionfish - wart. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa mwala. Dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi kubisala kwa warts pansi pa matanthwe a nyanja, masiponji. Nsombayo imakhala ndi zophukira, ma tubercles, spikes. Zotsirizazo ndizopweteka. Toxin imabweretsa kufooka, koma pali mankhwala.
Ngati izi siziri pafupi, malo opaka jakisoni amatenthedwa kwambiri monga momwe angathere, mwachitsanzo, kumiza m'madzi otentha kapena kulowererapo pansi pa ovala tsitsi. Izi zimachepetsa ululu, pang'ono pokha zimapangitsa kuti poizoniyo akhale ndi poizoni.
Wart kapena nsomba mwala modzibisa
Milamba yam'nyanja zamchere
Uwu ndi mtundu wa nsomba. Ili ndi mitundu 110 ya nsomba. Zonse zimakhudzana ndi chinkhanira. Monga bass mitsinje, nsomba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zipsepse za dorsal. Ma axel omwe ali mmenemo ndi 13-15. Pali spikes pazokumba kwa gill. Muminga - poyizoni.
Ikabayidwa, imalowetsa chilondacho limodzi ndi ntchofu yomwe imaphimba timapeto ndi zipsepse za perch. Poizoni amafalikira kudzera m'mitsempha ya m'mimba, ndikupangitsa lymphadenitis. Uku ndikuwonjezereka kwa ma lymph node. Umu ndi momwe machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi amachitikira poizoni.
Pamalowo jekeseni wokhala ndi ma spass a nyanja, kupweteka komanso kutupa zimakula msanga. Komabe, poizoni wa nsomba amakhala osakhazikika, amawonongeka ndi alkalis, kuwala kwa ultraviolet komanso kutentha. Poizoni wam'madzi am'nyanja ya Barents ndiwofowoka kwambiri. Mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya Pacific. Ngati poyizoni adabayidwa kangapo mwa munthu m'modzi, kumangidwa kupuma ndikotheka.
Milamba yam'nyanja zamchere
Dokotala waku Arabu
Amatembenukira banja la opaleshoni. Ili ndi dongosolo lamalingaliro. Chifukwa chake, poizoni wa nsomba amafanana ndi poizoni wa nsomba zam'nyanja, amawonongedwa ndikutentha. Komabe, maonekedwe a dokotala wa opaleshoniyo sakutengera mawonekedwe a abale.
Thupi la nsomba limasanjidwa mwamphamvu pambuyo pake, lalitali. Ndalama zoyeserera za dokotalayo zili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Colours zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu. Opanga maopaleshoni ambiri amakhala ndi maulendo, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yowala ndi mawanga.
Banja la mitundu 80 ya nsomba. Iliyonse pansi ndi pamwamba pa mchirayo imakhala ndi ulusi wakuthwa. Amakhala ngati scalpels. Dzina la nsomba limalumikizidwa ndi izi. Amakhala osapitilira masentimita 40 kutalika kwake, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosungira nyama mu aquarium.
Dokotala wachipembedzo wa ku Arab ndiamene amakonda kwambiri banja. nsomba zapoizoni za Nyanja Yofiila. Kumeneku, nyamayi imakonda kulimbana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scuba.
Dokotalayo adatcha nsomba chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe zimafanana ndi scalpel
Kachiwiri nsomba zakupha
Kachiwiri nsomba zapoizoni zimadziunjikira saxitoxin. Izi si mapuloteni, koma zamchere zokhudzana ndi mankhwala a purine. Ululuwo uli ndi ma plankton dinoflagellates komanso maollamu ambiri. Amayenera kupeza mankhwalawa kuchokera ku alicellular algae, ndi omwe amachokera kumadzi, akudziunjikira zinthuzo pazinthu zina.
Nyanja zam'madzi
Izi nsomba zakupha zam'nyanja madzi otentha amasankhidwa, mpaka kufika pafupifupi 3 mita kutalika. Nthawi zina ma eels amadya chipolopolo, chomwe chimadya peridinium. Awa ndi ma flagellates. Chodabwitsa cha mafunde ofiira chimalumikizana nawo.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa crustaceans, madzi am'nyanja amasanduka ofiira. Komabe, nsomba zambiri zimafa, koma ma eel adazolowera poizoni. Amangoisunga pakhungu, ziwalo zamisala.
Kupha poizoni ndi eel nyama kumakhala kuyabwa ndi kuyabwa, miyendo, lilime, m'mimba komanso kumeza movutikira. Poterepa, kulawa kwazitsulo kumamveka pakamwa. Pafupifupi 10% ya poizoni adofa ziwalo, kenako nkufa.
Nyanja zam'madzi
Nsomba ya makerele
Banja limaphatikizapo tuna, mackerel, mackerel, bonito. Onsewa ndi chakudya. Tuna imawonedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali. Mu nsomba zakupha za mdziko mackerel "olemba", kukhala akale. Nyama imakhala ndi histidine.
Ichi ndi amino acid. Ndi gawo lamapuloteni ambiri. Nsomba zikagunda kwa nthawi yayitali, mabakiteriya amakula omwe amasintha histidine kukhala saurin. Izi ndi zinthu ngati histamine. Momwe thupi limachitidwira limafanana ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu.
Mutha kuzindikira nyama yapoizoni ya makeke chifukwa chakoma. Pambuyo podya nyama, pakapita mphindi zochepa munthu amayamba kudwala mutu. Kupitilira, kumira mkamwa, kumakhala kovuta kumeza, mtima umayamba kugunda mwachangu. Pamapeto pake, mikwingwirima yofiira imawoneka pakhungu. Zimayipa. Kupha poizoni kumayendera limodzi ndi m'mimba.
Ma poizoni a Mackerel amasonyezedwa pakudya osati nyama yatsopano ya nsomba
Sterlet
Izi nsomba zofiira ndi zapoizoni chifukwa cha vizigi - makatani a nsalu zokuta. Imasinthanso msana wa nsomba. Chofesacho chimafanana ndi chingwe. Amakhala ndi cartilage ndi minofu yolumikizana. Kuphatikiza kwake kulibe vuto pomwe nsomba ndiyatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunkira zimafulumira mwachangu kuposa nyama yotsika. Chifukwa chake, cartilage ikhoza kudyedwa kokha tsiku loyamba atagwidwa ndi nsomba.
Sikuti phokoso lokha lomwe lingathe kuwononga chakudyacho, komanso khungu la sterlet limaphulika mukatinya. Zomwe zili mthupi zimapatsa mnofu kukoma. Kudzimbidwa ndikotheka.
Sterlet nsomba
Pazinthu zina komanso zakudya, pafupifupi mitundu 300 ya nsomba imakhala yapoizoni. Chifukwa chake, mu mankhwala pali mawu akuti ciguater. Amayimira poizoni wa nsomba. Makamaka nthawi zambiri milandu ya ojambula zithunzi amalembedwa pagombe la Pacific Ocean ndi West Indies.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, zakudya zamtundu monga ma grouper, ma karanx achikasu, crucian carp, anchovy wa ku Japan, barracuda, ndi bokosi lomwe lili ndi nyanga zimaphatikizidwanso m'ndandanda wosaoneka.
Chiwerengero chonse cha nsomba padziko lapansi zimaposa mitundu 20,000. Poizoni mazana asanu ndi limodzi a iwo amawoneka pang'ono. Komabe, poganiza za kuchuluka kwa nsomba zapoizoni ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba zakupha zam'mimbamo, musachepetse mitundu "yakucepa" yamkalasi.
American Stingray / Dasyatis thetidis
Masikono onse amakhala ndi chiopsezo kwa anthu, koma mitundu yambiri imakhala pansi mwakuya, chifukwa chake kukumana nawo ndizosowa. Palinso madzi ena oyera oyamwa omwe amakhala m'madzi a Amazon.
The American stingray imakhala m'madzi osaya kumpoto kwa Latin ndi North America. Amakonda kukhala okha, koma nthawi zina amasambira awiriawiri komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mtundu wa disc ndi bulauni pamwamba komanso beige kapena zonona pansi. Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri kwamtunduwu ndi kupitirira mamita awiri. Kumapeto kwa mchira, pali kangaude yemwe amalumikizidwa ndi timinyewa tapoizoni.
Pakakumana ndi munthu, amakonda kubisala, koma milandu yowukira imalembedwa. Pachilumba cha Fiji, panali milandu pomwe mitundu iyi ya mbola idakwata waku Australia ndi munga pachifuwa. Patatha masiku 10, bambowo anamwalira chifukwa cha chiphe.
Blue Spotted Reef Stingray / Taeniura lymma
Wokongola, koma wowopsa wokhala ku Nyanja Yofiira ali ndi poizoni wambiri kuposa mbola. Imapezekanso m'madzi a Pacific Ocean kuchokera pagombe la Solomon Islands mpaka gombe lakummawa kwa Africa.
Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi mawanga amtundu wabuluu komanso mikwingwirima yayitali mu disc yonse. Chipanga chingwe mchira, chofanana ndi chiwongolero chowumbika, chimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 37. M'mphepete zonse ziwiri, chowala choterocho chimakutidwa ndi notches lakuthwa. Ramp amagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo. Pakati pa kanyumba pali poyambira pankakhala poyizoni wakupha.
Poizoni, kulowa mthupi, kumayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri kwa spasmodic, kumakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje komanso minofu ya minofu. Pali nthawi zina pomwe jakisoni wa ma ray awa adatsogolera kuimfa.
Katran / squalus acanthias
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timapanga nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri pa most-be).ru zimapitilizidwa ndi shark Black Sea. Kwa anthu, sizowopsa ngati abale ake am'nyanja, koma pazinthuzo zimakhala ndi poizoni wochepa.
Imafika kutalika pafupifupi mamita 2.20, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu ndi 30-35 kg. Kuphatikiza pa Nyanja Yakuda, imapezeka m'malo ochepa a Atlantic. Poiz ndi mapuloteni opambana. Ndi jakisoni, redness imayamba, kuyaka kwambiri, komwe kumatha patatha masiku ochepa.
Mtundu wa shaki wodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma ndi umodzi wokha womwe umapezeka mu Black Sea. Katrans amakonda kukhala pansi, koma momasuka kuti azikhala pakatikati pamadzi. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chawo chosambira pansi, zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira.
Malo a 7. Nsomba zansalu
Nsomba zam'kati zimawoneka zosasangalatsa: pakhungu lake pali zophuka zambiri ndi malovu owopsa, ndipo kufanana kwake ndi amphibian wosatsutsana kumagona mwapadera m'njira yolumikizira ndi kukumba. Malo okhala ndi gawo lalikulu kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Ili ndi kukula kocheperako: kutalika kokwanira sikupitirira 44 cm, ndipo kulemera - 2.5 kg.
Ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono, cholengedwa chimagwira ngakhale pa crustaceans yayikulu, komanso nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhono. Pogona pansi, imagwira womuthandiza ndi kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Chizindikiro cha munthu wokhala m'madzi akuya ndikuwonetsa kunyamula kwam'nyanja kupanga mawu, kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwake. Chizindikiro cha voliyumu chimatha kufika ma decibels zana limodzi, omwe ali ofanana ndi screech ya chainsaw yogwira ntchito.
Ma poizoni a nsomba samayimira ngozi yakufa, koma amatha kupweteka kwambiri komanso kudukiza.
Inimicus / Inimicus japonicuf
Kubayira kwa nsomba yaying'ono yam'madzi yoopsa pamtunda kungayerekezedwe ndi kuluma kwa mphiri. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti dzina lachi Latin limamasuliridwa kuti "mdani".
Kumbuyo kwake kuli ndi zipsepse zama radial, m'munsi mwake momwe mumakhala timimba tomwe timapanga poizoni wapoizoni. Amakhala pafupi ndi miyala yamiyala yam'madzi komanso m'magombe a nyanja zotentha. Amapezekanso m'madzi ofunda. Amawonedwa pagombe la China ndi Korea.
Nsomba yaying'onoyo ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Maso ali okwera, ndipo ma spikes samangokhala pa zipsepse, komanso pazitsemba za gill. M'mayiko akummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, nyama yake imakhala yachakudya. Koma, monga nsomba ya Fugu, Inimikus amafunikira njira yapadera yophikira.
Osaphonya, nsomba 10 zoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi patsamba lathu kwambiri-be).ru zomwe zatolembedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Malo a 6. Usodzi wa nsomba
Oimira banja la opaleshoni, omwe akuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri, ndi amodzi mwa ngozi zazikulu kwambiri kwa alendo osadziwa. Malo ogawikirawa amawonedwa kuti ndi madzi ofunda pafupi ndi gombe la Indo-Pacific. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala mu Nyanja Yofiila.
Maonekedwe opanda pake ndi maonekedwe okongola nthawi zambiri amasocheretsa apaulendo. Nsomba yochita opaleshoni ili ndi kukula kocheperako: kutalika kwakukulu kwa anthu akuluakulu kumatha kufika masentimita 40. Opanga kukhala m'matanthwe a coral, kudya algae.
Dokotalayo adadzipatsa dzina chifukwa cha minga, lakuthwa ngati scalpel, yomwe ili pafupi ndi dorsal fin pafupi ndi mchira. Ma spikes nawonso amalembedwera ndimadzi a poizoni omwe amatha kupweteka kwambiri komanso zovuta kusuntha ndi diver. Opanga maopaleshoni sachita nkhanza ndipo zida zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito akawona chiwopsezo chachikulu, koma alangizi oyendetsa pansi pamadzi amalangizidwa nthawi zonse kuti azikhala kutali nawo.
Wart (Lionfish) / Synanceia verrucosa
Imodzi mwa nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi imakonda kukhalira m'miyala yamiyala ikuluikulu kwambiri. Mbuye weniweni wa maski osenda pansi pamadzi amatsanzira utoto wa pansi. Lionfish imapezeka m'madzi osaya a Pacific komanso Pacific Ocean.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, amatchedwanso nsomba zamwala. Kumbuyo mutha kuwona ma tubercles ambiri, zophuka. Kuphatikiza apo, kumbuyo kumakhala mizere ingapo ya ma spikes akuthwa okhala ndi poyizoni wowopsa. Poizoni, kulowa mthupi, amayambitsa kugwedezeka kwambiri, ziwalo. Munthu yemwe wakhudzidwa ndi chiphuphu amayenera kupereka mwachangu mankhwalawa.
Kukhala ndi moyo wodekha, nthawi zambiri kumangokhala pansi. Chifukwa chake nthawi zonse pamakhala ngozi yongolira paminga zapoizoni za nsomba zoopsa. Mtunduwu udapezeka mu 1801 ndi katswiri wazamaphunziro wa ku Germany wa zachipatala komanso wa zachipatala wa ku Germany dzina lake Johann Schneider. Choyamba adapeza ndikufotokozera mtundu watsopano wa wokhala m'madzi ofunda ndi nyanja zamchere.
Pobadwa, nsomba zotere sizikhala ndi ziwalo zomwe zimatha kupanga poizoni. Popita moyo, amadziunjikira saxitoxin mthupi, ndikukhala akufa. Kudya nyama zam'madzi zoterezi ndizakufa, koma zotengera zomwe zakonzedwa bwino zimakhala zakudya zamtengo wapatali.
Malo a 5. Stingray
Ma stingrays ndi oyimira akuluakulu a nsomba za cartilaginous, omwe amakhala kwambiri pansi: unyinji wa ma stingrays amatha mpaka 20 kg. Cartilaginous amakhala pafupifupi m'madzi onse okhala ndi equatorial, amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya.
Ngakhale kuti njirayo ndi nyama yolusa, sikuti imakhala yankhanza kwa anthu. Komabe, podzitchinjiriza, itha kugwiritsa ntchito nthomba ya poizoni yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mchira. Imfa ochepa okha kuchokera kuukali wa stingray ndiwo adalemba.
Imodzi mwa milandu yovuta kwambiri inali imfa ya wojambula wotchuka wazachilengedwe wa TV Steve Irwin, yemwe adachita kusanja mapulogalamu owombera za nyama zowopsa. Pomwe adayamba kuwombera angapo malo otsetsereka, Irwin adaganiza zofufuza malo awo. Pamene wowonetsa sewerayo adutsa m'modzi mwa tsikulo, adaona ngati kuukira ndikumenya Irwin ndi nthongo pachifuwa. Tsoka ilo, choyipa chakupha chinafika pamtima, kotero kufa kwa wochita zachilengedwe kunali pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.
Pambuyo povulaza, chidacho chimatsalirabe m'thupi la womenyedwayo, ndipo chinsalu chatsopano chimamera pam mchira wa njirayo. Ngakhale ngozi zakufa kwa nyama, nthawi zina zimakhala zamtendere komanso zosangalatsa. Zilumba za Cayman nthawi zina zimawonetsa anthu oyamba kumene akuwaza ma stuba kuchokera m'manja mwawo.
Brown Puffer / takifugu ma rubripes
Pa chithunzichi, nsomba zam'nyanja zapoizoni zochokera kubanja la pufferfish, pomwe zakudya zamtundu winawake zimakonzedwa ku Japan. Zokonda za dziko lonse zimalota. Pali puffer yofiirira pafupi ndi zilumba za Japan.
Mu zakudya za ku Japan, amadziwika kuti "Puffer Fish." Pazonse, mitundu ya 26 ya ojambulira amadziwika kuti ndioyenera kukonzekera mwaluso mwaluso kwambiri. Akuluakulu amafika 80 cm. Malo akulu amdima amapezeka thupi. Panthawi yamavuto, iye amatupa, potero nkuthamangitsa adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa chachedwekera, sichitha kubisala, motero imangokhala madzi.
Amaphunzira kuphika nsomba izi kwa zaka zambiri, kotero kuti ziwalo zake zambiri ndizopha zoopsa. Kuphika osavomerezeka kumabweretsa imfa nthawi yomweyo.
Malo a 4. Chinjoka cham'nyanja
Msodzi waung'ono kwambiri, womwe ndi waukulu kwambiri mpaka masentimita 30, ndiye mabingu pamphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda. Amatchedwanso chinkhanira: m'mipendero ya chinjokacho ndi mapiko ake ali ndi ma spikes oyipa omwe amawutulutsa, akuwuluka pobisala ndi kuthamanga kwa mphezi. Mawonekedwe apamwamba a thupi amapangitsa chinjoka chiwoneke ngati njoka.
Woyendayenda amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yaying'ono popanda kuchoka kunyanjako, chifukwa malo omwe amakonda kuwasaka ndi madzi osaya basi, kumene amakumbamo silika, kudikirira nyama.
Jakisoni wa joka ndiwowawa kwambiri: amatha kuyambitsa ziwopsezo cha miyendo, nseru komanso kupuma movutikira. Milandu yayikulu yokhala ndi poizoni wa nsomba, ngakhale zotsatira zakupha ndizotheka, chifukwa chake zitachitika, muyenera kuwona dokotala: pali mankhwala ogwira mtima omwe amathandizira poizoni.
Pomaliza
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira kuti ndi chiyani, nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pomaliza, ndikufuna ndikuchenjezeni kuti mukakhala paulendo wopita kukacheza kunyanja ndi nyanja, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi zoopsa zomwe malo amenewa angabwere. Opha oopsa amatha kukhala zilombo zazikulu komanso nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni kwambiri m'matupi awo. Wokongola kwambiri akuyembekezera ndemanga zanu zosangalatsa. Ndi nsomba zapoizoni kwambiri zomwe mudakumana nazo? Tiuzeni nkhani yanu!
Malo achiwiri. Inimicus
Inimicus, ngati anthu ambiri okhala ndi poizoni okhala m'madzi akuya, ndi a banja la chinkhanira. Mtunduwu, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osawoneka bwino, uli ndi mayina ambiri owopsa: goblin, ghoul, munga wa mdierekezi. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti cholengedwa chimakonda moyo wotsika, kusankha malo obisika, chifukwa chake nchosavuta kulowamo.
Mwa masikelo a nsomba pali minga zapoizoni zomwe zimabisira chinyezi choopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi - neurotoxin yomwe imayambitsa ziwalo.
Malo oyamba. Nsomba zamwala
Mwala wa nsomba, womwe umatchedwa warty, uli ndi dzina labwino pazifukwa - ndiwobadwa woyamba kubisa. Alidi ndi muyeso wa golide - ndiye nsomba yoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mutha kukumana ndi ma warts m'madziwe otentha m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera ku Nyanja Yofiira kupita ku gombe la Australia. Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino, amakonda kugona pansi kapena matope m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ngozi ili paminga lakuthwa kwambiri kumbuyo kwanthaka, komwe kali ndi chiphe chakupha. Ma spikes amatha kubaya nsapato mosavuta, kotero kuti alendo amabwera ayenera kusamala makamaka ndikuyang'ana pansi pamapazi awo. Kupha poizoni popanda kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala kwatsala pang'ono kufa. Ululu wa mkono womwe wakhudzidwa ndi wakhungu kwambiri kotero kuti wovutikayo amatha kupempha kuti amudule.
Ngati, ngakhale zili choncho, madokotala amatha kuyimitsa zotsatira za kufalikira kwa poizoni, ndiye kuti sizowona kuti wovulalayo achiritsidwa: panali milandu pomwe munthu stung akadali wolumala kwa moyo wonse.