Bullfinch ndi mbalame yomwe ambiri amagwirizanitsa ndi nyengo yozizira. Mwina izi zinachitika chifukwa choti nthenga za mbalamezi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha chipale chofewa kapena chifukwa zimatha kuwoneka mwatsatanetsatane kokha pamtunda wopanda nthambi.
Ma bullfinches, zithunzi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka pamakhadi a Chaka Chatsopano, ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Kulemera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumafika pa 30 g, ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi pafupifupi 18 cm.
Kodi ng'ombe yamphongo imawoneka bwanji? Inde, kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kuchokera kwa mbalame zina ndi mtundu wowala wa bere. Mwa amuna, nthenga zimakhala zofiirira zofiirira, ndipo zazikazi zimayandikira pinki. Mtundu wa bere umayenderera pamimba yoyera. Pamutu pa nkhono zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wina wamtundu wakuda womwe umayenda pamwamba pa muzzle. Mlomo ndi waufupi koma waukulu.
Ndi ma handfinches, ndi ndendende ndi zowala zawo zowala, nthano zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa. Onsewa amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: malo ofiira pachifuwa cha mbalameyo chifukwa cha magazi. Komabe, kwenikweni, chinthu chonsechi chili mu nthenga zapadera za nthenga - carotenoid.
Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo ndi imvi, miyendo yokhala ndi zala zitatu yakuda. Mapikowo ndi opera, oyera ndi oyera.
Ma bullfinke ndi zovala za nyimbo, komabe, mawu omwe amapanga sangatchulidwe kuti kuyimba. Ngati mumva mawu a mbalame, m'malo mwake lingalirani kuti ikuwoneka ngati chitsulo. Ma Bullfinches amayimba makamaka nthawi yakukhwima.
Kufotokozera kwa bullfinch kumathandizira kusiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina. Simuyenera kungoyang'ana chibele chofiira - mwachilengedwe pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imasiyana mitundu.
Bullfinch: zakudya, moyo, mawonekedwe
Ma bullfinches ndi mbalame zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Ambiri amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowongoka kapena zosakanikirana. Komanso, mbalame zimakonda kuwoneka m'mabwalo a nyumba kapena malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri, amayandikira pafupi ndi anthu nthawi yozizira, pakakhala zovuta kupeza chakudya.
Tikufotokozerani zambiri za moyo wamnthawi ya ng'ombe:
Nthawi zambiri ng'ombe zamphongo zimadya zakudya zam'mera. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri sizimadya tizilombo, pokhapokha ngati pali njala yayikulu. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri a Bullfinches ndi mbewu zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku ma conifer. Komanso, mbalame zimatha kudya mphukira zazing'ono, masamba, masamba.
M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonda kudya zipatso zamizeremizere. Amataya kunja zamkati, chifukwa amangoganizira za mbewu. Chifukwa chake, bulfinch yomwe ili phulusa la paphiri ndi chofala kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kudyetsa ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi yozizira, apatseni nthangala za mpendadzuwa, mapira, oatmeal. Nthawi zina ng'ombe zamphongo zimatha kudya kaloti, rosehip, hemp.
- Habitat ndi chikhalidwe.
Bullfinches amakhala m'matumba (mpaka anthu 10), mwamtendere. Izi ndi mbalame zamtendere, chifukwa chake sizimakumana ndi mikangano. Komanso samakangana ndi mbalame kapena nyama zina.
Ma bullfin nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka, koma osamala. Amakhala oopa anthu, chifukwa amawayesa akuwopseza moyo.
Bullfinches: kuswana, chiyembekezo cha moyo
Mbalame ya bullfinch imawulukira anthu nthawi yozizira yokha, chifukwa imaberekera ana kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe.
Nthawi yoweta mbalame nthawi zambiri imayamba mu Marichi. Amuna amakopa amuna kapena akazi anzawo ndi nyimbo, pomwe akazi amawayankha mwachidwi.
Atasenda, mkaziyo amapanga chisa. Wamphongo samachita nawo izi, amadyetsa wokondedwa wake kwinaku akuswa mazira. Nthawi zambiri mbalame imasankha mitengo italiitali kapena mitengo yowola pachisa. Kukhazikika kwa ana amtsogolo kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kutali ndi thunthu momwe kungathekere.
Zachikazi zazikazi zimachokera ku nthambi zomera komanso udzu, komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba, mbewa, kapena tsitsi la nyama kupita pansi.
Mu Meyi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira opaka utoto. Komanso pamtunda mutha kusiyanitsa madera amdima.
Pambuyo masiku 15 a kuwaswa, ana 4-5 amabadwa. Zowonjezera zawo ndi zofiirira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi chifuwa kulibe.
M'masiku oyamba amoyo, anapiye ali ndi njala kwambiri, motero makolo samatengera chakudya. Pambuyo pa masiku 14, akutha kale kuwuluka ndikuyamba kudziwa maluso awa. Komabe, ana amphongo achichepere amasiya makolo awo mwezi ukangotha.
Ma Bullfinches ndi makolo osamala kwambiri, motero amathanso kudyetsa ana awo. Pali nthawi zina pomwe amaletsa tini kapena tiana tating'ono.
Bullfinch - mbalame yomwe imakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka 12. Komabe, izi ndi ziwonetsero zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ng'ombe zamphongo zimafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kapena njala m'nyengo yozizira.
Chithunzi cha bullfinch, chithunzi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pa intaneti, ndi mbalame yokongola komanso yosinthika. Samadzimva kuti ali mu ukapolo, motero sayenera kukhala ngati chiweto. Nthawi yokhayo yomwe mungatenge bulfinch kunyumba ndi ngati ikufunika thandizo lalikulu. Kulibwino kudyetsa mbalame m'nyengo yozizira ndikusilira kuchokera kutali.
Bullfinch: Kufotokozera, kukula, mitundu
Ngakhale mbalamezi zimadziwika kuti ndi nkhalango, nzika zambiri zidawawonera ku metropolis. Bullfinch - mbalame yomwe ndi yamtundu wapadera wamankhwala ochokera ku ubweya wabanja. Mbalameyo ndi yaying'ono, yowonjezera kuposa mpheta. Kulemera kwake sikuposa magalamu makumi atatu. Thupi la ng'ombe la bullfinch ndi lolimba komanso lokhazikika. Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi ndi mainchesi 18.
Bullfinch ndi mbalame yotchuka komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zithunzi za mbalame zokongola izi nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi makalendala, makadi osiyanasiyana a Chaka Chatsopano, magazini, komanso masamba ofalitsa kwa ornithologists. Mitundu ya ma bullfinches imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa kugonana mumtundu wa mbalame. Gawo lowala kwambiri ndi bere: mwa akazi limapakidwa utoto wa pinki, ndipo kwa amuna limakhala lofiira kwambiri. Ichi ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame zazing'ono.
Ma plamu ena onse ndi ofanana. Mutu wa bullfinch umakongoletsedwa ndi kapu yakuda, ndikusintha bwino ndikusintha malo ena akuda pachinacho. Msana wa mbalameyo ndi imvi. Mapikowo ndi owala: gulu lophatikizika lakuda ndi loyera, likusinthana ndi mikwingulo pamwamba pa mapiko onse. Mchira ndi mchira wake ndi zoyera. Mlomo wa ng'ombe.
Miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yolimba komanso yolimba, itapinda-manja ndi yaying'ono, koma yolimba kwambiri komanso yoluka yakuda. Nthenga zapakhosi, mbali, m'mimba ndi masaya zimapakidwa toni tofiirira. Mtundu wamafuta amphongo amphongo amphongo ndi amphaka amasiyana: ndiwofatsa kwambiri, wapafupi kwambiri ndi utoto wachikazi kuposa wamphongo.
Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu
Bullfinch kugonana dimorphism zimasiyana mitundu. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wowala kwambiri wamphongo, wamkazi ukakhala wolimba umakhala wosiyana ndi iye. Monga, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe yamphongo yamtundu wamba, yofiirira yambewu komanso yofiirira. Ngati amuna ali ndi utoto wamtundu wonyezimira, ndiye kuti akazi sakusiyana nawo (Azores, bulauni, bulfinch yoyera).
Kufalitsa
Ma bullfinches amakhulupirira kuti ndi mbalame zamtchire. Nthawi zambiri malo okhala ndi ng'ombe zamtchire amakhala osakanikirana ndi nkhalango za Asia ndi Europe kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita ku Pacific Ocean. Komabe, malo ophera ng'ombe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapaki amtawuni ndi m'mabwalo a nyumba zogona, amakhala alendo m'makudya ang'onoang'ono kunja kwama windows a nyumba zanyumba zambiri, m'malo ochezera. Koma izi sizikutanthauza konse kuti ng'ombe zamphongo zingachitike chifukwa cha okhala m'mizinda. Ingoyambira mbalame zokhala ndi mawere ofiira zokha zimawulukira kumzindawo kukadya ndi kudya.
Habitat
Ma Bullfinches amagawidwa ku Europe konse, kupatula kum'mwera ndi kumtunda kwa Asia. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwakukhalamo, iwo siosankha ndipo mwakachetechete amapanga zisa m'malo otsika pang'ono komanso malo okwera, kudzipangira okha malo ndi mitengo yokwanira. Mbalamezi sizikhala m'malo opanda mitengo kapena mitengo yambiri. Kumpoto kwa nkhalangoyi sikumakhala anthu okhala ndi ng'ombe zamphongo chifukwa nthawi yozizira.
Ma Bullfinches amasankhidwa kuti azikhala malo okhala ndi chilengedwe, chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira, anthu okhala m'mizinda omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kapena kusakhalako konse kwa mafakitale amatha kusangalala nawo. Mbalame zimamva bwino pafupi ndi anthu, motero zimakhazikika mwakachetechete pafupi ndi nyumba zogona.
Kutchire kwa chilimwe sikulola kuti mbalame zizioneka, ngakhale zili ndi mitundu yosiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, mitengo, yopanda masamba, komanso chipale chofewa imawululira m'maso kukongola kwa mapangidwe ake.
Mbalame zimakhala zisa zomwe zimamera pamitengo (mitengo yamlombwa), kutalika kosaposa 5 metres. Amadzimanga zisa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zophukika: nthambi, masamba, udzu wouma ndikukhala momwemo, kusiya kokha kuti adye.
Kuti apange zisa ndi kuyikira mazira, ng'ombe zamphongo zimasankha mitengo ya spruce yomwe ili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Khalidwe lakale la mbalamezi limakhala bata komanso losakhazikika mdera latsopanoli, lomwe limalola munthu ndi mphaka wamba kugwira ngakhale wamkulu.
Nyimbo
Kuphatikiza pa utoto wonyezimira, ng'ombe yamphongo imakhalanso ndi mtundu wina - mawu ake, kapena nyimbo. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame ina. M'mawu, zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza mawu omwe mbalameyi imapanga. Choyerekeza choyenera kwambiri ndi mluzu kapena chitsulo. Ndizovuta ngakhale pang'ono kuzindikira kuti mawu awa amapangidwa ndi mbalame, mawu a bullfinch ndiopadera kwambiri ndipo nyimbo yake siyachilendo.
Nthawi zambiri matraki oterewa amamveka panthawi yakukhwima. Ndizodabwitsa kuti amuna ndi akazi onse amachita.
Moyo
M'nyengo yozizira, ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimawulukira kumizinda kukakhala chakudya chosakwanira m'nkhalango. M'nyengo yotentha, zimakhala zovuta kuwona ng'ombe zamphongo, ndipo masiku amasanu ozizira amasintha nthenga zawo, ndikusintha mipira yowala kuchoka pa nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Poyerekeza ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chili pamitengo yamitengo, zikuni zam'manja zimawoneka zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino. Mbalameyi ndi chizindikiro cha chisanu, chipale chofewa, chisangalalo ndi tchuthi cha dzinja.
Akatswiri a zamankhwala amati mawonekedwe apadera a mbalame ndi phulusa la kumapiri. Amawulukira iye m'gulu laling'ono. Ma bullfinches pamitengo yopendekeka amakhala panthambi, ndipo amuna, monga abambo owona, amapatsa azimayi awo mwayi wosankha masango okoma kwambiri ndi owoneka bwino. Ma bullfin pa phulusa la kumapiri ndi mphindi zochepa, mpaka amadzaza ndi mbewu zomwe zimapezeka mu zipatso, popeza samadya zamkati zaphikidwe. Pambuyo pake, gululo limanyamuka, ndikuguguduza chisanu pamtengo.
Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuvulaza
M'madera ovuta kwambiri, bullfinch amatha kusunga chakudya chilichonse, koma zotsatira za chipulumutso chotere nthawi zina sizitha nthawi yayitali. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mbalame:
zipatso za mkaka wa zipatso ndi zokometsera zokazinga zotsekemera zonunkhira za masamba a nthochi nthochi zowonongeka
Mkate ndi wowopsa makamaka. Zimavulaza ziwalo zamkati, makamaka chiwindi ndi impso, komanso zimayambitsa kugaya kwamkamwa. Zotsatira za kudya mkate nthawi zambiri zimapha mbalame.
Ndikofunikanso kuti musadyetse ng'ombe zamphongo, kuti muziwadyetsa, kusiya zina zodetsa nkhawa kuti zizipeza chakudya cha mbalamezo. Izi ziwathandiza kusiyanitsa zakudya, kupeza zinthu zomwe zasowa, komanso kuthandizira kuti zisatayike. Simungasungebe kukhalapo kwa chakudya mu feeder. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa boma ndikudzaza kangapo patsiku, mwachitsanzo, m'mawa komanso madzulo. Ma Bullfinches adzazolowera pulogalamuyo ndipo adzadziwa nthawi yomwe angapezere chakudya mu feeder, ndipo ndi maola ati omwe adzadalire okha.
Khalidwe
Akatswiri a Ornithologists amawona momwe mbalame zokongola zamtunduwu zimakhalira zikusunthira pamene zikuuluka kum'mwera kupita ku Transbaikalia, beseni la Amur, Crimea, Central Asia ndi North Africa. Kafotokozedwe ka ma handfinches m'mabuku osiyanasiyana amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zodekha, zopanda nkhawa komanso zoyenera. Koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala anzeru komanso osadetsedwa. Pamaso pa anthu, ma bullfin sakhala otakataka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osamala, makamaka akazi.
M'gulu la ng'ombe zamphongo zamphongo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano komanso kusagwirizana. Mbalame zokhala ndi zofiira zokhala mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere. Kukangana kumawonetsedwa nthawi zina ndi akazi. Nthawi yomweyo, amapanga phokoso lokhala ndi mlomo wawo ndipo amasintha mitu yawo mwachangu. Koma zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa.
Munthu akaganiza zodyetsa mbalamezo ndikazisiyira chakudya, sangasiye machitidwe ndipo amasangalala kudya.
Bullfinch kunyumba
Kufotokozera bullfinch akukhala kunyumba, sikofala kwambiri. Ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi chiweto chotere, muyenera kudziwa kuti muyenera kuyikira mbalameyi pamalo abwino kuti izimva bwino, chifukwa bullfinch simalola kutentha kwambiri.
Potengera chisamaliro ndi zabwino, ng'ombe yamphongoyo imazolowera mwini wakeyo ndikuyamba kukhala yotsogola. Amatha kuphunziranso zingwe zosavuta komanso kukopera mawu.
Malo okhalamo
Kodi bulfinch amakhala kuti? Kufotokozera kwa mbalameyi kwa ana sikungaganizidwe kuti sikokwanira ngati sititchula malo omwe mbalamezi zimakonda - nkhalango zowirira ndi nkhalango zowala. Amakonda kukonza zisa za bullfinch pa conifers, nthawi zambiri mitengo ya spruce. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala nyumba za bullfinch pamtunda wa 2 mpaka 5 metres. Zomwe zimapezeka pachisa ndi mbewa, nthambi zowonda, nthawi zina tsitsi la nyama. Mkati mwake mumakhala nthenga, tsitsi ndi udzu wouma. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osalala komanso osalala.
Kuswana
Kufotokozera kosangalatsa kwa bulfinch mu nthawi yakukhwima. Mawu amphongo amphongo amphongo amayamba kulira kwambiri, amamveka bwino kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo okondedwa kwa okondedwa awo, ndipo amayankha ndi muluzu, chete.
Awiri m'makola amtundu wa March. Matriarchy amalamulira mu banja lililonse la mbalame zowala izi, gawo lalikulu pano likugona ndi zazikazi.
Progeny
Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira anayi a buluu anayi mpaka sikisi. Pamaso pawo pamakhala madontho a bulauni. Yaikazi imasamala ana kwa masiku khumi ndi asanu. Pakupita milungu iwiri, anapiye ang'onoang'ono komanso anjala kwambiri amawonekera m'chisa. Pofuna kukhutiritsa chilimbikitso chawo, makolo amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Amabweretsa mbewu, zipatso ndi chakudya china chisa. Pakatha theka linanso la mweziwo, anapiye amaphunzira kuuluka ndipo posakhalitsa amatuluka m'chisa. Komabe, makolo saleka kudyetsa ana awo. Pofika chaka chimodzi chokha, ng'ombe zazing'ono zazing'ono ndizokonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Chingwe
Mwezi wa Epulo, ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonda kusaka anapiye. Kafotokozedwe ka mbalameyo sikungakhale kokwanira popanda kufotokoza za njirayi.
Mu clutch, nthawi zambiri mpaka mazira asanu. Utoto womwe ali nawo ndiwobiliwira, wamtambo. Nkhupakupa zimakula m'masiku 14, kuchuluka komweko ndikofunikira kudyetsa anapiye. Sichikudziwikiratu kuti mwamunayo akuchita nawo makulitsidwe, koma ndiudindo wake kudyetsa mkazi kukhala pamazira. Anapiye atatuluka chisa, champhongo chimachita nawo. Modabwitsa, sizinali zotheka kupeza mwana wa anapiye ndi mayiyo, pomwe banja la misonkhano yambiri yotsogozedwa ndi wamwamuna ndi chinthu wamba. Nthochi zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chomera.
Mbalamezi zimakhala nthawi imodzi pachilimwe, pofika mwezi wa Julayi zikupanga kale zoweta. Ana achichepere amakhala chaka chonse cha moyo wawo ndi makolo awo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mwinanso, ndikosavuta kulingalira zomwe bullfinch idya. Maziko a chakudya chake chaka chonse ndi chakudya chomera, ngakhale nthawi zina mbalameyi imadya tizirombo tating'ono. Nthawi zambiri ng'ombe zamphongo zimadya zipatso za mitengo yabwino komanso yambiri. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo wawung'ono koma wolimba kwambiri, womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Kodi bullfinch amadya chiyani mchaka ndi chilimwe? Maudzu, mphukira zazing'ono zazomera ndi masamba oyamba amawonjezeredwa muzakudya. M'chilimwe, ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonda kusangalatsa maluwa. Osasamala kudzichepetsa nokha ndi zipatso, makamaka phulusa la kumapiri ndi mbalame yamaluwa.
Zomwe zimadya
Bullfinch ndi wochotseredwa m'zakudya.Chakudya chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi njere ndi zipatso, zomwe mbalame zimadya, kusiya thupi, komanso tizilombo. Ngati mungadzifunse zomwe ma bullfinches amakonda kapena zomwe amakonda, ndiye yankho: mtundu wa mitengo, mphira, msondodzi, nkhwangwa, mabulosi akuda, sorelo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yozizira, ng'ombe yamphongo imadya zipatso za rowan, zomwe ndizosaiwalika.
Ng'ombe zazing'ono zazing'ono zimapatsidwanso zakudya zam'mera, zomwe tizilombo ndi akangaude amaphatikizira.