Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndidawona paliolin (lat. Pholidota), mutha kusankha kuti muli ndi armadillo, koma izi ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri. Pangolin abuluzi omwe ndi anyama ambiri anyamayi. Dzina la abuluzi limachokera ku liwu loti "pengguling", lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Malay amatanthauza "kupindika kukhala mpira". Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakabuka vuto, maapoolin nthawi zambiri amapinda kukhala mpira.

Dzinalo lenileni mu Chilatini limamveka ngati Pholidota. Ziphuphu za mtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa ma sentimita 30 mpaka 88, ndipo kukula kwa mchira wawo nthawi zambiri kumafanana ndi kukula kwa thupilo palokha. Nyama yaikazi imasiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake.

Padziko lonse lapansi pali mitundu 8 ya "chinjoka-hedgehogs" iyi (tiwayitanire kosangalatsa). Ena mwa iwo - mitundu inayi - amakhala kumadera aku South ndi Equatorial Africa, ndi ena onse - ku Southeast Asia.

Mtundu uliwonse umakhala wapadera m'njira zake. Chifukwa chake, tsopano mwachangu tithana ndi mitundu yonse ya zowawa, ndipo tidzakambirana za mitundu iliyonse payokha.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, nthawi zina zimatha kupitilira kutalika kwa thupi la nyama. Thupi lonse lakumwamba, kuyambira pakati pa chizungulire mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira, limakutidwa ndi mizere yayikulu yamapulogalamu amiyala ya imvi kapena yofiirira. Milozi imathandizira kuti nyamayo ikhale yopendekera, ngakhale kuti imachepera. Mphuno zokha, m'mimba ndi mkati mwa miyendo zokha zomwe zimakhala "zopanda chitetezo". Masamba awa amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya waufupi, waubweya.

M'mphepete mwenimweni mwa chilichonse chimasonyezedwa. Popita nthawi, amatha kutha, koma atsopano amawonekera m'malo awo. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa ma flakes sikunasinthe. Chophimba cha "chinjoka" chimenecho chimagwira ntchito zodzitetezera zokha ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi chivundikiro cha nyanga cha zokwawa, monga mamba.

Pangolins amadya nyerere ndi chiswe, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake zimawoneka pang'ono ngati anteat, makamaka mwano wokhala ndi phokoso komanso khomo lotseka pakamwa. Monga nyama zonse zokhala ndi chakudya choterechi, lilime lamkati limakhala lalitali komanso lomata. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40. Minofu yomwe imayendetsa lilime kuti ichitepo kanthu imadutsa m'chifuwa ndikufika ku pelvis.

Alibe mano, motero, kuti akupera chakudya chamoyo, makoma am'mimba amakhala okutidwa ndi keratinized epithelium yokhala ndi zophuka za keratinized. Kuphatikiza pa izi, pangolin imatha kumeza miyala ing'onoing'ono, yomwe imathandizanso pakusankha chakudya.

Amalandira chakudya ndikang'amba khoma la anth ndi miyendo yamphamvu yamiyendo. Koma si zokhazo. Ndikupezeka kuti malovu a m'molin amakopeka kwambiri ndi nyerere, ndipo zimathamangira kwa iye ngati uchi.

Maso ang'onoting'ono amakutidwa ndi eyelon eyel, omwe amateteza bwino kwambiri kuti asagwidwe ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Buluzi siliyenera kuwerengera kuti liziona komanso kumva, koma fungo lake ndi labwino kwambiri.

Ma pangolin ndi nyama zamadzulo. Amakhala m'mabowo akuya kapena m'maenje. Mitundu ina imakwera mitengo bwino. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono - osaposa 3.5 - 5 km / h. Chifukwa chake, pakaopsezedwa, iwo amapindika kuti akhale mpira ndikuphimba mitu yawo ndi mchira wamphamvu. Kuti muwatsatire amafunika mphamvu ndi ukwanira. Zidani zazikulu zokha komanso zamphamvu, monga ankhandwe kapena agalu, ndi omwe angachite izi. Chitetezo chinanso cha chinsolin ndi chinsinsi chonunkha chomwe chimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku tiziwalo tambiri.

Nyama izi ndizosilira, nthawi zina ungakumane ndi mkazi wokhala ndi kamwana kakang'ono kumbuyo kwake. Mbeu zimabedwa kamodzi pachaka, nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 4-5. Ma painolins aku Africa nthawi zambiri amabereka mwana 1, ndipo amodzi ku Asia kuyambira 1 mpaka 3. Mwanayo amabadwa atakulira bwino, koma wopanda tsitsi komanso mabulashi ofewa, omwe amayamba kuuma m'masiku ochepa.

Monga zolengedwa zonse zoyamwitsa, nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wawo, ana a pangolin amadya mkaka wa amayi, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amasintha kudya chakudya chokoma. Pakakhala ngozi, mayiyo amabisa mwana wake mwachangu mu "mphete" ya thupi lake.

Kuphatikizika kwa pangolin kumaphatikizapo banja lokhalo Lizard (Manidae) wokhala ndi majini amakono, momwe muli mitundu 8, ndipo tsopano tidziwa aliyense wa iwo. Poyambira, lingalirani za "Africa" ​​(omwe amakhala ku South kapena ku Equatorial Africa):

1. Mkwatulo Wautali Wautali (Uromanis tetradactyla) Amakhala pamitengo yamvula yamvula yaku West Africa. Ili ndi mchira wautali kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ina. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 30-40 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi 60-70 cm.

2. Giator Raptor (Smutsia gigantea) Chachikulu koposa zonse. Kutalika kwake kumafika 75-80 masentimita, ndipo mchirawo ndi 50-65 cm.Mapaipi a nyanga ndi akulu kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi buluzi wautali kwambiri, imakonda kukhala pansi ndikukumba mabowo. Amakhala ku Central ndi West Africa.

3. Mkwatibwi wokhala ndi mutu (Phataginus tricuspis) Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 35-45 masentimita, mchirawo ndi 40-50 cm. Kuchokera pa dzinali kumveka kuti tsitsi lomwe lili pamimba pake ndilopepuka. Komanso, mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma spikes ang'ono. Amakhala m'nkhalango za West ndi Central Africa. Miyoyo m'mitengo.

Steppe Raptor (Smutsia temminckii) Wosachedwa komanso wosowa kwambiri wamitundu 8. Malo okhalamo mapiri ndi mapiri aku East ndi South Africa. Amakonzekera kukhala pansi.

Tsopano, mitunduyi yomwe ikupezeka ku Southwest Asia:

1. Philippine Raptor (Manis culionensis) Zimakhala zokhazokha kuzilumba zingapo za ku Philippines zomwe zili gawo la Palawan.

2. Indian Raptor (Manis crassicaudata) Mtundu wokhawo womwe umakumba kamakumba kakang'ono kamathero m'chipinda chodyera. Miyoyo, monga momwe mumamvesera kale, ku India. Kutalika kwa thupi - 60-65 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira - 45-50 cm.

3. Javanese Raptor (Manis javanica) Imamveka bwino mu chisoti chokhwima cha mitengo komanso pamalo abwino. Ili ndi malo akuluakulu okhala. Mutha kukumana naye pachilumba cha Malacca, ku Indochina ndi Indonesia. Imakutidwa ndi mulingo wapakatikati ndi ubweya wa bulauni.

4. Adakwera Raptor (Manis pentadactyla) Ili ndi dzina lake la auricles opangidwa bwino kwambiri. Amakhala munkhalango za Nepal, South China ndi North India. Imakonda nthaka yolimba pansi pa mapazi ake, koma imathanso kukwera mitengo ngati pangafunike. Kutalika kwa thupi - 50-60 cm, mchira - 30-40 cm.

Maonekedwe awo akunja anali nyambo yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu. Anthu okhala komweko samawagulira nyama yambiri, yomwe imakonda ngati nkhumba, koma makamaka kwa masikelo ndi khungu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ena amati nyanga zawo ndi mphamvu yozizwitsa - kutetezedwa ku mikango, ndi ena - kutetezedwa ku ufiti ndi matenda.

Mu 2012, oyang'anira malo aku Thailand amayang'ana paolin pamsonkhano wa atolankhani ku Bangkok, Thailand. Akuluakulu a kasitomala adapulumutsa ululu wopweteketsa 138 womwe ndi mtengo wokwanira $ 46,000, womwe anali atatsala pang'ono kutulutsa mdziko muno ndikudya. (Apichart Weerawong / Associated Press)

Ma peolins awiri opulumutsidwa atakhala m'basiketi, Bangkok, Thailand. (Sakchai Lalit / Associated Press)

Pangolin amatha kuyimirira miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti awone bwino mtunda. Komanso, chithandizo chawo chachikulu ndicho mchira. Pakachitika ngozi, mtima wambiri umayamba kuteteza. Amangopindika mpaka mpira, komanso amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limawopseza mdani. Ngati paolin yapindika kukhala mpira, zimakhala zovuta kuyikapo.

Pangolin ndizovuta kwambiri kukhala muukapolo, chifukwa chakudya chachikulu cha ma dinosaurs ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokha. M'mimba mwa buluzi pakhoza kukhala kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 2000 g la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ndi chiswe.