Mbalame yokongola iyi idakopa chidwi cha munthu kuyambira kalekale: zithunzi zake zimapezeka papyri wakale waku Egypt. Ku Russia, amatchedwa porphyryon, ndipo mayina odziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu ya nkhuku ya Sultan kapena Sultan. Sultan ndi chovala chowala, chofiyira cha nthenga pamutu, mtundu womwewo ndi chinsalu pamutu pa mbalameyi.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Sultanka amakhala m'malo okhala malo otentha komanso otentha. Mtunduwu umangokhala kum'mawa kuphela. Ndi zozizwitsa chabe kuti mutha kukumana naye ku Russia. Kumeneku kumangokhala paphiri lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi pang'ono kumpoto, mpaka ku Delga delta. Gawo ili limapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja zazing'ono, komanso mabatani am'nyanja - paliponse pomwe pali mabango ambiri a bango, amphaka kapena sedge.
Mbalame imakhala moyo wobisalira, kotero sizipezeka kawirikawiri kuthengo. Koma mwina muli ndi mwayi!
Zizindikiro zakunja
Mwachilengedwe, pali mbalame zambiri zokongola zamtambo. Ndipo m'modzi wa iwo - Sultanka - woimira bwino kwambiri wamafuta pabanja lake.
Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri ya sultanka amasintha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa buluu umasinthidwa ndi wobiriwira kapena ngakhale wamtambo wakuda. Nthawi zina, chifuwa cha sultanas chimakhala ndi phulusa la phulusa, ndipo zochulukazo zimaphimbidwa ndimoto. Asayansi amasiyanitsa nkhuku zoposa 24 za nkhuku ya Sultan.
Nkhuku ya sultan ili ndi chikwangwani chofiyira chowoneka bwino ndi mutu wake pamutu pake
Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu-yayikulu, koma nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri ya banja lake. Kutalika kwake kumafika 50 cm, ndipo mapikowo ndi masentimita 100. Kulemera kwa sultanas kumayambira 500 g mpaka 1 kg.
Chizindikiro chakunja cha mtunduwu ndi mulomo wofupikitsa wafupi wokhala ndi mphuno yozungulira ndi chikwangwani cha chikopa kumutu, komanso miyendo yokhazikitsidwa bwino yokhala ndi zala zazitali zopanda nembanemba. Tili othokoza chifukwa cha chikwangwani chofiyira chofiyira chomwe sultan adatchedwa. Kuphukira kodabwitsa kumeneku pamutu wa mbalameyo kumafanana ndi mutu wa sultans wakale. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti nthawi yozizira, mlomo wofiira wowala wa Sultanka umasinthika kukhala utoto, koma utoto wa chikopa sichikusintha. Moyambilira wa sultanka wayera.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mutu umakhala wocheperako komanso waufupi ndi mutu waukulu, womwe ndi wokulirapo kukula mu nkhuku. Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wowongoka pang'ono, wokhala ndi mphuno zazikulu, zoyera. Chikhulupiriro chake chimawombedwa ndi nyanga, sichinakhazikike bwino. Zomera m'makutu ndizochepa kwambiri, zobisika kumbuyo kwa crest.
Kumbuyo kuli kofupikitsidwa, kukwezedwa m'munsi kumbuyo, ndimapulogalamu okongola. Mchirawo ndiwotalika, wopambana, wokhala ndi maipi ambiri. Mapikowo ndiwotalika, pansi ndi kukankhira thupi. Ma shoni okhala ndi tsitsi, lalifupi, lopatulidwa. Ma metatarsus amtundu wabuluu, obisika ndi "nthenga". Zala zisanu ndizofunikira.
Nkhuku zatsiku ndi tsiku ndizophimbidwa ndi khungu loyera, kuphatikiza mutu, zitsulo ndi zala. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 30 g.
Sultankans ali ndiubwenzi wabwino, womwe umakonda kukhala ndi mwini wake, wosavuta kuphunzira, kukumbukira mawu awo ndi matchulidwe. Amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso ntchito yayikulu. Samakangana pakati pawo ndipo amakonda anzawo ndi mbalame zina.
Chikhalidwe cha amayi chimapangidwa bwino kwambiri, nkhuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mitanda ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe sinasamalire.. Chofungatira cha mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri sichofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'ono kuli pafupifupi 90-92%.
Ndikwabwino kuchotsa ng'ombe patatha zaka zitatu zilizonse - mutatha chaka chachitatu cha moyo, kuyala nkhuku ndi mtundu wa nyama ziyamba kutsika pakuyala nkhuku. Nyama zazing'ono kuti zikhale zatsopano magazi zimapezeka pazaka 4-5.
Zabwino:
- zokongoletsera
- wochezeka
- kuphweka zolembedwa
- kulawa mazira ndi nyama,
- kukulitsa chizolowezi cha amayi.
Zoyipa:
- osapanga mazira abwino kwambiri,
- zovuta kuthana ndi matenda a pakhungu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa,
- mtengo wokwera wa ana,
- kuvuta kupeza mbalame zopaka.
Mitanda yomwe ingayambike: Zosavomerezeka, zaukhondo za kubereka zimasungidwa.
Mowirikiza amayamba pa miyezi isanu. Mu chaka, kuyikira nkhuku kumapereka mazira 80 mpaka 110 okhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Peak ya zokolola ndi zaka 2 zoyambirira, nthawi zina mpaka zaka zitatu, ndiye zimayamba kutsika kwambiri.
Panthawi yosungunuka, pali yopuma pakupanga mazira, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha miyezi 1-1,5 ndi zakudya zoyenera. Kusintha cholembera sichimakhala chopweteka, komabe, panthawiyi, mbalame zimakhala zotetezeka ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda apakhungu.
Kupanga kwa nyama kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kulemera kwenikweni kwa mbalameyo, komabe, nyamayi imakhala ndi machitidwe azakudya komanso kutentheka kwambiri. Kupha kumachitika nthawi zambiri pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi chimodzi.
Moyo
Phokoso lomwe nkhuku ya Sultan imapanga imasiyanasiyana: kubuma, kubuula, kulira, kuseka. M'magulu, mbalame zimayimba mofuula za "chak-chak."
Nkhuku ya Sultan nthawi zambiri imakhala mbalame yokhala chete. Imakhala m'madzi opanda madzi komanso malo owaza mchere amchere wokhala ndi mchere, wovuta kulowa bango ndi malo ogulitsira, m'nkhalango zamtchire. Kuti zisagwidwe, mbalameyi imasankha magawo akuya, osefukira kwambiri, komwe imakonzera chisa chopanda bwino. Sultanka imayenda bwino bango nthawi zambiri, mosamala sikumangoyambira kokha pamtengowo, komanso mitengo, koma imanyamuka mosasamala ndikuwuluka moipa. Amatha kusambira, koma imakonda kuwuluka chifukwa cha zopinga zamadzi (ngalande ndi njira).
Miyendo yolimba ndi othandiza pamene akukhala pamalo oyandikira madzi. Pazowopsa, oyambirirawo amathawa
Sultanka imadyetsa kwambiri ma rhizomes ndi mphukira zamadzi am'madzi, komanso imadya zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mphutsi zamtundu wam'madzi mpaka nsomba, amphibians, zouluka, zotsalira za mbalame zakufa ndi zinyama. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kudya zovunda. Malo omwe mumakonda kudyetsa zamtunduwu ndi nkhokwe zosaya, zosinthana ndi mbali zotseguka.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuti sultanka samangokhala mbalame. Amadziwikanso nsomba yaying'ono yamalonda kuchokera ku dongosolo la percussion - Mullus barbatus.
Nkhuku zamtundu wa Sultan ndizomwe zimachokera kum'mwera, motero zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu nthawi yozizira.
Ma Sultanok ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, mphaka wa bango ndiowopsa kwambiri kwa iwo. Mazira ndi anapiye amawonongeka ndi chithaphwi mwezi ndi akhwangwala amvi.
Kuswana
M'malo mwa nkhuku ya Sultan, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira a kirimu a 4-7 omwe amapaka mazira ochepa mazira. Onse awiri achimuna ndi amuna amakhala m'matumbo kwa masiku 23-25. Masiku oyamba, anapiye onyowa amakhala chisa ndipo makolo onse awiri amawadyetsa. Kenako ana agawika: gawo la anapiye amatsogozedwa ndi achikazi, gawo - lamphongo. Anapiye a Sultan a nkhuku zakuda. Samasambira bwino okha, amathanso kuwira m'mozi.
Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia
Sultanka ndi mtundu wachilendo pamtunda wautali. Kukongola kwakumwera kumeneku kukuwopa kuzizira kwa Russia. Inde, matupi amadzi akamauma, mbalame zimakakamizidwa kupita kumtunda, kumene malo omwe amakhalapo kale ndiabwino. Pamenepa amakhala msampha wa nyama zodyera komanso ozunza. Mwa adani achilengedwe a sultanka, owopsa kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, mimbulu, nkhumba zamtchire, akhwangwala ndi mwezi.
Gulu
Ufumu: nyama (Animalia).
Lembani: chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: mbalame (Aves).
Gulu: crane-like (Gruiformes).
Banja: woweta ng'ombe (Rallidae).
Jenda: Sultanas (Porphyrio).
Onani: Sultan (Porphyrio porphyrio).
Mawonekedwe
Sultanka (Porphyrio porphyrio) - mbalame ikuluikulu, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 40-50, mapiko 81-899. Ili ndi thupi lokhala ndi mchira wamfupi, mulomo wamphamvu kwambiri, chikwangwani pamphumi ndipo chimadontheka ndi zala zazitali - zofiira, ndipo mchirawo ndi woyera. Makulidwe a sultanka ndi achilendo kwambiri amtundu wobiriwira komanso amtundu wachitsulo.
Habitat ndi moyo
Dera oyambira yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo madera ambiri ku Europe, Asia, Africa ndi Australia. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi moyo wamadzi oyandikira, wokhala m'madambo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo osungirako nyama komanso nyanja zomwe zidadzaza ndi mabango, malo ogulitsa ndi zitsamba. Apa, sultan akumva bwino kwambiri, akuthamanga masamba am'madzi am'madzi. Komabe, imagwera m'madzi chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu othandizira omwe amapangidwa ndi zala zazitali. Amadziwanso kusambira, kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale amakhala akunja kwambiri, amakwera bwino munkhokwe zowoneka bwino ndipo amakwera mochenjera pafupi ndi tsinde ndi nthambi za zitsamba. Mphamvu za Sultanka zouluka ndizofanana ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo otsekedwa: zimatha kunyamuka mwachangu kumtunda, koma sizingathe kuthamanga.
Monga ankhandwe enanso ambiri, anthu achizungu amakonda kuwonjezera zochita mumdima. Munthawi imeneyi, amadya kwambiri, ndipo kulira kwawo, ndikulira kwambiri kumamveka nthawi zambiri usiku komanso usiku kuposa masana.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Sultanki Nthawi zambiri amadyera m'malo otetezeka: m'mphepete mwa mabwato ndi ngalande zothirira, m'mphepete zachitsulo, madamu m'mphepete mwa ngalande komanso ngakhale pokhapakhomo. Zikatero, zimawoneka bwino momwe mbalame zimakonda kupendekera mchira wawo, ndikuwonetsa nthenga zoyera. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa anthu sultan ndi mbalame ochezeka ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala m'magulu a anthu angapo. Kudya kwa sultanas ndi kosiyanasiyana, chomera chimadya zakudya: mabango a rhizomes, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mbewu za zomera zam'madzi. mphukira, ma rhizomes, ma tubers. Koma zimadya tizilombo tokhala m'madzi ndi nyama zapamadzi, zodyetsa, zodzikongoletsera, zam'madzi komanso zovunda.
Kufotokozera kwa Sultan
Thupi limakhala lalitali masentimita 45-55, ndipo limatha kulemera kuyambira 0,5 mpaka kilogalamu imodzi. Pogwirizana ndi thupi, mutu ndi waukulu, koma khosi ndilochepa, lalifupi. Mlomo wotakata, wotupa pang'ono, umakutidwa kumapeto. Kukula kwake, ndizochepa koma lakuthwa.
Miyendo ndiyolimba, pakati ndiyitali. Zala zake ndizochepa thupi komanso zazitali, nsapato zakuthwa. Akazi onse amuna ndi amuna pamutu pawo ali ndi kansalu kofiyira. Mapiko amatha kufikira masentimita 30. Nthenga zimakonzedwa modabwitsa, maula ndi wandiweyani.
Mtundu wa sultanka, mitundu yowala pafupifupi siyipambana, koma, ngakhale izi, ndizogwirizana. Pamwambapa, mbalame yonseyo ndi yakuda, ndipo pamimba, khosi ndi chifuwa ndi khungu lamdima. Pa ma sultani ena mumatha kuwona mtundu wobiriwira wobiliwira. Mbalameyi imagawidwa m'magulu angapo, ina mwa iyo ili ndi underwear yoyera. Sultanas amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiira wowoneka bwino pamutu komanso malo a mulomo. Ndi kubwera kwa chimfine, matope ofiira. Miyendo ndi yapinki.
Zochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku moyo wa Sultanka
- Sultanka nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti Chikuku cha Sultan. Mtundu wa mbalameyi umasinthika nthawi zambiri, umatha kukhala wabuluu wakuda, kenako kusintha kukhala tint yobiriwira, kapena kuti phula lakuda.
- Mbalame zina zimakhala ndi chifuwa chapinki chokhala ndi mchenga wamchenga, ndipo mafunde amawonekera pamadzi ena otsala.
- Mbalame ya sultan, malinga ndi asayansi, imagawidwa m'magulu 24. Osati nthawi zonse sultanka ndi mbalame. Ndi dzina ili, pali nsomba zamalonda kuchokera kuzomwe zimapezeka.
- Mbalameyi imakhala yosangalatsa komanso yolankhula, nthawi zambiri imakambirana. Kuchokera kumbali, kufuula uku kuli ngati whistle kapena screech, koma kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a Sultanok
- Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kulemera - zokongoletsa zowoneka bwino zofika 2 kg.
- Thupi limakhala lolimba, lalitali pakati.
- Zambiri zoyera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikupezeka kwa ma crst, akasinja ndi ndevu zazing'ono zokongola.
- Matanga ndi amtundu wamtambo wamtambo, wamtambo-wamafano asanu, ovala "panties" lofiira.
- Chisachi chili ngati nyanga, chimapangidwa bwino (chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa crest).
- Mchira wokhala ndi kumbuyo umapanga ngodya yolondola, yopambana.
Kuyamba kwa oviposition
Alimi, nthawi zambiri, amasankha nkhuku zoyambirira kumafamu awo kuti apange testicle yoyamba posachedwa. Mitundu yomwe ikusankhidwa - ikukwaniritsa izi. Sizosiyana ndi zochulukitsira zambiri mu bizinesi ya mazira - zimapatsa eni ake zosaposa mazira 80-100 pachaka.
Chigoba mazira achi Turkish zoyera , ndipo kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi magalamu 45. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola ku Corydalis kugwera pa zaka 2 zoyambirira kuyambira nthawi yakukula. Kenako, zizindikiro zosowa kale ziyamba kutsika.
Koma, ngakhale azimayi aku Turkey sapereka mazira ambiri kwa eni ake, iwo ndi osiyana ndi mitundu ina ndipo amakhala othandiza pakudya.
Chikhalidwe cha amayi
Amayi okhala ndi maonekedwe opambana adatha kutchuka chifukwa cha nzeru zawo zakuleza. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwaswa nkhuku zoduka zomwe zalephera kusamalira amayi. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kukhala othandiza chofungatira kuswana.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyala nkhuku kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa chonde, choncho, ana amabisala pamilandu 90%, pokhapokha ngati malamulo akusunga awoneke.
Sultanka Chikuku
Sikokwanira kunena kuti anawo ndi okongola kwambiri. Nkhuku zatsiku ndi tsiku "Wovalidwa" mu mtundu wowoneka bwino wa mtundu woyera - umaphimbanso mutu ndi zala. Chochititsa chidwi ndi zinyalala zokongola izi ndizakuti zimangodzimvera msanga, ndipo pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zimawonekera muulemerero wawo wonse.
Zitsamba zimabwera kudzikoli zamphamvu komanso zolimba. Kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono sikupitirira 10% pamaso pa zabwino ndi zakudya zoyenera. Ubwino wina ndi kusafuna kwawo.
Ana safuna mtundu wina wa chisamaliro chodabwitsa - ndizofanana ndendende ndi mitundu ina. Nawa maupangiri oyambira osamalira ana.
- Maudindo ana pa mfundo 30 anapiye pa mita lalikulu.
- Khalani owuma komanso oyera, makamaka mwezi woyamba.
- Ngati mukufuna kukula wathanzi ndikugoneka nkhuku - gwiritsani ntchito njira zowadyetsera - kamodzi pa maola awiri mpaka masiku khumi. Maola 2,5 aliwonse milungu 3 yotsatira. Ndipo kasanu patsiku atabereka 1 mwezi.
- Ana amafunikira madzi oyera, ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi madzi abwino komanso kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala a potaziyamu wambiri.
- Ma fluffies ang'onoang'ono amafunika kutentha. Pakupita masiku 10 kuchokera pa kubadwa, kutentha kwenikweni ndi madigiri 28-30. Pambuyo pake tsiku lililonse, pang'onopang'ono muchepetse 1 degree, kufikira 21.
- Onani zochita za nkhuku - izi zithandiza kuzindikira ofooka munthawi yake, ndikuwathandiza pakukula.
Zakudya Zamakhuku
- Chakudya choyamba chomwe mwana adzameza chimakhala chophika mazira. Tsiku lotsatira, mutha kuwonjeza chimanga - semolina ndi chimanga.
- Kwa masiku 2-3 ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zinthu zamkaka mumenyu. Zabwino - tchizi chamafuta ochepa kapena yogati.
- Kuchulukitsa ziwopsezo zopulumuka ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino, zinyenyeswazi kuyambira tsiku loyamba zimamwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a pharmacy.
- Pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kukhala wobiriwira 50%.
- Kuyambira mwezi umodzi, masamba amatha kuyambitsidwa.
- Zakudya zopangidwa ndi okonzeka ziyenera kusinthidwa kuti zikwaniritse msinkhu - makanda amakula msanga, ndipo kuti apangidwe bwino amafunikira calcium ndi protein yambiri.
Kudyetsa mbalame zazikulu mchilimwe ndi chisanu
Ubwino kuchotsedwa kukongola ndikuti amadya pang'ono, ngakhale atakhala olimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyandikira mwakukonzekera zakudya. Ngakhale chakudya chochepa chomwe nkhukuzi zakonzeka kuyamwa ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pamoyo wawo komanso thanzi. Pakati pa malamulo oyamba azakudya ku mbalame zaku Turkey ndi awa:
- Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana.
- Gome la nkhuku la 55% lili ndi mbewu zouma zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Osamadzaza ndi chimanga, chifukwa kukongola mafuta.
- Dyetsani anthu omwe akukhala nkhuku katatu patsiku. Posachedwa chakudya cham'mawa choyambirira, zipatso zambiri zidzakhala azimayi omwe ali ndi tsitsi.
- Kuphika konyowa osakaniza , kumbukirani kuti m'chilimwe iwo amawonongeka msanga, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayamba kuzizira.Chifukwa chake, apatseni ogulitsa magawo ochulukirapo omwe amatha kulowa m'mphindi 30.
- Mitundu, masamba ndi masamba azu ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zomwe zingapangitse kufunika kwa mavitamini. Koma, nthawi zambiri zigawo zimayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zosakanikirana za vitamini, makamaka nthawi yozizira.
- Choko, zipolopolo zoponderezedwa, nsomba zam'madzi ndizomwe zimapanga zinthu.
- Kuthekera kwa msipu kuchilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira kumakhutitsa klush yanu ndi mavitamini ndi zina zabwino.
- Musaiwale za madzi oyera ndi zotengera zamiyala.
Zinsinsi ndi mikhalidwe yomangidwa
Monga momwe mumamvetsetsa kale kuchokera pazambiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, ma quota sangathe kukhala bwino m'maselo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa m'malo otakasuka, owongolera komanso oyera. Pangani mbalame yaing'ono yomwe ikhoza kupuma, motalikirana ndi mbalame 3-4 pa mita imodzi.
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chingapangitse kukonzanso kakhalidwe koyera mu malo osungirako zinyalala ndi makonzedwe othandizira othandizira kudya ndi mbale zomwera. Kuwala zinyalala komanso kusunga kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa kufa kwa mbalame zachikulire.
Kukongola kwa Turkey, ngakhale kuti ndi mbalame yakumwera, ikhoza kupirirabe zovuta za chisanu cha ku Russia ndikuwapirira popanda kuvulaza thanzi.
Koma, nthawi yozizira ndibwino kukhazikitsa mu chipinda chotentha. Komanso, muyenera kuteteza a Corydalis ku mvula ndi dzuwa, chifukwa izi zitha kuvulaza zovala zawo zotentha - mwayi waukulu.
Kumwaza ndi dzira kugona
M'mawonekedwe okongola, osungunula amakhala mpaka miyezi iwiri (osatalikirapo pang'ono). Kuthamanga komwe nthenga zimasinthidwa zimatengera momwe amasungidwe ndi nkhuku. Amalekeranso kwakanthawi nthawi imeneyi. "Chovala chovala ubweya" chikabwezeretsedwa, njira yoikira mazira ibwereranso ku nthawi zonse. Ntchito ya eni nthawi imeneyi ndikuwathandizira pakulemeretsa chakudya ndi mavitamini osakanikirana.
Pakadali pano m'moyo, gulu lankhandalo limakonda kutuluka mitundu yosiyanasiyana matenda , ndipo muyenera kuwamvetsera kwambiri, ndipo mukamaulula zosintha pang'ono kapena mawonekedwe, pemphani katswiri kuti am'fufuze.
Kuyala nkhuku kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa potengera dzira kwa pafupifupi zaka zitatu, ndiye kuti chaka chilichonse chotsatira, magwiridwe antchito adzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti azisamalira kubereka kwa achinyamata kuti azitenga mazira, patatha zaka ziwiri.
Kudwala?
Izi zolemba zimatha kutchedwa kuti zamphamvu komanso zopatsa chidwi. Koma, komabe, pali zovuta zomwe zingawakhudze. Kumbukirani kuti kuthana ndi zovuta za nkhuku ndizosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Nayi matenda ena ofala kwambiri.
- Ma parasites - ali ndi malo oyendayenda mu zovala zokongola za azimayi achi Turkey. Kusamalira panthawi yake, kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo kungapulumutse moyo wa ng'ombe.
- Matenda amafupa, mitundu yonse ya nyamakazi. Zomwe zimatha kukhala zonyowa, ozizira mu nkhuku zodyeka komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi.
- Vuto linanso la kuperewera kwa thupi ndi kusowa kwa vitamini.
Ndi ndemanga ziti za mtundu wa nkhuku Sultanka?
Zoyipa
- Sultanka ndi mtundu wa nkhuku yokhala ndi zokolola zochepa.
Ndiye tidayang'ananso nkhuku ina yokongoletsera. Zabwino zonse komanso kuchita bwino! Gawani zomwe mwapeza patsamba lanu - lolani anzanu aphunzire zomwe zingachitike ku Turkey!
Tumizani ku zosintha zamasamba ndipo mudzakhala oyamba kulandira zatsopano, zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kukongola kokhala!
Mawu
Mbalame yamaphokoso, ili ndi mawu okweza komanso nyimbo zambiri. Imagwira makamaka mumdima, pomwe phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbalame zingapo zosangalala limatha kuphatikizira kwaya yonse. Nthawi zambiri amatulutsa kulira kocheperako, komwe kumatanthauziridwa m'mabuku monga mtundu wa kulira kapena komwe, kubwerezedwa kangapo mzere. Nthawi zambiri, kufuula kotereku kumatha ndi kuwomba kwamphamvu kwa lipenga. Kulira kwina ndi kubowola kozungulira, nthawi zina kuboola, kubowola matayala, kochitidwira pa cholemba chimodzi mwamphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Mukamalankhula, zimangokhala chete.
Dera
Dera logawikirali likuchokera kumwera kwa Europe ndi Africa kum'mawa mpaka kuzilumba za Pacific za Samoa ndi Chatham. Ku Europe ndi North Africa, malowa ndi ogawika kwambiri - pakadali pano malo ochepa okha omwe amalembedwa kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Iberian Peninsula, kumwera kwa France, ku Sardinia, kumwera kwa Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia ndi Egypt. Chiwerengero chopezeka chilipo m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, kuphatikiza ku Russia - ku Dagestan ndi Kalmykia. Ku Europe, mbalameyo kale idakhala gawo lalikulu, kuphatikiza gawo lalikulu la Portugal kumpoto kupita ku Coimbra, m'chigawo chachikulu cha Italy, zisumbu zina za Nyanja ya Aegean, ku Russia pamlomo wa Urals ndi Terek Valley.
Malo omwe amapezeka kum'mwera kwenikweni - Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, Madagascar, Asia ndi Australia, otentha, kuphatikiza Australia ndi New Zealand. Pokhazikika pena paliponse, m'malo angapo nyengo yoyipa imasamukira m'malo ena abwino. Sultankas nesting kumpoto kwa Caspian amasuntha mtunda waufupi kumwera kwa madzi opanda madzi oundana. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'madambo aku Andalusia panthawi yachilala pamapazi awo zimasamukira kugombe lanyanja. Zowonongera zamtunduwu zidadziwika m'madera ambiri kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe, Sardinia, Africa, India, Pakistan, ndi Australia. Ma sultanas omaliza nthawi zambiri amadutsa Torres Strait pakati pa nsonga yakumpoto ya Australia ndi New Guinea. Ku Gambia, mbalame ndizofala, koma nthawi yokha yopanda kubereka. Kuphatikiza apo, ndege zachilendo zimadziwika ku Central Europe, Middle East, Kupro, madera achipululu a Africa ndi chilumba cha Pemba. Mitunduyi imakonda kubalalitsidwa kwambiri, kapena kufalikira m'malo alionse abwino - izi zikufotokozera kufalikira kwake padziko lonse lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, anthu okhala kumpoto kwa Caspian amachepetsa kwambiri, komabe, nyengo yotentha yotsatira, ziwerengero zawo zimabwezeretsedwa mwachangu chifukwa cha mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumwera.
Habitat
Pamakhala magombe akunyanja, madamu, mitsinje, madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi mitsinje yamadzi opanda madzi opanda madzi. Kuyenda mwachangu kumapewa. Imasungidwa munkhaka zowirira zam'madzi zosungika - madzi, bango, phula, mabango, syt kapena katitala, ngati kakang'ono kwambiri kukwera pamitengo ya mbewu izi. Amasambira bwino, koma m'malo osaya chidwi amakonda kuyenda, ndipo pamayendedwe akuya mozama kwambiri - masamba a bango kapena kapeti wama masamba a maluwa amadzi. Nthawi zina amapezeka m'miyala yambiri yamadzi, eutrophic, m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wamchere kapena wamatope, komanso ku Africa pothira kwakanthawi. Pafupi ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe, zimayendera malo otseguka - minda ya mpunga, udzu, minda, malo osungirako mitengo ndi nkhalango. Pakadutsa pamtunda, nthawi zambiri amagawana malo okhala ndi moorhen, koma mosiyana ndi izi, sakonda kusambira m'malo otseguka. Ikasokonezedwa ndi munthu, imanyamuka mwachangu, koma imawuluka osapitilira - nthawi zambiri mpaka mtunda wa 10 m, pambuyo pake imabweleranso kumera.