Kuphika mkate | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collared Bakers (Pecari tajacu) | |||||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Zabwino Kwambiri: | Suoidea |
Banja: | Kuphika mkate |
- Catagonus
- Chuck ophika (Catagonus wagneri)
- Pecari
- Giant Bakers (Pecari maximus)
- Collared Bakers (Pecari tajacu)
- Tayassu
- White Baked Bakers (Tayassu pecari)
- † Platygonus
Kuphika mkate (lat. Tayassuidae) - banja la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zopanda mafuta a artiodactyl. Asanakhale a banja la nkhumba. Liwu loti "ophika mkate" limachokera kuchilankhulo cha amwenye aku Brazil a Tupi. Amamasuliridwa ku Russian ngati "nyama yomwe imapanga misewu yambiri m'nkhalango."
Zizindikiro za Banja
Ophika amasiyana kwambiri ndi nkhumba, chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, zimayandikira kwambiri maubulates.
- M'mimba mwa wophika wagawika magawo atatu, kutsogolo kwake kuli zikwama zamiyeso zooneka ngati soseji.
- Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, osati 4, ngati nkhumba, koma zala zitatu.
- Mafangayi akumwamba amawongoleredwa pansi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi adani. Mafangawa ndiwopambanapamwamba, olimba, koma osatalika kwambiri, ndipo amakhudzana ndi ma fangs apansi. Pali mano 38 okha.
- Kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo, ophika mkate amakhala ndi zolaula zazikuluzikulu zobisa chinsinsi ngati musk. Ndi iyo, ophika amawonetsa gawo lawo, akumakulira zitsulo ndi kupopera mbewuzo chinsinsi pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu, mitengo ndi udzu. Chifukwa cha fungo losasangalatsa, anthu aku America amatcha ophika mkate "musk hog" (nkhumba ya musk).
Maonekedwe a ophika mkate amafanana ndi nkhumba: mutuwo ndi waukulu, woboola pakati, khosi limakhala lalifupi, maso ndi ochepa, makutu amazunguliridwa. Zingwe zake ndi zokutira, makamaka zazitali kumbuyo kwa mutu, khosi ndi kumbuyo, komwe zimapangira mane, mchirawo ndi waufupi komanso wobisika mu tsitsi, miyendo ndiyifupi komanso yopyapyala. Zophika mkate ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa nkhumba: kutalika kwa thupi 75-100 cm, kutalika 44-57 cm, kulemera 16-30 kg.
Ngakhale kufa kwaphikidwe kwa ophika mkate, kuchuluka kwa zaka zaukapolo kumafika zaka 24.
Kufalitsa
Obika amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States kupita ku Central Argentina. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumapiri owuma mpaka kumapiri a mvula. Omnivores: idyani zitsamba, mizu ndi zipatso za zomera, nyama zazing'ono. Amakhala otakataka usiku, amagona masana. Kusunga ziweto. Akazi amabweretsa ana awiri a 1-2.
Adani akuluakulu a ophika mkate ndi anyani komanso phokoso. Ophika achichepere amawukiridwa ndi lynx wofiira ndi coyote. Amayi amateteza mwamphamvu ana, kuluma mdani ndi mano, koma osagunda ndi ma fangayi, ngati nkhumba. Ophika okwiya ndi owopsa amatulutsa mabizinesi ofala.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu inayi yamakono ya ophika mkate, yolumikizidwa m'mitundu itatu:
- Pecari tajacu - Ophika ophika Collared. Kutalika kwamapewa kumayambira masentimita 30 mpaka 50. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 80-100. Kulemera ndi 15-25 kg. Chovala chija chimakhala cha utoto pafupifupi thupi lonse, kupatula masaya, pomwe chovalacho chili ndi utoto wachikasu, komanso kolala yoyera yoyera yomwe imaphimba mauna, mapewa ndi khosi. Patsikuli pali tiziwalo ta msana tomwe timangokhala mtundu wamtunduwu. Wophika yekhayo ku United States. Ophika ophika nawo amakhala ndi ubale wapafupi kwambiri. Amakhala m'gulu la ziweto, zomwe zimachokera ku nyama 5 mpaka 15. Herbivores wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amimba ovuta, omwe amafunikira kuti chimbudzi chikhale chimbudzi. Kummwera chakumtunda, ophika amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mizu, mababu, mtedza, bowa, nthawi zina amatha kudya mazira, carrion, njoka zazing'ono ndi achule. Kumpoto kwa gawo, gwero lalikulu la zakudya ndi mizu, mababu, nyemba, mtedza, zipatso, zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ndi cacti.
- Tayassu pecari - Wophika ndevu. Chachikulu kuposa kolala. Utoto ndi wonyezimira kapena wakuda. Pansanja ya muzzle pali malo oyera oyera. Kumpoto, kumagawidwa kumwera kwa Mexico ndipo ndi kocheperako poyerekeza ndi colla. Ndizofanana ndi kolala m'moyo, koma amapanga ng'ombe zazikulupo, mpaka 100 kapena kupitirira mitu. Madera amtundu umodzi akuyembekezeredwa kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 200 km², ndipo ophika amawimitsa m'malo ena kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Nthawi zambiri kuposa zam'mbuyomu, zimadyanso chakudya chanyama. Mimba imatenga masiku 158. Zachikazi zimabweretsa, monga lamulo, nkhumba ziwiri. Malowedwewa amapereka mawonekedwe owotcha ndi ophika mkate.
- Catagonus wagneri - ophika mkate a Chuck, kapena ophika Wagner. Kwa nthawi yayitali idawonedwa kuti yatha, idayamba kufotokozedwa ndi zokwirira. Mtundu woyamba wamoyo udapezeka mu 1975 ku Paraguay. Kugawidwa m'chigawo cha Gran Chaco (Bolivia, Paraguay, Southern Brazil), m'malo otentha m'nkhalango yaminga komanso mu steppe yokhala ndi zitsamba zaminga. Idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse.
- Pecari maximus - ophika Giant. Lingaliro latsopano, lotsegulidwa mu 2007 ku Brazil. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, idanenedwanso kuti yatha.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala ophika nkhumba
Chithunzi cha ophika nkhumba- ndi nyama za telegenic. Pozindikira munthu ali ndi kamera ya kanema kapena mandala a chithunzi, amayang'anitsitsa, amaima, ndikuyiyimira mwachidziwikire kwa wojambulayo.
Zamoyo zodabwitsazi zimakhala kumayiko aku America, zimatha kupezeka m'malo osungirako kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, ku South America kudutsa gombe lonse la Pacific Ocean, kumadzulo kwa Argentina, ku Ecuador komanso pafupifupi kulikonse. Ophika amakhala odzipereka kwathunthu kwanyengo ndipo pafupifupi omnivorous, kotero malo awo ndi ochulukirapo.
Masiku ano, anthu akudziwa mitundu inayi ya nkhumba zakutchire izi, ziwiri zomwe zinapangidwanso m'zaka za m'ma 2000, pokonzanso malo otentha ndi zinyalala za savannah, ndipo izi zisanachitike.
Masiku ano, asayansi amadziwika owotcha nkhumba zakuthengo zamtundu wotere:
Awa ndi okhawo ophika mkate omwe amakhala ku USA. Kupadera kwa mitunduyo ndikuti kumbali yotsalira ya nyama zachikulire pamakhala tiziwalo timene timatulutsidwa.
Nkhumba zokhala ndi utoto zimakhala m'matanthwe a anthu 5-15, ndizabwino kwambiri, ndizolumikizana komanso ndizochezeka. Amakhala ndi “kolala” yoyera kapena yachikaso, yopanga dzina.
Amakonda kudya, amakonda kudya bowa, zipatso, anyezi, mphukira za nyemba zobiriwira ndipo, mosamveka bwino, cacti. Komabe, ndizopanda pake ndipo sizidzadutsa konse - mitembo ya achule kapena njoka, mitembo yowola ya nyama zokulirapo kapena zisa ndi mazira. Amakula mpaka theka la mita kufota komanso mpaka mita, kutalika kwake, ndi kulemera kwa 20-25 kg.
Chithunzithunzi ndi kolala yophika nkhumba
- Ndevu zoyera.
Amakhala makamaka ku Mexico, nyama zazikulu, zamphamvu zokhala ndi magulu akulu akulu. Ali ndi dzina lawo chifukwa cha kuwala kowala pansi pa nsagwada yamunsi.
Ziweto zimangoyendayenda, osakhala masiku opitilira masiku atatu, ngakhale m'malo oyenera. Izi ndichifukwa choti ophika mkate wopanda ndevu, ngakhale ali omnivorous, amakonda kudya zovalazo, zomwe amafunafuna.
Zithunzi zokhala ndi ndevu zoyera
- Chaksky kapena, monga amatchedwanso - ophika a Wagner.
Nyama izi zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira. Tikutenga nthawi yayitali, adafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe kuchokera kuzinthu zakale zopezeka ku Western Europe. Ndipo adazindikiranso ali ndi moyo mu 1975 atagamula chingwe cha magetsi ku Paraguay.
Kuwona kuli kovuta kuwona ndi kuphunzira, popeza malo ake ndi nkhalango za Gran Chaco, ndiko kuti, gawo lankhondo lamtchire lomwe limakhudza zigawo zitatu - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay.
Zowunikira zazikulu za ophika mkatezi zimachitidwa m'malo omwe kuli nkhalango youma komanso yopanda mitengo, ndipo, pakadali pano, akatswiri owonera zinyama atsimikiza mokhazikika kuti nyamazo zimakonda kudya minga ndipo ndizanyazi kwambiri, zimakonda kubisala kumbuyo kwa malata kapena m'malo ena kuyang'ana.
Mu chithunzichi, nkhumba ya Czechececary
- Gigantius, kapena chimphona.
Mtunduwu sunaphunzirepo konse. Inachitikanso mwangozi mu 2000, ndipo kudula mitengo mwachangu ku Brazil. Mafuta ofanana ndi ophikira akuluakulu ankawakumba ku Europe, koma sizikudziwika ngati zotsalazo ndi nyama zomwe zapezeka mwangozi ndi mitundu yomweyo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa ophika mkate
Kwenikweni, deta yonse yokhudza nyama, monga Khalidwe, kufotokozera kwa ophika nkhumba zakuthengo, wopezeka ndi moyo wa nkhumba zopanda kolala m'misika ku United States.
Ophika amakonda njira yamadzulo ndi usiku, amamva bwino komanso amakhala ndi fungo. Ndiwachikhalidwe chambiri, amakhala m'gululo, ndipo ali ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri.
Utsogoleri wa mtsogoleri sutsutsidwa, komanso ufulu wake wapadera wothira akazi. Ngati m'modzi mwamunayo wasankha kuti mtsogoleri wa gulu azikayikira, ndiye kuti palibe ndewu kapena ndewu. Wamphongo wokayikira amangochokapo ndi kukatenga gulu lake.
Ponena za anthu, ophika mkate akuti ndi nyama zamanyazi kuyambira kale. Komabe, mkati mwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri panali mawonekedwe amitundu yosungirako nyama zamtchire ngati ziweto.
Kuphatikiza apo, zosakonda zomwe zinali zapamwamba, zinali bwino. Izi zimathetsa nthano zabodza za ophika, zikutanthauza kuti nkhumba zakutchirezi ndizosangalatsa, zamtendere komanso zosangalatsa.
Masiku ano, nyamazi zimatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri osungira nyama, momwe zimamverera bwino ndipo, ngati si nyenyezi, ndiye zimakondweretsa alendo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ophika mikate ingapo ku Canada, momwe kavalidwe ndi zipinda zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo ya "top top".
Kubalanso ndi moyo wautali wa ophika mkate
Ophika alibe nthawi yodziwika. Kugonana pakati pa akazi ndi mtsogoleri wa gululi kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga mwa anthu - nthawi iliyonse.
Ngati wamkazi ali ndi pakati, ndiye kuti mkhalidwe wake wosakhazikika umatenga masiku 145 mpaka 150. Amakonda kubereka akuphika kumalo obisika kapena m'dzenje, koma nthawi zonse amakhala payekha.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame ziwiri zimabadwa, nthawi zambiri sizowonjezereka. Ana afika pa tsiku lachiwiri la moyo wawo, ndipo, izi zikangochitika, amabwerera ndi amayi awo kwa abale ena.
Ophika amakhala mosiyanasiyana, pansi pazabwino - kusowa kwa adani achilengedwe, kudya mokwanira komanso thanzi labwino - mpaka zaka 25. Komabe, osati kale litali, kumalo osungira nyama ku Thailand, owiritsa makeke amakondwerera tsiku lobadwa ake a makumi atatu, ali ndi thupi labwino.
Mu chithunzi nkhumba ophika ndi ana
Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe komanso akatswiri azachilengedwe, nkhumba wowotcha nkhumba kumwera kwa America samakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20, amafa pa nthawi ya 15-17. Kaya izi ndichifukwa cha mitundu kapena zifukwa zina, asayansi sanadziwebe.
Ophika Amadya
Ophika amakonda kudya, kuwayang'ana, mutha kuwona kuti amakonda kutafuna kena kake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akulumwa nthawi yomwe akusamukira, popita, monga momwe anthu amachitira. Nyama izi ndizosowa - zimatha kutsina udzu, kudya nyemba, kudya bowa, kapena kuthamangitsa manyenje ndi kudya nyama yakufa.
Zosangalatsa zoterezi ndizosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha matumbo ndi mano awo. M'mimba mwa ophika nkhumba zokhala ndi magawo atatu, yoyamba yomwe, kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe chimakhala ndi matumba awiri "akhungu".
Ndipo mkamwa mwa chinyama chilichonse - mano 38, ali ndi msana wopangidwa bwino, akupera chakudya komanso ndi mafangasi amiyala yayikulu kutsogolo, wofanana ndendende ndi mdani aliyense.
Akatswiri azachilengedwe ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi omwe amaphika mkate sanali okhutira ndi zovunda ndi msipu, komanso kosakidwa. Tsopano, ma fangayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kuteteza kwa adani achilengedwe - ma pumas ndi nthomba, komanso kuwononga thupi la zovunda zazikulu.
Powuza mwachidule nkhani yokhudza nyama zodabwitsazi, zosadziwika kwa anthu, ndikofunikira kutchula mbiri ya dzinalo - opeka nkhumba chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa izi osasangalatsa kuposa iwowo.
Anthu aku Europe, apainiyawa atafufuza ku America, adakumana ndi anthu oyanjana komanso ochezeka a mtundu wa Native American "Tupi", omwe mbadwa zake zikadali ku Brazil kwamakono.
Powona patali gulu la nyama zachilendo, Apwitikizi adayamba kuwalozera, ndikufuula "Nkhumba, nkhumba zakuthengo", ndipo amwenyewo adapeza mawu omwe amamveka m'makutu a ku Europe ngati "Bakers".
Pakapita kanthawi, zinadziwika kuti "ophika" sanali mawu amodzi, koma angapo ndipo mawuwa adawamasulira kuti "nyama yomwe ikuyenda njira zambiri," zomwe zimafotokoza bwino nkhumba za ophika mkate.
Ophika
Nyama zodabwitsa zomwe kale zinali za banja la Nkhumba zimadziwika kuti ndi zophika mkate. Nyama zotchedwa artiodactyl zomwe zimatanthauziridwa zimatanthawuza "chirombo, ndikupanga msewu m'nkhalango." Malo omwe nyama zimapezeka kwambiri ndi malo a New World komanso Western Europe. Ophika amakhala ndi zofanana zambiri ndi nkhumba, osati zakunja zokha, komanso mawonekedwe, zizolowezi, ndi machitidwe ena.
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Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Obika ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka mita imodzi, amakula mpaka masentimita 57. Kuchuluka kwa achikulire sikumaposa 30 kg. Zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi zolengedwa zapakhosi ndi khosi lalifupi, mutu wozungulira, wolemera, wotupa wamtali, mawonekedwe owongoka, maso ang'ono ndi makutu ozungulira. Obika ali ndi miyendo yochepa komanso mchira. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi bristles wakumbuyo (kumbuyo ndi kufota, kufanana ndi mane).
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M'mayiko ambiri, ophika mkate amatchedwa nkhumba za musk chifukwa nyama zimabisa chinsinsi, ngakhale chosasangalatsa. Nyama yamphongo yokhala ndi zibowolezi ikusangalala, imayamba "kununkhira" ndikuwukweza pang'ono pang'ono.
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Mutha kusiyanitsa wophika mkate ndi nkhumba ndi zizindikiritso izi: mu nyama yakumanzere, zala zitatu, mano 38 mkamwa, awiriawiri a tiziwalo ta mammary, fangs yam'mwamba ikuluikulu imayendetsedwa pansi, m'mimba imagawika m'magawo atatu. Chizindikiro cha nkhumba ya musky ndikutha kuzindikira malo mwa kupopera madzi onunkhira.
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Obika amakhala pagululo. Amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi usiku. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimasamukira kudera lina. Kumutu kwa gulu lankhondo kuli mtsogoleri wachikulire kwambiri wamkazi.
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Zinyama
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka m'mimba, ophika amatha kugaya zakudya zosakhwima. Herbivores samasamala kudya mtedza, mizu yomera, tubers, bowa. Nthawi zanjala kwambiri, nkhumba za musk zimatha kudya zovalazo, achule, mazira ndi njoka. Kutengera ndi komwe akukhala, zakudya za ophika mkate zimasintha. Chifukwa chake, amatha kudya zipatso zam'madzi, mphutsi, tizilombo, cacti (kuchotsa minga, zolengedwa zimayendetsa mbewuyo pansi), nyemba ndi udzu wosiyanasiyana.
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Zojambula zakunja za ophika mkate
Obika ndi nyama zazing'ono: kutalika kwa thupi ndi 70-100 cm, kutalika sikokwanira kuposa masentimita 57 pakufota, kulemera kuli pafupifupi 30 kg. Amakhala ndi mutu wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi mutu wowoneka bwino m'khosi lalifupi, wokhala ndi mkondo wam'manja komanso mbiri yowongoka, maso ali ochepa, makutu ali oyera, ozungulira, miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yochepa. Zolimbitsa thupi ndizopepuka, zimakhala zopendekera pang'ono ndi mchira wamfupi.
Thupi lonse lophika ndi lophimbira ndi mabatani, lomwe limakhala lotalikirana patali ndi mzere wam'mbuyo ndikufanana ndi chingwe. Pakusangalala, mankhusuwo amadzuka, akumveketsa zofunikazo, komwe chinsinsi chopanda "kununkhira" chimapopera.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, moyo, mawonekedwe a kubadwa kwa nyama zazing'ono
Obika amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Izi ndi nyama zolimba: zimamva bwino kwambiri m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amakhala usiku kwambiri.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo: mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, mizu, mtedza, masamba, njere, komanso tizilombo, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule, komanso zonunkhira.
Zachikazi zimatha kubweretsa ana agalu amphongo amodzi kapena awiri mosatengera nyengo, koma nthawi yambiri mvula. Asanabadwe, amafunika kusiyira khosalo kuti akapeze malo abata, abwino.Ngati sangatero, abale ake amatha kudya ana.
Posachedwa, ana akhanda ayamba kuyima pawokha, ndipo mayi amabwerera kubusa pamodzi ndi iwo.
Wophika mkate
Ophika nkhumba ndiosavuta kuweta komanso kubereka. Nthawi yomweyo, angagwirizane ndi mwini wake kwambiri kuti ayambe kumuyang'ana ngati atamuiwona kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo akapeza, adzawonetsa chisangalalo chake podumpha ndikukhala ngati akukuwa.
Ophika omwe ali omata amakhala bwino ndi nyama zina zapakhomo, koma osadziwa akamayandikira, amayamba kuda nkhawa, kukuwa ndikukula. Molimba mtima amathamangira kwa agalu ang'ono.
Chifukwa chiyani ophika si nkhumba
M'mbuyomu, nyama izi zidachokera ku banja la nkhumba, komabe panali zifukwa zambiri zomwe adadzipatula kukhala banja lina la "ophika".
Mu nkhumba, maxillary fangs amawongoleredwa kapena mbali - kwa ophika pansi.
Mu nkhumba, m'mimba muli chipinda chimodzi - mu ophika, pali magawo atatu, ovuta.
Nkhumba zimakhala ndi chikhodzodzo - ophika alibe.
Nkhumba zimakhala ndi zala 4 kumapazi aliwonse, ndipo ophika amakhala ndi zala 3 kumiyendo yawo yakumbuyo.
Mu nkhumba zazikulu, mano 44 - mwa ophika wamkulu, 38.
Nkhumba zimakhala ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zamatumbo a mammary - ophika okhala ndi awiriawiri.
Kudyetsa ana a nkhumba kumachitika kunama - ophika mkate akuimirira.
Ophika amakhala ndi tiziwalo tambiri kumbuyo kwawo, koma nkhumba sizikhala.
Kufotokozera kwa ophika mkate
Ophika ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi thunthu kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi kutalika kufota zosaposa 55-57 cm. Kulemera kwa nyama yachikulire ndi makilogalamu 28-30. Onse ophika mkate amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mphero woboola pakati, wamutu wolemera pakhosi lalifupi. Nyamayo imakhala ndi mbiri yowongoka komanso yokhala ndi phokoso lalitali, maso ang'onoang'ono komanso makutu ozungulira. Miyendo ya ophika mkate ndi yopyapyala komanso yochepa.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Ku America, wophika mkate adalandira dzina laulere "musky pig", lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha fungo lomveka komanso losasangalatsa la zinsinsi zobisika zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gland yapadera yomwe ili kumapeto kumbuyo, pafupi ndi mchira.
Nyumbayi ndi yopepuka, ndipo mchira wake wamfupi komanso kumbuyo pang'ono. Thupi la ophika mkate ndi wokutidwa ndi chiputu chakuda kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali kufota ndi kumbuyo, chifukwa chake chimafanana ndi mtundu wa mane. Pakadali pano, manewa wotereyu amakwezedwa mosavuta, ndipo amatha kuwulula zinsinsi zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinsinsi chake chizikhala cholimba komanso “chofungo kwambiri.”
Mawonekedwe
Ophika ali ndi zosiyana zingapo zingapo kuchokera ku nkhumba, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizitchulidwa ngati zonyezimira zopanda mafuta:
- kugawanitsa kwam'mimba m'madipatimenti atatu ndi matumba a soseji yakhungu,
- kukhalapo kwa zala zitatu kumiyendo yakumbuyo,
- ma fangasi osunthika oyenda pansi,
- 38 mano
- awiriawiri a tchire ta mammary.
Mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi chapadera chokhala ngati musk, ophika achikulire amaika gawo lawo pomwaza madzi onunkhira patchire, udzu kapena miyala.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Amuna ndi akazi amtundu wazinyama zambiri ndizosiyana mawonekedwe ake kapena mawonekedwe ake, koma ophika sakhala m'gulu lino. Chodziwika bwino cha ophika mkate ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa zizindikiro zakugonana. Komabe, "nkhumba" izi ndi njira zosiyanitsira wina ndi mnzake.
Habitat, malo okhala
Gawo lonse la gulu limodzi lingakhale pakati pa mahekitala 6-7 mpaka 1,250. Kuyika chizindikiro cha gawo la nyamayo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ndowe, komanso kufinya kwa ziwalo. Collared ophika - uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umakhala ku United States, pomwe anthu asanu mpaka khumi ndi asanu amaphatikizidwa kukhala gulu.
Dera la gulu la ophika ndevu kumwera chakumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Mexico ndi 60-200 km 2. Ziweto zazikulu zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi mazana kapena kupitirira mitu. Ophika okhala ndi ndevu zoyera amatha kuima kudera linalake kwa masiku angapo, pambuyo pake zakudya zimafunidwa kudera lina. Mtunduwu umakonda kudya za nyama zomwe zinachokera.
Zophika mkate
Herbivores amasiyana pakapangidwe kamimba, kamene kamatsimikizira kugaya kwathunthu mitundu yonse ya chakudya. M'madera akumwera, ophika amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zoyimiriridwa ndi mizu, mababu, mtedza ndi bowa.
Nthawi zina nyama zotere zimatha kudya zovalazo ndi mazira, achule ndi njoka zazing'ono. Kumpoto kwa gawo, chinthu chofala kwambiri pakudyetsa nyama ndi mababu ndi mizu, mtedza ndi nyemba, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, udzu ndi cacti, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo.
M'malo akakhala louma, chakudya cha nyama izi ndizosowa kwambiri, motero mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cacti imapita kukadyetsa, yomwe imapangidwa mosavuta komanso mosavuta ndi m'mimba yachipinda chambiri. Ophika achikulire, mothandizidwa ndi muzzle wawo wolimba, yokulungani kacheni pansi pamtunda, komwe kumachotsa singano.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Ophika okhala ndi ndevu zoyera amatha kubereka ana chaka chonse, koma nsonga ya nthawi yoswana imagwera makamaka mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Mimba imatenga masiku 156-162, atabereka mwana mmodzi mpaka anayi. Maola ochepa atabadwa, makanda amatha kuyenda pawokha ndikuyenda ndi amayi awo. Nthawi yoswana imalumikizidwa ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso kugwa kwamvula.
Ophika mapira amadziwika ndi kusakhalako kwa nyengo yodziwika, kotero ana amabadwa chaka chonse. Matenga amasinthidwa ndi nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa mvula. Yaimuna yayikulu kwambiri imakhala ndi akazi onse abulu.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! omwe ophika ndevu zoyera amatha kupanga ma hybrids ndi ophika ma collared.
Mimba imatenga masiku 141 mpaka 151, ndipo mu zinyalala kuchokera pa mwana mmodzi mpaka atatu amabadwa. Kwa miyezi itatu, wamkazi amadyetsa ana mkaka. Amuna amakhala atatha msinkhu pamiyezi khumi ndi umodzi, ndipo akazi amakhala okhwima pofika miyezi 8 mpaka 14.
Adani achilengedwe
Otsutsa ovuta kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi ophika m'malo awo achilengedwe ndi ankhandwe ndi miyala, komanso anthu. Anthu amadyera nyama zomwe sizikuyenda bwino za artiodactyl chifukwa cha kuchotsa nyama ndi khungu. Ophika achichepere amawukiridwa ndi coyotes ndi redyn lynx. Amayi amateteza kwambiri ana awo ndipo amaluma mdaniyo ndi mano. Wophika wokwiya kapena wamantha amapereka phokoso lalikulu maphokoso.